Description of combat pistols and revolvers and their design features

PISTOL(French - pistolet, German - Pistole, Czech pist "ala - pipe or handgun), individual firearms. Pistols subdivided: by purpose, into combat, sports and signal; by design - for non-automatic and automatic (single and continuous fire).
Pistols combat (military) - are personal weapons and are intended to defeat enemy manpower at short distances (up to 50-70m); for individual samples, supplied with a butt when firing, the aiming range of fire is 200 m ..
Pistol- as a rule, self-loading weapons; from some pistols along with single shooting automatic fire is provided for in short bursts when firing with an attached holster-butt. Pistol automation is based on the use of recoil or barrel recoil with a short stroke.

For pistol shooting, pistol cartridges with a blunt bullet are used, which provide a strong stopping effect, immediately making it impossible to wield a weapon and move. Cartridges are fed from a flat box-shaped magazine located in the pistol grip and quickly replaced after the cartridges are used up. There are also pistols with an integral magazine, loaded with cartridges using a clip. The self-cocking trigger mechanism provides a quick opening of fire without pre-cocking the trigger.
The civilian models of pistols that are common abroad compared to the military ones are considered more convenient to carry in your pocket, they have less weight (350-400 g), starting speed bullet flight, accuracy and stopping power. Their caliber is usually from 6.5 mm ..
Pistols sports are intended for sports purposes and training in marksmanship. They are distinguished by a long sighting line (the distance between the front sight and the whole), high accuracy of battle, and a comfortable handle. They are usually designed for special low-power cartridges with a small-caliber lead bullet.
Pistols signal - smooth-bore non-automatic, designed for firing signal and lighting cartridges.
Pistols with a wheel lock appeared in the 16th century, in the 17th century. spread pistols with a flintlock, in the 19th century. - with capsule. Until the middle of the 19th century. pistols, as a rule, were smooth-bore and loaded from the muzzle of the barrel.
In the 50s. 19th century pistols in most armies gave way to more advanced weapons - rifled revolvers.
The invention of smokeless powder (80s of the 19th century) and the use of a unitary cartridge with a metal sleeve made it possible to create automatic pistols with a higher rate of fire than revolvers.

With the advent of automatic pistols (1893) and their development in the first half of the 20th century. the revolvers that were in service with the armies were gradually forced out.
The first Soviet model of an automatic pistol, put into service in 1930, was a self-loading 7.62-mm pistol designed by F. V. Tokarev (TT). After the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Army received more advanced 9-mm pistols - a self-loading design by N. F. Makarov (PM) and an automatic design by I. Ya. Stechkin (APS).

Soviet military encyclopedia
Gnatovsky N.I.

Which is used not only by the military and special forces, but also by ordinary citizens for sports shooting or self-defense. The pistol is a short-barreled weapon that can fire effectively at a distance of up to 50 meters. Most modern pistols in the world are rifled, self-loading and, as a rule, non-automatic weapons. A pistol magazine usually has a capacity of 5 to 8 rounds. However, for some models, this figure reaches two dozen. In this article, we will consider the best pistols in the world.

History reference

Before discussing 10 best pistols world, let's briefly look at the history of this type of weapon. In the form to which we are accustomed, pistols appeared in the 20th century. However, their first prototypes were used five centuries earlier. The very first models were equipped with a matchlock, which was later replaced with a wheel lock, and even later with a flintlock. They had only one charge, weighed quite a lot and required a lot of time to recharge. In this regard, revolvers became widespread in the second half of the 19th century. But by the end of the same century, pistols regained their primacy thanks to the creation of multi-shot models that had a good rate and accuracy of fire. After the First World War, the era of rapid development of multi-shot pistols began. It continues to this day.

Since the appearance of the first multi-shot pistols, a huge number of successful (and not quite) models have been produced. Today, dozens of countries around the world are developing and producing military, sports, hunting and civilian pistols. Thousands of talented engineers are working to create a revolutionary pistol.

It must be admitted that the question of which gun is better often causes lively discussions among both experts and ordinary people. There are too many parameters by which you can evaluate and compare weapons. Our rating "The best pistols in the world: top 10" includes models from different countries and times. The evaluation criterion was not only the technical and combat characteristics of the pistol, but also the uniqueness of its design, as well as the reputation of gunsmith experts. The review involved combat models, as well as samples for self-defense. Pneumatic and sporting weapons were not included in it. So let's start our review.

10. APS - Stechkin automatic pistol

The rating “The Best Pistols of the World” opens with the famous Stechkin pistol in our latitudes, which was created in the USSR in the late 40s of the last century. The weapon works with a 9x18 cartridge. Automation is arranged on the principle of a free shutter. APS was very popular in the Soviet countries, but it was not well received abroad. Home hallmark models became the ability to conduct automatic fire, which is very unusual for pistols. The wooden holster of the APS, if desired, the shooter could serve as a butt. The pistol magazine contained 20 rounds, which also deserves respect.

