The Yangtze is the longest river in China. Yangtze River Facts Altitude of the Yangtze Estuary

The Yangtze basin covers about a fifth of China's territory, and about a third of the country's inhabitants live there. Along with the Yellow River, the Yangtze is the most important river in China's history, culture, and economy. The prosperous Yangtze Delta region generates up to 20% of China's GDP. HPP "Three Gorges" on the Yangtze River is the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. The river is an important physical and cultural dividing line between North and South China.

The Yangtze River flows through a large number of ecosystems and is itself home to several endemic and endangered species, including Chinese river dolphins (now extinct), Chinese alligators, and Korean sturgeons. Some sections of the river are currently protected as nature reserves. The section of the Yangtze in western Yunnan, where the river flows through deep gorges, is part of the Three Parallel Rivers National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Geography

The source of the Yangtze is located west of Mount Geladandun Tangla, in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau at an altitude of about 5600 m above sea level. The river flows through the southern regions of Qinghai Province, and then turns south and along a deep valley that serves as the border between Sichuan and Tibet, reaches Yunnan Province. In this valley, located in the Sino-Tibetan mountains, the main drop in height occurs - from 5 thousand to 1 thousand m. Here the river changes direction several times and forms deep gorges, such as Tiger Leaping Gorge.

Riverboat navigation starts from Shuifu County, Yunnan Province. Closer to the city of Yibin, which is located at the entrance of the river to the Sichuan basin, the river drops to a height of 305 m, and near the city of Chongqing, the height of the river relative to the sea is 192 m. its volume. On the 320-kilometer stretch from Chongqing to Yichang, the Yangtze drops to 40m as it flows through deep gorges known for their beauty and difficulty in navigation. Making its way further through the Wushan Mountains, the river serves as a natural border between the provinces of Chongqing and Hubei and forms the famous "Three Gorges" ("Sanxia"). The world's largest hydropower facility, the Sanxia, ​​was built in the area.

(Other authors, however, used the name Blue River only for the Sichuan tributary of the Yangtze, the Minjiang River, based on the informal name Qingshui 清水 - "Clear Water" used in this region).

Description

Along the coast of China is the Grand Canal, connecting the Yangtze with the Yellow River. In addition, starting in 2002, China began to implement a project to transfer water from south to north from the Yangtze basin to the Yellow River.

Average annual runoff

The flow of the river was measured for 64 years (1923-1986) in the city of Datong, located about 511 km from its mouth in the East China Sea.

At Datong, the average annual flow observed during this period was 28,811 m³/s, with a watershed of 1,712,673 km². This area makes up more than 95% of the total catchment area of ​​the river, and the flow at this point differs only slightly from the final flow at the mouth.

The average rainfall in the river basin thus reaches 531 millimeters per year.

Average monthly discharge of the Yangtze River (in m³/s) measured at the Datong Metering Station
Measurements were taken over 64 years

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The maximum water flow recorded in Datong City during this long observation period was 84,200 m³/s, while the minimum water flow was 1110 m³/s.

Historical information

On the banks of the lower reaches of the Yangtze, the civilization of southern China appeared. Evidence of human activity 27,000 years ago has been found in the Three Gorges area. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the kingdom of Shu was located in the western part of the Yangtze, the kingdom of Chu occupied the central part of the river, and the kingdoms and Yue were located on the lower reaches of the river. Although the Yellow River region was richer and more developed at that time, the mild climate of the Yangtze favored agriculture.

Historically, the Yangtze has been the border between northern and southern China several times due to the difficulty of crossing it. Many battles took place along the river, including the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 CE. e. in the Age of the Three Kingdoms.

On October 16, 1926, a Chinese transport exploded on the Yangtze River, near Klukiang; more than 1200 people became victims of the tragedy.

Dams

As of 2013, there are two dams on the Yangtze River: Three Gorges and Gezhouba. The third dam "Silodu" is currently under construction. Three more dams are under design.

tributaries

Expeditions on the first ascent of the Yangtze

Facts

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Notes

  1. - Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. Accessed 2010-09-10
  3. . earthobservatory.nasa.gov. Retrieved November 3, 2009.
  4. , Accessed August 3, 2009
  5. Schuessler, Axel (2006), , Abc Chinese Dictionary Series, University of Hawaii Press, p. 306, ISBN 0824829751 ,
  6. For example, Academic Press for the Linnean Society of London, 1895
  7. in TSB
  8. Room, Adrian (2003), McFarland, ISBN 0786418141 ,
  9. Davenport, Arthur (1877) , Harrison and Sons, pp. 10-11 ,
  10. Skryagin L. N."300 catastrophes that shook the world".
  11. only in the section from Yibin to Shanghai
  12. (English)
  13. (English)
  14. (International swim across the Yangtze 2002). (English)
  15. , by RICHARD H. SOLOMON. (Time Magazine, SEPTEMBER 27, 1999 VOL. 154 NO. 12)
  16. (English)

Literature

  • Grum-Grzhimailo G.E.,. Yang Tzu Jiang // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
  • Muranov A.P.. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1959. - 124 p. - (Rivers of the globe).

