God Zeus

Zeus with a cornucopia. Sculpture of the fountain in Petrodvorets.

Zeus("bright sky"), in Greek mythology, the supreme deity, the son of the titans Kronos and Rhea. The almighty father of the gods, the lord of the winds and clouds, rain, thunder and lightning caused storms and hurricanes with a blow of the scepter, but he could also calm the forces of nature and clear the sky of clouds. Kronos, fearing to be overthrown by his children, swallowed all the older brothers and sisters of Zeus immediately after their birth, but Rhea instead younger son gave Kropos a stone wrapped in diapers, and the baby was secretly taken out and raised on the island of Crete. The matured Zeus sought to pay off his father. His first wife, the wise Metis ("thought"), the daughter of the Ocean, advised him to give his father a potion, from which he would vomit all swallowed children. Having defeated the Kronos who gave birth to them, Zeus and the brothers divided the world among themselves. Zeus chose the sky, Hades - the underworld of the dead, and Poseidon - the sea. The land and Mount Olympus, where the palace of the gods was located, were decided to be considered common.

The influence of Zeus extended to all spheres; True, he had no power over fate. Therefore, in vain did the Nereid Thetis, who at one time called upon the hundred-armed giants to help Zeus, pray to him in vain, to save her son Achilles from death in the Trojan War. Being the "father of men and gods", Zeus was a formidable punishing force. At his command, Prometheus was chained to a rock, stealing the divine fire for people; he sent a flood to the earth and unleashed the Trojan War, punishing the human race for wickedness. But over time, the world of Olympians changes and becomes less cruel. Ores, daughters of Zeus from Themis, his second wife, brought order into the life of gods and people, and Charites, daughters from Eurynome, the former mistress of Olympus, brought joy and grace; the goddess Mnemosyne gave birth to Zeus 9 muses. Thus, in human society took their place law, sciences, arts and moral standards. Zeus was also the father of famous heroes - Hercules, Dioscuri, Perseus, Sarpedon, glorious kings and sages - Minos, Radamanth and Aeacus. True, Zeus's love affairs with both mortal women and immortal goddesses, which formed the basis of many myths, caused constant antagonism between him and his third wife Hera, the goddess of legal matrimony. Some children of Zeus born out of wedlock, such as Hercules, were severely persecuted by the goddess. In Roman mythology, Zeus corresponds to the omnipotent Jupiter.

In ancient Greece, people were pagans and believed in existence a large number gods and their helpers. So, the main god of the ancient pantheon was Zeus, nicknamed the Thunderer. He was credited with controlling thunder, lightning and the entire sky.

Zeus and the other 12 major gods lived on top of Mount Olympus, which is why they were also called "Olympians". Many ancient Greek kings and military commanders claimed that they were descendants of the god Zeus. This god was fair and always sought to keep the balance of things in the world. In addition, Zeus controlled the weather and created it depending on his mood. When he was in high spirits, he blessed the world with good weather. In a bad spirit, he arranged rains, winds, lightning and could even cause some kind of climatic disaster.

Zeus was the supreme god of all Greeks. In Roman culture, he received the name Jupiter. His symbols were an eagle, an oak, a royal scepter, and also a thunder. He was originally the god of the sky and heavenly powers. People in those days believed that Zeus was the only god who was engaged in the well-being of the entire universe constantly throughout the day. Later, the Greeks began to associate Zeus with justice. He severely punished evil people and ill-wishers and rewarded people who do good.

Zeus was the sixth child born to the titans Kronos and Rhea. Since his father Kron at one time was afraid that one of his own children would take away his power, he simply swallowed them immediately after birth. But Zeus's mother saved him by hiding him from his father on the island of Crete, where baby Zeus grew up and overthrew his father's power, freeing his older five brothers and sisters. The supreme god of thunder was considered the most powerful of all the Olympians. Zeus could not control only the goddesses of Fate. In addition, Zeus was a very loving man and had many extramarital affairs, from which demigod children appeared, who later became the heroes of Hellas. These novels provoked conflicts between Zeus and his wife, the goddess Hera.