The APS was developed for special forces, but did not last long in service. Among the main disadvantages of the pistol, it is worth noting the bulkiness and solid weight. Because of them, it was unsuitable for concealed permanent wear. Nevertheless, the Stechkin pistol took part in dozens of conflicts during the Cold War and visited various hot spots in the expanses of the former USSR.

9 Desert Eagle

The ninth place in our ranking was given to a model whose name translates as "Desert Eagle". Many consider it to be the most powerful handgun in the world. It was developed in the late 80s by an Israeli-American team of engineers. The weapon works with a very solid cartridge of 12.7 mm caliber and is positioned as a hunting one.

"Desert Eagle" is not in service with the army and is not used by special services. The military does not use the model because of its bulkiness, impressive weight, strong recoil and deafening sound of a shot. By last reason weapons are not used in indoor ranges. In addition, the model is not sufficiently reliable and sensitive to contamination. Where she really excelled is in cinematography. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most recognizable pistols in the world. In our latitudes, the Desert Eagle is a real rarity.

8. Walther PP/PPK

This German pistol can truly be called one of the most successful and popular. Proof of this is the many copies of weapons that are produced around the world. It is one of the first mass-produced pistols to feature a double-action trigger mechanism. The release of "Walter" was launched in 1929. Initially, the model was developed as a weapon for the police, but later tankers, pilots and sailors began to actively use it as a personal weapon.

In the 60s mass production the pistol was renewed. It continues to this day. Now it is officially produced not only in Germany, but also in the USA. In total, more than a million copies were produced. In fact, even the notorious Soviet Makarov pistol is a replica of the "Walter".

7. FN Five-seven

In seventh place is the Belgian pistol of Fabrique Nationale, created in the late 90s. It was positioned by the creators as an addition to the R-90 submachine gun. This determines the main characteristics of the model. It works with a unique armor-piercing cartridge of 5.7x28 mm caliber. Thanks to the pointed bullet, this projectile can cope with most modern bulletproof vests. The model is popular and in demand among special forces soldiers. She is very fond of the American military. And in recent years, the FN Five-seven has become in demand in the civilian market. The pistol managed to take part in several military conflicts, where it showed itself perfectly.

6. TT (Tulsky, Tokarev)

Of course, this is a legendary model. It was developed by the outstanding Soviet gunsmith Tokarev in the early 30s. The TT pistol faithfully served the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. In the post-war period, it was also used in all armed conflicts. The model is popular in the expanses of the former USSR today. The weapon is easy to maintain and operate and is very reliable. It works with a very powerful cartridge of 7.63x25 mm caliber. Not every bulletproof vest can withstand a hit by a TT pistol. The model has a very small size, which contributes to its convenient concealed carry. The only gripe that causes TT, concerns its ergonomics.

On this model, the first five of the "Best Pistols in the World" rating ends. Let's move on to the top five.

5.CZ-75/85

This model is one of the most successful Czech-made pistols. The pistol was created in the 80s chambered for 9x19 mm. The model gained popularity in the West due to ergonomics, simplicity and reliability of the design. The CZ-75/85 has excellent aiming range. And his bullet has a high penetrating and stopping effect. In terms of sales, the Czech pistol is practically not inferior to the Colts. However, in our latitudes it is practically unknown.

4. Heckler & Koch USP

The model was released in the early 90s by the famous German company Heckler & Koch. In 1993, she entered service with the Bundeswehr. During the release of the pistol, he received quite a few modifications. Due to its reliability, unpretentiousness and accuracy, the pistol is considered one of the best for police and special forces soldiers. Heckler & Koch USP is not afraid of cold and heat, it is resistant to dirt and mechanical damage. The pistol is used by special units in Germany, America, Italy, France, Poland, Ukraine and Japan. The main design features are a polymer frame and a buffer system that reduces friction. If desired, the user of Heckler & Koch USP can quickly change the caliber.

3. Beretta 92

Here we come to the top three. The third place in our rating was won by the legendary Beretta. Pistol caliber 9x19 mm, was created by the oldest European arms company. In 1980, he entered service. The quality of the weapon is evidenced by the fact that in 1985 its modification with the F index partially replaced the Colt M1911 in the American armed forces. "Beretta" is also in service Israeli army. Every year, about 100 thousand copies of weapons of different versions roll off the assembly line.

