Russian pistols. The lethal force of Serdyukov. The most powerful and compact pistol created in Russia (3 photos) Stechkin Gyurza

ATP pistol manufactured at the Mayak factory

The history of the creation of the SPS pistol begins with the development at the Klimovsk Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNIITOCHMASH) of a new pistol complex, which was supposed to surpass similar weapons, both foreign and domestic, in terms of combat and service performance. The need for a pistol, radically different from those in service and used in the army, law enforcement agencies, special services and special forces of personal short-barreled weapons, arose in the 1980s. The reason was the widespread introduction of light personal protective equipment of different classes into the armed forces of most countries of the world. For example, a second-class bulletproof vest is capable of stopping 7.62 mm steel-core bullets at close range when fired from a TT pistol and 9 mm bullets from a standard NATO cartridge when fired from a Beretta 92FS pistol.

In addition to armies and law enforcement agencies, criminal and terrorist groups began to use bulletproof vests. When using body armor, as a rule, no more than 30% of the body is protected, however, the experience of the combat use of personal weapons, especially by police, indicates that most fire contacts occur suddenly and pass quickly. In such conditions, when there is not enough time for accurate aiming at vital organs, firing is carried out at the hull, which, in the case of using protective equipment, means the possibility of surviving or even returning fire. A new weapon-cartridge complex was required that could effectively hit the enemy in personal protective equipment. In this case, the pistol had to have acceptable dimensions, weight and recoil force, and the bullet of the used cartridge had to have a high penetrating and stopping effect.

The widespread use of body armor was not the only reason for the development of new weapons. The entire weapons system of the Soviet Union was based on the concept of large-scale military operations against NATO countries. The main tasks were assigned to the rocket troops, aviation, tank troops, artillery and large motorized infantry units. One of the last roles was assigned to personal weapons. In particular, the Makarov pistol was created as a peacetime weapon, and in the event of the outbreak of hostilities, officers on the battlefield would still prefer a machine gun. This approach to small arms turned out to be wrong in the conditions of local and partisan wars of the 1970-1980s.

Gun Gyurza 055C

The fighting in Vietnam, the Arab-Israeli and various civil wars in the African states showed the huge role of small arms and, in particular, personal weapons. The clashes took place with the participation of small infantry units, usually supported by artillery, aviation or tank fire. Partisan methods of warfare with surprise attacks from ambush and short firing distances have become widespread. As a result, changes began to be made not only in the main small arms, but also in personal short-barreled weapons. By the end of the 1980s, new materials appeared in the arms industry. Steel everywhere changes are made to the design of pistols. In accordance with the new requirements, the pistol had to have constant combat readiness with safe handling, high reliability in difficult operating conditions, high firepower, convenience and ease of use and maintenance, and the used cartridge had to have a high penetrating and stopping effect of a bullet.

In 1991, in accordance with the tactical and technical requirements put forward, the design team headed by Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov created two prototypes of pistols, which received the designation 6P35. A.B. Yuryev developed a 9×21 cartridge with a high penetrating and stopping effect of a bullet, which received the designation RG052. When designing the cartridge, it was supposed to be used both in a pistol and in a promising submachine gun. The main feature and advantage of this cartridge lies in the design of the bullet, the upper part of the steel core of which protrudes from the jacket, which eliminates the loss of energy for its penetration. The muzzle velocity of the bullet is 420 m/s. As a result, a pistol cartridge bullet of medium power and dimensions penetrates the means of protection against assault rifle bullets. In 1993, modified versions of the pistol were created under the general name RG055. The difference lies in the shape and design of the frame and the shutter-casing, the increased thickness of the barrel walls and the shape of the sights, which received light enamel inserts.

Pistols Gyurza and Vector - export designs

The improved pistol was adopted by various special forces of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Internal Troops. These pistols are still in use today. Then came the export version - Model 055C GYURZA. It should be noted that the names "Gyurza" and "Vector" are not official and do not appear in the decisions on the adoption of one or another version of the pistol for service. The cartridge, which received the designation RG054, was also finalized. In 1996, the FSB special forces adopted an improved Serdyukov pistol under the name SR.1 (SR is an abbreviation for special development) and a 9 × 21 cartridge under the index SP.10. Several changes were made to the design of the pistol.

Due to some change in shape, the handle has become more comfortable. Thanks to a large horizontal notch on the front and back surfaces, a diamond-shaped notch on the sides and a corrugation of the upper back of the handle, increased control over the weapon during handling, aiming and shooting. The dimensions have slightly increased, but at the same time, the reliability of work and the resource of parts have increased. The bore is now chrome plated. Export modification received the name RG060. The SP.10 cartridge with a bullet weighing 6.74 g, with a steel core, with an initial velocity of 410 m / s and a muzzle energy of 566 J, is designed to defeat enemy manpower protected by personal protective equipment, consists of a heat-strengthened steel core, a polyethylene jacket and bimetallic shell. Penetration of second-class body armor is provided at a distance of up to 70 meters. New cartridges were created: SP.11 with a lead-core bullet (bullet weight 7.9 g, muzzle velocity 390 m/s); SP.12 with an expansive bullet; SP.13 with an armor-piercing tracer bullet.

