Pistols of the new generation. What pistol will replace the legendary Makar? So what's up this time
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Over the past few decades, the topic of replacing the Makarov pistol in the arsenals of the army and law enforcement agencies has been regularly raised. This no longer fully meets modern requirements, and therefore it should be replaced by a more advanced model. However, recent attempts to create a new pistol have not always been successful. A new contender for the title of replacement for the PM is a promising self-loading pistol, known as the "Boa". It is already being tested, but its real prospects are still in question.
The development of a self-loading pistol with the code "Boa" began several years ago. The general public was told about the new project in 2016, when part of the development work had already been completed. At that time, the authors of the project gave him the most optimistic estimates and talked about the imminent start of the necessary tests and checks. However, over the past two and a half years, the situation around the new project has not fundamentally changed. This is cause for concern.
According to official data…
The existence of the Udav self-loading pistol project was announced in June 2016. The project was created by specialists from the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, and Dmitry Semizorov, General Director of the organization, spoke about it for the first time. According to the head of the institute, at that time work on the Udav product was in its final stages. Preliminary tests were carried out, according to the results of which fine-tuning was carried out. Also, prototypes were being prepared for future state tests.
One of the first prototypes of "Boa"
The new pistol is chambered for a high-powered 9x21mm cartridge, which should give it an advantage over existing designs such as the Makarov and Yarygin pistols. According to the plans of the developers, the new "Boa" in the future could become a replacement for the army PM and PYa.
In June 2016, it was argued that the promising "Boa" would have to enter the state tests in the very near future. This work was expected to be completed by the end of the year. It should be noted that information about the work on the topic "Boa constrictor" came only from the leadership of TsNIITochmash. The Ministry of Defense and other law enforcement agencies did not comment on these reports.
In August of the same year, D. Semizorov again told the domestic press about the progress of the promising project. He recalled the recent completion of the preliminary tests of the "Boa", and in the fall it was supposed to bring the product to the state. Completion of state tests was again planned for the end of the year. If the Ministry of Defense would make an appropriate decision, then the mass production of pistols could be launched as early as 2017.
The general director of the developer organization indicated that one of the main goals of the Boa constrictor project was to ensure a confident defeat of enemy manpower using individual armor protection equipment. In this regard, the well-known 9x21 mm cartridge was chosen for the pistol of the new model, which differs from other ammunition in increased power and an armor-piercing bullet. Previously, this cartridge was used with the SPS / SR-1 / Gyurza pistol. At the same time, the Boa constrictor project was not built on borrowed solutions, and some new ideas were used in its design.
In May 2018, the Kalashnikov profile magazine published an image of a new type of experimental pistol. In July, a snapshot of another prototype appeared at the disposal of the publication. The products differed markedly from each other, and it was about successively created samples and refinement of the basic design. At the same time, unfortunately, the exact technical characteristics of the weapon remained unknown. TsNIITochmash was in no hurry to publish such data, and therefore the press and weapon lovers had to rely only on their own estimates.
In October, the topic of the new project was again raised by the leadership of the developer organization. The new general director of TsNIITochmash, Albert Bakov, announced some information about the development of the Udava and plans for the near future. According to him, self-loading pistols have been submitted for state tests. A new stage of activities is being carried out at the training grounds of the Ministry of Defense. In accordance with the directive of the military department, the tests should be completed in December. After that, the Ministry of Defense will have to decide on the future fate of the new pistol - it can go into service.
In the wake of this news, interesting reports were published by Rossiyskaya Gazeta. It turned out that together with gunsmiths, industrial designers worked on a new pistol. The appearance of the future Udava was determined by specialists from TsNIITochmash and the Kinetics High Accuracy Prototyping Center at the National Research Technological University MISiS. The reason for such cooperation was the specifics of the development of modern shooting systems. The weapon has approached the maximum possible technical characteristics, and now one of the ways to improve it is to improve ergonomics.
The external contours of the future pistol were determined taking into account technical limitations, ease of use, as well as artistic features. In the future, the original design has undergone certain changes, but its main provisions have been preserved. Also, using modern technologies, the designers of "Kinetics" and the gunsmiths of TsNIITochmash developed some additional devices for the "Boa". In doing so, remarkable results were obtained.