Links

  • Yangtze / Muranov A.P. // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Yangtze
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Length

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1,808,500 km²

Water consumption

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mouth
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An excerpt characterizing the Yangtze

To be honest, even when we saw the Holy City, it seemed very familiar to me. And similar thoughts came to me as soon as I saw the Magi. But I immediately drove them away, not wanting to have vain "bright hopes" ... It was too important and too serious, and I just waved my hand to Stella, as if saying that we would talk later when we were alone. I understood that Stella would be upset, because, as always, she wanted an immediate answer to her question. But at the moment, in my opinion, it was far from being as important as the wonderful story told by Isidora, and I mentally asked Stella to wait. I smiled guiltily at Isidora, and she answered with her wonderful smile and continued...
My gaze was riveted by a powerful tall old man, who had something subtly similar to my beloved father, who suffered in the cellars of Karaffa. For some reason, I immediately understood that this was Vladyka... The Great White Magus. His amazing, piercing, imperious gray eyes looked at me with deep sadness and warmth, as if he was saying the last “Goodbye!” to me ...
– Come, Child of Light, we forgive you...
A wondrous, joyful white Light suddenly came from him, which, enveloping everything around with a soft radiance, enclosed me in a gentle embrace, penetrating into the most hidden corners of my pain-torn Soul ... The Light penetrated every cell, leaving only goodness and peace in it, “ washing away the pain and sadness, and all the bitterness that has accumulated over the years. I soared in a magical radiance, forgetting everything “earthly cruel”, everything “evil and false”, feeling only the wondrous touch of Eternal Being ... The feeling was amazing!!! And I mentally begged - if only it would not end ... But, according to the capricious desire of fate, everything beautiful always ends faster than we would like ...
– We gave you FAITH, it will help you, Child... Listen to her... And sling, Isidora...
I did not even have time to answer, and the Magi "flashed" with a wondrous Light and ... leaving the smell of flowering meadows, they disappeared. Sever and I were left alone... I sadly looked around - the cave remained just as mysterious and sparkling, only it no longer had that pure, warm light that penetrated the very soul...
“That was Jesus' Father, wasn't it? I asked carefully.
– Just like the grandfather and great-grandfather of his son and grandchildren, whose death is also the fault of his soul...
– ?!..
– Yes, Isidora, He is the one who bears the bitter burden of pain... And you will never be able to imagine how great it is... – Sever answered sadly.
- Perhaps it would not be so bitter today if He had pity on the good people who died from someone else's ignorance and cruelty in their time? evil executioners? If even now he would not continue to only “observe” from his height how the “holy” accomplices of Caraffa burn Veduns and Witches in the squares? .. How is he better than Caraffa, if he does not prevent such Evil, Sever ?! After all, if he is able to help, but does not want to, all this earthly horror will forever lie on him! And neither the reason nor the explanation is important when a beautiful human life is at stake! .. I will never be able to understand this, Sever. And I will not “leave” as long as good people are being destroyed here, as long as my earthly Home is being destroyed. Even if I never see my real one... This is my destiny. And so, farewell...
Farewell, Isidora. Peace be to your soul... Forgive me.
I was again in “my” room, in my dangerous and ruthless being... And everything that had just happened seemed just a wonderful dream that I would never dream of again in this life... Or a beautiful fairy tale in which I was probably waiting someone "happy ending". But not me... I was sorry for my failed life, but I was very proud of my brave girl, who will be able to comprehend all this great Miracle... if Caraffa does not destroy her before she can defend herself.
The door opened with a noise - an enraged Caraffa stood on the threshold.
- Well, where did you "walk", Madonna Isidora? my tormentor asked in a mockingly sweet voice.
“I wanted to visit my daughter, Your Holiness. But she couldn't...
I didn't care what he thought, or whether my "outing" made him angry. My soul hovered far away, in the amazing White City, which Easten showed me, and everything around seemed distant and miserable. But Caraffa, unfortunately, did not allow me to go into dreams for a long time ... Immediately sensing my changed mood, the "holiness" panicked.
– Did they let you into Meteora, Madonna Isidora? - Caraffa asked as calmly as possible.
I knew that in his soul he was simply “burning”, wanting to get an answer faster, and I decided to torment him until he told me where my father was now.
“Does it matter, Your Holiness?” After all, you have my father, whom you can ask everything, which is natural, I will not answer. Or have you not had enough time to interrogate him yet?
– I do not advise you to talk to me in such a tone, Isidora. How you intend to behave will largely depend on his fate. Therefore, try to be more polite.
– And how would you behave if instead of mine, your father turned out to be here, Holiness? .. – trying to change the topic that had become dangerous, I asked.
“If my father was a HERETIC, I would burn him at the stake!” - Caraffa answered quite calmly.
What kind of soul did this “holy” person have?!.. And did he even have one?
“Yes, I was in Meteora, Your Holiness, and I am very sorry that I will never get there again ...” I answered sincerely.
“Have you really been expelled from there too, Isidora?” Caraffa laughed in surprise.
“No, Holiness, I was invited to stay. I left on my own...
- It can not be! There is no such person who would not want to stay there, Isidora!
- Well, why not? And my father, Holiness?
I don't believe he was allowed to. I think he should have left. It's just that his time is probably over. Or the Gift wasn't strong enough.
It seemed to me that he was trying, by all means, to convince himself of what he really wanted to believe.
- Not all people love only themselves, you know ... - I said sadly. “There is something more important than power or strength. There is still love in the world...
Caraffa brushed me off like an annoying fly, as if I had just uttered some complete nonsense ...
- Love does not control the world, Isidora, well, but I want to control it!
– A person can do anything... until he starts trying, Your Holiness – I “bite” without restraining myself.
And remembering something that she definitely wanted to know, she asked:
– Tell me, Your Holiness, do you know the truth about Jesus and Magdalene?
– Do you mean that they lived in Meteora? I nodded. - Yes, of course! That was the first thing I asked them about!
– How is this possible?!.. – I asked dumbfounded. – Did you also know that they were not Jews? Caraffa nodded again. – But you don’t talk about it anywhere, do you? Nobody knows about it! And what about the TRUTH, Your Holiness?! ..
- Do not make me laugh, Isidora! .. - Caraffa laughed sincerely. You are a real child! Who needs your "truth"? .. The crowd that never looked for it?! .. No, my dear, Truth is needed only by a handful of thinking people, and the crowd should just "believe", well, what - it no longer has much values. The main thing is that people obey. And what is presented to them at the same time is already secondary. The TRUTH is dangerous, Isidora. Where the Truth is revealed, doubts appear, well, where doubts arise, a war begins... I am waging MY war, Isidora, and so far it gives me real pleasure! The world has always been based on a lie, you see... The main thing is that this lie should be interesting enough to be able to lead "narrow-minded" minds... And believe me, Isidora, if at the same time you start proving to the crowd the real Truth that refutes them “faith” is unknown in what, and you will be torn to pieces, this same crowd ...
– Is it really possible for such an intelligent person as Your Holiness to arrange such self-betrayal? .. You burn the innocent, hiding behind the name of the same slandered, and the same innocent God? How can you lie so shamelessly, Your Holiness?!..
- Oh, don't worry, dear Isidora! .. - Caraffa smiled. “My conscience is completely at peace! I did not raise this God, and I will not overthrow him. But then I will be the one who will cleanse the Earth from heresy and fornication! And believe me, Isidora, on the day when I "leave" - ​​on this sinful Earth there will be no one else to burn!
I felt bad... My heart jumped out, unable to listen to such nonsense! Therefore, quickly getting together, I tried to get away from the topic he liked.
– Well, what about the fact that you are the head of the most holy Christian church? Don't you think that it would be your duty to tell people the truth about Jesus Christ?...
– Precisely because I am his “viceroy on Earth”, I will continue to be silent, Isidora! That's why...
I looked at him with my eyes wide open, and could not believe that I really heard all this ... Again, Caraffa was extremely dangerous in his madness, and it was unlikely that there was a medicine somewhere that could help him .
- Enough empty talk! - suddenly, quite rubbing his hands, exclaimed "the holy father." - Come with me, my dear, I think this time I will still be able to stun you! ..
If only he knew how well he was constantly able to do it! .. My heart ached, anticipating evil. But there was no choice - I had to go ...