For the new pistol, a barrel locking system was chosen using a swinging larva, which, due to the movement of the barrel along its axis, ensures high shooting accuracy. The return spring is located around the barrel and rests against a special part - the stop of the return spring. The frame consists of two main parts. The handle with the trigger guard is molded from impact-resistant plastic. The upper metal part combines a number of pistol parts and has guiding movements of the shutter-casing. The trigger mechanism is a hammer type, double action, with a safety cocking of the trigger, but the trigger is not automatically placed on it. To fire a self-cocking shot, the trigger must first be set to the safety cocking. To cock the hammer manually, the automatic grip safety must be turned off. If a misfire occurs during firing, it is eliminated in a much more reliable way than re-pricking the primer - by sending a new cartridge into the chamber.

The pistol has two automatic safety locks. The automatic handle (lever) fuse, located on the rear surface of the handle, locks the sear. The automatic trigger guard protrudes from its front surface and blocks movement until the shooter's finger is pressed. When all the cartridges are used up, the shutter-casing stops the shutter (namely, the shutter stops, and not the shutter delay), and when an equipped magazine is attached, it is automatically removed from it and sends the cartridge into the chamber. Due to the lack of a slide delay lever, which most modern combat pistols have, in order to manually move the casing shutter to the forward position, it is necessary to pull it back a little and release it.

A double-sided sliding magazine latch is located in the upper front of the handle behind the trigger guard. The box magazine holds 18 rounds with a two-row arrangement, as well as a two-row exit. Sights consist of a front and rear sight with vertical white stripes to facilitate aiming in low light. The introduction of lateral corrections is possible by moving the rear sight fixed in the dovetail groove using a special device included in the spare parts kit. The disassembly of the weapon is carried out by turning the barrel delay located on the right side of the frame. A number of design and technological solutions have been protected by invention patents.

In 1997, by order of the Ministry of Defense, SR.1 tests were carried out in order to assess the possibility of adopting a new pistol and cartridges. Changes were made to the design again. The handle has been reshaped. Its surface has only a large horizontal notch in the front and back. The new form is more versatile and allows shooters of different body types to hold the weapon almost equally comfortably. The magazine latch has become a push-button. The dimensions of the sighting devices have been increased, the shape of which has also changed. In December of the same year, state tests were completed, and the pistol itself was rated "does not meet the requirements for failure-free operation", after which this weapon no longer participated in the Rook competitions and began to develop independently. Work on further fine-tuning and testing was named "Granite" and was carried out until 2000, after which the gun again changed its name to SR-1M "Vector". At that time, he entered the regional special forces of the FSB of the Russian Federation and some detachments of the SOBR and OMSN of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for trial operation.

The improved pistol was named SPS (Serdyukov self-loading pistol) and was adopted by the FSB by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 166 of March 21, 2003. The index of the Serdyukov pistol is 6P53. The new pistol received a more comfortable grip, an enlarged trigger guard, sights of a new design and a push-button magazine latch located on the handle on the left, at the base of the trigger guard. The names of the cartridges were changed again: 7N29 with an armor-piercing bullet with a steel core; 7H28 with a lead core; 7BT3 with an armor-piercing tracer bullet. However, the 7N29 cartridges themselves are no different from SP.10, and 7N28 from SP.11. The differences are only in the customer, on the boxes of cartridges for the FSB, the manufacturer puts the index SP, and for the armed forces - 7N.

Pistol SR.1 manufactured by TSNIITOCHMASH and cartridges 7N29

The production of the Serdyukov SPS pistol has been established at TSNIITOCHMASH and at the Mayak Kirov Plant OJSC. On the side surfaces of the handles there are trademarks of the manufacturer. On pistols manufactured by TSNIITOCHMASH - a stylized head of an owl. On the weapons of the Mayak plant there is a stylized mathematical sign radical. It should be clarified that the designations SR.1M and SPS are used in parallel, the first in the FSB, and the second in the Ministry of Defense. The technical differences between the SR.1M and the SPS are the increased (at the request of the FSB and FSO) automatic grip safety button, changes in the configuration of sighting devices and a lower ejector mass.

In August 2012, the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering presented the following modification of the SPS pistol under the designation SR1MP, which is distinguished by the presence of grooves on the sides of the front of the frame, to which a block with Picatinny grooves can be attached to mount various collimator sights, laser designators and tactical lanterns. It is possible to attach a muffler to the SR1MP pistol. In addition, the automatic grip safety key has been enlarged. In general, the Serdyukov pistol has excellent combat and service performance, confirmed when used in real combat operations. The weapon functions flawlessly in extreme operating conditions and at temperatures from - 50°C to + 50°C. Aiming range of 100 meters has been confirmed in practice. The accuracy of the battle (shooter of an average level of training) when firing a series of ten shots at a distance of 25 meters is 6.5 cm, and at a distance of 100 meters - 32 cm. At a distance of 100 meters when firing with SP.10 cartridges, body armor containing up to two titanium 1.4 mm thick plates and 30 layers of Kevlar, or steel sheets up to 4 mm thick.

