Tver Carriage Works is the main car building plant in Russia

Tver Carriage Works. Most large enterprise Russia and the CIS for the production of various types of passenger cars and components for them. The main supplier of wagons for Russian Railways (and its subsidiaries - JSC FPC). The enterprise is part of Transmashholding. The existing production facilities and technological capacities allow for the simultaneous production of several models of passenger cars, as well as various types of freight cars and special-purpose cars (they were not allowed to shoot in one workshop, they said that they were assembling something there). then secret).

1. The plant was founded in 1898 by the French-Belgian joint-stock company "Dil and Bakalan" under the name "Verkhnevolzhsky plant of railway materials". In 1915, it was renamed the Tver Russian-Baltic Carriage Works, and after nationalization (in 1918) - Tver car building plant. In the period from 1931 to the 1990s, it was called the Kalinin Carriage Works.
2. From the first years of the 20th century, the era of passenger car building began at the plant. Tver manufactures four-axle sleeping cars for the joint-stock company International Society for Sleeping Cars and High-Speed ​​European Trains, as well as passenger cars of all four classes, double-decker cars, service cars with saloons and sleeping compartments, and passenger cars for countries with hot climates. Archival photo shows a double-decker car, created at TVZ in 1905
3. The plant has a huge area in Tver, and in fact it is the only large operating enterprise in this city. Buildings can be seen on the site. different eras and types. For example, in the photo you see the oldest building - a wooden blockhouse of the water tower of the local boiler house. It has been standing since the 19th century.
4. But we start our tour with a woodworking shop. Now, in a modern wagon, very little wood is used, and earlier almost the entire wagon was wooden. The wood (or rather, it is a wood board), which is currently used, is impregnated with special compounds from burning and decay. Alas, several large fires did not come to this immediately, and then tests showed that the old cars burned down in just a few minutes. But it was. Now the fire safety rules are draconian, and the manufacturer is obliged to follow them. Well, the equipment today is not what it used to be, at least look at this CNC machine. Replaces more than 8 classic woodworking machines. Details of any configuration are processed in a matter of minutes, the accuracy is the highest, which affects, accordingly, the accuracy and speed of assembling finished cars.
5. Now this workshop produces almost all the internal stuffing of the car. As a material, along with plywood board and fire-retardant wood, plastic, aluminum profile and others are used. modern materials. But the name was kept historical.
6. For example, if I'm not mistaken, these are plastic facing inner panels. They will be installed inside the car on the side walls over double-glazed windows.
7. A worker glues rubber seals on compartment doors with superglue. About half past 12 in the morning, and he had already used up so many tubes of glue.
8. The plant has carried out and is carrying out the modernization of the machine park. At the enterprise you can find a huge number of modern CNC machines. And this picture with the remote control immediately reminded me of this.
9. On the machine, four metal profiles are sawn at the same time, which will later become part of the internal equipment of the car.
10. And now let's go and see how the metal parts of the future car are made. For example, this detail was received on the press. The bending accuracy is clearly controlled by the goniometer.
11. This is a sheet of metal after plasma cutting. There are three such installations at the factory. There are 14 more laser complexes- for cutting sheet metal. In the foreground: the sides of the bogie frames have been cut out here. And then some more little things. The rest of the sheet after cutting will be sent for remelting. And back to work. In general, the plant is very sensitive to metal waste, and everything goes back to work.
12. Stamping machines. Part of the small fittings and parts, when their number is large, is not profitable to do with the help of new technologies (expensive and less productive), therefore, such a machine park is used. And next to it is an old press of very shaggy years. But in perfect working order. It was decided to keep it in production as a functioning monument. Sort of like a "playing coach".
13. Painting of parts is carried out with powder paints on an automatic line, but with mandatory visual control and tinting with manual sprayers of complex surfaces.
14. According to the representative of the plant, even in not the most successful years, great importance was given to labor protection and the tools and materials used in the work. Honestly, it was hard to believe right off the bat, but what I saw in the workshops confirms this.
15. Now it's time to make frames for the undercarriages. First, the prepared sheets of metal are joined in special devices and tacked by welding.
16. Next comes the automatic welding robot. It was with these machines that the global modernization of welding equipment began many years ago. Hard-to-reach places are boiled manually.
17. Almost finished cart frame. Since the quality of the bogie and wheelsets is the safety of passengers, the quality requirements are the highest. Moreover, a personal brand of all those who worked with it is applied to the part. And who checked and controlled. All these data are then stored throughout the operation of the bogie and wheelsets.
18. In the foreground, a stack of bogie frames for the subway car 81-760 / 761 "Oka". TVZ makes them for Metrovagonmash.
19. Very smart machine finishing cart frames. Special sensors check overall dimensions and axles. New coordinates are counted from these axes and holes are drilled, edges are processed. Those. if, for example, the bracket was welded with an offset of a couple of millimeters, the machine will recognize this and the hole in the bracket will be drilled independently in the right place.
20. Now the production of wheelsets. The axle itself is machined on the spot, at the railway wheels that come to TVZ from different plants, including the Vyksa Metallurgical Plant, a landing hole (wheel hub) is bored.
21. Nozzle of a wheel on an axis. There is hot and cold method nozzles. This is where cold is used. The inner diameter of the hole in the wheel is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the axle. And the wheel is pressed onto the axle with a predetermined force. The process is fixed by a special control device with a graphical recording of the pressing diagram.
22. Ready-made wheelsets are sent to the assembly of bogies.
23. Finished bogie of a new passenger car design with disc brakes.
24. And this is an old, familiar trolley design. It is now produced at a neighboring plant in Tver.
25. Press for hot forging. On it, with the help of special stamps, details of complex shape are obtained from blanks that are preheated red-hot in gas furnaces.

26. And now let's go to the foundry. In this nondescript photo you see literally a technical revolution in the foundry business. If you need to cast a simple part without cavities inside, then it's all simple. But what if the part is complex and there are cavities and channels inside? There are two options. In the first case, a wax internal model is placed inside the flask. She attaches internal structure and when the metal is poured, it melts and flows out. But simple things can be done this way. What if it's complicated? Then the internal cavities are formed using sand models. Previously, they were rammed by hand, and one person could do about a dozen a day, since the work is very painstaking, requires high precision and all by hand. Now sand models are made by machine. The result of her work is in the photo. Every minute and a half, two sand models pop up. And then, after the part hardens, the sand of the model is destroyed on the vibration stand and spills out of the part.