Smiling contentedly, Caraffa literally “dragged” me by the hand along a long corridor until we finally stopped at a heavy door decorated with patterned gilding. He turned the handle and... Oh, gods!!!.. I found myself in my favorite Venetian room, in our own family palazzo...
Looking around in shock, not being able to recover from the “surprise” that had so unexpectedly collapsed, I calmed my jumping heart, being unable to breathe! wonderful years, then not yet ruined by the anger of a cruel person ... who recreated for some reason here (!) today my dear, but long-lost, happy world ... thing, every little thing I love!.. Unable to take my eyes off all this lovely and so familiar to me environment, I was afraid to move, so as not to accidentally frighten away the wondrous vision ...
– Do you like my surprise, Madonna? - Satisfied with the effect, asked Karaffa.
The most incredible thing was that this strange man sincerely did not understand what deep mental pain he caused me with his “surprise”!.. Seeing HERE (!!!) what was once a real “center” of my family happiness and peace, I wanted only one thing - to rush at this terrible "holy" Pope and strangle him in a deadly embrace until his terrifying black soul flies out of him forever ... But instead of realizing what I wanted so much, I just tried to get myself together so that Caraffa does not hear how my voice trembles, and as calmly as possible said:
“Excuse me, Your Holiness, can I stay here alone for a while?”
– Well, of course, Isidora! This is now your quarters! I hope you like them.
Did he really not understand what he was doing?! .. Or vice versa - he knew perfectly well? .. And it was just his restless atrocity that “had fun” that still did not find peace, inventing some new tortures for me? !.. Suddenly, a burning thought slashed me - what, in this case, became of everything else?.. What happened to our wonderful home, which we all loved so much? What happened to the servants and servants, to all the people who lived there?!
“May I ask Your Holiness, what has become of our ancestral palace in Venice?” I whispered in a shaky voice. - What happened to those who lived there? .. You didn’t throw people out into the street, I hope? They have no other home, Holiness! ..
Caraffa grimaced in displeasure.
– Have mercy, Isidora! Should you take care of them now?.. Your house, as you, of course, understand, has now become the property of our most holy church. And everything that was connected with him is no longer your concern!
- My house, like everything that is inside it, Your Holiness, after the death of my beloved husband, Girolamo, belongs to my daughter Anna, while she is alive! I exclaimed indignantly. – Or does the “holy” church no longer consider her a tenant in this world?!
Everything was boiling inside me, although I perfectly understood that, being angry, I only complicated my already hopeless situation. But the arrogance and arrogance of Caraffa, I'm sure, could not leave a single normal person calm! Even when it was only about desecrated memories dear to his heart...
- As long as Anna is alive, she will be here, Madonna, and serve our beloved holy church! Well, if she, unfortunately, changes her mind, she, one way or another, will no longer need your wonderful home! - Caraffa hissed furiously. – Do not overdo it in your zeal to find justice, Isidora! It can only harm you. My long-suffering also has limits... And I sincerely advise you not to cross them!..
Turning sharply, he disappeared behind the door, without even saying goodbye and not informing me how long I could stay alone in my so unexpectedly resurrected past ...
Time stopped... ruthlessly throwing me, with the help of Caraffa's sick fantasy, into my happy, cloudless days, not at all worrying that my heart could simply stop from such an unexpected "reality"...
I sadly sank into a chair by the familiar mirror, in which the beloved faces of my relatives were so often reflected ... And in which now, surrounded by dear ghosts, I sat all alone ... Memories choked with the power of their beauty and deeply executed with bitter sadness our departed happiness...
Once upon a time (now it seemed a very long time ago!) At the same huge mirror, every morning I combed the wonderful, silky hair of my little Anna, jokingly giving her the first children's lessons of the "witch" school ... Girolamo's eyes burning with love were reflected in the same mirror , affectionately hugging my shoulders ... This mirror reflected in itself thousands of carefully preserved, wondrous moments that now stirred up my wounded, tormented soul to the very depths.
Right next to it, on a small bedside table, stood a wonderful malachite casket, in which my magnificent jewelry was kept, so generously given to me by my good husband, and aroused the wild envy of rich and capricious Venetians in those distant, bygone days ... Only today this box was empty... Someone's dirty, greedy hands managed to "remove" away all the "brilliant knick-knacks" stored there, evaluating in them only the monetary value of each individual thing... For me, it was my memory, these were the days of my pure happiness: the evening of my wedding ... the birth of Anna ... some of my long-forgotten victories or events of our life together, each of which was marked by a new work of art, to which only I had the right .. These were not just “stones” that were expensive, it was the concern of my Girolamo, his desire to make me smile, and his admiration for my beauty, which he was so sincerely and deeply proud of, and loved so honestly and ardently ... And now now These pure memories were touched by someone's lustful, greedy fingers, on which, huddled, our outraged love wept bitterly...
In this strange “resurrected” room, my favorite books lay everywhere, and by the window, the good old piano was waiting sadly alone ... On the silk bedspread of the wide bed, Anna’s first doll smiled cheerfully, which was now almost the same age as her unfortunate one, persecuted mistress... Only the doll, unlike Anna, did not know sadness, and an evil person could not hurt her...
I roared from unbearable pain, like a dying animal, ready for its last deadly jump... Memories burned out the soul, remaining so marvelously real and alive that it seemed that the door would open right now and the smiling Girolamo would start talking right “from the threshold” with enthusiasm the latest news of the past day... Or cheerful Anna will burst in like a whirlwind, pouring an armful of roses on my knees, saturated with the smell of a marvelous, warm Italian summer...
It was OUR happy world, which could not, should not have been within the walls of the castle of Caraffa! .. It could not have a place in this den of lies, violence and death ...
But, no matter how indignant I was in my soul, I had to somehow pull myself together in order to calm my jumping heart, not succumbing to longing for the past. For memories, even the most beautiful ones, could easily cut off my already rather fragile life, not allowing me to end Caraffa ... Therefore, trying to somehow “protect” myself from the dear, but at the same time deeply hurting soul memory , I turned away and went out into the corridor ... There was no one nearby. Apparently Caraffa was so confident in his victory that he did not even guard the front door to my "chambers". Or vice versa - he understood too well that there was no point in protecting me, since I could “leave” him at any moment I wanted, despite any efforts and prohibitions he made ... One way or another - no stranger there was no presence, no guard outside the door of "my" chambers.
Longing choked me, and I wanted to run away without looking back, just to get away from that wonderful ghostly world, where every memory that surfaced took a drop of my soul, leaving it empty, cold and lonely...
Gradually recovering from the “surprise” that had fallen so unexpectedly, I finally realized that for the first time I was walking alone along the wonderfully painted corridor, almost not noticing the incredible luxury and wealth of the Karaffa palace. Before that, having the opportunity to go down only to the basement, or to accompany Karaffa to some meetings of interest to him alone, now I was surprised to look at the amazing walls and ceilings, completely covered with paintings and gilding, which seemed to have no end. It was not the Vatican, nor the official papal residence. It was just Caraffa's personal palace, but it was in no way inferior in beauty and luxury to the Vatican itself. Once upon a time, I remember, when Caraffa was not yet the "holy" Pope and was only an ardent fighter against the "spreading heresy", his house was more like a huge fortress of an ascetic who truly gave his life for his "just cause", no matter how it was not absurd or terrible for the rest. Now he was the richest, “tasting” (with the pleasure of a gourmet!) his boundless strength and power, a man ... who too quickly changed the way of life of a true “monk”, to the light gold of the Vatican. He still firmly believed in the correctness of the Inquisition and human bonfires, only now they were mixed with a thirst for the enjoyment of life and a wild desire for immortality ... which no gold in the world (to everyone's happiness!) could buy him.