The gun has a high quality workmanship and surface treatment. The handle is very convenient, but the automatic grip safety key, due to a rather powerful spring, presses hard into the palm of the shooter. Due to the rather large volume of the handle, shooters with small hands have to change the “grip” when changing the magazine. In practice, the front ledge of the trigger guard turned out to be completely unnecessary and useless, since, firstly, to reduce the toss when fired, the method of holding with the index finger of the hand supporting the weapon on the trigger guard ledge is absolutely ineffective, and secondly, it is impossible even for shooters with middle palms it's okay to put your finger on this ledge.

Pistol SR.1M manufactured by TSNIITOCHMASH

The SR1MP pistol is the latest version of the Serdyukov pistol with an open-type collimator sight and a silent-flameless shooting device mounted on the weapon by means of a block with Picatinny rail grooves

The strange configuration of the trigger makes it much more difficult to fire a self-cocking shot when the weapon is quickly drawn out, since the pad of the shooter's index finger in most cases rests against the tip of the trigger, and does not lie on its bend, after which it slides off to the front surface of the trigger, with painful sensations for the shooter . The automatic trigger safety key does not cause discomfort, does not press or rub your finger even during prolonged shooting. However, despite all its shortcomings, the Serdyukov pistol is in production and continues to be used by a wide variety of law enforcement agencies and other "power" departments of the Russian Federation. Currently, the Serdyukov pistol is in service with the special forces of the FSB, the FSO, some detachments of the SOBR and the OMSN of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in limited quantities it is available in the Presidential Security Service (SPB), border troops and is used in other law enforcement agencies, both in Russia and in other countries .

A few testimonials from people who have experience handling and shooting SPS pistols: “The pistol is quite large, however, with excellent handle ergonomics, given the length of the cartridge. "Soft" work and return. The trigger travel is very smooth, while at the same time, its effort in single action mode is small. Excellent shooting accuracy. This pistol lacks the usual side protruding parts, making it comfortable to carry. The pistol is perfectly balanced, the handle fits comfortably in the hand. Very durable and withstands high loads both in the toughest conditions and when firing powerful cartridges. The weapon is durable, with a long service life.

The lack of a slide stop lever and the need to manually move the shutter-casing a little back to send a cartridge from a loaded attached magazine is a drawback of the pistol. During long training sessions in shooting, the automatic lever safety in the back of the handle presses on the palm, and the trigger safety on the finger. It is impossible to cock the trigger, for making an accurate shot, with the thumb of the shooting hand, holding the gun with only one hand - this will not allow the automatic safety lever to be done, which will stop pressing down with the palm of your hand. This pistol is certainly not without flaws, but the ability to quickly and reliably hit the enemy in body armor, reliability, accuracy and a solid supply of ammunition in the store outweigh its disadvantages. A powerful weapon to work in real combat conditions. Great and nice car."

Tactical and technical characteristics of the ATP
USM - double action
Caliber, mm - 9x21 mm (SP-10 (7N29), SP-11 (7N28), SP12, SP-13 (7BTZ))
Length, mm - 200
Height, mm - 145
Width, mm - 34
Barrel length, mm - 120
Rifling - 6, right-handed
Rifling pitch - 350
Weight without cartridges, g - 990
Charged weight, g - 1200
Muzzle velocity, m/s - 390-420
Sighting range, m - 100
Rate of fire, in / m - 40
Magazine capacity - 18

The pistol, known as RG055, SR-1 "Vector", SR-1M "Gyurza", and in 2003 officially adopted by the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation SPS - Serdyukov Self-Loading Pistol (GRAU index 6P35), was developed in Petr Serdyukov and Igor Belyaev.

At the beginning of 1991, the developers from TsNIITOCHMASH, on the subject of R&D "Rook", were tasked with developing a new pistol complex consisting of a pistol and a cartridge, which in its performance characteristics would be superior to similar weapons that are equipped with foreign armies of the most developed countries, while two basic designs were worked out - with a free shutter and a movable barrel, and with the use of recoil energy with a short stroke of the barrel with its rigid locking.

The first system was not successful, but the pistol of the second design, although it was rejected by the army, aroused the interest of various Russian special services in the mid-1990s, in particular the FSB and the FSO.
All this led to the deployment in Russia of a number of programs to improve short-barreled weapons. At the first stage of this work, which ended by the beginning of the 90s, specialists from the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering from Klimovsk, near Moscow, determined the requirements for a promising pistol complex. For this reason, it was decided to create weapons in 9 mm caliber, but according to Western standards, where the caliber of weapons is measured by grooves, and not by fields, as was customary in the USSR.

According to the given tactical and technical requirements, the designer of the institute A.B. Yuryev together with the technologist E.S. Kornilova, under the direction of I.P. Kasyanov began to develop a new, very powerful 9x21 mm pistol cartridge with a bullet that has a high damaging effect. This cartridge received the manufacturer's index RG052.