27. Bottom part flasks with installed sand model.
28. Issuance of cast iron.
29. The ladle is rather small, since a certain temperature of the metal is required to ensure the quality of the casting - a large amount of metal cannot be poured into the flasks, the cooling time is limited
30. They manage to fill in several flasks and again go to the issuance of cast iron.
31. Foundry finished parts and surface treatment.
32. Now let's go look at the body assembly. First, the car frame is welded on special stocks. Undercarriage equipment is installed and communications are laid.
33. In parallel with the assembly of body frames, the sides of the wagons are made on a special line. The assembly and welding process is maximally automated, carried out with minimal human participation.
34. Roof sheathing is first welded in flat view, then turns over and on a special stand it is given a semicircular shape. Arcs are welded and the roof takes shape and rigidity.
35. Finally, all parts of the body (frame, sidewalls, end walls and roof) are connected together into a finished product - the basis of the future car.
36. First comes the tacking of all incoming components and parts.
37. Further, all horizontal external seams are welded by automatic installations. But the rest - by hand.
38. That's it, the car is almost ready. At least its frame. As you can see, even a heater (or rather, a boiler) has already been installed here.
39. The car after applying the heat-insulating coating and flooring. .::clickable::.
41. Assembly is carried out at positions - only certain actions. Then the car moves to the next position. They come here already painted.
42. The car after installing almost all internal systems. Now it's time to install partitions and mount what the passenger will see in the end. .::clickable::.

43. The plant is the main supplier of passenger cars for the "daughter" of Russian Railways - the Federal Passenger Company. But the product range of the enterprise is very extensive. .::clickable::.44. New carriages with seats are now included in permanent trains, including branded ones.

45. The full production cycle of a wagon takes about 70 days. For a double-deck car, this figure is about 100 days. This is the period from the manufacture of the first part to the finished car. In the car assembly shop, directly on the assembly of the finished product, on average, the car spends 12 days.
46. ​​The main (left) line is occupied by serial cars for Russian Railways. On the middle this time there were staff and dining cars. BUT right line take on other projects. At the time of shooting, these were sleeping cars for international communications(RIC size) - a joint project TVZ and Siemens. .::clickable::.47. And wagons for the railways of Kazakhstan.
48. Since 2008, 2,800 different wagons have been supplied for the needs of Russian Railways. These new wagons are used as a priority for the formation and renewal of branded and fast trains. .::clickable::.49. I won’t show you an ordinary compartment car, and there are already a lot of photos. But the presence of an outlet in the compartment is very pleasing.
50. And this is a staff car lift for the disabled.
51. There is a special compartment and a toilet for them only in such a carriage. See how the aisle has been widened so that the stroller can pass through.
52. Now all the bodies are made of stainless steel. At the exhibition site of the plant, the last serial car made of ordinary carbon steel. Occasionally, at the request of the customer, the plant fulfills orders for wagons using the old technology. But for the customer, this is a double-edged sword. The difference in the price of a wagon with a stainless steel body and a regular one is less than a million rubles. And the service life of a stainless steel car is 40 years against 28. By the way, I learned a secret at the plant that tormented me for a long time. You see the inscription "mileage - 450" on the end of the car. This means that an additional metal layer of increased strength is welded on the surface of the automatic coupler and buffers, which ensures the mileage of cars without replacing these wear parts for at least 450,000 km.
53. Double-decker car developed on the initiative of Russian Railways. So much has already been written about him that I will not dwell on it in detail. The photo shows the first prototype, a prototype, on which the plant tested and mastered the design and technology of this innovative product. To the honor of the plant, it must be said that this prototype was made in just 8 months from the start of design - from the first line on the drawing. Few competitors, even on world market capable of putting into production a completely new product in such a short time.
54. The first subway car produced at the plant. At first, the Oka was assembled in Mytishchi, then part of the order was given to Tver. It has been fulfilled. Now TVZ makes only frames for metro bogies.
55. Sleeping cars of RIC size for international traffic - a joint project of TVZ and Siemens commissioned by Russian Railways. Pay attention to the wide surfaces of the end harmonicas.
56. Let's dwell on this car in more detail. Coupe - in general, everything is familiar.
57. And this is how the door from the compartment opens. It is surprising that it is mirrored from the inside, but in open form she's blocking the passage. Not entirely successful, in my opinion, constructive solution, although the design was developed by one of the giants of the world car building - the Siemens company.
58. Each car has a shower.
59. And a washbasin under the table. But there is no opener underneath. :)
60. Panorama of the plant. Motor transport shop and railway threads with finished products. Behind the scenes were paint shops, a climate test station, a central factory laboratory and much more. But there are already a lot of photos. And until 2030, Russian Railways will purchase 16.5 thousand cars for 774.5 billion rubles, of which 2 thousand will be in the next three years. .::clickable::.

Many thanks to the press service of the Tver Carriage Works and all its employees for their patience and help in preparing the material!

August 25, 1898 in Tver, a plant began to operate, the entire history of which is inextricably linked with the development of domestic car building and the history of Russian railways.

In 1857, an imperial decree was issued on the construction of the first railway network with a length of 4000 versts, in 1866 the government issued concessions for the construction of 26 new lines. In the period 1868-1875. 1750 km were put into operation annually. steel lines. Railways in an ever-increasing volume required rolling stock. But the Alexander Plant, the only one in Russia, which built cars, steam locomotives and repaired them, did not meet the growing needs of the railways in rolling stock. Therefore, for the newly constructed railways, passenger cars were purchased abroad, mainly in Germany and France. The main drawback of most Western cars was the lack of a longitudinal passage, the doors were installed on both sides in the side walls of the car opposite each compartment. The doors opened outward and at the same time went beyond the limits of the approach of buildings, which was unsafe during movement. AT winter time when the doors were opened, the compartment was very cold. The walls, roof and floor of the foreign car were single, without insulating layers, there was no heating, not all cars were equipped with brakes.

The Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878) slowed down railway construction for a long 15 years. A new upsurge began in 1892. Since that time, for a decade, the growth in passenger traffic has been more than 20% annually, and freight turnover has increased even faster. The state at that time contributed a lot to the development of domestic car building. In 1892-1896. a number of legislative provisions were adopted, according to which the railways were obliged to purchase all rolling stock, including passenger cars, only of domestic production. Franco-Belgian joint-stock company"Dil and Bakalan" initiates the creation of the Verkhnevolzhsky plant of railway materials in Tver. On September 23, 1896, the head of Tver A.F. Karpov and the chairman of the joint-stock company "Dil and Bakalan" Mark Durie signed an agreement on the lease of 73 acres of fields across the Volga for the construction of a plant. It was supposed to specialize in the production of railway rolling stock in a wide range of products: from cargo platforms and cars to passenger cars of the highest class. And on August 25, 1898, the director of the plant, Mr. Liebke, received a certificate "for the opening of the plant's operations." It is this day that is considered the birthday of the Tver Carriage Works.

The Tver plant was built, as they say, "from the needle." The best and most modern machine tools, powerful steam units ensured high labor productivity and the highest quality of products. Together with the French, electricity also came to Tver - a steam engine at a power station powered DC generators.

Already in 1899, the first 13 covered 9-meter boxcars with a carrying capacity of 12.5 tons were presented to the State Railways Inspectorate.