The pistol is very popular both in military circles and in the civilian market. Among its advantages it is worth noting: ergonomics, good balance, high precision and intensity of fire. Thanks to the double-sided safety, the pistol can be used comfortably with two hands. The Beretta bullet has a very solid penetrating and stopping effect. There are also disadvantages: big weight, sensitivity to dirt and a thick handle that is uncomfortable for users with short fingers.

2 Colt M1911

In second place in the ranking of "The Best Pistols in the World" is the legendary creation of the brilliant gunsmith John Browning - "Colt M1911". This pistol was created before the First World War. Surprisingly, it is used by the US military to this day. At the same time, the pistol survived only one significant modification, back in 1926. In general, in the entire history of the Colt M1911, quite a few different versions of short-barreled weapons were created on its basis.

During the First and Second World Wars, this pistol was supplied to Russia. FROM American army In addition to these wars, he fought battles in Korea and Vietnam, as well as other conflicts during the Cold War.

The pistol is chambered in 11.43x23. Its automation is based on the principle of recoil with a short barrel stroke. The pistol is equipped with a single-action trigger mechanism, which is considered one of its main drawbacks. Some consider a large weight and dimensions to be a disadvantage of weapons. Nevertheless, this does not prevent the model from holding the title of the most famous and deserved pistol of the 20th century.

1. Glock 17

Here it is, the best pistol in the world. Glock 17 is not just a pistol, it is a whole milestone in the development of handguns. The model works on cartridges of caliber 9x19 mm Parabellum. Automation is arranged on the principle of recoil of the barrel with a short stroke. The history of the creation of the pistol deserves special attention. In 1980, a competition was organized to create a self-loading pistol for the Austrian police and army. Glock GmbH decided to take part in the competition, which at that time was engaged in the production and supply of infantry shovels, bayonet-knives and other ammunition not related to weapons to the army. Naturally, no one took seriously the company's application for participation. Nevertheless, according to the test results, the Glock 17 pistol was able to win the competition and was soon put into service in Austria. Since then, four generations of the pistol have been created and put on the conveyor. To date, the model is in service with more than three dozen countries.

In the design of the pistol, almost everywhere (except for the main components) polyamide is used - a heat-resistant and impact-resistant plastic. It makes the weapon very strong, light and resistant to corrosion. But it is worth recognizing that with prolonged use of the gun, the plastic still gives microcracks. The weapon shows excellent results in terms of accuracy and accuracy of fire. It is very convenient to operate and maintain, and easy to disassemble. Since the gun does not have a safety catch, the time to actuate it is minimal. Another interesting feature is the fact that the Glock 17 can be fired underwater without any problems. The only thing you need to do for this is to put a special drummer.

We reviewed the most famous and powerful pistols peace. Now let's get acquainted with the leaders in other categories.

The smallest pistol in the world

The smallest firearm can be confused with a toy. This is a revolver that was created by the Swiss watchmaker Paul Erard. The height of the weapon is only 3 cm, and the width is 0.3 cm. Bullets with a caliber of 2.34 mm were specially created for it. In terms of the power of the shot, the pistol is weaker than standard samples by about 10 times. However, a license is required to purchase it. For its size, the pistol entered the Guinness Book of Records in the nomination "The smallest pistols in the world." A photo of a gun is more like a keychain than a weapon.

The best traumatic gun

All famous pistols in the world have their traumatic copies. The very best of traumatic pistols considered Grand Power T12. It duplicates the Grand Power K100 combat model. The pistol is distinguished by a high level of ergonomics and impressive power. It allows you to conduct aimed fire at distances over ten meters. The weapon works with cartridges of caliber 10x28. The store holds 17 of these shells. The main controls are located on both sides, so the gun is equally convenient to use both right-handed and left-handed.

In the vastness of the network, they often argue about which of the known pistols is the best. This is a very difficult question, because they all have different structural elements. I suggest you familiarize yourself with the rating of the Top 10 best pistols in the world.

So, the top 10 best pistols in the world.

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10. Stechkin Pistol (APS) Our top 10 opens with a pistol made in the Soviet Union in the late 40s. APS uses a cartridge 9 × 18 mm PM, its automation works on the principle of free shutter. This pistol is very popular in Russia and other former Soviet republics, but abroad it is usually criticized. A feature of the Stechkin pistol is the ability to fire from it automatically, which is somewhat unusual for this type of weapon. The pistol holster can be used as a stock. The standard magazine capacity of the pistol is 20 rounds. The APS was designed for special services, but it was very quickly removed from service. The disadvantage of the pistol was its excessive weight and bulkiness - it was not very suitable for covert and constant wear, but as military weapons APS was not powerful enough. However, despite this, it was used in dozens of conflicts of the period cold war and in hot spots on the territory of the former Soviet Union.