The assignment for the development of a new pistol provided that the effective firing range should be 50 m. But at the very beginning of work, the leading designer of TsNIITochmash, Petr Ivanovich Serdyukov, having realistically assessed the prospects of the cartridge being developed, decided that under these conditions it was quite possible to create a pistol with an effective firing range of 100 m.

It should be noted here that many of Serdyukov's employees simply did not believe in the possibility of aimed shooting from a pistol at such a range. As one of his closest aides, Igor Belyaev, recalled, the dispute was resolved very simply.

Having strengthened the chest part of the body armor on the stand and retreated 100 m, Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov hit it several times with pistols and Walther P-38, brilliantly proving to his opponents that it is not enough to have a good pistol, you must also be able to shoot from it. Nevertheless, a pistol with an effective firing range of 100 meters still had to be created.

In accordance with the assignment, by the fall of 1991, P.I. Serdyukov created prototypes of two complexes - 7.62-mm PS and 9-mm PS (PS - Serdyukov pistol) chambered for 7.62x25 and (the customer of the pistol assigned them the index 6P35 at that time). Moreover, the old one was chosen not so much at the request of the customer, but for working out the automation of the pistol.

The reason for this decision lay in the fact that the new 9x21-mm pistol cartridge was still being created, and therefore it was available in very small quantities, and it was expensive at that time. The differences between the pistols were only in the caliber of the barrel, the size of the chamber, the magazine and the inside of the handle.

As a result, only in 1993, after the modifications carried out, during which the dimensions and weight of the pistol were reduced, as well as the design of the shutter and some other parts, the pistol saw the light under the name "9-mm self-loading pistol PS", (PS - self-loading pistol , index RG055).

After the delivery in 1993 of an experimental batch of pistols in the amount of 50 pieces to special units of law enforcement agencies, its trial operation began. At the same time, this sample began to be demonstrated at various exhibitions and offered for sale abroad. Trial operation revealed some shortcomings of the gun.

When testing the pistol for "rabies", the barrel was found to swell. To eliminate this drawback, it was necessary to increase the thickness of the barrel walls, which led to an increase in its mass. In this regard, it was necessary to reduce the mass of the shutter. At the same time, the technology of its manufacture was somewhat simplified.
In the course of refinement, the design of the rear sight was simplified. On the front sight and rear sight, to facilitate aiming in low light conditions, recesses filled with light enamel were made. After completion, the second version of the RG055 pistol was born. Outwardly, it differed from the first in the flat oblique edges of the shutter (instead of the radius surface in the first version) and in the simpler design of the rear sight.

In the course of their elimination, the strength of a number of critical parts was increased. The cartridge continued to improve, which during the development received the name RG052. I.P. was engaged in its revision. Kasyanov. Pilot operation of the pistol showed the need for a slight decrease in the initial speed zeros. The core zeros began to be made from steel of a different brand and using advanced technology.

The improved cartridge received the developer index RG054. After the appearance of the first batch of RG055 pistols, they were noticed by the FSB. Special units of this department needed a powerful and compact weapon.

After the completion of the first tests at a specialized training ground of the Ministry of Defense, the customer decided to continue work at TSNIITOCHMASH to further refine the pistol only chambered for 9x21-mm with a bullet with a heat-strengthened steel core.

Difficulties in financing work on the topic, as well as the loss of interest in a pistol chambered for 9x21 mm by the Ministry of Defense, led to the fact that in 1993 the Russian Ministry of Security (now the FSB) ordered the development of a new pistol based on the RG055 pistol and the RG052 cartridge.
Based on the interests of the customer of the pistol, a number of new requirements were presented to him, and the whole topic began to be called "Vector".

In the course of further work on the pistol, the strength and resource of its parts were significantly increased. The barrel bore began to be chrome plated. The thickness of the handle was increased to 34 mm, and the total length of the pistol increased by 5 mm and amounted to 200 mm.

On the side and end surfaces of the handle, corrugation was made, and in the lower part - an eyelet for attaching a cord. The magazine cover began to be made of impact-resistant plastic and thicker than that of the RG055 pistol, which also increased the convenience of holding the pistol. As a result of the changes and improvements made, a complex was born, consisting of a pistol "SR-1" and a cartridge SP-10.

It was put into service in the middle of 1996. The name "Vector" is absent in the decision on the adoption of this complex for service, but we can safely assume that, according to the now unofficial tradition, it will become the second name of the pistol.

The lack of regular funding and orders within the country in the early 90s forced the company to develop an export modification of the pistol complex and offer it for sale abroad.

This modification received the commercial name Model 055C GYURZA, it began to be demonstrated at various foreign and Russian arms exhibitions. For him, an export modification of the SP-10 cartridge was also created under the developer index RG054.

The use of a proper name, so unusual for domestic small arms - "Gyurza" appeared in the course of a discussion of the need and prospects for selling an export version of the new pistol complex abroad.

At a meeting with the director of TSNIITOCHMASH A.V. Khinikadze this name was proposed by the deputy head of the department - one of the leaders of the team for the creation of the pistol complex Vladimir Fedorovich Krasnikov. His considerations, at the same time, were quite specific - the bite of a gyurza, like a shot from a new pistol, is fatal.