The first two-axle freight cars. The inscription "40 people, 8 horses" reminded of the military purpose of the railway and its rolling stock.

In the early years of the 20th century, the range of manufactured products expanded. The era of passenger car building begins at the Tver plant. It produces four-axle sleeping cars for the joint-stock company "International Society of Sleeping Cars and High-Speed ​​European Trains", passenger cars of all four classes: double-deck cars for settlers heading to the Far East, 6-axle 26-meter salon cars for the Grand Duke's family, service cars with salons and sleeping compartments, passenger cars for countries with a hot climate. At this time, the plant was building up to 300 freight and up to 20 passenger cars per month.

In August 1915, the Tver Carriage Works passed into the possession of the joint stock company of the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. About 3,000 unfinished wagons were evacuated to Tver from Riga. The merger of factories has played a positive role in the technical equipment and improvement of work culture. The output of products in comparison with 1900 increased by 7-8 times.

The further development of the enterprise was disrupted by the revolution of 1917 and the subsequent civil war. On October 26, 1918, the Tver Russian-Baltic Carriage Works was nationalized. Many car builders were called to the front. The output in 1919 decreased in comparison with 1916 by 3-4 times - only 39 passenger and 486 freight cars were produced. At the end of 1921, the decision of the Main Directorate of Machine-Building Plants came to Tver on the conservation of the plant, which lasted four years.

The decision to resume the work of the plant coincided with the beginning of the period of industrialization - October 1, 1925. It was decided to replace the two-axle freight car with a four-axle design, which significantly increased its carrying capacity. The train, made up of four-axle cars, has a shorter length with more weight. With a decrease in the length of the train, fuel consumption and tare weight per unit mass of cargo are reduced, cornering is improved, and safety is increased.

In 1931, in connection with the renaming of the city of Tver into Kalinin, the plant became the Kalinin Carriage Building Plant (and remained so for 60 years - until Tver returned its historical name in 1991).

In 1932, the building of a new, almost half-kilometer-long car assembly shop was laid, the plant management building was erected, the construction of a mechanical shop, the reconstruction of the woodworking and tool shops began. The electric power industry received new transformers, an oxygen station was built at the plant, which is necessary for organizing gas cutting and welding. But the main innovation process At that time, for the first time in car building, electric welding was introduced as the main method of joining parts instead of riveting.

In 1934, the number of employees at the plant amounted to 6.5 thousand people, the volume of output exceeded the level of 1913 ten times.

In 1937, the plant produced 5736 freight heavy-duty and 418 passenger cars, having exceeded the figures of 1913 by 16.4 times in terms of total production, and became the largest car-building enterprise in Europe.

In 1939, by the decision of the Government of the USSR, the production specialization of the plant was defined as "passenger car building". In the same year, work was launched to create the largest all-metal passenger car of a new design. At the beginning of 1940, the new cars underwent a test run on the Moscow-Sochi route and back. Feedback from the crews operating the new cars has been positive. All plans were interrupted by the war.

Due to the difficult military and political situation on the border of the USSR, the production of freight cars was increased, and the preparation for the production of a new passenger car was suspended.

Since July 1941, the plant has launched the production of military products: artillery shells, mortars, bombs, ambulances. In parallel with this, there was a dismantling of equipment for car building, preparing it for evacuation to the eastern regions of the country. But the front advanced so rapidly that only one echelon with equipment and people could be sent east.

During the occupation of the city by the Nazi troops, the plant was badly destroyed, ruins lay on the site of the workshops. But already on January 3, 1942 - two weeks after the liberation of the city of Kalinin from the Nazis - an order was received from the People's Commissariat of Medium Machine Building of the USSR on the speedy resumption of the plant's activities. Restoration work has begun. From October 1943, by decision State Committee The defense plant was included in the number of the most important defense enterprises of the country: the enterprise produced 18 types of front-line products.

During the Great Patriotic War, many car builders died defending our country. In memory of them, a monument-obelisk "To the Fallen in the Battles for the Motherland" was erected at the plant.

Seven carriage builders who fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War were awarded the high title of Hero Soviet Union. The labor exploits of car builders were noted government awards: 2426 workers, specialists and employees of the plant were awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945".

They returned to passenger car building at the Kalinin Carriage Works in 1950. Without stopping the production of freight cars, the car assembly, frame-body and bogie shops were re-planned, the galvanizing section and the garniture shop were re-created, and woodworking production increased several times.

In the first quarter of 1951, the plant stopped producing freight cars. All forces were directed to the production of all-metal passenger cars.

The transition to the production of all-metal passenger cars required a radical change in the technology of welding. Designers and technologists of the Kalinin Carriage Works invented and created portal welding machines for welding roof arches, for welding the side walls of the car and flooring. In the future, such automatic welding machines were used at other domestic and foreign car-building enterprises.

According to the seven-year plan adopted in the late 1950s, the plant staff was instructed to master several types of cars. Production from large-scale turned into serial and small-scale production, the share of single orders increased. In 1959, the plant built only one type of passenger car, and in 1965 - already 11 types and modifications. During these years, for the first time in the practice of domestic car building, the plant organized serial production and a large batch of passenger cars was manufactured, equipped with an air conditioning system and centralized power supply from power station cars, which were intended for operation on Central Asian routes, and also ran between Moscow and Leningrad.

The pace of electrification of railways in the country was high, and the Riga Carriage Works could not cope with the volume of production of electric trains. The production of electric train cars was entrusted to the Kalinin Carriage Works. Head and trailer electric cars were produced. Electric trains, which received the code name ER, were designed for high accelerations, had a short braking section, automatic doors, and a perfect heating and ventilation system. For the period from 1959 to 1969. 4552 electric train cars were manufactured

Mastering the production of electric train cars required organizational and technical restructuring of production. In terms of scale, it turned out to be no less than the one that was carried out a decade earlier during the transition to passenger car building.

At the end of 1958, a bureau of new materials was created at the plant, whose specialists were entrusted with the development and implementation of new technologies based on polymers to reduce weight, improve the quality, reliability and durability of passenger cars. In 1963, 30 years before the use of polymer pipelines in construction, the Kalinin Carriage Works mastered the use of polymer materials in the water supply system of cars: tanks were made of fiberglass, tubes, couplings, tees and valves were made of polyethylene.

Simultaneously with the development of technology for the use of polymeric materials, the development of a technology for manufacturing a car body from light alloys was carried out. In 1961, the plant built an experimental car 23.6 meters long for interregional traffic with an aluminum-magnesium alloy body. The use of new materials made it possible to reduce the weight of a passenger car from 8 to 10 tons. All the work done made it possible to ensure the growth of one of the most important indicators of progress in car building - an increase in train speeds. If at the end of the 50s the plant produced long-distance cars designed for speeds up to 100 km / h, then in the mid-60s the plant mastered cars with a design speed of up to 180 km / h.

In 1965, the plant built the Avrora express, consisting of 9 interregional cars and a power station car. The journey between the capitals on the Aurora took only 4 hours and 59 minutes.

