1 month January. Calendar of national holidays and signs of January. What to do on a walk
January-Prosinets. The new year has come, the yard is full of snow and frosty. Winter is in full swing, and on the clearest days, the frost is especially crackling and stings the ear and nose. The month got its name from the bright sun-filled days - Prosinets.
January: frosty sun
Description of the nature of January (I - II week)
Here it is, the real Russian winter - January. Epiphany frosts are cracking. The sky is clear and clean, the snow blinds the eyes from the bright sunlight. The brighter the sun, the colder the day. January is the most winter month, which accounts for the complete calm and serenity of nature, which rests and gains strength for the upcoming fertile year under a thick layer of snow that has fallen since last month. The temperature is even without sharp jumps -10 - 14 ° C.
The days are getting longer, even nature is already feeling the increase in light. Take at least a sprig of poplar, put it in a vase of water, and small leaves will appear in the warm walls of the house, which means that the sun is turning towards spring, and nature has prepared itself in agonizing expectation.
January in the folk calendar
"New Year- turn to spring "
January in the folk calendar is a bright month full of festive events. From January 7 to 19, according to the new style, these January days were called Svyatki. The days were divided into New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve. Before Christmas time was Christmas Eve. On January 7, the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates a great holiday - the Nativity of Christ, before which the Nativity Fast follows.
Christmas is a bright holiday, the great joy of which is glorified by the church by singing at Great Compline, from which the All-Night Vigil begins and lasts almost all night. The whole day of the great feast of the Nativity of Christ in Russia is accompanied by the ringing of bells and joyful congratulations from the laity.
Especially popular in Russia were Christmas divination on the night of January 13-14. Peasants, men and women wondered about the harvest in the new year, how long the winter would last, and what grace the summer would send. Young girls were guessing at their betrothed. The girls dressed in the most colorful clothes, sat on a long bench in front of the table, and the guys sat on the other side of the table. Then the matchmaker with the guests started songs, accompanying them with long rituals, guessing at the bride and groom. Divination methods were the most sophisticated and different. They divined on candle wax, on milk, fortune-telling on an egg, fortune-telling on the barking of dogs and even on a log. In the last rite, the girl went into the barn and, without looking, took the first log that came across, bringing the grandmother-matchmakers into the light and looked - what a log, so will the future husband.
Winter in Russian poetry
For the poet, Russian winter is a fairy tale in reality. It is not surprising that in the magical forest you can meet unusual fairy tale characters. In a poem by Nikolai Nekrasov, this is frost-voivode:
"It is not the wind that rages over the forest,
Streams did not run from the mountains,
Frost-voivode patrol
Bypasses his possessions."
These same poets are also characterized by a completely different view of winter: everyday, mischievous and cheerful. This look looks at the winter simple people to which winter brings and more work, and more entertainment. Pushkin has the lines:
"Winter! .. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood, updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow..."
And Nekrasov, talking about a meeting in the forest in winter with a peasant boy, wrote:
"Once, in the cold winter time,
I came out of the forest; was hard frost.
I look, it rises slowly uphill
A horse carrying a cart of firewood."
January: middle of Russian winter
Description winter nature January (III - IV week)
The January sun is the strongest sun for the whole winter, although the season of blizzards and snowstorms is still ahead, now the weather outside is even and frosty. AT winter forest the sound of a woodpecker is heard, a titmouse jumps on a branch of a sleeping poplar. Among the naked translucent branches of trees, you can see a cunning squirrel briskly running up the tree trunk to the very crown. The ice on the river is getting stronger day by day, covered with a layer of snow, forming snow-white fields. Where the river is meandering, the current frees the water from ice, and along the banks, growths of ice bridges with mountains of snow accumulate more and more.
During this month, there are no particularly noticeable natural changes. The days are gradually, imperceptibly, gaining weight, the sun is slightly higher than in December, above the horizon line. The sun shines especially brightly during the period of severe frosts, but at the same time it does not share heat at all. The light of the sun is even. blinding and cold. Epiphany frosts occur at the end of January, the weather often becomes cloudless, the wind is not strong, and the frosts are dry and piercing. The snow crunches underfoot and sparkles with thousands of ice crystals in the blinding rays of the winter sun.
The second half of January in the folk calendar
"Athanasius-clematis - the frost is cracking, it freezes the nose"
With might and main go festivities. Christmas time. It's time to celebrate noisy weddings. January in Russia was known as the wedding month. During the day they started sleigh rides, who had fun as best they could, and in the evenings they hid at home, saving the house and household from evil spirits. About evenings after Christmas time they whispered, as if about terrible evenings, in the yard after sunset it could be full of evil spirits.