Technical questions
To date, the authors of the Boa project have not published all the technical information, but the main features of the pistol are already clear. In addition, the approximate appearance of the product and the parameters of the main components of the pistol complex are known. All this allows you to make various assessments and build forecasts regarding the future project.
Version of the appearance of the pistol from the Center "Kinetics"
The Udav project provides for the manufacture of a self-loading pistol based on well-known and time-tested solutions. This could, to a certain extent, simplify the design, but did not eliminate the need to solve a number of design problems associated with the use of a relatively powerful 9x21 mm cartridge. The product is built according to the classical scheme with a T-shaped frame, including a handle, and a movable shutter casing. In the manufacture of the product, polymeric materials are widely used. In particular, the handle and the frame as a whole are at least covered with plastic or even completely made of it. The shutter casing remains completely metal.
It is impossible not to note the curious appearance of the "Boa". If the photographs of spring and summer of this year featured a utilitarian-looking pistol without any special artistic frills, then in October they showed a more interesting example. Different prototypes differ from each other in the shape of the main parts, ergonomics and, very likely, the design of internal mechanisms. For example, one of the most noticeable differences was the shape and depth of the notches on the shutter casing.
The type of automatic pistol has not yet been specified. According to some sources, a swinging barrel system is used, in which locking is carried out by the interaction of the barrel projections and the case ejection window. However, information about the possibility of using a silent firing device may contradict such versions.
The pistol is equipped with a double-action trigger mechanism with a trigger protruding beyond the weapon. Fire control is carried out by a traditional trigger, covered with a traditional bracket. Older photographs showed that there were fuse flags at the back of the movable casing. The sample shown in the fall, for some reason, did not have such details. Moreover, in its appearance it was generally impossible to speak of the presence of a non-automatic fuse.
Like other self-loading pistols, the Udav uses detachable box magazines placed in the inner shaft of the handle. The magazine holds 9x21 mm cartridges, but its capacity has not yet been specified. Fixing the store is carried out by a side button. The pistol has a slide delay that allows it to be ready to fire faster after emptying the magazine. The delay lever is located on the frame on the left, above the trigger.
Apparently, the pistol "Boa" can have two options for sighting devices of a similar type. They include a front sight and rear sight of a simple design, placed on the casing. On the basic version of the pistol, these parts have a small height. The silencer-compatible variant features an increased height of the sights, which allows the line of sight to be raised.
According to press reports, the development of the silencer for the Udava was carried out using computer-aided design systems. The prototype was made using 3D printing technology. The resulting design was able to solve its problems, but at the same time it weighed only tens of grams. In addition, the cost of the finished product was sharply reduced.
It is also possible to use other accessories. For their installation on the front of the frame there is a guide rail of standard sizes. It is proposed to be used with flashlights, laser designators and other devices.
Unfortunately, the exact dimensions and weight, as well as the combat characteristics of the Udav self-loading pistol, are still unknown. It can be assumed that in terms of combat qualities it is comparable to previous systems chambered for 9x21 mm. In the case of the SPS / SR-1 pistol, such a cartridge made it possible to obtain an initial bullet velocity of about 400 m / s and a muzzle energy of more than 600 J. Depending on the type of cartridge and bullet, the SPS from a distance of 50 m could pierce class 3 or 3A body armor. How "Boa" is similar to the ATP in terms of tactical and technical characteristics is unknown.
Near future
According to reports two years ago, in the very near future, the Udav pistol from TsNIITochmash was supposed to go to state tests. Apparently, such plans were carried out with some delay, and therefore the promising weapon has not yet completed all the necessary checks. However, as reported in mid-autumn, state testing of the pistol will be completed in December. Thus, this stage of work should come to an end - if it has not already ended.
Experienced silenced pistol
The Ministry of Defense has not yet talked about the progress of testing the Udav pistol and has not announced its plans for it. Based on the results of the current checks, the military will have to draw final conclusions and decide whether they need a promising self-loading pistol chambered for a powerful cartridge. Perhaps this kind will appear in the near future, and the public will know the real prospects for a new pistol.