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9. Desert Eagle In ninth place is the Desert Eagle pistol ("Desert Eagle"), which is considered one of the most powerful pistols in the world. It was developed in the early 80s by a joint Israeli-American team chambered for a large caliber cartridge (up to 12.7 mm). The developers positioned their offspring as hunting weapon and a pistol for self-defense. Desert Eagle is not in service with any army in the world, it is not used in special services, but he is very fond of Hollywood directors. This is one of the most recognizable pistols in the world. Professionals do not use the Desert Eagle due to its excessive weight and bulkiness, in addition, the pistol has a monstrous recoil and a deafening sound of a shot (it is forbidden to use it in indoor shooting ranges). It should also be noted that this weapon is not very reliable, uses very expensive ammo and is sensitive to contamination.

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8. Walther PP / PPK One of the most famous and successful pistols, as evidenced by the large number of copies and clones of this weapon. The Walther RR was one of the first mass-produced pistols to use a double action trigger. It was developed in 1929 as a police pistol, but later Walther PP was widely used as a personal weapon for tankers, pilots and sailors. In the 60s of the last century, the mass production of this pistol was resumed and continues to this day. In addition, the pistol is produced under license in the United States. In total, more than a million copies of this weapon were produced. The Soviet PM is, in fact, a replica of this German pistol.

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7. FN Five-seveN (Belgium) In seventh place on our list is a pistol created by the Belgian gunsmiths of the Fabrique Nationale company in the late 90s, as an addition to the P90 submachine gun. This largely determines the characteristics of this weapon. The main thing is that it uses the same unique 5.7×28mm cartridge with a pointed bullet that can handle most body armor in existence today. The FN Five-seveN pistol is very popular among special forces soldiers, it is in great demand in the United States, and in recent years this weapon has been in increasing demand in the civilian market. This pistol was used in several wars and conflicts.

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6. TT (Tulsky, Tokareva) This legendary weapon, the first soviet pistol, developed by the weapons designer Tokarev in the early 30s. The TT pistol went along with the Red Army throughout the Great Patriotic War, was used in all conflicts of the post-war period, it is popular in Russia today. This is a simple and reliable weapon that uses a powerful 7.62×25mm TT cartridge. Not every bulletproof vest is able to resist him. The TT has a relatively small size, it is convenient for covert carrying, although there are complaints about the ergonomics of the pistol.

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5. CZ-75/85 One of the most successful creations of Czech gunsmiths, which deservedly takes the fifth place in our rating. The pistol was created back in the 80s of the last century chambered for 9x19 mm. Convenience, reliability and simplicity of design brought this weapon great popularity in the west. The CZ-75/85 has an excellent aiming range, the pistol bullet has good penetrating power and sufficient stopping power. In terms of the number of copies sold, the CZ-75/85 is not much inferior to the Colts. This weapon is not very common in Russia.

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4. Heckler&Koch USP This pistol is made by the famous German company Heckler & Koch in the early 90s. In 1993, he was adopted by the Bundeswehr. Has a large number of modifications. The Heckler & Koch USP pistol is considered one of the most successful developments for special and police units. It is very reliable, unpretentious, and has good shooting accuracy. The gun can be used in any conditions - it is not afraid of either heat or cold, it is insensitive to dirt and falls. Heckler&Koch USP use special units Germany, USA, Italy, France, Ukraine, Poland and Japan. Of the design features, it should be noted a polymer frame and a proprietary buffer system to reduce friction. A quick caliber change is possible.

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3. Beretta 92 One of the best pistols in the world, created by the oldest European weapons company. The pistol was adopted in 1980 and uses the 9x19mm cartridge. The quality of this weapon is evidenced by the fact that in 1985 a modification of this Beretta 92F pistol was adopted as a standard weapon (instead of the Colt M1911) in the US armed forces. The Beretta 92 is also in service with the IDF. About 100 thousand of these pistols of various modifications are produced every year. There are a large number of modifications of this pistol, it is very recognizable and popular in the civilian market. The advantages of the Beretta 92 pistol include its excellent ergonomics, good balance, which ensures high accuracy and accuracy of fire. The location of the fuse allows you to shoot both right and left handed. The bullet has sufficient penetration and stopping power. Among the shortcomings, one can note the rather large weight of the gun and its sensitivity to contamination. A too thick handle is not very convenient for people with short fingers.