In 1997, the Russian Ministry of Defense again returned to considering the possibility of adopting a pistol system chambered for 9x21 mm. As a basis, the SR-1 pistol, already accepted for equipment in the FSB and in some other law enforcement agencies, was considered.

The tests of the pistol were carried out by specialists from the test site of the Ministry of Defense. Work on additional tests of the pistol complex was named "Granite".
Based on the test results, a number of comments were made to the pistol. In particular, complaints were again expressed about the shape of the handle, as well as the relatively large effort required to turn off the magazine latch - this made it difficult to replace it.

According to the results of these tests, the pistol was again finalized. He received a more convenient handle, a push-button store latch and a slightly modified rear sight design. The new version of the weapon was named the 9-mm Serdyukov self-loading pistol (SPS). The names of the cartridges have also changed.

The composition of the 9x21 mm pistol complex included cartridges: 7N28 with a bullet with a lead core in a bimetallic sheath, 7N29 with a bullet with a steel core and 7BTZ with an armor-piercing tracer bullet.

To maintain an acceptable weight of the pistol under a new powerful cartridge, it was necessary to use an automation scheme with a short barrel stroke. To ensure reliable operation of automation in difficult operating conditions, an original locking system was created.

The automatic pistol works on the principle of barrel recoil with a short stroke. The casing-bolt in the combat position completely covers the barrel. An ejector is mounted in its recess on the right. The semi-hidden trigger is accessible to the thumb of the hand holding the weapon.

Here it is worth noting the fact that Browning's “free shutter” turned out to be very seriously modified, and here the specialists, in fact, invented a fundamentally new scheme (although it should be said here that the contactor is used in the locking system of Walther P-38 and Beretta 92 pistols, and quite a long time) which has no analogues in the world yet (or, at least, has not been announced).

The barrel at the time of the shot is locked by a special part - the barrel lock, which, when the shutter moves back, rotates in a vertical plane and exits the shutter grooves, thereby ensuring the disengagement of the barrel and the shutter.

Other original technical solutions were also applied in the new pistol. The return spring is located around the movable barrel, for which a patented solution is used in the form of a special stop (return spring stop) for the rear end of the spring, while the front end of the spring rests on the bolt. During firing, this part remains stationary relative to the frame of the pistol. By the way, a Russian patent for an invention has been issued for this technical solution.

In the design of the frame of the pistol, molded high-impact plastic Armamid is used. A pistol grip is made of it, made integral with the trigger guard. Metal fittings are fixed in the upper part of the frame. It serves to direct the movement of the shutter and fasten a number of parts of the pistol in it.

The trigger mechanism of the pistol is a hammer, double action. However, it has one feature. To produce the first shot by self-cocking, the trigger must be set to the preliminary platoon. The mainspring is in the trigger. The trigger pull force is 1.5-2.5 kg, and when firing by self-cocking - 4-6.5 kg.

Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by two automatic safety locks. One of them, located on the back of the pistol grip, blocks, whispered, the second, located on the trigger, locks the trigger. The expediency of having such fuses on the pistol is justified as follows.

A pistol is a weapon, the decision to use which is made almost instantly before firing. At the moment when your life is in danger, do not waste time removing the safety of the weapon. That is why the pistol "SR-1" is advisable to carry with a cartridge sent to the barrel. Putting the trigger on the safety platoon in this case allows you to immediately open fire as soon as you take out the pistol from the holster. Some users permanently disable the grip safety by wrapping tape or duct tape around the grip.

The barrel of the pistol has six right-hand rifling.

SPS sights - fixed located on the bolt body, have white inserts to facilitate aiming. Aiming at different ranges is carried out by moving the aiming point in height.

A double-row magazine for 18 rounds with a staggered arrangement does not protrude from the handle. The body of the magazine has rows of holes that make it easier and allow you to determine the number of cartridges in it.
The magazine release button latch is located behind the trigger on the handle.

The early production samples of the CP-1 did not have a slide delay, the SPS pistols of the latest releases received a slide delay, which is automatically turned off when a new magazine is inserted into the pistol. The magazine is detached by pressing the thumb and forefinger on the stopper latch located behind the trigger guard. Removing the magazine is facilitated by a feeder spring that pushes it out of the handle.

All over the world there is a good old weapon tradition to make special gift weapons based on combat weapons. They did not forget her at TsNIITochmash either. Local craftsmen mastered the art of filigree decoration and the new pistol.

The marking of the pistol began to contain the trademark of the manufacturer, the type of ammunition used on the right and left sides of the pistol grip and the serial number. The production of the pistol was established at TsNIITochmash and at the Kirov Plant Mayak OJSC in Kirov. They can be distinguished by the size of the trigger guard (it is slightly larger on the Kirov pistol) and by marking the manufacturer's trademark on the side surfaces of the handle. The sign of TsNIITochmash is the head of an owl, and the sign of the Mayak plant is a stylized mathematical sign - a radical.