The river is one of the greatest water formations on the planet. Its length, in accordance with the official American gazetteer, is 6418 km (in many sources there is a figure of 6300 km). This is the third place in the world after the Amazon and the Nile. The mighty water stream originates in the Tibetan Plateau.

Yangtze is the main river of China

The highlands are located north of the Himalayas and are considered the largest and highest in the world. Among the ice caps of the Tanga mountain range, directed to the sky, at an altitude of 5042 meters above sea level, the great river begins its long journey through the lands of China.
Yangtze source coordinates: 33° 25′ 44″ N. sh. and 91° 10′ 57″ E. d.
In this place, the glacier melts, and small streams rush down the mountain slope. Other streams flow into them and gradually form a turbulent stream. Gradually, he calms down, falling into the marshland of Qinghai province with its capital in Xining. Here yangtze river is first called Ulan-Muren, then Muruy-Us, and then Ji-Chu.

Yangtze River (China): mountain landscapes

After leaving the Qinghai administrative entity, the water flow turns south and ends up between the Tibet Autonomous Region, with its capital in Lhasa, and Sichuan Province, with its capital in Chengdu. This area is characterized by a valley surrounded by mountain ranges. These are the Sino-Tibetan mountains. They are a continuation of the Tibetan Plateau and are located to the east of it.


In this area, the river is locally called Jinshajiang. It carries its waters through deep gorges, forming stormy and dangerous rapids for people. No less dangerous is another river in China -.

The deepest is the Leaping Tiger Gorge. It is a canyon with steep slopes. Their height in some places reaches 2 kilometers. The canyon is located in Yunnan province with its capital in Kunming, adjacent to Sichuan. This area is characterized by a decrease in altitude up to 300 meters above sea level.

Having calmed its stormy mountain temper, the Yangtze River enters the Sichuan Basin. The current in this area is calm, and the width of the water stream reaches 500 meters. Further along the path of the mighty river, a mountain range appears, bordering the basin. Water breaks through it, and the channel at the same time narrows to 120-200 meters, and the depth in some places reaches 100 meters.

In the Sichuan Basin, the Yangtze receives the waters of the Minjiang River, the most powerful of all tributaries. The addition is the Jialingjiang River. This is a left tributary. Its length is 1119 km. All this is happening in the Chongqing Central Administrative Region.