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On May 17, 1965, the car builders reported on early execution seven-year plan for the release of gross output. The Regional Council of Trade Unions entered the plant in the Book of Labor Glory and noted it Honorary diploma. 75 advanced workers, engineers and technicians were awarded badges "Excellence in the socialist competition of the RSFSR".

A year later, on June 28, 1966, when the results of the seven-year plan were summed up throughout the country, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR signed a Decree on awarding the Kalinin Carriage Works with the Order of Lenin. More than 80 best employees of the plant were also awarded high awards - they were awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor. Many workers in the sections have achieved the honorary title of "Shock Worker of Communist Labor." For outstanding services in fulfilling the tasks of the seven-year plan and achieving high technical and economic indicators in work, on July 9, 1966, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to Maslennikov Ivan Alekseevich, the master of the cart shop, holder of the Orders of Lenin and the Red Star, awarded the medals "For the Defense of Stalingrad", "For the Victory over Germany" and "Hammer and Sickle".

Further development high-speed movement required research in the field of wheel-rail interaction and evaluation of various structural elements running gear. To accomplish this task in 1970, together with A.S. Yakovlev and VNIIV, a project was implemented for a high-speed motor car with a turbojet drive from two engines of the Yak-40 aircraft.

In 1971, a self-propelled laboratory car was tested on the Golutvin-Ozery line of the Moscow Railway, where a speed of 187 km/h was reached. At the beginning of 1972, the car made trips on the Novomoskovsk-Dneprodzerzhinsk section of the Pridneprovskaya railway, where it reached a speed of 249 km / h. During the tests, it turned out that the car can develop significantly higher speeds, but the existing railway track could not withstand the loads. At present, the head of the legendary laboratory car is built into a commemorative stele, opened on Constitution Square in Tver to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the plant.

The accumulated experience allowed in 1972-73. to build the Russian Troika express train (RT-200), which, during tests, developed a speed of up to 250 km / h. It was a real breakthrough in car building. The car had a pear-shaped cross section - the most advantageous in terms of aerodynamics. For the manufacture of the body used aluminum-magnesium alloys.

Despite a large number of works related to the development of the production of cars for high-speed traffic, the plant continued to modernize the main model range to meet the ever-increasing demand for mass passenger transportation. In 1981, the plant mastered the production of a serial passenger car of an open type 61-821, in 1985-1987. produced interregional railcars model 61-837 with seating

In subsequent years, with the development of perestroika processes in the country, difficult times came for the plant. The state was leaving the economy, and the plant, which had worked for many years within the framework of economic integration CMEA member countries, was thrown into conditions of fierce competition with Western manufacturers of rolling stock. The accumulated experience and high professionalism of the team of Tver car builders allowed the enterprise not only to survive in the current conditions, but also to maintain its position in the market. Already in 1989, the plant built an interregional railway carriage model 61-838, designed for speeds up to 200 km/h. This model was intended for testing systems and equipment subsequently used in serial production.

In the early 90s, the Tver Carriage Works, which had been building non-compartment cars for many years in a row, mastered the production of cars with a 4-seater compartment. The problem of import substitution of compartment cars, previously produced in Germany, was solved. In the spring of 1993, a presentation of a luxury compartment car model 61-820 with improved technical specifications and design. Its mass production began in 1994.

On May 21, 1993, an open joint-stock company "Tver Carriage Works" was formed, to which all the main production assets of the enterprise were transferred. The plant continued to produce various types of passenger cars: compartment and reserved seat, staff and SV, open type and with seating, mail and luggage, freight cars and special purpose cars, as well as bogies for passenger cars and for trailer cars of electric trains, wheel sets with axle boxes for bogies of passenger and freight cars; iron casting.

The plant faces a new task - to develop and master the production of cars with a flat sidewall of the body, since such a design is necessary for organizing high-speed traffic - 200 km/h and above. In addition, it is widely used in the European world car building, as it allows you to expand the interior space of the car and simplify the process of its operation. The staff of the enterprise successfully coped with the task, and in 1998, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the plant, a new generation car model 61-4170 was manufactured, designed for use at speeds of 200 km/h. In the production of this car model, the most modern technologies were used, which made it possible to implement the most promising and bold design developments. In particular, stainless steel was used in the body structure, cradleless carts with increased smoothness were used, computerized information and life support systems were installed, environmentally friendly toilets and much more.

The "Strategy for the development of railway transport in the Russian Federation", adopted by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 17, 2008, assumed an active renewal of the rolling stock. In order to fully participate in the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Railway Transport in the Russian Federation, it was necessary to master the production of cars of a new model range, which are fundamentally different from previously produced models, to increase the production capacity of the plant to ensure the production of 1,200 cars per year, while maintaining the existing production capacity and infrastructure of the enterprise. These works were carried out in the conditions of the existing production with a simultaneous increase in the production of cars, which, of course, complicated the work and required high professionalism from the team.

The main volume of technical re-equipment of JSC TVZ as part of the development of the production of passenger cars of a new model range fell on the period from 2003 to 2008. The project was implemented in three stages, each of which involved the creation independent productions for the production of promising designs of a new car: a cradleless type undercarriage bogie with a disc brake system; wagon interior products using modern structural materials; bodies of increased length made of stainless steels. At the same time, technical re-equipment of the entire production of the plant was envisaged, which ensured an increase in its level to the quality indicators of leading European manufacturers of similar products.

Ideology technological process the manufacture of a new product included, firstly, the creation of a highly efficient production facility that would ensure the production of products in the volumes of the prospective needs of Russian Railways; second, the provision is stable high level product quality at all stages of its production; thirdly, the maximum exclusion of the influence of the "human factor" in complex and responsible operations for the manufacture of parts and assemblies that affect the safety of the product; fourthly, the development of flexible technologies that ensure the minimum time for setting up the production of new types of products and efficient small-scale production; fifthly, the creation of harmless and safe working conditions at all workplaces, ensuring environmental safety at the enterprise and its adjacent territories.

Since August 2008, mass production of railcars in a new stainless steel body has begun. To go from design development to serial production cars of the new lineup, had to work hard a large number specialists, workers of auxiliary industries, builders. The result of the joint work was a radical technical upgrade of the entire production chain.

Simultaneously with the implementation of measures to launch the production of cars of a new model range, work was carried out to increase the production capacity of the plant. If in 2003 the production capacity of OAO TVZ was 625 carriages, then as a result of the work done, by 2009 it had grown to 1,200 passenger carriages per year. To ensure the growth of the plant's production capacity, an intensive path was chosen - equipping the plant's workshops with high-performance equipment and technologies that make it possible to increase production volumes without increasing the total area: the growth of production areas for the period from 2003 to 2009 amounted to about 3000 m2 (1.5%), and At the same time, the production capacity of the plant almost doubled.