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2. Colt M1911 In second place in our top 10 is legendary pistol, created by the brilliant gunsmith John Browning before the start of the First World War and is in service with the US Army today. This pistol survived only one notable upgrade in 1926, a large number of models and modifications were created based on the Colt M1911. This pistol was supplied to Russia during the First World War, and then under Lend-Lease during the Great Patriotic War. With the American army, he went through both world wars, Korea, Vietnam and all other conflicts of the Cold War period. The Colt M1911 uses the .45 ACP cartridge (11.43×23 mm), its automatics work by recoil with a short barrel stroke. The pistol has a single action trigger, which is often called one of its main drawbacks. Sometimes they also include the large weight and dimensions of the Colt M1911. However, despite some shortcomings, the Colt M1911 is the most famous and well-deserved pistol of the last century. For this alone, he deserves the highest place in our ranking.

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1. Glock 17 Pistol, which is in first place in our top 10, was a real milestone in the development of short-barreled firearms. The Glock 17 is chambered in 9x19mm Parabellum and uses a short recoil mechanism. The history of the creation of the pistol is very interesting. In 1980, a competition was announced for the creation of a self-loading pistol for the needs of the Austrian army and police. Among others, an unknown company Glock GmbH took part in it, which had previously been supplying bayonet-knives, sapper shovels and other ammunition to the army, but had never been associated with weapons. Nevertheless, according to the results of the tests, it was the Glock 17 pistol that was recognized as the best and put into service. Since then, four generations of the pistol have been created and put into mass production. In addition to the Austrian army, the Glock 17 is in service with the armed forces and law enforcement more than thirty countries of the world. The design of the pistol actively uses impact-resistant and heat-resistant plastic (polyamide), which makes the Glock 17 very durable and lightweight. Also, thanks to this, the gun is very resistant to corrosion, however, with prolonged and intensive use, plastic inevitably gives microcracks. The gun has excellent accuracy and accuracy, it is very convenient, easy to disassemble. characteristic feature of this pistol is that it does not have a safety catch at all. Therefore, the time to bring it into combat position is minimal. The Glock 17 can even be fired underwater and the barrel won't rupture or swell. True, for this you need to use a special drummer.

When considering pistols for the title of the best in the world, first of all, the impact on the world market, the revolutionary nature of the design and the mass use were taken into account. The review was attended by all representatives of the global pistol market - military, hunting, sports and civilian samples. Due to the fact that many pistols are modifications of one specific model, this pistol model will also receive a place in the ranking.

1. Glock series pistols

With the advent of these pistols, a new era in the development of firearms personal weapons begins. The absolute champion of recent decades, in terms of the number of modifications and other pistols modeled on the Glock, few people will compete with him from modern pistols. Main differences:
- excellent reliability;
- polymer frame;
- increased ammunition;
- USM with non-stop effort on the trigger;
- without external fuse;
- many modifications for a wide range of ammunition.

2. Colt pistols, in particular the Colt M1911A1

The "oldest" pistol in service was created by designer D. Browning. played leading role in the development of pistols. Today it is the most massive pistol in the world, has the widest number of different clones. Key Features:
- automation with a short stroke of the barrel;
- locking at the top of the barrel with 2 lugs;
- the use of a steel earring to disengage the bolt and barrel;
- trigger USM with an open single-action trigger;
- non-automatic fuse on the frame;
- automatic fuse - a key on the back side of the handle;
- shop of single-row execution in a handle;

Latch for the store, made like a button;
- used caliber 45 APC.
Since we have already mentioned D. Browning, truly the greatest weapons designer, we will share second place with the Browning “Hi-Power” pistol. The gun was created after the death brilliant designer, but according to his drawings. The gun turned out to be so successful that at one time various modifications this pistol formed the basis of military personal weapons in many countries of the world.

3. Pistols CZ-75/85

Undoubtedly, the best creation of Czech gunsmiths. Although the pistol was created in the 80s, it received the greatest fame in Western countries. The highest indicators of reliability, convenience, as well as the simplicity of the design itself brought the Czech pistol a well-deserved success. In terms of the number of clones produced, it is second only to the pistols of the Colt series. Key Features:
- the shutter moves along the guides inside the frame;
- USM is structurally assembled as a separate unit.

4. Pistol Desert Eagle "Mk XIX"

Created by American and finalized by Israeli designers. It was the first and for today the only, high-quality and powerful pistol. Oddly enough, the gun gained popularity in the civilian arms market. If other pistols first conquered paramilitary units and only then conquered the rest, then the powerful Desert Eagle, thanks to computer games and world cinema, quickly won the hearts of all connoisseurs of powerful personal weapons. The Desert Eagle variant with 50 AE ammunition is today one of the most powerful mass-produced self-loading pistols. The design of the weapon is quite original. Feature - a gas exhaust motor circuit is used.

5. Stechkin pistol

Domestic APS Stechkin - an original development, a distinctive feature of the pistol is the butt-holster, docked to the pistol. Definitely one of the best domestic pistols. But as the saying goes, you were not born there. It is quite possible that if such a pistol appeared in the USA, he would now be in the top three. Key Features:
- increased firepower;
- increased efficiency due to a capacious store;
- firing not only with single shots, but also with bursts;
- the pistol is provided with a slower rate of fire;
- reduced sound from a shot compared to conventional pistols.