Yangtze river and hydroelectric power station

But then the river rushes to the province of Hubei with the capital in Wuhan. It is on the border of Chongqing and Hubei that the famous Chinese hydroelectric power station is located, bearing the romantic name "Three Gorges". It is the world's largest hydroelectric power plant. The length of the dam blocking the water flow is 2309 meters, and the height reaches 185 meters.

Behind the dam, the river ends up on the Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province. Here, the water flow is locally called Changjiang. The great river begins to feed the effluents of many lakes. The largest of them is called Dongtinghu. It is located in Hunan Province, bordering Hubei Province. The lake is notable for such unique animals as the finless porpoise, which belongs to the cetacean order.

Further, the city of Wuhan appears on the path of the mighty stream. It is the largest metropolis in central China. It is in it that the Yangtze River receives the left tributary of the Hanshui. This is a large river with a length of 1532 km. She is well known throughout the world. In 2008, industrial waste was dumped in its upper reaches. The result was that 100 thousand people were left without drinking water.

Further, the river flows through the province of Anhui, with its capital in Hefei, and enters the province of Jiangsu, with its capital in Nanchang. On the right, the water flow receives the effluents of the largest lake in China, Poyang. The lake is notable for the fact that it is forbidden to fish in its waters. Thus, the Chinese authorities protect finless porpoises from the destruction. About 300 of them live in the lake.

Yangtze River (China) on the plain

Leaving behind the lands of Jiangsu Province, the Yangtze River meets the East China Sea and ends its long journey through the lands of the PRC. To the south of the confluence is the city of Shanghai. It has the status of a central subordination and borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang with the capital in Hangzhou. The population of the metropolis is about 25 million people. But back in the early 20th century, Shanghai was a small fishing village.

In its lower reaches, the Yangtze carries mighty waters across the Great Plain of China. In addition to the main channel, reaching a width of 2 km, the river forms numerous branches. The depth in these places reaches 20-30 meters. The water flow flows into the sea in 2 branches and at the confluence forms an estuary - the mouth of the river, in which there are no river sediments due to strong sea currents. The area of ​​the estuary is 80 thousand square meters. km.

yangtze river- This is the longest and full-flowing river on the entire continent of Eurasia. In the world in these parameters, it ranks third. The Yangtze flows through the territory of the People's Republic of China. In the 19th century, European sources called the river "Blue River", perhaps in opposition to the yellow Yellow River.

The waters of the Yangtze are actually muddy and the name "Blue River" is not very appropriate.

River length: 6,300 km. It is the third longest river in the world.

Watershed area: 1,808.5 sq. km.

Where does it run: The Yangtze River originates in the Tibetan Plateau. The height of the source above sea level is 5600 meters. From the source, the river flows side by side for a long time with another large river in Asia - the Mekong. In the upper reaches, the river makes its way through the Sino-Tibetan mountains. Here the main drop in height occurs - from 5000 to 1000 meters. In the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, the river quite often changes the direction of its flow and forms narrow, deep gorges.

Photo, Tiger Leaping Gorge in the upper Yangtze:

In the middle reaches, the river passes through the Sichuan Basin. After confluence with the major tributaries Jialingjiang and Minjiang near Chongqing, the river flows through deep gorges known for their beauty and difficulty of navigation. Making its way even further, through the mountains of Wushan, the river forms the famous "Three Gorges".

The largest hydroelectric power station in the world was built here: "" ("Sanxia"). Photo during the descent of excess water:

In the lower reaches of the Yangtze, it passes through the Sichuan Basin and flows further along the southern part of the Great Plain of China. Here the Yangtze receives the waters of China's largest freshwater lake, Poyang. Generally speaking, four of China's five largest freshwater lakes drain into the Yangtze. In the plain, the river is often divided into branches. At the same time, the width of the main channel exceeds 2 km. Finally, at Shanghai, the Yangtze flows into the East China Sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean. At the mouth, the river forms a wide delta (with an area of ​​80 thousand sq. km.)

River mode

The average water discharge at the mouth becomes 34 thousand m3/s, the annual flow is 1070 km3 (this is the fourth largest in the world).

Nutrition: mainly due to monsoons, and in the upper reaches, it also receives support from the melting of snow and glaciers.

Freezing: the river freezes only in the upper reaches, and even then, only for a short period of time and in areas with a calmer course.

Main tributaries: Minjiang, Jialingjiang, Yalongjiang, Hanshui.

Biological resources, inhabitants: in the river there are such rare animal species as Chinese alligator and Chinese paddlefish. The Yangtze Delta is the only place in the world outside of the United States where alligators can be found. Industrial species of fish are also found here in large quantities. These are: carp, silver carp, white and black carp.

Interesting Facts:

1) Grebenshchikov sang about this river in the song "Fog over the Yangtze"

2) Through the Yangtze, the industrious Chinese built many different bridges and tunnels. Of these, the Sutun Bridge can be especially noted. It is the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world. Its length is 8 km. It allows crossing the river delta.

Video: "Journey along the Yangtze River - Benefiting the Zinxia River":

Almost near the Chinese border with Russia is a young city - the Yangtze. The settlement was founded at the end of May 1953, and a few decades later it grew to the size of a large city. Today, the Yangtze is the capital of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region. In this part of Northeast Asia, there are three largest cities, which are tacitly called the "Great Golden Triangle". These include Vladivostok, Sigen and the Yangtze.

Brief description of the city

For an ordinary person from Russia, the name of this city does not mean anything, but when translated into Russian, it means "happy future." And although the city is quite large (almost 500 thousand people live here), but by Chinese standards it is considered cozy and small. Photos of the Yangtze city will allow you to see and appreciate all its attractiveness and beauty.

Tourists note a special atmosphere here. Many people like that no one pays attention to them, does not bother with various offers in order to lure more money from a foreigner. In just a few days, the traveler feels almost like a local resident.

Since the city is located near South Korea, a large number of Koreans live here - about 50%. Thanks to this, the city differs from most other settlements in the country. All the inscriptions here are made in two languages ​​- Chinese and Korean.