Since 2009, the Tver Carriage Works has been actively developing new products and new mechanisms for cooperation, including with the world's leading manufacturers of railway equipment. One of the significant events in the activity of the plant was the signing of a contract with the world-famous Siemens concern for the creation of new RIC gauge cars designed for international passenger traffic and designed to operate both on Russian railways with a gauge of 1520 mm and on European railways with a gauge of 1435 mm. . There are only 8 passenger compartments in the car, one compartment for the conductor and one more compartment for service. Each compartment has 4 shelves-beds that can be transformed into 4 comfortable seats with headrests; under the window there is a folding table with a washbasin. In addition to the standard toilet, the car also has a combined bathroom (toilet and shower). From 2012 to 2015, Tver Carriage Works delivered 200 RIC railcars to the Federal Passenger Company. They run on various European routes: from Moscow to Helsinki, Nice, Sofia, Belgrade, Warsaw and other cities.

Since 2009, TVZ has been creating a fundamentally new type of rolling stock for Russia - double-deck cars designed to transport passengers over long distances. This project - from the idea to its full implementation - was implemented by the Tver Carriage Works. A prototype of a compartment passenger car was first presented to the professional public in September 2009 at the II International Railway Exhibition of Equipment and Technologies EXPO 1520, where it received high marks from specialists from Russian Railways and transport engineering enterprises.

By the summer of 2013, the plant had manufactured and delivered the first 50 double-decker cars to JSC FPC: compartment cars with four- and two-seat compartments; a bar for 4 seats and a dining room for 48 people. On November 1, 2013, on the eve of the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, double-decker trains began regular movement on the Moscow-Adler route. During the first year of operation, the branded double-decker train No. 104/103 on the Moscow-Adler route carried more than 416 thousand passengers, which is 40% more than in the same period of the previous year, when single-decker cars followed in the train.

In 2014-2015, the Tver Carriage Works built and handed over to JSC FPC another 105 long-distance double-deck cars. Of these, the compositions of branded trains with the message Moscow - St. Petersburg, Moscow - Kazan, Moscow - Samara are formed.

In 2015, the range of double-deck cars produced by the Tver Carriage Works was replenished with innovative double-deck cars with seats. They are designed for interregional communication and are made in two interior versions - standard (for 102 seats) and improved (for 60 seats). The first train of 15 such cars set off on July 31, 2015 on the Moscow-Voronezh route. Literally in two weeks - on August 14 - a branded two-story passenger train with seats No. 46/45 Moscow - Voronezh was registered in the Russian Book of Records. It became the first "year-round regular long-distance train with the most large quantity passenger seats.

In 2016, train sets were supplemented with another novelty - double-deck staff cars with a seating area. In total, for the period 2013-2017, the Tver Carriage Works built and handed over to FPC JSC 297 cars. Of these, the compositions of branded trains are formed, which run on eight routes.

In addition to working with the main customer - Federal Passenger Company JSC, the Tver Carriage Works actively interacts with other partners, develops the markets of other countries with a gauge of 1520 mm, successfully participating in tenders for the supply of cars for the Kazakhstan Railways, the Ulaanbaatar Railway, the Latvian railways.

Not limited to the main direction - the production of locomotive-hauled passenger cars, JSC TVZ is actively working to expand the range of products, the development of new competencies and markets.

In 2011, by order of Russian Railways, the plant's specialists created escort cars for special trains.

In 2012-2013, the enterprise mastered the production of cars for the Moscow Metro, which TVZ produced in cooperation with OAO Metrovagonmash.

In 2015, the plant designed, built and handed over to customers new baggage and mail cars (FGUP Russian Post) and cars for the transportation of special contingent (Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation).

Since 2014, together with the Transport Systems PC, Tver Carriage Works has been creating Russian low-floor trams - one- and three-section, as well as low-floor trolleybuses. In 2015, the trams were purchased by the municipalities of Tver and St. Petersburg.

A fundamentally new direction for the plant was the creation of a Russian electric train capable of competing with foreign analogues. Electric train EG2Tv "IVOLGA" is a new word in domestic mechanical engineering. It is highly economical and energy efficient, combines modern design, functionality and high standards safety, meets a high level of comfort for passengers, including those with disabilities.

The concept of EG2Tv "IVOLGA" involves the creation of various modifications of electric trains for urban, suburban, intermodal traffic for speeds of 120 and 160 km/h, and in the future even higher.

All structural elements of the electric train systems are designed with the maximum use of the modular principle, which makes it possible to adapt the space of the car depending on the requirements of customers.

In July 2016, the Tver Carriage Works received a certificate of compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of railway rolling stock" for its first development - the urban electric train EG2Tv "IVOLGA" in a five-car version. The passed certification was a confirmation of the development by the Tver Carriage Works of a new competence - "Production of electric trains".

Since 2017, the first two trains of the IVOLGA electric train have been successfully operated by the Central Passenger Suburban Company on the route Moscow-Kyiv - Novoperedelkino, and, as reported on the company's website, the purchase of new-generation IVOLGA trains is part of the JSC Central PPK program to upgrade the rolling stock suburban rail service.

In January 2018, during a working visit to the Tver Carriage Works, Russian President Vladimir Putin noted: IVOLGA is beautiful, powerful and modern.”

Tver Carriage Works (TVZ) is the only enterprise in Russia that manufactures various types of locomotive-hauled passenger carriages. The plant specializes in the production of single-deck and double-deck passenger cars, RIC-size cars for international passenger transportation, electric trains, as well as various types of special-purpose cars and freight cars, bogies for rolling stock of mainline railways. Over the past 10 years, the company has produced more than 7,000 different passenger cars.

The production facilities of the plant allow for the production of several models of passenger and special cars, as well as electric trains at the same time.

A unique design school, a modern production base and more than a century of experience in the production of passenger rolling stock provide the company with the ability to perform any task of creating new models of cars in the quantities required by the customer.

Production capacity - over 1000 wagons per year

The number of employees of the enterprise is about 5500 people.

Products

• Single-deck cars of various types for speeds up to 160 and 200 km/h
• Double-deck passenger cars of various types for speeds up to 160 km/h
• Wagons for international passenger traffic of RIC gauge for 1435 mm gauge
• Electric trains for speeds up to 160 km/h
• Freight and special purpose wagons
• Bogies for passenger cars
• Wheel sets for passenger and freight cars
• Spare parts for passenger cars

Production structure

• Cutting and stockpiling
• Press
• Foundry
• Forging and pressing
• Machining
• Galvanic
• Woodworking
• Assembly and welding
• painting
• Plastics processing
• Assembly

History reference

The plant was founded on August 25, 1898 on the initiative of the Franco-Belgian joint-stock company "Dil and Bakalan" with the name "Upper Volga Plant of Railway Materials". And already in 1899, the first 13 covered 9-meter boxcars with a carrying capacity of 12.5 tons each, produced in Tver, were presented to the State Railways Inspectorate.