1 - shutter; 2 - stop return spring (Russian patent);
3 - return spring; 4 - trunk; 5 - frame assembly;
6 - contactor (Russian patent); 7 - wedge;
8 - trigger; 9 - front fuse;
10 - store latch; 11 - rear fuse;
12 - whispered; 13 - thrust; 14 - trigger; 15 - mainspring;
16 - rear sight; 17 - drummer." rel="lightbox"> For the creation of a pistol complex, a group of developers in early 1996 was awarded the prize of the government of the Russian Federation. This pistol is distinguished by good combat accuracy and high penetration.

In August 1997, at the invitation of the Americans, a demonstration of a number of samples of special weapons developed at TsNIItochmash took place in the United States at the Marine Corps test site in Florida. The RG055 pistol was also presented.

Prudent Americans, taking this opportunity, asked to test their bulletproof vests. Imagine the surprise and desperation of the FBI representatives after all the bulletproof vests they presented were pierced without any problems from the pistol of the Russian special services. Although it is worth noting here that the shooting was carried out with armor-piercing cartridges, which, however, does not in the least detract from the combat qualities of the pistol.

The pistol has a "licked" shape. The main advantage of the new pistol is its very high efficiency against targets protected by body armor or obstacles like the sides of a car, for which the pistol received a specially designed 9x21mm SP-10 cartridge (originally designated RG052) with an armor-piercing bullet.

Later, in addition to the SP-10, a number of 9x21mm caliber cartridges were also developed, including cartridges with expansive (SP-12), low-ricochet (SP-11) and tracer (SP-13) bullets. With the SP-10 cartridge, the pistol is able to successfully hit targets in class 3 bulletproof vests with rigid elements at distances up to 50-70 meters. It is also capable of piercing the cylinder head block of an automobile engine. In addition, the SPS pistol has a fairly high magazine capacity and is adapted for operational use. It is currently in service with the FSB and FSO forces, and is offered for export.

To clean the pistol and inspect it, the pistol is not completely disassembled. Partial disassembly is carried out without the use of a special tool.

For this you need:
1. Set the shutter to stop. Holding a pistol with an unloaded magazine by the handle,
move the bolt to the rear position. Check if there is a cartridge in the chamber.
2. Detach the magazine. Held the pistol by the handle, press the thumb
magazine latch button and, holding the magazine with the other hand on the cover, remove it from the handle.
3. Separate the barrel delay. Turning it 90 counterclockwise, remove from the frame.
4. Separate the shutter. Remove the shutter from the shutter delay and, moving it forward, separate it from the frame.
5. Disconnect the barrel from the bolt. Holding the shutter with one hand, with the thumb of the other hand
drown the protruding part of the wedge and, moving the barrel slightly forward, remove it from the bolt.
6. Remove the return spring with stop from the barrel.
7. Separate the contactor from the barrel.

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The Gyurza pistol is one of the most powerful and most famous pistols in the history of the Russian Federation, created by Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov. Having a caliber of 9 millimeters, it is capable of not only hitting a person in a bulletproof vest, but also successfully piercing the body of a lightly armored vehicle. It is called "Gyurza" or "Vector", but in official documents it is listed as a Serdyukov self-loading pistol. Initially, this pistol was ordered by the army, but it has reached the greatest use in the special services, where it is highly valued not only for its striking ability, but also for its large clip volume and ergonomics.

In the mid-80s of the XX century, the Soviet army needed a special pistol model, which was supposed to replace the technically outdated PM. For this, a competition was announced, which had the name "Rook".

There were only two requirements for the final product:

1. Ensuring sufficient accuracy when shooting at a distance of 100 meters.
2. Possibility of shooting through light anti-fragmentation body armor.

Toward the middle of the 80s of the last century, there was a tendency to reduce the cost of Kevlar protective equipment, and therefore soldiers of the armies of various countries began to be actively equipped with them. And despite the fact that such armor covered only 35% of the fighter's body, it was a good defense during a spontaneous firefight. That is why the army needed reliable armor-piercing weapons of compact size.

In addition, terrorist groups, as well as bandit formations, were equipped with bulletproof vests. Therefore, the creation of a pistol capable of penetrating such armor was highly justified.

The Gyurza pistol is in service with departments such as the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs

As part of the competition, the terms of reference were sent to the development team led by Peter Serdyukov. As a result of several years of development and testing, this team managed to produce two prototypes of the Serdyukov pistol. This happened by 1991, and the resulting pistols had the following characteristics:

1. PS caliber 7.62 mm. This prototype was made under the old cartridge. On it, for the most part, the design was finalized.
2. PS caliber 9 mm. This pistol already used cartridges of a new type - RG-052. Their direct development was carried out by the designers Kasyanov and Yuryev, with the participation of the technologist Kornilova.

It is noteworthy that the Yarygin pistol became the winner of the Grach competition, and in such conditions the Gyurza pistol could remain at the level of the prototype. However, the compact armor-piercing pistol was largely interested in the law enforcement agencies of the FSO and the FSB. So the Serdyukov team received a revised technical task, in accordance with which an official pistol complex appeared, which was temporarily given the name "Vector".