6. Remington XP-100 pistol

fundamental and constructive new gun for sports and hunting. Roughly speaking, a sawn-off pistol-type rifle. He made a huge contribution to the development of pistols of this type. Pistols based on the design and principles of the Remington XP-100 are the most popular pistols for long range hunting and sport shooting. It was these pistols that led to the next decision - the use optical sights on various pistols. Key Features:
-use of a rifle cartridge as ammunition;
- shortened rifle bolt;
- original and comfortable, fully plastic pistol stock;
- firing from the right and left hands;
- empty space in front of the gun holds up to 5 rounds of ammunition.
Sixth place in the ranking went to the pistol Thompson - Center Contender. Another pistol for hunting and shooting. In fact, it is the ancestor of hunting with a pistol. It is still considered a cult example of a hunting pistol. The main feature is the extraordinary ease of changing the barrel, which made it possible to use a variety of ammunition.

7. Pistol Heckler & Koch USP

One of the most successful developments of pistols for special and police units. The polymer frame and Browning-Peter system locking gave excellent results. Due to its features, it has become widely used around the world. Key Features:
- USM double or double - single action;
- to reduce the friction force, a proprietary buffer system is used;
- characterized by extremely unpretentious conditions of use, is not afraid of heat, cold, dirt and falls;
- quick change of caliber is possible.

8. Pistol Taurus PT-111 "Millenium Titanium"

This pocket pistol made it into our ranking for its exceptional combination of power and increased ammo capacity. The small size, combined with the features of the pistol, greatly expanded the scope of its application. Key Features:
- constant readiness for use;
- ammunition 9x19 Parabellum;
- the use of titanium in the design of the gun;
— ammunition 12 rounds.

9. Pistol Walther PP/PPK

Developed as a police pistol. Became one of the early pistols to receive USM. Has a large number of clones. By the way, domestic PM is one of them. He received well-deserved success not only in the military, but also in the civilian market.

10. PSS pistol

Closes our rating is an extremely amazing pistol of domestic production. Silent and self-loading, this gun does not use a silencer and is unparalleled in the world. The main feature is the use special cartridge, in which the powder gases are cut off inside the sleeve, due to which the clap of the shot sounds no stronger than the usual clap of the hands. Again, the trouble with this pistol is that it was not born there. Not having received wide application, PSS could not achieve great results in our rating. Key Features:
- ammunition special SP-4;
- small dimensions;
- original design;
- low weight.

Well, in conclusion, I would like to say a few words about the GSh-18 pistol. Excellent domestic development of personal weapons. The gun is capable of reaching high altitudes in the arms market. But he “does not shine” in the leaders of the best pistols in the world - the pistol is not a completely original development, but there is a variation of the Glock pistol. Perhaps the next modification of the GSh-18 pistol will bring him well-deserved fame and honor.

The exact date of creation of the firearm small arms under the name of the gun is unknown. place of creation too. According to modern researchers, the word "pistol" has French roots, and according to other sources - Slavic. "Pishchal" is nothing but a pipe. It was metal tubes that were used to make the first small arms.

Danila climbed into the attic of an abandoned house in Manhattan with a backpack. Desolation reigned around, so necessary today. He took out a piece of wood, picked up on the street, a coil of wire and a copper pipe. With the help of a knife, he made a primitive bed, fitted the pipe and tightly tied it with wire. Tightly clamped the back end, making a small hole in it. Then he stuffed the pipe with a mixture of saltpeter, manganese and sulfur, poured nail scraps on top. The pistol was ready!

Many people remember the scene from the movie Brother 2, but not everyone knows that the first real pistol had a similar origin story.

Things of bygone days

Miniature copies of muskets became widespread in the 15th century AD. According to reports, the trendsetters were Italians (from the city of Pistoia, which is an additional argument), but this is only one of the versions.

Most likely, they simply put production on stream. But, in any case, soon the brilliant French nobles began to actively shoot rivals in the boudoir of Parisian beauties.

This innovation, the ancestors of d'Artagnan, borrowed from German mercenaries captured by the troops of Henry II in the battle with the Italian troops at Ranti in 1554.

At that time, the weapon was equipped with a matchlock fuse (or lock), and although it was more comfortable to wear, it did not load much faster.

Most often, pistols were used by cavalrymen, holsters with loaded pistols were hung from the saddle.

The next step

In the 16th century, the wick, which was inconvenient and dangerous to use, was replaced by a wheel mechanism (according to legend, Leonardo da Vinci himself had a hand in creating such mechanisms). The construction was started with a key.