From the first years of the 20th century, the era of passenger car building began at the plant. At that time, Tver produced four-axle sleeping cars for the joint-stock company "International Society of Sleeping Cars and High-Speed ​​European Trains", passenger cars of all four classes, 6-axle 26-meter salon cars for the Grand Duke's family, service cars with salons and sleeping compartments, passenger cars for countries with a hot climate, as well as double-decker cars for immigrants going to the Far East.

In 1918 the car building plant was nationalized. He produced passenger freight cars, tank cars, as well as carts and gigs for the Military Technical Directorate and various agricultural implements.

In 1931, in connection with the renaming of the city of Tver to Kalinin, the plant became the Kalinin Carriage Works (and remained so for 60 years - until the return of its historical name to the city in 1991).

In 1932, the building of a new, almost half-kilometer-long car assembly shop was laid, the plant management building was erected, the construction of a mechanical shop, the reconstruction of the woodworking and tool shops began. The electric power industry received new transformers, an oxygen station was built at the plant, which is necessary for organizing gas cutting and welding. But the main innovative process of that time was the introduction for the first time in the domestic car building of electric welding as the main method of joining parts instead of riveting.

In 1934, the number of employees at the plant amounted to 6.5 thousand people, the volume of output exceeded the level of 1913 ten times. In 1937, the plant produced 5736 freight heavy-duty and 418 passenger cars, having exceeded the figures of 1913 by 16.4 times in terms of total production, and became the largest car-building enterprise in Europe.

In 1939, work was launched at the plant to create a compartment all-metal passenger car of a new design. At the beginning of 1940, the experimental cars underwent a test flight on the Moscow-Sochi route and back. The cars received positive reviews operators and were planned for production. All plans were disrupted by the war: the plant had to increase the production of freight cars, and work on the development of a new passenger car was suspended.

Since July 1941, the plant has launched the production of military products: artillery shells, mortars, bombs, ambulances. In parallel with this, the equipment was dismantled and prepared for evacuation to the eastern regions of the country. However, the front advanced so rapidly that only one echelon with equipment and people was able to send to the east.

During the occupation of the city by the Nazi troops, the plant was badly destroyed, ruins lay on the site of the workshops. But already on January 3, 1942 - two weeks after the liberation of the city of Kalinin from the Nazis - an order was received from the People's Commissariat of Medium Machine Building of the USSR on the speedy resumption of the plant's activities. Restoration work has begun. Since October 1943, by decision of the State Defense Committee, the plant was included in the number of the most important defense enterprises of the country: the enterprise produced 18 types of front-line products.

They returned to passenger car building at the Kalinin Carriage Works in 1950. Without stopping the production of freight cars, the car assembly, frame-body and bogie shops were re-planned, the galvanizing section and the garniture shop were re-created, and woodworking production increased several times. Since 1951, the plant has directed all its efforts to the production of all-metal passenger cars.

According to the seven-year plan adopted at the end of the 50s, the plant staff was instructed to master several types of cars. Production from large-scale turned into serial and small-scale production, the share of single orders increased. In 1959, the plant built only one type of passenger car, and in 1965 - already 11 types and modifications. During these years, for the first time in the practice of domestic car building, the plant organized serial production and manufactured a large batch of passenger cars equipped with an air conditioning system and centralized power supply from power cars, which were intended for operation on Central Asian routes, and also ran between Moscow and Leningrad.

Against the backdrop of a dynamic growth in the number of electrified railways, the Kalinin Carriage Works was entrusted with the production of electric train cars - head and trailer. During the period from 1959 to 1969, 4552 electric train cars were manufactured. Mastering the production of electric train cars required organizational and technical restructuring of production. In terms of scale, it turned out to be no less than the one that was carried out a decade earlier during the transition to passenger car building.

In 1961, the plant built an experimental car 23.6 meters long for interregional traffic with an aluminum-magnesium alloy body. The use of new materials made it possible to reduce the weight of the passenger car by 8-10 tons. All the work done made it possible to ensure the growth of one of the most important indicators of progress in car building - the speed of trains. If at the end of the 50s the plant produced long-distance cars designed for speeds up to 100 km / h, then in the mid-60s the plant mastered cars with a design speed of up to 180 km / h.

In 1965, the plant built the Avrora Express, consisting of 9 interregional cars and a power station car, and providing a speed of 160-180 km / h. The Aurora covered the path between Moscow and the northern capital in 4 hours 59 minutes.

Further development of high-speed movement required research in the field of wheel-rail interaction and evaluation of various structural elements of running gear. To accomplish this task in 1970, together with A.S. Yakovlev and VNIIV, a project was implemented for a high-speed motor car with a turbojet drive from two engines of the Yak-40 aircraft. During the tests, the self-propelled laboratory car reached a speed of 249 km/h. It turned out that it can also develop higher speeds, but the existing railway track cannot withstand such loads.

The accumulated experience in the creation of high-speed equipment allowed the factory workers in 1972-73 to build the Russian Troika express train (RT-200). At an operating speed of 200 km / h during the tests, he developed a speed of up to 250 km / h. It was a real breakthrough in car building.

In subsequent years, with the development of perestroika processes in the country, difficult times came for the plant. The state was withdrawing from the economy, and the plant, which had been working for many years as part of the economic integration of the CMEA member countries, was thrown into conditions of fierce competition with Western manufacturers of rolling stock.

The accumulated experience and high professionalism of the team of Tver car builders allowed the enterprise not only to survive in the current conditions, but also to maintain its position in the market. Already in 1989, the plant built an interregional railway carriage model 61-838, designed for speeds up to 200 km/h. This model was intended for testing systems and equipment that were subsequently used in serial production.

In the early 90s, the Tver Carriage Works, which had been building non-compartment cars for decades, mastered the production of cars with a 4-seater compartment - the problem of import substitution of compartment cars, previously produced in Germany, was solved. In the spring of 1993, a presentation of a compartment car model 61-820 of increased comfort with improved technical characteristics and design took place. Its mass production in Tver began in 1994.

In 1993, a new stage in the history of the enterprise began: on May 21, an open joint-stock company "Tver Carriage Works" was formed, to which all the main production assets of the enterprise were transferred. The main activities of the plant remained the manufacture, sale and repair of passenger cars and other rolling stock, the production of components and spare parts for it, the production of consumer goods and construction works, implementation of scientific, technical, commercial and foreign economic activity. The plant continued to produce various types of passenger cars: compartment and reserved seat; staff and SV, open type and with seating, postal-luggage, freight cars and special purpose cars; as well as bogies for passenger cars and for trailer cars of electric trains; wheel pairs with axle boxes for passenger and freight car bogies; iron casting.