Are established on Epiphany frosts - on January, 19th. The brighter the sun, the stronger the frost. The icy air is so pure that at night the sky sparkles with a scattering of stars. In January, they already began to judge by the summer. So, on the 21st, the wind will blow from the south - it will be a rainy summer, and if on Gregory, on January 23, frost is noticed on the haystacks, the summer will be wet and cool. January 25 - Tatyana's day. There are special signs on this day. The day is clear with the sun - early spring will come, and if it is covered with snow, - by a rainy summer. He pampered January with a frosty sun, a clean day, and with Athanasius-Lomonos gives his powers to the next month, February. It is not often now that you will see the sun. Ahead of cold, blizzards and severe snowstorms.
Winter in Russian painting
Some artists saw only sadness and despondency in this time of the year, while others saw hope in the coming spring.
(Painting by I. Levitan "Winter in the forest")
Isaac Levitan conveyed his mood in the best possible way through the description of the cold Russian winter. It should be noted right away that this artist was sincerely imbued with a love for nature from an early age, although his childhood was very difficult: he lost his parents early, lived in poverty. His work “In the Winter in the Forest” clearly shows sadness and despondency, and snow is not even able to add a little joy. Every element of the picture looks bleak: the dark sky, lonely and bare trees, the freezing wolf. By the way, Levitan was advised to add a wolf to the picture by his friend Alexei Stepanov in order to increase the feeling of melancholy, despondency and loneliness.
The month of January: what is said about him in proverbs, sayings and folk signs?
January is the subject of many popular expressions in folklore. Let's try to remember them together?
Place of honor on the calendar
About the status of January among fellow winter months, our ancestors used to say this:
The month of January is the sovereign of winter;
January-priest begins the year, dignifies winter;
January is the beginning of the year, the middle of winter.
O family ties with spring-red also reminded: January - spring grandfather. Like, for the cold heat will come. Very optimistic.
Cold is a companion of January
The frosty time, as a characteristic sign of the first month of the year, was also reflected in figurative proverbs, sometimes very bright:
January puts on a sheepskin coat to the toe, paints cunning patterns on the windows, comforts the eye with snow and tears the ear with frost;
January - bokogrey, put on a fur coat soon;
In January, even the pot on the stove freezes;
January puts firewood in the stove;
January is cracking - the ice on the river is full of color;
January - clematis, take care of your nose.
At the same time they noted: if in january march - be afraid in march january, - that is, cold in winter is preferable to cold in spring. According to folk phenology, cold Januarys almost never repeat in a row. And if the month turns out to be dry, frosty and the water in the rivers decreases greatly, then the summer is expected to be dry and hot.
Harvest views
Our ancestors were very attentive to the signs of January. For example, it was believed that if this month there are many frequent and long icicles, then this promises a good harvest. Cold January was a harbinger of dry and hot July, and then do not expect mushrooms until autumn.
But if the beginning of the year brings with it frequent snowfalls and blizzards, then in July - frequent rains. In addition, people rejoiced at the snow, because in January it will inflate the snow - the bread will arrive. Looked at the moon The moon is blue - the grains are stronger. And they also said: Dry January - the peasant is rich; gray January - trouble for bread. But if Epiphany frosts are stronger than Christmas and Sretensky ones, then this is also a favorable sign in relation to the future harvest.
Weather forecast
By observing the behavior of living creatures, the Slavs determined what weather was expected in the near future. So, when sparrows gather down and feathers together near chicken coops to warm their shelters, severe frosts are coming, and when these talkative birds sit on trees and calm down, snow is expected to increase, but with calm. But the bullfinches were supposed to sing before the snowfall.
The habits of crows and jackdaws were also perceived as iconic. They believed that they hover in the air in front of the snow, sit on it - to the thaw, settle on the tops of the trees - to the frost, on the lower ones - to the bucket. Hearing the crows cawing at noon, they tried to notice in which direction the bird turned: to the south - it will get warmer, to the north - it will get colder. They listened: would the woodpecker knock? - because it meant the early arrival of spring.
A dog sleeping, stretched out and spreading its paws, was also perceived as a sign of the upcoming warmth. Even the echo was used as a synoptic tool: if in January it spreads far, then they were preparing for increased frost. They looked at the sun too.
The sun in a circle - to the snow, and in the mittens the sun - to the cold;
The sun's "ears" have grown - to the cold;
The sun comes out in a column - to a blizzard.