So far, we have to rely only on a limited amount of data and our own estimates. Apparently, the Udav product is a typical modern self-loading pistol, but it differs from many other samples in the use of a relatively powerful 9x21 mm cartridge, which gives it advantages in combat qualities. Also, differences can be found in some features of ergonomics worked out by industrial designers. At the same time, the internal mechanisms of the Udav are based on proven solutions, although they are adapted to the characteristic loads of a powerful ammunition.
What decision the military will make, and what will be the further fate of the new domestic pistol "Udav" is a big question. In the light of published data, this sample looks like a good modern weapon that can find its place in the army. However, tests at the range should reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the pistol, so that the army can make an informed decision. It is quite possible that a situation in which the cons of the gun will not be able to outweigh the pros.
An ambiguous feature of the project should be considered the cartridge used. Ammunition 9x21 mm was adopted by the army in 2003, but never became truly massive. This was due, first of all, to the insufficient number of weapons for them. It cannot be ruled out that the “Boa” will eventually be able to change this situation, but so far the use of an “unusual” cartridge looks more like a minus. What the command thinks about this may become known later.
According to the news of recent months, in December, the Ministry of Defense should complete state tests of a new self-loading pistol. Based on the results of these events, a decision will be made on the future of the Udava, as well as on the future of the PM and PYa pistols. The army will have to decide whether it needs a new weapon, and whether a promising development from TsNIITochmash will become this new model.
According to the websites:
http://ria.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://iz.ru/
https://kalashnikov.ru/
https://modernfirearms.net/
http://bastion-opk.ru/
In TSNIITOCHMASH in Klimovsk near Moscow, preliminary tests of a new generation pistol "Udav" were completed. The general director of the enterprise, Dmitry Semizorov, said that state tests of weapons are scheduled to be carried out before the end of the year.
The characteristics of the "Boa" are classified. It is only known that the pistol uses a powerful cartridge of 9 × 21 mm caliber, the magazine holds 18 rounds, and there is also a laser designator in the kit. This pistol appeared as a result of the natural evolution of this type of weapon, which is associated not only with the progress of design ideas and technologies, but also with external conditions, which, for example, include combat tactics and enemy security.
Adopted as a personal weapon of officers of the armed forces and law enforcement agencies, the self-loading one has survived to this day and is still widely used. The popularity and "longevity" of this weapon is explained by a number of its advantages. It does not require a long range of aimed fire, as it is a personal offensive and defensive weapon designed to engage the enemy at short distances. 20 meters for PM is the optimal distance. Although aimed shooting can be carried out at a distance of up to 50 meters.
9 mm self-loading pistol SR1M
Under the PM, a cartridge of caliber 9 × 18 mm was created. It has an undeniable advantage, the best suited for a melee weapon, one might say, almost a contact one: the bullet has a good stopping effect. Bullets with high penetrating power can pass right through or penetrate deep into the body of the enemy.
In this case, the shot does not necessarily have to have high energy. This principle was used by Makarov when creating a pistol. The average value of the muzzle energy made it possible to simplify the automation of the weapon; the PM used a free shutter and a short barrel stroke. The gun differs in the highest degree of reliability and unpretentiousness in operation. This achieves a high rate of fire. It is relatively lightweight and compact. The PM uses a multifunctional fuse, unique for the 50s-70s, which allows you to safely remove a loaded pistol from a combat platoon. Resource - 50 thousand shots.
The disadvantages include a significant effort required to pull the trigger - about 2 kg. And almost 4 kg with self-cocking. As well as an 8-round magazine. But in a modified version of the PMM, which began to enter the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the early 90s, the magazine capacity was increased to 12 rounds. Moreover, in the pistol it is possible to use both the old PEM cartridge and the new 9 × 18 PPM. In this connection, the weapon has become universal. If the PM is not able to penetrate body armor due to the low kinetic energy of the bullet and its low initial velocity (315 m/s), then the new bullet has acquired a high penetrating power, its initial velocity is 420 m/s. This was achieved by sharpening the bullet and increasing the amount of gunpowder in the case by 30%. True, PPM pierces army body armor at a distance of no more than 10 meters.