This made it possible to avoid misfires, but complicated the loading process. Despite the simplification of the design, over time, wheel locks remained extremely complex and expensive to manufacture, therefore, despite their reliability, they gradually gave way to other methods of ignition.

It is worth noting that some of the pistols already at that time acquired a semblance of unitary cartridges, not the pistols themselves were loaded, but separately inserted charging chambers, to reload such a pistol, it was only necessary to change the chamber and cock the mechanism with a key.

In the 17th century, the wheeled mechanism was replaced by a flintlock mechanism, the essence of which was to hit the trigger on the flint in the castle.

The carved spark ignited the gunpowder fuse in the breech (in fairness, such a mechanism was originally tested on guns). The pistols were, of course, smoothbore. Although there were also rifled ones, but in this case they were made by masters, and therefore extremely rare.

Already at the beginning of the 19th century, a primer appeared, a cap with a flammable composition. In view of this, the flintlock mechanism left the stage, since ignition using a primer was more convenient and faster. Initially smooth-bore, with the development of industry, pistols also received rifled barrels, which made it possible to improve the accuracy of the battle and increase the effective firing range.

Since the middle of the twentieth century, weapons - pistols and revolvers have taken another step towards increasing the rate of fire and multiply charged.

Pistols and revolvers

The desire for rate of fire led to the creation of a revolver. The first samples were created in the 16th century. The essence of the invention was the use of a rotating (translation of the word revolver) drum with charges.

But, in the presence of a flintlock, it was cumbersome and had the same problem with the constant addition of gunpowder to special shelf did not provide for ignition of the main charge and continuous firing.

The time for revolvers came in the 19th century.

At the beginning of the century, officer Artemas Wheeler of the United States officially documents the invention of a pistol with a drum and a flintlock. A little later, the Englishman Collier in London presents an improved model.

The presence of a powerful spring in the form of a plate (the prototype of a mainspring) pushed the drum tightly and prevented the breakthrough of powder gases. A gun with a similar reloading mechanism was also introduced.

This weapon was interesting, but too expensive and did not receive wide distribution in Europe.

However, design features were taken into account by gunsmiths.

With the invention of the primer, which ensures relatively continuous firing and machine-tool production of weapon components, which greatly simplified and reduced the cost of work.

In 1836, a certain Mr. Pearson sold the invention of a pistol with a revolving mechanism for feeding cartridges to Colonel S. Colt in the same USA. Samuel set up mass production of capsule revolvers, known today as the Colt "Peacemaker", and forever remained in the memory of grateful mankind.

Soon, American revolvers replaced similar single-shot types of weapons throughout the world. In the modern USA, there is a proverb about this - “God created people as they are, and only Colonel Colt made them equal”

Self-loading competitors

The hegemony of revolvers was interrupted by the invention of a semi-automatic type of reloading. In weapons using innovation, the cartridge was fed from the box magazine into the breech through the use of powder gases, rather than the physical rotation of the drum.

The first sample appeared in 1892 in Austria-Hungary, manufactured by the Steyer arms factory. Subsequently, he entered service with the cavalry units of the Austro-Hungarian army.

In the future, self-loading pistols took their, perhaps, the main place in the history of small arms. And now about the differences in designs.

Similarities and differences

Both types of weapons have a frame with a barrel, but unlike a revolver, self-loading pistol may have an unsecured (free) barrel. A case with a trigger mechanism is built into the frame. Revolvers do not have a bolt with a spring and other components (ejector, slide valve, etc.). Accordingly, an absolutely excellent mechanism for feeding cartridges.

For revolvers, the cartridges are in the chambers (special compartments) of the drum, and for self-loading (automatic) pistols in stores. The location of the store can be different, both in the handle and in a separate part of the weapon. Ammunition is supplied by powder gases.

Cartridge

Revolver cartridges are distinguished by the presence of a rim, and, as a rule, by increased power, since the placement in the drum chambers, without the presence of moving parts, limits the designer less in strength. But now these lines are blurring, revolvers can be designed for a pistol cartridge, but in this case, a complication of the drum is required to securely fix the cartridge in the chamber.

Pistol cartridges can vary in design, ranging from a concealed flange to a semi-protruding one, as flangeless cartridges are more suitable for use in box magazines. But at the same time, unlike revolving cartridges, the power of a pistol cartridge cannot be excessively increased, this will lead to rapid wear of the rubbing parts of the pistol.

The most famous pistol cartridges are used - the iconic US pistol - Colt M1911, cartridge 11.43 mm, pistol M9, Luger cartridge 9 mm Para, cartridge 9x18 mm PM.