The weather was also predicted by the clear month:
About a month, pillars - to frost;
Month "on the hooves" - to the cold, on the back lies - to heat, rain or snow;
If a youngster has steep horns - to bad weather; if gentle - by the year.
And by the stars: if the stars shine brightly - to the cold; few stars in the sky - to bad weather.
1st of January - NEW YEAR; PROV, ILYA MUROMETS, VONIFATY
On this day it was supposed bow to mother earth and remember the glorious deeds folk heroes- Defenders of the Fatherland.
Should pay off all debts before New Year. In the New Year to pay debts - to pay off the whole year. Borrowing money is also not worth it - you won’t repay the debt until the next New Year. It was not allowed to do hard or dirty work on the first day of the year - otherwise the whole year would pass in continuous hard work without rest.
The longer stay in the house Christmas tree the happier the new year will be.
Celebrate the New Year in new clothes.
AT new year's eve guessed- frozen water in a spoon. If in the morning there were frozen bubbles in the spoon, it was a good sign, an omen of a long life - to longevity, a hole from above - to death.
New Year - to spring turn.
There are many stars in the sky for the New Year - there will be many berries.
Starry night for the New Year - a harvest of peas and lentils.
If it's warm on New Year's Eve, rye will be good.
On New Year's Eve, severe frost and little snow - to the harvest of bread, and if it's warm and there is no snow - to crop failure.
In the Russian people Boniface known as drunkenness healer, he is prayed for deliverance from hard drinking.
January 2 - Ignatius the God-bearer
January 3 - PETER HALF-FOOD
4 January - ANASTASIA THE DESIGNER
5 January - NIFONT
January 6 - CHRISTMAS EVE
Eve of the Feast of the Nativity of Christ, just like the eve of the Baptism of the Lord is colloquially called Christmas Eve(companion) from special food - sochiva(hence the name of this evening).
There is a sochivo, as it is believed, taken in imitation of the fast of Daniel and the three youths, remembered before the very feast of the Nativity of Christ, who ate from the seeds of the earth, so as not to be defiled by a pagan meal (Dan. 1, 8), and in accordance with the words of the Gospel: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his field, which, although smaller than all seeds, but when it grows, is larger than all cereals and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and take refuge in its branches”
The main dishes on the table on Christmas Eve are juicy and kutia.
On Holy Evening you can't leave the house, otherwise the cattle in the spring will stray through the forests and swamps.
To weave on Holy Evening is to please misfortune.
The hostess carried the first pancake for Christmas to the sheep, broke it through a sickle so that the sheep's wool (the spirit of the barn) would not be dragged.
The day arrived at the chicken foot (for half an hour).
If in Kutya the sky is starry - a rich offspring of livestock and many berries.
What is the rich flask (hoarfrost) on the trees, such is the color on the bread.
Clear days on Advent for a good harvest.
They tangle the legs of the table so that the cattle do not run.
If the paths in Kutya are black - a harvest for buckwheat.
What is the length of a blade of grass from under the tablecloth in kutya, such will be the flax.
They do not feed chickens so that they do not dig gardens.
On Holy evening, you need to wind tight balls of yarn so that the cabbage heads are tight.
At Christmas and at Epiphany, they burn manure in the middle of the yard so that parents in the next world are warm.
The houses were thoroughly cleaned that day in the morning.
Livestock is fed abundantly on this night.
Sochivo. 1.5 cups of wheat grains, 150 g of poppy seeds, 150 g of shelled walnuts, 5 tablespoons of honey. Peel the grains of wheat, separate the shell from them and cook liquid porridge on water from them. Sweeten to taste. Grind the poppy seeds in a mortar, mix the poppy gruel with honey thoroughly and add to the chilled porridge.
January 7 - NATIVITY
From this day - from Christmas - Christmas time begins. - holy days, consecrated by the great events of the Nativity of Christ, - which stretch until January 19 - the feast of the Baptism of the Lord.
Christmas time is of pre-Christian origin and is associated with the main occupation of the Slavs - agriculture. They were dedicated to the meeting and the beginning of the New Year, the revival of the Sun and the commemoration of the ancestors. The youth arranged games, dressed up in masks and masks, old clothes.
Arrange for Christmas festive table, which must certainly have 12 dishes. 12 - in general, the number is sacred, it is 12 days that Christmas time, holy days, consecrated by the great events of the Nativity of Christ, stretch.