In the 80s - 90s, unloading bulletproof vests began to appear in the West, which were additionally reinforced with equipment parts and weapons attached to them. In this connection, such equipment became too tough for the existing domestic army pistols. Therefore, R&D was initiated to create a new type of weapon with increased penetration. At the beginning of the 2000s, three pistols were adopted at once.
GSh-18(designers Vasily Gryazev and Arkady Shipunov) was created in the Tula Instrument Design Bureau. It is equally used in the army and in law enforcement agencies, including the prosecutor's office. Its main advantage is the use of a powerful 9 × 19 mm cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet that exits the barrel at a speed of 600 m / s.
GSh-18 pistol during inspection of weapons and military equipment (Photo: Sergey Bobylev / TASS)
Another advantage is the 18-round magazine. However, due to the strong spring, no more than a dozen rounds can be loaded by hand. The design of the GSh is extremely original. So, for example, the barrel is locked by turning it around its own axis. For testing automation on the barrel is 12 lugs. Instead of a trigger guard, a trigger was used ... Shooting from a GSh requires a lot of effort. In addition, the complexity of the design does not contribute to high reliability. One of the uses for this pistol is as a reward weapon. The pistol is produced in small batches.
Dmitry Semizorov, General Director of TsNIITochmash, announced that state tests of the most powerful domestic pistol created by Pyotr Serdyukov, the designer of an enterprise located in Klimovsk near Moscow, will begin in the fall. State tests should be completed this year, after which a decision will be made on introducing the pistol into large-scale production and adopting it into service with the Russian army. And this means that the pistol will gradually begin to replace the veteran of the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs - the Makarov Pistol, which was put into service in 1951.
The new promising weapon has several predecessors: the Serdyukov self-loading pistol (SPS), Vector, Gyurza, SR-1. His real name is SR-1MP or "Boa". If the Vector, which has been in service with the special forces of the FSB, FSO and the Ministry of Internal Affairs since 1996, has the highest striking power among Russian pistols, then the Udav surpasses it in this and other characteristics, as representatives of TsNIITochmash have repeatedly stated. True, how much is unclear, since these new items are classified.
But a lot is known about the basic model, the Vector. It uses a non-traditional for Russian pistols cartridge of increased power of caliber 9 × 21 mm. In this connection, it has an excellent range - aimed fire can be fired from a distance of 100 meters. The magazine includes 18 rounds. Three types of cartridges:
With a low recoil bullet weighing 7.5 g, which is a lead core in a bimetallic sheath. The bullet is designed for combat in confined spaces in the city;
With an armor-piercing bullet weighing 6.7 g. It has a hardened steel core, the tip of which protrudes from a polyethylene jacket and a bimetallic sheath;
With an armor-piercing tracer bullet weighing 7.3 g, having a shortened hardened steel core, a lead jacket, a tracer composition and a bimetallic sheath.
The armor-piercing cartridge is capable of piercing a 5 mm steel sheet from a distance of 50 meters. This allows you to use the gun even to deal with lightly armored vehicles.
With such impressive performance, the Vector, like the newly minted Boa, have moderate dimensions and weight. With an unloaded magazine, the pistol weighs 0.9 kg, with a full magazine - 1.11 kg. Length, width and height are 196×145×34 mm.
Due to the fact that it uses three different cartridges, it has high versatility. Armor-piercing and armor-piercing tracer bullets have a record breaking ability.
Improvements to the mechanism and barrel "Boa" are not reported. It is only known that longitudinal grooves appeared on his body for attaching a Picatinny rail, which serves to install various additional devices on weapons. Among them are collimator sights, laser designators, silencers and flame arresters, combat lights.
The appearance of a new pistol, not only as a personal weapon of army officers, but also in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is caused by historical necessity. Even the criminals that the police have to fight now often have bulletproof vests. And the PM is ineffective here, its bullet is capable of piercing body armor from a distance of up to 10 meters. If the enemy is unprotected, then, despite the aiming range of up to 50 meters, the real distance for successful shooting is about 20 meters.
In the army, the PM, in fact, has become a kind of scarecrow, capable of producing only a psychological impact on the enemy. The fact is that in the 1980s and 1990s, unloading bulletproof vests began to appear in the West, which were additionally reinforced with equipment parts and weapons attached to them. In this connection, such equipment became too tough for the existing domestic army pistols. Therefore, R&D was initiated to create a new type of weapon with increased penetration.