What is the Yangtze famous for?

This city is very popular among experienced tourists, it has everything you need for a real vacation: shops, architectural structures, a water park, nature and much more. Since more than half of ethnic Koreans live here, those who come to the Yangtze have the opportunity to get acquainted with two cultures at once. For example, there are restaurants with traditional Chinese and Korean cuisines. Being in this place, you involuntarily get the impression that you are in two different countries at once.

Among the attractions of the city of Yangtze, it is worth noting Mount Maoershan - the highest plateau in eastern Eurasia. Also popular places for tourists to visit are an amusement park, a zoo, a botanical center, and a water park.

Natural treasures

Some cities are visited by shopping centers, others - by architectural structures, and someone admires the beauty presented by Mother Nature. It is really extraordinary and majestic here, and a vivid example of this is Mount Maoershan.

In Chinese, "Maoershan" means "hat". And in fact, from afar, the mountain looks like a hat. It is worth noting that it is completely low, so almost everyone can climb it along a special ladder to the very top. Having passed this way, the tourist will see simply an incredible panorama of the city. It is from here that it is best to start acquaintance with the Yangtze.

The locals are very fond of Maoershan and visit it every morning to do exercises at the top or just breathe in the clean mountain air. There are also beautiful forest lands where tall pines, poplars and elms grow.

Not far from the Chinese city of Yangtze is the highest plateau in this part of the world - Changbaishan. It is located on the territory of the natural park, which is the largest in the country. It was created three years after the appearance of the city. In 1980, the United Nations included this plateau in the list of reserves of the international biosphere.

Attractions in Yangtze City (China)

The water park was built in 2015 in the MDM complex, which also houses a ski resort. It is located just 20 minutes drive from the center, within the city.

The ticket price is quite high, the entrance ticket for one adult has a price of 260 yuan, the entrance for children is free. However, only those who are less than 120 centimeters tall are considered children.

On the territory there is a small shop where a person can buy all the necessary accessories for swimming. Before entering the main area, you will have to plunge into a small pool of cool water, which contains a special disinfectant composition.

Inside there is one pool for the smallest with two low slides. Next is another miniature pool, with plenty of underwater jets of hot water. In the center of it is a labyrinth of slides.

The next pool imitates the sea, where waves of different sizes constantly go. For lovers of active entertainment, there are two large slides. On one of them, a special mattress can be obtained for free, and on the other, you will have to purchase it for 30 yuan.

There are also many small cafes and fast food establishments on the territory, where very good food is sold. In the city of Yangtze, the water park is the most common, which does not have a wide variety of slides, but it is great for an active pastime and getting positive emotions.

Amusement park

Tourists from Russia most often visit one of the main attractions of the city - an amusement park. It has everything you need for a good holiday: attractions, a zoo and walking areas among dense plantings.

Despite the fact that there are quite a large number of tourists here, it is not necessary to talk about the modernity of the park. The attractions here are very mediocre and ordinary, the zoo is not distinguished by a huge number of exotic animals, but children like it here.

A few more words about interesting places

A bear farm is located a few kilometers from the city of Yangtze. Here you can see many bears of different sizes and ages.

Vegetation lovers can visit the Gomao Botanical Center. The garden is covered and can be visited at any time of the year. Agree, it’s nice to visit a place where fresh greenery grows in the midst of a fierce winter.

There is also a "Green" restaurant, where the main detail of the interior is vegetation. In this institution, guest artists perform every evening. The institution is very fond of both locals and foreigners, so there is almost always a full hall of guests.

Not far from the restaurant are the "stars" of the local public - greenhouses, where you can see exotic cultures. The botanical center also has a beautiful square where locals like to relax.

Well, and, of course, what Chinese city today does not have shopping malls that have long become attractions? The Chinese city of Yangtze may well be proud of its high-rise shopping centers, where you can buy products for every taste and budget.

River and lake

A river runs through the whole city. It conditionally divides the Yangtze into two parts and is called "Puerhatun", which means "green river" in Russian. You can get to another part of the city by one of three bridges.

Not far from the river is a very popular lake among the local population. Until the end of the 80s, it was no different from most city ponds, but the authorities decided to improve the reservoir. The shores here were lined with decorative tiles, beautiful gazebos were erected, and they were built in the Korean style. The planting of many trees turned an ordinary lake into a kind of oasis in the center of the "stone jungle". This reservoir is called "youth". Guess why?

Ginseng Street must be a must-see in the Yangtze, where you can buy all currently known medicines and products made from this particular plant.

Little Korea in China

There are a lot of beautiful places in the Yangtze, it will not be possible to tell about all of them. Despite the fact that in comparison with other Chinese metropolitan areas this settlement has a modest size and a small population, the city attracts with its unusual culture, because ethical Koreans and Chinese live side by side here. Their culture is so mixed up that many people simply do not understand what country they are in. Geographically - China, in appearance - a typical South Korea.

The Yangtze is a rather interesting and unusual city, so if you have the opportunity, you should definitely come here.

The Changjiang River, or as it is also called the "Yangtze River", is the longest river not only in China, but throughout Asia, also known as the third longest river in the world. One of the most famous places on the river is the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, where tourists discover a little paradise every day.

Chinese name: 长江 (Changjiang)

Other options: the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the Yangtze Kiang are all formed from the Yangtze Jiang (扬子江); also known in the provinces under various names: Dangqu, Toto, Tongtian, Qinsha.

Length: 6380 km (3964 mi)

Where does it start: Jianggendizhu Glacier, Tangula Range, Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, western China.

Height: Located at an altitude of 5042 m (16542 feet) above sea level (the highest river in the world).

tributary: Flows into the East China Sea at Shanghai.

Location: 24°30′-35°45′ N, 90°33′-112°25′ E The river stretches from the Tibetan mountains, the Tibetan plateau, Qinghai province, to the very south, flowing through eleven provinces (Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai).