During Christmas time - despite the prohibitions Orthodox Church- in Russia it was customary to carol - to dress up, arrange games, go from house to house, wake up sleeping people, congratulate them on Christmas and New Year, joke, sing songs. The words "carols", "carols", "carols" come from the Greek "kalenda". So the ancient Greeks and Romans called the first days of each month, which were considered holidays. But the Christian Church did not approve of the pagan celebration of Kalends and the New Year. In contrast to them, she established a solemn celebration on these days of the events of the Nativity of Christ and Baptism; and the New Year was moved to March 1st. In "opposition" to pagan carols, purely Christian songs began to spread, in which the Nativity of Christ and, to some extent, Baptism were glorified.
During Christmas time - from January 7 to January 17 - meat, according to the rules of the Orthodox Church, can be eaten every day.
About Svyatki, they do not work with bent work (hoops, runners, etc.), otherwise there will be no offspring of livestock.
Bast shoes to weave - a curve will be born; to sew for Christmas - a blind man will be born.
Dark Svyatki are dairy cows, light Svyatki are nosy hens.
At Christmas, a blizzard - the bees will swarm well.
At Christmas, flask (hoarfrost) - harvest for bread; the sky is starry - harvest for peas.
If at Christmas the path is good - to the harvest of buckwheat.
On the Holy shirt, though inferior, but white; for Christmas, though harsh, but new.
Do not put on a clean shirt for Christmas, unless you renew a harsh one, otherwise wait for a crop failure.
If they sew on Christmas, then a mole rat will be born in the house.
The sun plays five times a year: at Christmas, the Epiphany, the Annunciation, Bright Sunday, the Birth of John.
January 8 - BABIAN porridge
January 9 - STEPANOV WORKS
January 10 - HOUSEHOLD DAY
January 11 - TERRIBLE EVENING
January 12 - ANISYA WINTER
13th of January - GENEROUS, RICH EVENING, MELANIA, VASILEV EVENING
This day in Great Russia is called Vasily's carol, or Vasily's evening, since the next day our church celebrates the memory of Basil the Great.
In Southwestern Russia, this day is called Melanka, named after Saint Melania (Malania), and honored with the name of the Generous, Rich Evening at plentiful, generous evening meals, which were usually arranged on the eve of January 1 of the old style. The concept of abundance and great preparations is always associated with Malanya. Therefore, the people said: “Prepare, like for Malanya’s wedding”, “Dresses up like Malanya for a wedding.”
January 14 - VASILY SVINYATNYK
According to the old style, the New Year is coming, so there is nothing surprising in what exactly Vasiliev day the peasants in Russia considered "Starting point in a year. They, wanting to recall something of the past, said: "It happened on Vasily's Day" - or: "He was hired from Vasilyev's Day to Evdokey", that is, from January 1 to March 1.
On this day, people in Russia went with the wishes of goodness, wealth and peace. On the same day, there was the so-called holiday of Ovsen (the pagan god of fertility), when young people went from house to house and “sowed oats”: they scattered oats from a bag around the house and sang songs to the glory of the future harvest. During the performances, Ovsen rode a piglet, and the mummers followed him.
On this day the seeds were sown. Children, scattering the grains of spring bread, say: "Ugly, God, every living thing according to the bin, that according to the bin, but great, and it would be life for the whole baptized world." The eldest woman in the house collects the grain on the floor and stores it until it is sown.
Basil the Great is considered the patron saint of pigs in our people. Our shepherds deeply revere Basil and are afraid to anger him.
January 15 - CHICKEN HOLIDAY
January 16 - CHARM OF THE COW
January 17 - ZOSIMA-PCHELNYK
January 18 - Epiphany Eve, Hungry Eve
January 18 is the day on the eve of the feast of the Baptism of the Lord, preparing for the feast with fasting. In common parlance, this day is called Epiphany Christmas Eve, or rather - compatriot, from a special dish, sochiv, prescribed by the church charter for eating on this day - boiled grains of wheat or rice.
January 19 - BAPTISM
Epiphany, or Epiphany, happened on the banks of the Jordan River, and John the Baptist did it. At first, John did not want to baptize Jesus, saying, "I need to be baptized by You, and are You coming to me?" But when the Lord said: “Leave it, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness,” he baptized Him. When, after baptism, the Lord emerged from the water, the heavens opened, the Holy Spirit descended on him in the form of a dove, and a voice was heard from heaven: "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased."
In remembrance of the baptism of Christ in the Jordan River, on the feast of Baptism happens procession to the rivers for the blessing of water. This move is called on the way to the Jordan. Blessing of water also happens on the eve of the holiday in temples. With blessed water, the clergy go from house to house. This is for the consecration of both houses and those living in them. A similar walk with holy water also happens on other holidays, for example, on temple holidays.