In the late nineties and early zero years, several pistols were created, which, to varying degrees, attracted the attention of various law enforcement agencies. However, only one of them really claimed the title of "successor" of the PM - the Yarygin Pistol ("Rook"). He won the tender for the creation of a new short-barreled weapon for the army.
Another bidder is the GSh-18 pistol (designers Vasily Gryazev and Arkady Shipunov), was created in the Tula Instrument Design Bureau. It is equally used in the army and in law enforcement agencies, including the prosecutor's office. Its main advantage is the use of a powerful 9 × 19 mm cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet that exits the barrel at a speed of 600 m / s.
Another advantage is the 18-round magazine. However, due to the strong spring, no more than a dozen rounds can be loaded by hand. The design of the GSh is extremely original. So, for example, the barrel is locked by turning it around its own axis. For testing automation on the barrel is 12 lugs. Instead of a trigger guard, a trigger was used ... Shooting from a GSh requires a lot of effort. Also, the complexity of the design does not contribute to high reliability. One of the uses of this pistol is to use it as a premium weapon. And in this capacity, according to experts, GSh-18 is most appropriate. The pistol is produced in small batches.
Yarygin pistol, which was created at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant by a designer Vladimir Yarygin(cartridge caliber - 9 × 19 mm). more fortunate than its competitors. In Izhevsk, its large-scale production has been launched for the armed forces, internal troops, special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement agencies. That is, this is exactly the pistol that since 2008 began to replace the legendary PM.
It is 18-shot. The cartridge, created under the PJ, has an energy of 550 J. The bullet is armor-piercing. However, it has high not only penetrating, but also stopping properties due to the use of a lead core. It also provides for the possibility of using a 9 × 19 mm Parabellum cartridge, which has a lower energy content. Equipped with a flashlight and a laser target designator.
The pistol is designed for "strong men": the force applied during self-cocking is 5.8 kg, with a pre-cocked trigger - 2.6 kg. At the same time, the gun is ergonomic, with a non-exorbitant return. The disadvantages include "rough execution", that is, "clumsy" forms, sharp edges that can injure the shooter. It can also fail during a special operation, because it makes sounds when walking, which prevents silent sneaking.
It is quite understandable that TsNIItochmash was dissatisfied with the fact that not their SPS pistol, but the Izhevsk PY was chosen to replace the PM. However, according to the general director of the enterprise, Dmitry Semizorov, the new development, the Udav, based on the same powerful 9 × 21 mm cartridge as in the SPS, should significantly exceed the performance of the Rook.
And it is the "Boa constrictor", they believe in Klimovsk, that it is necessary to replace the PM. Well, technical competition is a positive thing. But there is an insurmountable moment here. Large-scale production is an extremely inertial business. Its flywheel is already untwisted in Izhevsk. So if "Boa" goes to the troops, then not instead of PY, but in parallel with it.
Change of PM is ready: "Boa constrictor" is undergoing final tests. "Boa constrictor" is calculated under the most powerful cartridge of caliber 9x21 mm. Technical specifications are still classified.
The Udav 9-mm self-loading pistol, which is being developed for use in various special units of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Internal Troops, is being prepared for the final state tests. This was announced by the Director General of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNIItochmash) Dmitry Semizorov at the Eurosatory-2016 arms exhibition in Paris.
As reported, to date, preliminary tests have already been completed. All work on the improved pistol is in its final stages. The developers eliminate all the shortcomings identified during the tests.
According to Semizorov, state testing of the prototype will be completed this year. And then he will replace the Makarov and Yarygin pistols.
"Boa" is a pistol of greater power than all the analogues that exist to date, ”adds Semizorov.
The pistol uses the developments obtained during the creation and operation of the pistol designed by Serdyukov SPS, which was put into service in 2003.
"Boa constrictor" is calculated under the most powerful cartridge of caliber 9x21 mm. Technical specifications are still classified. One thing is known, his magazine will hold 18 rounds. "Boa constrictor" is adapted for mounting a wide variety of additional equipment, including a sight, flashlight, collimator.