The ancient Greeks depicted Zeus as a strong, handsome, mature man with wavy curls falling to his shoulders, sitting on a golden throne with a scepter in one hand and striking lightning bolts in the other. Zeus' lightning bolts were a gift from the Cyclopes, whom he freed from captivity after defeating his father. The sacred animal of Zeus was the eagle. In addition, if the Thunderer was depicted in battle attire, instead of a scepter, he had a powerful shield, which was called Aegis.

Option 2

In the mythology of ancient Greece, the main god of Olympus was Zeus. He was rightfully considered the father of all gods and people, because he was the most powerful of them. He was called the Thunderer, because his weapons were thunder and lightning. During wars, he sent storms, supporting the army of troops by instilling confidence and courage in their souls. The enemy army, on the contrary, experienced horror and depression, and therefore lost. For this god was nicknamed Zeus the Victorious.

Birth of Zeus

The genealogy of the supreme god leads to the god Kronos and the titanide Rhea. According to mythology, Zeus' father Kronos ate all his children because of the prediction that the god would be defeated by his own child. But at some point, the mother of Zeus, Rhea, deceived her husband by giving him a stone instead of a child, and she herself hid her son on the island of Crete, giving him to be raised by the Curetes and Corybantes.

Rise to power

As time went on, Zeus grew up and decided to oppose his father. First of all, he forced Kronos to spit out his brothers and sisters: Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Hestia, Demeter. In gratitude for their freedom, they gave Zeus thunder and lightning. And then it started Great War, which lasted 10 years and ended with the victory of Zeus over his father. All together, the gods cast him into Tartarus.

Separation of spheres of influence

After defeating their father, the three brothers, after conferring, decided to divide their spheres of influence. Zeus chose to rule the sky, Poseidon - the sea, Hades - the kingdom of the dead.

Helpers of the Supreme God

Zeus had three assistants who maintained order in the world of people and gods:

1. Themis punished lawbreakers.
2. Dike did justice if it was violated.
3. Nemesis wrought retribution and punished criminals.

Thanks to such control, the rulers wisely and reasonably disposed of their power, and crafts, agriculture and art developed on earth.

Zeus husband

Zeus had three wives:

1. Metis is the first wife of the supreme god. It was she who helped Zeus free his brothers and sisters by making a potion for Kronos. Unfortunately, she suffered a sad fate. There was a prophecy according to which their son would outshine Zeus in everything. Upon learning of his wife's pregnancy, Zeus swallowed her.
2. Themis - the goddess of justice, was the 2nd wife of the supreme god. They had 3 daughters and 3 sons.
3. Hera is the goddess who patronizes marriage and motherhood, 3rd wife.

Children of Zeus

Hera gave birth to Zeus the son of Hephaestus, the titanides Leto - Apollo. Athena, according to mythology, was created by Zeus himself, since she appeared from his head. The gods Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus and Eros are also children of the supreme god. On earth, Zeus also had beloved women who gave birth to such heroes as Hercules, Harmony, Elena, Perseus.

Zeus is known for his wise rule. Majestic temples were erected in his honor. All of them were roofless. It was believed that since Zeus is the god of the sky, this is how he will hear and see the asking person during prayer or sacrifice.

Report of Zeus - the god of ancient Greece and his history

Zeus is the ancient Greek mythological immortal god over all gods and people, mortal and immortal, the lord of the sky, thunder and lightning, living on Olympus.

The requisites of Zeus were a shield, a scepter, a chariot drawn by eagles, a double-sided ax, referred to in Greek as a labrys, the eagle itself, but in most mythology Zeus reincarnated into him, as well as into many other animals.

Zeus was always with his three servants - Power, Strength and Victory (Nika).