Before a test batch of this weapon was sent to the combat units of the FSB, the original version underwent many improvements. As a result, 50 trial copies were produced, which were actively tested during field trials.

Several flaws were identified, as was reported to the designers. To fix them, it was necessary to make the barrel walls thicker, as a result of which the gun became heavier. This also became a problem, because heavy weapons were extremely inconvenient to use. As a result, it was decided to use polymeric materials, which not only allowed to reduce weight, but also made such a pistol more convenient to use and reliable.

The modified pistol was named RG-055. At the same time, the RG-055C model was released, which is the modern Gyurza.

At first, it was about the export version, which was presented at the Military Exhibition of the Ground Forces - an international event that took place in 1996. Both models used the RG-054 cartridge. After the success at the exhibition, Serdyukov's team received numerous orders for the production of such weapons.

The chronology of the official use of the Serdyukov pistol is as follows:

1. These pistols began to be used by the special services of the FSO and the FSB, starting from the end of 1996. Then this short barrel was called СР-1, which meant "special development - 1". For him, special cartridges were made with the marking SP10.
2. The pistol entered the prosecutor's office in the 99th year of the last century.
3. Since the beginning of 2003, Gyurza has been in service with the army special forces. Then she received the official name - Serdyukov's self-loading pistol or ATP.

Old and modern models

Clip pistol "Gyurza" holds 18 rounds

Even after all the necessary improvements were made, and the Gyurza from the prototype became a military weapon, small adjustments were constantly made to the design of the pistol. Representatives of law enforcement agencies and the army were actively testing new weapons, which is why they had certain wishes. This led to the emergence of a number of prototypes. Let's consider them in more detail:

1. Pre-production model RG-055. Used to test embedded technologies. As a result, about 2000 units of this weapon were produced. The main difference in appearance lies in the smooth curves of the body and the presence of a plastic gray handle.
2. The export model of the Serdyukov pistol is RG-055C (Gurza). It assumed some design improvements, due to which the pistol received a more attractive appearance with the image of a gyurza on the bolt.
3. The serial model is the Serdyukov SR-1 pistol. This pistol complex was in service with such special services as the FSO, the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The model was produced until 2000. Differences from the modern gyurza are in the modified form of the trigger guard and the presence of a protrusion for the finger. On the handle there is a branded marking of the manufacturer.
4. Pistol Serdyukov SPS. This is the same, classic gyurza pistol, which has received the greatest popularity and recognition around the world. The release of this model began in 2000 and continues to this day. The fundamental difference from the previous model is the modified shape of the handle and the shift of the fuse to the right side. Also, the rear sight of this weapon has a different shape.
5. Further development - СР1М. An improved version of the previous pistol, produced since 2003. In this case, the safety button has undergone changes, which in this model has received increased dimensions. The sights have also been changed. But the main innovations concerned the technical part, because in this model the self-cocking was used for the first time when replacing the magazine and a direct supply of a cartridge into the chamber was implemented.
6. The latest history is the Serdyukov SR 1MP gyurza pistol. This is, at the moment, the newest and most technically advanced model of the legendary pistol. The main innovation in this case is the presence of a mount for the Picatinny rail. A similar feature made it possible to install a laser pointer, collimator sights, etc. on the pistol.

To date, the team of Peter Serdyukov is busy designing a new version of this weapon. Developments are carried out under the preliminary name "Boa constrictor". This weapon has successfully passed all state tests and is preparing to enter service.

Characteristics and features

For shooting, you can use both conventional and armor-piercing cartridges.

This pistol has the following features:

1. The weight of the product with the store is 1.2 kg, without it - 0.9 kg.
2. Special cartridges are used, 21x9 mm in size.
3. Barrel length is 120 mm, caliber - 9 mm.
4. Rate of fire parameters - up to 40 rounds per minute.
5. There are 18 rounds in the magazine.
6. The initial speed of the projectile is 410 m/s.

Pistol Vector (Gyurza) is made from the most modern materials that are used to improve the technical characteristics of this weapon. In particular, the handle made of polymers significantly reduces the weight of the pistol.

Those modifications of the pistol, which were made by special order of the special services, involve a serious revision of the sighting system. This is necessary to improve aiming ability in poor lighting conditions.

Consider the options for ammunition used in these pistols:

1. SP10. Armor-piercing bullet weighing about 8 grams. It features an unusual design, in which part of the core is brought out of the casing. This is necessary in order to avoid spending excess energy on breaking through the core when hitting a target.
2. SP11. Bullet weight is 7.5 grams. It has a lead filling and is made in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of ricochet. Most often used in urban areas, where concrete and metal surfaces prevail.
3. SP13. Bullet, weighing only 7.3 grams, is the best solution for combat in low light conditions. The design assumes the presence of a tracer composition, a steel core and a lead jacket. Such materials provide a high stopping power of this ammunition.