Water consecrated on the feast of Epiphany is taken from house to house and stored. She is a shrine among Christians, does not deteriorate for whole years, heals diseases.
January 20th - IVAN BRAZHNY
January 21 - EMELYAN - RUN THE BURAN
January 22 - PHILIP
January 23 - GRIGORY-SUMMER-INDEX
January 24 - FEODOSIY-VESNYAK
The 25th of January - TATYANA KRESHENSKAYA
January 26 - Eryoma
January 27 - NINA - RITES OF CATTLE
28 January - PAVLOV DAY
January 29 - PETER-SELF-FOOD
January 30 - ANTON PEREZIMNIK
January 31 - ATHANASIUS LOMONOS
January is a magical, special month of the year, in which every day, every action has a certain meaning. After all, it is at this time that most holidays fall with magical meaning. In addition, the year is born in January and the first days clearly tell what to expect throughout all the months of the year.
It was by weather changes, by the behavior of animals that people tried to understand what changes were expected. Based on such observations, a calendar of folk signs for January appeared.
The name of the month is associated with the name of the Roman god Janus, in Latin which sounds like Januarius. This god was in charge of all doors, entrances and exits, as well as any beginning, up to the beginning human life. He was also responsible for treaties and alliances. And the day dedicated to Janus fell just at the beginning of January, on the 9th. The image of this deity was two-faced, where one face looks into the past, and the second into the future.
Among the people, you can find a wide variety of names for the month that falls in the middle of winter.
Sechen, sichen (in the Little Russian calendar), as the wind blows and whips.
Zimets, prozimets - the month of the middle of winter.
Ice - rivers, ponds, puddles covered with ice.
Blue - from radiance, blue, intensifying in the sky with the addition of the length of the day.
January puts on a sheepskin coat to the toe, paints cunning patterns on the windows, comforts the eye with snow and tears the ear with frost.
For a long time in Russia, January was the eleventh month, when, and later, the fifth when counting the months of the year from September.
And only since 1700 the calendar has been changed. The initiator of such innovations was Peter I, who abolished the ancient chronology associated with the day of the creation of the world. New calendar corresponded to Western European and was associated with the Nativity of Christ.
To do this, he issued two Decrees. In the first dated December 19, 1699, it was stated that the chronology is from Christmas. And in the second, dated December 20, it was already described in detail how Russians should celebrate the New Year.
January-priest begins the year, dignifies winter.
In fact, the calendar corresponded to the Julian chronology.
But in 1918, Russia switched to the Gregorian calendar, according to which the dates shifted by 13 days.
Therefore, the New Year according to the old style, approved by Peter I, was automatically postponed to January 14th.
And so a strange, incomprehensible to other nations, the Old New Year holiday appeared.
It is in January that the holidays beloved by Russians fall. During the winter holidays, a holiday is almost every day.
It is from Christmas Eve that Christmas time begins - the festive festivities last until Epiphany, January 19th. These days, people carol, generous, sow, dive into the hole. Each January holiday has its own customs and rituals, traditions and signs. We offer to read some folk signs of January related to the weather, animals and harvest.
Signs of the month of January - the middle of winter
January is considered a deaf winter, a time when peace and tranquility come in nature. This is the most cold month in a year.
There is a belief about Epiphany frosts, which sometimes reach terrifying levels. However, according to signs, every year January cannot be frosty.
There are no cold Januarys in a row.
Every day people watched the weather to find out what to expect, a thaw or even more frost.
It was on these observations that the peasants planned what to do in the coming days.
Although things are in the village in January - to have fun and go for a walk.
Don't forget to keep the fire in the oven to keep warm.
January puts wood in the stove.
In January, even the pot on the stove freezes.
The day arrives in January and by the end of the month it is already getting longer by almost 1.5 hours.
As the day grows in January, so does the cold.
January is on the threshold, the day has arrived at the sparrow's lope.
The sun is appearing more and more often in the sky and it even seems to be warming.
January is bokogrey.
In winter, the sun shines, but does not warm.
And despite the cold, the month is considered a turning point, since not only the days are increasing, the sun is warming, but all nature is already turning towards spring.
From January the sun turns to summer.
January is the turning point of winter.
January is the grandfather of spring.
So we can safely say that from January the slow preparation of nature for spring begins.
Short-term folk omens and superstitions of January for every day
By natural phenomena predict the coming days. So, the circle around the sun promises the sun for tomorrow. On a bright moon and many stars in the sky, a frosty and clear day. Frost also promises a clear echo, as well as the crackling of firewood in the stove, as well as dry crackling in the forest.