Main cities in the distance of the river (from west to east):

Panzhihua, Yibin, Luzhou, Chongqing, Fengdu, Yichang, Wuhan, Jingzhou, Shashi, Shishou, Ezhou, Xianning, Huangshi, Huanggang, Yueyang, Hefei, Chaohu, Chizhou, Anqing, Tonling, Wuhu, Chuzhou, Maanshan, Jiujiang, Nanjing, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Jiangyin, Nantong, Taizhou, Shanghai.

Main structures on the river: The Three Gorges Dam is the most famous attraction on the river, and is also the world's largest dam and hydroelectric power plant (2008); Gezhou Dam in Yichang City; Dujiangyan irrigation station in Sichuan; famous bridges, including the Jiangyin Suspension Bridge.

Average consumption: 31900 m3 / sec.

River basin/ river network: 1,800,000 km2 (694,983 miles2), reaching 300 m at its widest point and 100 m at its narrowest point.

Tributaries and lakes: up to 700 rivers and tributaries flow into Changjiang. The most famous of them are: the Han River (the longest), the Yalong River, the Min Rivers, the Daning River, the Jialing River, the Wu River, the Xiang River, the Yuan River, the Whampu River (in Shanghai) and the Gan River. The Yangtze River basin also includes numerous lakes. For example, Chao Lake, Dongting Lake, Tai Lake, Poyang Lake, Liangzi Lake and Hong Lake.

Famous and breathtaking gorges and canyons:Three Gorges of the Yangtze the most famous and most visited place on the river. Yalung Tsangpo Grand Canyon(entrance to Pai Township in Menling County, southeastern Tibet, 504.6 kilometers straight across the Himalayas) and Leaping Tiger Gorge, in the upper reaches of the river in Yunnan (2,000 m (6,600 ft)).

Main production along the river: Granaries of China. Grain production on the Yangtze River satisfies half of the country's needs, rice up to 70% of total production, as well as cotton, wheat, beans, corn and barley.

The meeting of two shores:

For millennia, the river was traveled from north to south exclusively by ferries. This presented a huge problem for all the people of China. Travelers from Beijing to Guangzhou by rail had to stop in Hanyang, cross the river on the ferry, and then take the train again. The construction of bridges across the Yangtze River began after the formation of the PRC in 1949 with joint cooperation with Soviet engineers. In 1957, the opening of the first bridge across the Golden Pond took place. The development of China's economy and industry has accelerated the construction of other bridges both in the main direction and in the tributaries of the river. The most important road-rail bridges were built between 1960-1990: Chongqing (1959, 1980), Nanjing (1968), Zhicheng (1971), Jiujiang (1992, expansion of the Beijing Jiujiang railway), Wuhan (1995, 6 bridges and 1 tunnel for today). Suspension and screw bridges of China simply violated all conceivable and unthinkable laws of nature: jiangying suspension bridge(1999, 1385 m, the longest in the world), Junyang Bridge (2005, 1490 m), Sutong Bridge (2008, 1088 m) ... Currently, a tunnel has been built through the longest river between the city of Yibin (upper) and the city of Shanghai (downstream): a great work of engineering that allows people, economies and industries to develop rapidly. At the moment, the construction of bridges continues, China wants to take the maximum for the development of transport and industry.

water network

As the largest river in China and even Asia, the Changjiang, popularly called the "Yangtze River", is generally divided into three different streams from west to east, flourishing in different ways. From the upstream to the middle and downstream, Changjiang is a wonder of nature, one of the favorite tourist destinations.

upstream

The Yangtze (Changjiang) River originates from the Tibetan plateau in Qinghai and flows to the first large municipal city of Chongqing. Along the course of the river are high mountains, deep gorges and various tribes, the river flows through 5 out of 11 provinces ( Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province and Chongqing city). In the South-Western region, one of the best places for mountaineering, here tourists can find many hidden roads, shoals, rapids and marvelous mountainous terrain. Along the way, there are such famous cities as ancient city of lijiang in Yunnan city Yibin in Sichuan and the city chongqing. At the head of the river rise Yalung Tsangpo Grand Canyon(Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai) and Leaping Tiger Gorge, protected by UNESCO (Yunnan).

  • On the border between Tibet and Sichuan

Originating at 6,621 m (21,720 ft) above sea level in the glacier region of Mount Gelandong, the highest point of the Tangla Range in the Himalayas, the river flows east through the Yushu Tibet Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. Known as the "Tongtian River" (Road to Heaven) or the "Jinsha River" (Golden Sands), the river rises to its highest elevation of 5,000 m (16,500 ft) above sea level in this area. The pride of this place is the Yalung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, located in Pai Township in Menling County, southeastern Tibet (504.6 km long and 2268 m deep). The canyon is considered one of the most beautiful and incredible Grand Canyons in China, second only to the Grand Canyon in Colorado (USA). Further sharply descending downstream to the city of Sichuan and the province of Yunnan, the river forms a natural border between Tibet and two Chinese provinces.

  • At the origins of Yunnan

In the northwest of Yunnan province, the river is called the "Jinsha River". To see the most impressive scenery of Yunnan, it is necessary to visit the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan, as this place was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003 for its fabulous roads, trails, gorges and rapids, here is the First Turn of the Yangtze River, Tiger Leaping Gorge (gorge Hutiao) and Jade Dragon Mountain (3,800 m (12,500 ft)). One of the deepest gorges in the world, Tiger Leaping Gorge is considered one of the 5 most beautiful gorges in China, located near the amazing city of Lijiang. Clean air and beautiful landscapes are a gem for all tourists and outdoor enthusiasts who are not used to staying at home and want to test themselves and the rocks.