The most powerful god was so strong that all the gods together, united, could not overthrow him.

Commanding people and gods, Zeus distributed good and evil with the help of two bowls standing near his throne, founded shame and conscience, punished people, could look into the future, founded legislation, established kings, guarded the poor and sick, honored traditions and followed, for people to follow the rules. In addition, thanks to Zeus, people and gods began to live better than ever before. Zeus ate for the prayers and worship of people.

Zeus was born in the third generation of gods, from the titans Kronos and Rhea. According to the prediction, Kronos should be killed by his own child, and fearing this, he swallowed newborn babies. But Rhea, wanting to deceive her husband, secretly gave birth to another child and named him Zeus, while Kronos was given to swallow a stone in a diaper. According to the legends, Zeus was raised in the deepest secret and protected in every possible way so that Kronos would not find out about him.

Having matured, Zeus took out a potion that made Kronos spit out his children. Thus, Zeus had two brothers - Hades and Paseidon, and two sisters - Hestia and Demeter. After a long war that lasted 10 years, Zeus won over the titans, becoming the main one among all.

Having played the lot, Zeus had dominance in the sky, Paseidon got the sea, Hades went into the kingdom of the dead underground. Hestia became the goddess of the family hearth and sacrificial fire, Demeter gained honor among the gods in the person of the goddess of fertility and agriculture.

Zeus was popular among women, of whom he had quite a few, and therefore had many children. The first wife was Metis, the goddess of wisdom, whom Zeus, in order not to repeat the mistakes of his father, swallowed in a pregnant state due to a prophecy according to which the child born by her was to overthrow Zeus. The second is the goddess of justice Themis, the third official wife was Hera, she is also the goddess of marriage, in other words, his sister Hestia.

Zeus did not recognize his equals, however, from different women he was born: Hephaestus, a miracle blacksmith; Apollo (the most beautiful of men) and Artemis (the goddess of hunting and chastity); Athena - the goddess of courage and wisdom; Hermes is the god of trade; Dionsis - the god of winemaking; Eros is the god of love, the heroes are Hercules, Perseus, Elena, etc.

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He is the supreme god of Olympus, the god of all gods. But how much do you know about Zeus beyond that? So, we bring to your attention 10 interesting facts about the main character of Olympus.

Dolce&Gabbana's spring/summer 2014 men's collection - "Mythological Sicily" (Sicilia Mitologica) - is literally saturated with Magna Graecia and its amazing temples, such as those in the Valley of the Temples of Agrgento: the temples of Taormina and the Temple of Apollo in Syracuse have become a source of inspiration for the whole collections. Here is a fantastic triumph of the prints of the ancient gods: Zeus, representing strength and creation in Greek mythology, and Apollo, representing light, the sun, goodness and beauty. But did you know that Zeus had almost 70 children? We offer you 10 facts that you probably did not know about the king of all gods and goddesses.

1. Zeus's father wanted to eat him.

Kronos and Rhea had several children: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades and Poseidon. However, he ate them all as soon as they were born, because Gaia and Uranus predicted to him that his own son would overthrow him, as he himself overthrew his father.

Rhea, pregnant with Zeus, found Gaia to ask her to save her son, who could punish Kronos for crimes against Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth to Zeus in Crete, and gave Kronos to eat a stone wrapped in the baby's clothes.

2. Zeus was brought up by…things.

For example, a goat named Amalthea. And the corybantes - soldiers and petty gods - at that moment danced, shouted and banged their spears on their shields so that Kronos would not hear the cry of a child.

He was also raised by a nymph named Adamantia. Kronos ruled on Earth, in the skies and on the sea. Adamantia hid Zeus by hanging him on a rope from a tree, so that he hung between earth, sea and sky and was out of sight of his father.

He was also raised by the nymph Kinosura. In gratitude, Zeus then placed her among the stars.

He was also raised by Melissa, who fed him goat milk and honey.