If the echo goes far in January, the frosts will get stronger.
But the wind promised such a rare phenomenon for January as thunder.
Thunder in winter - to an early strong wind.
They also paid attention to the behavior of animals, primarily domestic ones.
The cat hides its nose in its paws - to frost or bad weather.
The cat scratches the floor - to a blizzard or strong wind.
The rooster crows at night - to the subsidence of frost.
The dog stretches out on the floor and sleeps with its paws outstretched - for warm weather.
The behavior of the birds also spoke a lot.
Bullfinches chirped under the window - to increase the temperature.
Crow kr - to the heat, to the north - to the cold. Itit at noon, towards the south
Bullfinches sing when the weather changes - before a snowfall.
Sparrows sit quietly on the trees - it will snow without wind.
Weather signs for spring, summer in January
The weather in January determined what spring would be like when the thaw came.
Warm in January - by late spring.
A woodpecker knocked on a tree in January by early spring.
The mole crawls out of its hole in January - by cold May.
Also on folk omens and observations can predict what the summer will be like.
Cold and dry in January - hot and dry in July.
January frosts to burning summer heat.
Colds in January threaten fires in summer.
Blizzards and snowfalls to summer precipitation.
Snow flakes to precipitation in summer.
Frequent blizzards to frequent rains.
January harvest tips
rainfall and weather in the summer and spring, the peasants were greatly worried, since their main occupation was grain growing and crops directly depended on the weather.
Therefore, many signs were associated specifically with predicting the harvest for the new year.
Dry January - the peasant is rich.
In January, the snow will inflate - the bread will arrive.
In January, many frequent and long icicles hang - the harvest will be good.
Tree branches are icy - there will be a lot of nuts and fruits.
Cloudy weather in January - to a poor harvest in the summer.
Therefore, the peasants rejoiced at the snow and frosty winters which promised good rainfall and high yields.
Folk signs for January on holidays
If we talk about folk holidays, then interesting rituals are also associated with them. First of all, this is Kolyada or Karachun. This holiday is more familiar to our contemporaries as the Christmas of the Sun.
On this day, they not only had fun, but also looked at natural clues.
On the Rich Kutya (Christmas) you can see the starry sky, then chickens will rush well.
Moonlit night - harvest on melons.
It will snow - big harvest apples.
Hoarfrost on trees - to the grain harvest.
Also in January, the fertility of the land is celebrated on Epiphany (January 19) and St. Basil (January 13).
These days they sanctify the water and carry out rituals for the expulsion of frost.
AT winter rites a combination of pagan traditions and Christian rituals was embodied.
From Christmas until the old New Year, you can not sweep the rubbish from the house.
Baptism under a full month - to be big water.
If Epiphany frosts are stronger than Christmas ones, the year will be fruitful.
Snow on Epiphany will inflate - bread will arrive.
The usual kutya or sochivo, which is prepared for Christmas and Epiphany Eve, is a kind of sacrifice to the forces of nature. Besides natural forces coaxed by agricultural magic. People were asking these days for large harvests, protection for plants, for livestock.
- January(prosynet). "The beginning of the New Year, the middle of winter," people have long said about this month. And conventionally they depict him as two-faced: with an old face he is turned to the past, young - to the future.
The crow cries at noon, towards the south - towards warmth, towards the north - towards cold.
Bullfinches sing when the weather changes - before a snowfall.
Sparrows sit quietly on the trees - it will snow without wind.
The dog stretches on the floor and sleeps with its paws spread out - to warm weather.
In January, many frequent and long icicles hang - the harvest will be good.
As the day grows in January, so does the cold.
In January, the snow will inflate - the bread will arrive.
If January is dry, frosty and the water in the rivers decreases greatly, then the summer will be dry and hot.
From January the sun turns to summer.
January is on the threshold, the day has arrived at the sparrow's lope.
January puts wood in the stove.
January puts on a sheepskin coat to the toe, paints cunning patterns on the windows, comforts the eye with snow and tears the ear with frost.
January-father - frosts, February - blizzards.
January - the first winter month - was called in Russia "prosinets", because for the first time after the low gloomy sky of December, "thawed patches" appeared - islets blue sky. But January was also famous for snowstorms and frosts. That is why the Russians called it "cut", the Czechs and Slovaks - "ice", the Serbs - "zimets" and "prozimets". In addition, in Russia, January was called Vasil-month in honor of St. Basil the Great, whose day fell on January 1 - the turning point of winter. In Russian proverbs, January is famous as "the beginning of the year, the middle of winter." They said that in January the day is already added by two hours (after the day winter solstice, December 24, begins the turn to summer).