  • From Yunnan to eastern Sichuan

At 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above sea level, the river emerges from Leaping Tiger Gorge in Sichuan province, dropping another 300 m before entering the city of Yibin in eastern Sichuan. This is where the upper course of the Yangtze River ends.

middle course

The middle course of the Yangtze River starts at the East Sichuan Plateau and flows for 2,000 km (1,200 miles). Further, the waters of the Yangtze through lakes, streams and a system of gorges similar to canyons, among which Three Gorges of the Yangtze, flow to the valleys in the province Hubei. The river system in the middle reaches is very well developed, so the now world-famous dam was built here. Three Gorges. The Jing River, as the Yangtze River is called here, will present you with extraordinary beauty of scenic spots and landscapes.

  • Yibin, the first major city on the Yangtze River

The first major city on the Yangtze River is Yibin City. It is located at the confluence of the Min River (Sichuan Province) and the Yangtze River (called Jinsha). Jinsha is one of the names of the Yangtze River in its upper reaches. The city of Yibin (宜宾) has served as a starting point for ships on the Silk Road since ancient times. The middle course of the river is rich in natural scenery and attractions, including the Eight Immortal Mountains, Bowan Mountain, Golden Autumn Lake, Forgotten Sorrow Valley, and Bamboo Ocean in South Sichuan. The Min River is also home to the UNESCO heritage-listed Dujiangyan Irrigation System, the oldest irrigation system built in 256 BC. e. during the reign of the Qin Dynasty (778 BC - 207 AD). Today it is recognized as the oldest non-irrigated dam system in the world.

  • From Chongqing to Yichang

Chongqing is one of the most important municipal cities in China, as well as the country's largest inland port. As the starting point for a downstream Yangtze River cruise, Chongqing, by far one of China's most prosperous industrial centers, opens the way to the country's westernmost region. Chongqing Attractions: Undoubtedly the ghost town of Fengdu, the Little Three Gorges, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze are some of the most picturesque and impressive gorges on earth. During one of the stops on the Yangtze River cruise, there will be the Three Gorges Dam, located upstream of the city of Yichang, the world's largest dam and hydroelectric power station. The dam is 181 m high, 2335 m long, 40 m wide at the top and 115 m (377 ft) at the base. Recognized as the most effective flood control dam, the Three Gorges simply mocks the laws of nature, it is able to withstand the 7.0 Richter scale earthquake that often occurs in this part of China.

  • From Yichang to Wuhan, via Hubei Province

Yichang-Wuhan is one of the most popular destinations for a cruise on the Yangtze River. Located at an altitude of 1,600 km (990 miles) from the East China Sea, Yichang is a supply port for ocean-going ships and river steamers. Other attractions include the Shennong Mountain River with its steep canyon, crystal clear waters and karst landscapes, and the Gezhou Dam. This shorter, wider dam was built before the Three Gorges dam. It is located downstream of the Yangtze near the city of Yichang.

downstream

Last but not least on the mighty Yangtze River, the lower reaches connect Yichang in central Hubei with Shanghai and the East China Sea. It was from here that the name of the river itself came from, initially only the lower course was called the Yangtze, but thanks to the mistake of missionaries and merchants, the name of the Yangtze wandered through the whole river. The Chinese call the area on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River "the land of fish and rice." In this lowland region, there are many lakes that are connected by canals. It is one of the most densely populated, most fertile, and most abundant regions in China. A zone extending from major seaports such as Yichang, Wuhan, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Shanghai Municipality. This low-lying area is connected to the Grand Canal in the cities of the Jiangnan region (Wuxi, Suzhou, Hangzhou) and northern China (Beijing). The main attraction - Yellow Mountain (Mount Huangshan) entered the top ten tourist destinations in China.

  • Hubei. East to West

Hubei is a province of Central China famous for the fact that the Yangtze River crosses it from east to west. The main attraction, of course, is the Three Gorges Dam. En route to Anhui Province, the Yangtze makes a stop in the big city of Wuhan, one of China's most developed and industrialized cities. Here are some of the most impressive bridges across the great Yangtze River. Many plains and lakes, among which Jianghan Plains, Dongting Plains, Hong Lake Plains and Boyang Lakes, in Jiangxi Province are the most important and famous. Many tributaries of the Yangtze lie in the lower reaches of the river (Qingge River, Shuiyang River, Qinhuai River and Huangpu River), which is the reason for the region's wealth and agriculture).

  • Key artery for cruising and cargo

Leaving the huge city of Wuhan, we reach the middle of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the landscape of which is simply amazing in its beauty. The region is mainly focused on agriculture, huge volumes of rice and cotton are produced here. Anhui Province, on the border with the Yangtze, is considered an economically prosperous and highly developed region. Although, due to extreme climatic conditions and dams located upstream of the river, the region often suffers from drought. The most famous attraction in Anhui Province is without a doubt the Scenic Area Yellow Mountains (Mount Huangshan) with its absolutely fantastic landscapes and legendary pages of Chinese history associated with the reign of the Yellow Emperor.

  • Where does the Great Yangtze River end?

Even though between Wuhan(Wuhan) and Nanjing(Nanjing) there are not many big cities, the mixture of nature, history and modernity will simply enchant with their complement each other. By the time the current reaches the province Jiangsu, the river approaches the region of its delta. It should be especially noted that here a territorially important area is formed in the form of a triangle, which includes Shanghai, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. In this exceptionally developed and famous area there are a lot of important and famous places for tourism. These are the most famous gardens of the imperial era in China in cities. hangzhou(Hangzhou) and Suzhou(Suzhou), and ancient cities on the water Zhouzhuang, Wuzhen, Xitang). The capital of Jiangsu Province, the ancient capital of China - Nanking due to its historical and cultural monuments, it is a must-see place. It is from here that the Yangtze River rapidly expands its course, revealing bridges and buildings that are of great economic value to the region. Yangzhou, the next city downstream, is historically one of the richest and most prosperous cities with magnificent lakes and gardens ever to exist in China.

The longest river in Asia great river or simply the Yangtze preserves the best landscapes on earth from time immemorial. The cradle of Chinese civilization, the Yangtze River is a wonder of nature and the great pride of the Chinese people.

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