In the mid-90s, the plant faced a new task - to develop and master the production of cars with a flat sidewall of the body. It is this design that is used in the world car building. It allows you to expand the internal space of the car, simplify the process of its operation, provide the ability to use this technique in the organization of high-speed traffic. The staff of the enterprise successfully coped with the task and in 1998, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the plant, a new generation car model 61-4170 was manufactured, designed for use at speeds of 200 km/h. The design of the cars implemented solutions that allow the use of the most modern technologies at that time. In particular, stainless steel was used in the body structure, cradleless carts with increased smoothness were used, computerized information and life support systems were installed, environmentally friendly toilets and much more. Such trains as Nevsky Express (2001), Burevestnik (2004) and Red Arrow (2005) were formed from cars of this series.

In the same years, JSC "Russian Railways" began to develop the project "Strategy for the development of railway transport in Russian Federation until 2030”, which was subsequently approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 17, 2008. In order to fully participate in the implementation of the Strategy for the development of railway transport in the Russian Federation in terms of passenger cars, the plant began to prepare in advance. It was necessary to master the production of cars of a new model range, fundamentally different from previously produced models, to increase the plant's capacity to ensure the production of 1,200 cars per year, while maintaining the existing production facilities and infrastructure of the enterprise. These works were carried out in the conditions of the existing production with a simultaneous increase in the production of cars, which, of course, complicated the work and required high professionalism from the team.

The main volume of technical re-equipment of JSC TVZ as part of the development of the production of passenger cars of a new model range fell on the period from 2003 to 2008. The project was implemented in three stages, each of which involved the creation of independent production facilities for the production of promising designs for a new car: a cradleless undercarriage bogie with a disc brake system; wagon interior products using modern structural materials; bodies of increased length made of stainless steels. At the same time, technical re-equipment of the entire production of the plant was envisaged, which ensured an increase in its level to the quality indicators of leading European manufacturers of similar products.

The ideology of the technological process of manufacturing a new product provided, firstly, the creation of a highly efficient production facility that would ensure the production of products in the volumes of the prospective needs of Russian Railways; secondly, ensuring a consistently high level of product quality at all stages of its production; thirdly, the maximum exclusion of the influence of the "human factor" in complex and responsible operations for the manufacture of parts and assemblies that affect the safety of the product; fourthly, the development of flexible technologies that ensure the minimum time for setting up the production of new types of products and efficient small-scale production; fifthly, the creation of harmless and safe working conditions at all workplaces and ensuring environmental safety at the enterprise and its adjacent territories.

Serial production of railcars based on model 61-4440 began in August 2008 .

In order to go from design development to mass production of cars of a new model range, a large number of specialists, auxiliary production workers, and builders had to work hard. The result of the joint work was the technical renewal of the entire production chain.

Simultaneously with the implementation of measures to launch the production of cars of a new model range, work was carried out to increase the production capacity of the plant. If in 2003 the production capacity of OAO TVZ was 625 carriages, then as a result of the work done, by 2009 the plant's capacity had increased to 1,200 passenger carriages per year. To ensure the growth of the plant's production capacity, an intensive path was chosen - equipping the plant's workshops with high-performance equipment and technologies that make it possible to increase production volumes without expanding the total area of ​​the plant. The increase in production space for the period from 2003 to 2009 amounted to about 3000 m 2 (1.5%), while the production capacity of the plant almost doubled.

In difficult economic conditions developed in the country against the backdrop of the crisis, the Tver Carriage Works continued to develop new products and new mechanisms for cooperation, including with the world's leading manufacturers of railway equipment. Tver car builders, in cooperation with the world-famous Siemens concern, have launched a project to create new RIC gauge cars designed for international passenger traffic and designed for traffic both on Russian railways with a gauge of 1520 mm and European ones with a gauge of 1435 mm. According to the contract, OJSC TVZ, in cooperation with Siemens, supplies 200 passenger cars of RIC size to Russian railways for international transportation. They serve routes Moscow - Paris, Moscow - Nice, Moscow - Helsinki, Moscow - Prague, Moscow - Warsaw.

At the same time, OJSC TVZ created a fundamentally new type of rolling stock for Russia - double-decker cars designed to transport passengers over long distances. This project - from the idea to its full implementation - was implemented by the Tver Carriage Works. A prototype of a compartment passenger car was first presented to the professional public in September 2009 at the II International Railway Exhibition of Equipment and Technologies EXPO 1520, where it received high marks from specialists from Russian Railways and transport engineering enterprises. By the summer of 2013, the plant had produced 50 double-decker cars for JSC FPC: compartment cars with four-seater and two-seater compartments, staff cars with the possibility of comfortable travel for passengers with disabilities, including wheelchair users, and restaurant cars with a convenient bar for 4 boarding seats and a dining room for 48 people. Since November 1, 2013, three double-decker trains have been regularly running on the Moscow-Adler route. During the first year of operation, the branded double-decker train No. 104/103 on the Moscow-Adler route carried more than 416 thousand passengers, which is 40% more than in the same period of the previous year, when single-decker cars followed in the train.

In 2014-2015, the Tver Carriage Works built and handed over to JSC FPC another 105 double-deck cars for long-distance trains. Of these, the compositions of branded trains with the message Moscow - St. Petersburg, Moscow - Kazan, Moscow - Samara are formed.

In 2015, double-decker cars with seating were created. They are made in an innovative design and are intended for operation on interregional routes. The first train of 15 such cars set off on July 31, 2015 on the Moscow-Voronezh route. Literally two weeks later - on August 14 - a branded double-decker passenger train with seats No. 46/45 Moscow - Voronezh was included in the Russian Book of Records. It became the first "year-round regular long-distance train with the largest number of passenger seats".

Not limited to the main direction - the production of locomotive-hauled passenger cars, JSC "TVZ" is actively working to expand the range of products and develop new competencies and markets. In 2011, by order of Russian Railways, the plant's specialists created escort cars for special trains. In 2012-2013, the enterprise mastered the production of carriages for the Moscow Metro, which TVZ produced in cooperation with OAO Metrovagonmash.

In 2015, baggage and mail cars and cars for special contingent were built and handed over to customers.

In addition, together with the Transport Systems PC, Tver Carriage Works creates low-floor one- and three-section trams, as well as low-floor trolleybuses.

A fundamentally new direction for the plant was the creation of a new Russian electric train capable of competing with foreign analogues. - a new word in domestic mechanical engineering. It was created using the most modern technical solutions at the moment.