Once upon a time in Russia, the year began with March, so January was the eleventh month in a row; later the New Year was celebrated in September, on Semyon-day, and January became the fifth month of the year; and after the introduction of a new chronology by Peter I in 1700, it became the first of twelve months.
In some houses, at least interesting custom: on New Year's Eve, the girl put the first piece of the festive dinner under her pillow and before going to bed invited her betrothed to come and taste her dish. Then he appeared to her in a dream - he came for a treat.
January - Latin name the first month of the year (Januarius). It is so named because it was dedicated by the ancient Romans to Janus, the god of peace. In our country, in the old days, it was called Prosinets, as it is believed, from the blue of the sky beginning to appear at this time, radiance, from strengthening, with the addition of day, sunlight. This name is constantly found in our ancient calendars and calendars.
The name of January Sochen indicates either the turning point of winter, which, according to popular belief, occurs precisely in January, for the dissection of winter into two halves, or for crackling, severe frosts. In Russia, the month of January was originally the eleventh in a row, for March was considered the first, but when the year began to be counted from September, January became the fifth; finally, since 1700, since the change made in our chronology by Peter the Great, this month has become the first. Peter the Great, wishing to agree with the Western European calendar, the beginning of the new Russian year, canceled the ancient chronology from the creation of the world and set to introduce time reckoning from the Nativity of Christ. To this end, the reformer of Russia issued two decrees in 1699: in the first decree on December 19, he ordered to write henceforth from January 1 in all papers of the summer from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world, - “but if someone does not want to,” it was said in this decree, then write both from the creation of the world and from the Nativity of Christ. In the second decree, which followed the day after the first, the very reason for the change in the chronology was revealed and it was indicated how the beginning of the new one should be celebrated. century in Moscow. Thus, from Peter the Great to the present, the month of January is considered the initial month of the new civil year although the church still celebrates its own church year in the old way - from September 1.
AT Ancient Rome When the calendar was formed, the months of January and February were named after the gods Janus and Februs. Janus was in charge of doors, entrances and exits, and in general every beginning, including the beginning of human life, and was also the patron of agreements and unions. Janus Day was celebrated on January 9th. Janus was depicted as two-faced: one face was turned to the past, the other to the future. But januaris and februaris were added to the already existing ten months of the year and for some time were considered recent months. Then they were carried to the beginning of the year, and the Januarius turned out to be the first month and began to truly correspond to its “two-facedness” - the past year was cut off in January and a new one began.
January, like other months folk calendar, several titles. Among them is the section, i.e., cutting the winter in half. Another name is blueberry. V. I. Dal in " explanatory dictionary"He suggested: "prosinets" - is it not because in the strong January frosts the ice seems blue?". However, academician B. A. Rybakov believed that the “prosinets” was considered among the ancient pagan Slavs as a month of requests and spells for the whole year.
The folk characterization of January is simple and practical: “The beginning of the year is the middle of winter.”
January - the first winter month - was called in Russia "prosinets", because for the first time after the low gloomy firmament of December, "thawed patches" appeared - islands of blue sky. But January was also famous for snowstorms and frosts. That is why the Russians called it "cut", the Czechs and Slovaks - "ice", the Serbs - "zimets" and "prozimets". In addition, in Russia, January was called Vasil-month in honor of St. Basil the Great, whose day fell on January 1 - the turning point of winter. In Russian proverbs, January is famous as "the beginning of the year, the middle of winter." It was said that in January the day is already added by two hours (after the day of the winter solstice, December 24, the turn to summer begins).
Once upon a time in Russia, the year began with March, so January was the eleventh month in a row; later the New Year was celebrated in September, on Semyon-day, and January became the fifth month of the year; and after the introduction of a new chronology by Peter I in 1700, it became the first of twelve months.
On February 20, 1918, a new chronology was introduced in Russia. We remind you that in order to convert the date from the old style to the new one, you need to add 11 days to the old style date for the 18th century, 12 days for the 19th century. and 13 days for the 20th century. Therefore, on the night of January 13-14, the Old New Year is celebrated.
And on the night of December 31 to January 1, according to tradition, they celebrate the New Year. It is no coincidence that on this day they congratulate each other "Happy New Year, new happiness." At midnight, when the clock strikes 12 times, everyone makes their most cherished wishes, which must come true in the coming year. There is also a more complex ritual. Before the clock starts to beat 12 times, paper and pencil are prepared. With the onset of the New Year, you need to have time to write a wish on paper, burn the paper, stir it in a glass of champagne and drink it while the clock is still striking. Then the wish will surely come true.