Advantages

The design of reloading the clip in the pistol is very convenient

Gyurza has a number of positive qualities:

1. One of the most powerful damaging effects, therefore, none of the currently existing vests will save an opponent from a bullet from such a pistol.
2. The use of polymers in the design of the gun not only lightens its weight, but makes it more reliable and comfortable to use.
3. Ergonomic design ensures that a high rate of fire is maintained without loss of accuracy.
4. The process of changing the clip is the most convenient.
5. The magazine arrangement is ideal for quick ammo changes.

Flaws

It is not very convenient for people with a small palm to use the gun, due to the large size of the handle.

With all the undeniable advantages of the model, it also has negative features. Let's consider them in more detail:

1. Some soldiers noted problems with quick clip changes. The problem was that it jammed, which meant that it took extra effort to replace it, spending more time.
2. A large handle requires people with a small hand to change grip when changing magazines.
3. The special shape of the trigger can somewhat complicate the process of firing a self-cocking shot in the process of getting the weapon. The problem is this: in such situations, the shooter's finger is not in the center of the trigger guard, but on its edge, which is why the finger may slip.
4. The prototypes of this pistol were distinguished by an uncomfortable handle shape, which made long-term shooting difficult. However, in most production samples, this problem has been eliminated.

Thus, in comparison with the advantages, the shortcomings of the Serdyukov pistol look insignificant, and you can get used to them over time. And it turns out to be quite difficult to overestimate the armor-piercing of this weapon in comparison with its compactness.

Pistol SR-1 "Vector", early production version

Pistol SR-1 "Vector" in comparison with the Makarov PM pistol

Pistol SR1M modern release

SR1MP pistol with an adapter with a Picatinny rail under the barrel and a special quick-detachable silencer

Incomplete disassembly of the pistol "Vector" SR-1

USM: Double action
Caliber 9×21 mm SP-10 and SP-11
Length 195 mm
The weight 990 grams empty; 1200 g with 18 rounds
Magazine capacity 18 rounds
muzzle velocity: 420 m/s

The pistol, previously known as RG055, SR-1 "Vector" or "Gyurza", and in 2003 officially adopted by the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation SPS - Serdyukov's Self-loading Pistol, was developed at the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (Klimovsk) Pyotr Serdyukov and Igor Belyaev. The development of a new pistol complex (9mm cartridge of increased efficiency + pistol) was started at TSNIITOCHMASH in the early 1990s as part of the Grach army competition, while two basic designs were worked out - with a blowback and a movable barrel, and using recoil energy with a short stroke trunk with its hard locking. The first system was not successful, but the pistol of the second design, although it was rejected by the army, aroused the interest of various Russian special services in the mid-1990s, in particular the FSB and the FSO. The main advantage of the new pistol was its very high efficiency against targets protected by body armor or obstacles like the sides of a car, for which the pistol received a specially designed 9x21mm SP-10 cartridge (originally designated RG052) with an armor-piercing bullet. Later, in addition to the SP-10, a number of 9x21mm caliber cartridges were also developed, including cartridges with expansive and low-ricochet bullets. With the SP-10 cartridge, the pistol is able to successfully hit targets in class 3 bulletproof vests at ranges up to 50 meters and even further. In addition, the SPS pistol has a fairly high magazine capacity and is adapted for operational use.

In the course of production and operation, the Serdyukov SR1 pistol has undergone a number of changes, and is currently produced under the SR1M index. This variant has slightly improved ergonomics by changing the design of the magazine latch, increasing the size of the automatic fuse button on the handle and a number of other changes. In addition, customers are offered the SR1MP version, in which the SR1M pistol is equipped with a special adapter with one or four Picatinny rails, as well as a quick-detachable silencer. It should be noted that at present, 9x21 live cartridges are produced only in versions with a supersonic bullet, and therefore the effectiveness of muffling the sound of a shot is somewhat limited.

The SPS / SR1M pistol is built on the basis of automation using recoil energy with a short barrel stroke and its rigid locking by a larva swinging in a vertical plane located under the barrel (similar to the Walther P-38). The return spring is located around the movable barrel, for which a patented solution is used in the form of a special stop for the rear end of the spring, while the front end of the spring rests on the bolt. The frame of the pistol has a composite construction - its upper part is made of steel, and the pistol grip with trigger guard is made of durable plastic. The trigger mechanism of the pistol is double action, with an open trigger. The USM feature is that the self-cocking mode works only when the trigger is placed on an intermediate "safety" platoon. The pistol does not have non-automatic safety locks, instead there are two automatic safety locks - on the trigger and on the back of the handle. At the same time, under conditions of incorrect or incomplete grip of the pistol under stressful conditions, the grip safety may not turn off, which will lead to the impossibility of firing with disastrous consequences for the shooter. Therefore, on early versions of the CP1 pistol, some users permanently disable the grip safety by wrapping tape or duct tape around the grip. SPS sights are fixed, have white inserts to facilitate aiming. Cartridges are fed from detachable box magazines with a capacity of 18 rounds. The magazine release button latch is located behind the trigger on the handle. Early production samples of the CP-1 did not have a slide delay, the SR1M pistols received a slide delay that was automatically turned off when a new magazine was inserted into the pistol.