Enterprise managers

Liebke	1897-1898	Meliksetov A.M.	1936
G. Ray	1899	Sedov N.S.	1936
Belonozhkin A.I.	1901	Sternin I.I.	1937
Vondrukat	1902-1903	Gusev E.P.	1937-1938
Castermans	1903-1904	Galyapin I.S.	1938-1939
Styrpeiko	1904	Savchenko N.G.	1939
Orlov	1905-1906	Rumyantsev M.I.	1940-1941
Konstantinov	1908	Gudkov N.F.	1941-1942
Grave	1908-1910	Morozov I.A.	1942-1944
Boychevsky G.P.	1911-1912	Rumyantsev M.I.	1944-1948
Polyakov	1912	Morozov I.A.	1948-1949
Sharlyuto I.D.	1913	Shcherbakov S.K.	1950
Grass M.K.	1913-1918	Lukyanov I.A.	1950-1957
Khromov A.D.	1918-1921	Gendelman A.A.	1957-1964
Gavrilov A.G.	1921	Kozlov A.A.	1964-1966
Grachev	1921-1924	Vershinsky V.V.	1966-1968
Filippov M.G.	1925-1926	Nalivaiko V.M.	1968-1973
Stolbov	1926-1928	Peshekhonov V.A.	1973-1985
Belokhvostov	1928-1929	Shaversky V.P.	1985-1989
Kurnosov P.I.	1929-1930	Buraev A.A.	1989-1996
Vakhrushev	1931	Svetlov V.I.	1996-2002
Kobozev I.G.	1932	Savin V.I	2002-2008
Lipshits E.S.	1933-1936	Vasilenko A.A.	2008- 2012
Aleksandrov G.G.	1936	Nenyukov M.Yu	2012 - 2013
		Solovey A.M.	2013 - present

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Russia's largest manufacturer of railcars for long-distance trains will celebrate its 120th anniversary this year. Today, the Tver plant develops and produces more than fifty modifications of rolling stock, including double-deck cars for long-distance trains, subway cars, the Ivolga high-speed urban electric train, as well as modern low-floor and almost silent Vityaz trams. In the anniversary year, the plant plans to produce about one and a half thousand cars and bodies - not only for the domestic market, there are orders from abroad as well.

1. The Tver plant was founded in 1898. His roots are Franco-Belgian. The enterprise made its debut with the production of freight cars, but since the beginning of the 20th century it has concentrated on rolling stock for passenger transportation. After the revolution, it was nationalized. During the Great Patriotic War, they did not manage to evacuate the plant, it was almost completely destroyed, but the enterprise was quickly restored. Tver (until 1991 - Kalinin) produced all the cars for the Soviet railways.

2. Today, the Tver plant is the only high-tech enterprise in the country that produces single- and double-decker passenger cars, including those for high-speed trains. As well as freight and special, subway cars, trams and other types of products.

3. Cold press shop. Various parts for wagons are produced here on a modern plasma cutting installation: current pulses of 5-10 kilovolts create a plasma arc that quickly and with a smooth edge cuts steel with a thickness from fractions of a millimeter to one and a half tens of centimeters.

4. From plasma arc to metal. The profile forming machine helps to produce arches for the car roof.

5. Rolled steel is shaped by CNC press brakes.

6. On the profiling line in the cold-press shop, a profiled sheet is produced for the side wall of the car.

7. One of the tasks of the fitting shop is to protect bolts and other metal products from corrosion. Here, a galvanic protective coating is applied to hardware and other parts of wagons.

8. Sandblasting area. Details of the wagon bogie are ground with abrasive particles under enormous pressure.

9. Employees of the frame and body shop assemble the side walls (“sidewalls”) of single-deck cars.

10. The welder attaches the flooring to the car frame.

11. The surface of the wagon must be even and smooth. The process of stripping the sidewall of the car.

12. A very crucial moment is the welding of the outer seams on the side walls of the body. Automation helps to create a high-quality seam quickly and stably. The unit uses advanced cold transfer technology and is almost completely spatter-free. The result is a strong and beautiful seam.

13. Assembling the roof of the car in the frame and body shop.

14.

15. The automatic welding of the roof elements is accompanied by constant and strict quality control. The lower the deformation from weld points, the better appearance wagons.

16. Welders work on the roof of the car.

17.

18. Over the past 10 years, the Tver plant has produced more than 7 thousand different passenger cars. The enterprise's capacities allow to produce over a thousand railcars per year.

19. Preparatory work in the painting and drying chamber. The car surface is covered with polyurethane paints and varnishes and dried at 60º C.

20. Car assembly shop. The body of the wagon is moved with the help of a transborder.

21. Transborder is a device for transferring wagons from one section of the workshop to another.

22. Employees of the car assembly shop are ready to mount the sliding door.

23. Before delivery to the technical control department, the last elements of painting are applied to the car.

24. One of the key conditions for passenger comfort is the ventilation system in the passenger compartment.

25. Finished products of the car assembly shop.

26. Passenger and mail cars of various modifications awaiting shipment to customers. The Tver plant has its own railway line with access to the Moscow - St. Petersburg highway.

27.

28. On this line, double-deck cars are assembled - a type of rolling stock that is fundamentally new for domestic roads for transporting passengers over long distances. The Tver plant has already produced more than 150 such cars.

29. The Tver plant produces rolling stock not only for mainline passenger traffic. A welder works on assembling the lead car of the future St. Petersburg metro train.

30. A few years ago, the Tverskoy plant mastered the production of cars for the Moscow Metro together with Metrovagonmash OJSC, both enterprises are part of the Russian Transmashholding.

31. Metro cars of series 81-722 "Yubileyny" were created specifically for the St. Petersburg Metro.

32.

33.

34. Ready car body for the subway.

35. The finished body of the subway car.

36. The Tver Carriage Works produces bodies for modern low-floor trams.

37. A slipway for assembling tram bodies.

38. Installation of the frame of the tram series 71-931M "Vityaz-M".

39. Assembly of the head section "Vityaz-M" for Moscow.

40. Ready "Vityaz-M". The company in Tver has already produced more than 120 trams of this modification of low-floor trams.

41. Foundry.

42. Pouring cast iron for the production of car parts.

43.

44. Truck shop.

45. Production of axles for wheelsets in the bogie shop.

46. Trolley coloring.

47. Bogie pneumatic spring for the newest urban electric train EG2Tv "Ivolga". Thanks to advanced solutions, the train developed in Tver accelerates to 160, and in the future - up to 250 km/h.

48. Elements of the interior of the cars are created in a woodworking shop. Processing of aluminum parts for the interior space of the cars is underway.

49. Assembly of parts of partitions for the interior of the car.

50. Shelves, tables and other elements in carriages on railway the same is called furniture. And they make it in a woodworking shop.

51. The inner surfaces of the wagons are coated with polyester powder paints on an automated line.

52. How neat and high-quality the car furniture will look like is the area of ​​​​special responsibility of the sewing section.

53.

54. Processing of parts on a milling machining center in repair and tool production.

55. The energy "heart" of the plant is the boiler shop.

56. Tver Carriage Works in early XXI century, experienced a serious crisis, in order to save the production unique for Russia, the government of the country took a number of urgent measures (restriction on the purchase of railcars abroad, subsidies from Russian Railways for the purchase of domestic products, the abolition of VAT on long-distance transportation - with the condition that carriers will use the freed resources for purchase of new Russian-made rolling stock).

57. Support from the state has had an effect: the Tver plant today receives a stable profit and develops new types of products.