Details

The biggest difference is in the cartridge feeding mechanism. Revolvers are equipped with drums, in which there are compartments for ammunition - chambers (it is not for nothing that the word revolver comes from the Latin revolvere - to rotate). On the first samples, the drum was set in motion manually (there are models of multi-barreled revolvers, where each chamber is a separate barrel).

With the invention of the leaf spring, rotation was provided by it when the muscular force was transmitted when the trigger was pulled.
The installation of the drum can be either fixed, on the axis in the frame, in this case, a device called the Abadi door is used for reloading, or a breaking design of the frame itself, in this case, reloading is carried out when the body of the weapon is broken.

Also, the drum can lean to the side, or even be removed from the frame. USM revolver can be both double and single action. In the first case, the shot is made only by pressing the trigger, single-action revolvers require a preliminary cocking of the trigger. This mechanism was used in the Colt "Peacemaker", for example, or in the soldier's Nagan mod. 1898.

Semi-automatic and automatic pistols use the energy of powder gases and recoil to recharge.

The pistol is fed from a magazine, which can be any according to the device, they are united only by the method of supplying a cartridge, one at a time and in turn.

Pistols, unlike revolvers, have a wide range of varieties and types. Mainly related to the placement and design of the store:

• Box-shaped, integral - Mauser C96 or Steyr 1912;
• Box-shaped, detachable in the handle - classic - Browning, Colt M1911, TT;
• Disc, increased volume - Borchard-Luger R.08;

At the same time, there are also extremely interesting examples of weapons, for example, the Mannlicher pistol arr. 1884, which has a single-action trigger.

Classics of the genre

Description and characteristics various kinds pistols and revolvers deserve not just articles, but multi-volume edition. Let's dwell on the most famous, being heard. The hit parade of famous models is opened by:

Lepages - French flintlock pistols designed by Jean Le Page, produced in sets. Obliged to all-Russian fame to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The fatal duel of the poet, interestingly, took place on primer pistols Karl Ulrich.

Colt is a surname that has become a household name for most revolvers. American pistols are an integral attribute of the weapons of the police of many countries, the most famous pistol is the design of Browning, but released by the Colt factory - M1911 caliber.45.

Other notable US revolvers and pistols:

• Smith-Wesson arr. 1871 (American revolver, which was in service with the Russian army, which is why it received the designation "Russian");
• Colt M1911 - it is this pistol (more precisely, its designer Joseph Moses Browning) that history owes to the main design features of self-loading pistols.

Nagant - a similar, but already European story. Patented by the Belgian gunsmiths - the Nagan brothers, the revolver entered service with some armies, thanks to one interesting novelty. Nagans solved the issue of a breakthrough of powder gases between the barrel and the revolver drum. The drum moved to the barrel before firing, and the muzzle of the cartridge case entered its channel.

German pistols are a whole galaxy in the universe of small arms. The first number was the Mauser S-96, mentioned above. But the German pistols of the Second World War of the Walter and Luger brands received the greatest popularity. Of course, these are also the names of the designers.

But, it is interesting that the Prabellum, which has become a symbol of the German army, is one of the Luger models. The modification for artillery units with long barrel.

Walter is better known as a James Bond weapon (PPK model), but in the modern world it is in demand, both in the army and in the police structures.

You can also talk about pistols of the USSR for a long time. The first model of combat pistols of the Land of Soviets was the famous TT (project by designer F.V. Tokarev), created in 1929 in order to replace samples foreign weapons.

Other classic models are the Makarov pistol (PM) and automatic pistol Stechkin systems (APS), which are in service with the army and power units.

At present, a number of bright and talented designers have stood out - Yarygin with his ПЯ ("Rook"), for example, in addition, pistols created by teams of authors - GSh-18 and others have also appeared.

Weapon schools in Switzerland, Austria and Italy are also known. Pistols Beretta, ZiG and Glock occupy the top-ranking of modern weapons.

Revolvers in the military departments have given way to pistols, but they are still widespread in the civilian market and in the police. Moreover, the French special forces use revolvers as an additional weapon, this is due to their high power and the fact that in the event of a misfire, the revolver does not require manipulation with jittering the shutter.

Our days

Among the variety of modern types of hand-held small arms, the two categories considered should already be distinguished, but within their framework there are samples that are different in purpose, caliber, methods of firing and aiming. Trends in the development of this type of small arms are mainly related to the requirements of army special forces, police and, in a number of countries, private use.

The main areas of development are recoil reduction when fired, ease of use, rate of fire, concealed carrying, the use of composite materials and alloys to reduce the mass of weapons, multiple charges, and full automatic firing. Keeping design features, pistols are becoming smaller and lighter.

In addition to combat, varieties of sports and hunting pistols and revolvers appeared.