Other signs were associated with the celebration of the New Year. On New Year's Eve, in severe frost, they froze water in a spoon. If the ice ended up in bubbles - to good health and longevity. If there was a hole in the center, this foreshadowed an illness or even death, and not necessarily the person who thought of it, but, possibly, someone close to him.
There was also a variation card divination: on New Year's Eve, the girls put four card kings from the deck under the pillow. Whichever dream or will be pulled out first in the morning - such will be the groom.
In some houses, an equally interesting custom was observed: on New Year's Eve, the girl put the first piece of the festive dinner under her pillow and invited her betrothed to come and taste her dish before going to bed. Then he appeared to her in a dream - he came for a treat. Sometimes on New Year's Eve, going to bed, they "paved a bridge" from twigs, chips and splinteres and covered it with a pillow. In the morning, they remembered a dream they had had and wondered about fate in the coming year. Happy dream foretelling imminent marriage, children and prosperity in the house, was described in the proverb: “A cat is on the stove, a goose is on the floor, a winch is on the benches, a dove is on the windows, a clear falcon is at the table.” Sleeping with a cat and a cat was considered especially happy. Remember the description of fortune-telling by Pushkin in the novel "Eugene Onegin": "Dear koshurka to the heart of virgins." In the comments, Pushkin noted what he had in mind folk song, sung during fortune-telling: “The cat is calling the koshurka on the stove to sleep,” which foreshadowed an imminent marriage.
Each year is divided into 4 seasons, and each season into 3 months. As a result, every year we live for 12 months and each of them is unique in its own way and is associated for us with different events. Naturally, each month has its own unique name. Do you know where these names came from? In this article, we will just tell you about the origin of the names of the months.
1. January. The first month of the new year got its name in honor of the god Janus - the god of time, doors and gates. Symbolically, this can be deciphered as "The door to the new year."
2. February. February has always been considered the coldest month of the year. No wonder in the days of the Slavs it was called lute ("severe frost"). But the month of February itself is named after the Etruscan god Februus, the god of the underworld.
3. March. The first month of spring was named after the ancient Roman god of war, Mars, father of Romulus. But what about spring and the god of war? and despite the fact that Mars was not only the god of war, but also the god of farmers and rural workers. The ancient Slavs called this month "protalnik" due to the fact that the snow began to melt and the first thawed patches appeared.
4. April. This month was again named after the ancient god, or rather ancient greek goddess Aphrodite. In this month, everything blooms, a spring mood appears, therefore, among the Slavs, this month was also called pollen and birch.
5. May. The warmest spring month was again named after the goddess, or rather the ancient Roman goddess Maya, who personified the fertile land and blossoming nature. The Slavs called this month Traven.
6. June. The first summer month was named after the famous ancient Roman goddess Juno, who was the wife of Jupiter, was the goddess of fertility, the mistress of rain and the keeper of marriage. The Slavs called this month izok (“grasshopper”) or worm.
7. July. The hottest summer month was named, surprisingly, not in honor of a god or goddess, but in honor of the well-known Roman emperor. Before that, July was called "Quintilius", which meant "Fifth", and it was the fifth because before a year began not in January, but in March.
8. August. The name of this month also came from the famous Roman emperor Octavian Augustus. Before that, the month was called "Sextilius", which meant (I think everyone understood) "Sixth". As mentioned earlier, the year in the Roman calendar used to begin with March, so August was also the sixth month. The Slavs called this month "Serpen", i.e. time to mow the grass.
9. September. The name came simply from the word "Seven" (Septem - September). I think it's okay to comment here. Everything has been said above. Our ancestors called this month "Frowning" due to the fact that in this month the sky began to frown.
10. October. Everything is similar here. The fantasy is over. The number "Eight" in Latin was pronounced as "Octo", hence October (October), i.e. eighth month. The Slavs also called knead plainly - Listopad.
11. November. No comments. Novem was translated as "Nine", i.e. ninth month (November).
12. December. The first winter month and the last month of the outgoing year! But it was also named after its serial number "Tenth" (Decem - December).
And what do we see? The first 6 months were named after ancient gods and goddesses, two summer months- in honor of the ancient Roman emperors, and the last four did not come up with a name, so they wear serial numbers. But nevertheless it is very interesting topic and you now know the origin of the names of all the months.