He was also raised by a shepherd's family on the condition that their sheep be saved from wolves.

3. Zeus saved his brothers and sisters.

After becoming a man, Zeus made Kronos regurgitate first the stone and then his siblings in reverse swallowing order. In some versions of the myths, Metis gave Kronos an emetic to make him do it, and in others, Zeus ripped open Kronos' stomach. Zeus then freed Kronos' brothers - the Giants, the Hekatoncheirs and the Cyclopes - from their dungeon in Tartarus, killing their guard Campa.

In gratitude, the Cyclopes gave Zeus thunder and lightning. Together with his brothers and sisters, as well as with the Giants, Hecatoncheirs and Cyclopes, Zeus overthrew Kronos and other Titans in great battle Titanomachy. Then the defeated titans were exiled to a dark corner underworld- Tartar. Atlas - one of the Titans who fought against Zeus - was punished by having to hold the sky.

4. His wife Hera was his sister, and his other wives were also his relatives.

In most ancient myths, firstborns had to marry each other, despite being related, because there were few people with whom one could continue the lineage. Therefore, Zeus married his sister Hera (who, according to some versions of the myths, was also his twin). A nymph named Pluto was the mother of King Tantalus of Lydia (by Zeus), and since Pluto's father was Cronus, this means that she was also Zeus's sister (or at least paternal sister). Zeus cheated on Hera with one of his sisters, but it wasn't Demeter. According to Hesiod's Theogony, Zeus was married six times before taking Hera as his wife.

5. Since he had so many wives, he had dozens of children.

He had many children with goddess wives or demigoddesses or mortals. In total, he had about 70 women, respectively, there were even more children.

6. Zeus has many names.

Olympian Zeus refers to Zeus' rule over all gods. Zeus Panellenios, Zeus Gorky - i.e. Zeus, oath-keeper. Zeus Agora: Zeus oversaw the affairs of the agora and punished dishonest merchants. Zeus Xenius, Philius and Gospid: Zeus was the patron saint of hospitality (xenia) and guests and was ready to take revenge on all who harmed strangers. Zeus Aegioch - this term comes from the word αἴξ ("goat") and is taken from the myth of how he was raised by Amalthea.

7. Many mountains are associated with Zeus.

Many mountains were dedicated to Zeus: in the region of Thessaly, Olympus, Pelias and Eta; in Arcadia - Lyceum and Mount Itoma in Messenia; in Attica - Parnet and Imetto; in Boeotia, Kiteron; in Phokis - Parnassus; in Troy - Ida, another mountain called Ida on the island of Crete and many others.

8. Zeus was represented in different ways.

Zeus was represented in different images, but one detail was always present: he was always depicted with the symbol of kings and gods - the scepter, which mortal kings received from him to administer power and justice.

9. He was NOT SO good.

Zeus was also revered as a multiple god, with a two-sided soul, and therefore he was both a good and an evil god.

10. Zeus - truly unique type god.

For all its vicissitudes, the image of Zeus cannot be compared to any of the other Indo-European gods with the same powers or names (such as Varuna, or Wodan). The feature of the father of the universe, expressed by the epic phrase "father of mortals and gods", goes back to the prehistoric era, as well as power over the weather.

Religion played a major role in Everyday life ancient Greeks. The main gods were considered the younger generation of celestials, who defeated their predecessors, the titans, who personified the universal forces. After the victory, they settled on the sacred Mount Olympus. Only Hades, the ruler of the kingdom of the dead, lived underground in his domain. The gods were immortal, but very similar to people - they were characterized by human features: they quarreled and reconciled, committed meanness and weaved intrigues, loved and cunning. A huge number of myths that have survived to this day, exciting and fascinating, are associated with the pantheon of Greek gods. Each god played his part, occupied certain place in a complex hierarchy and performed the function assigned to it.

The supreme god of the Greek pantheon is the king of all gods. He commanded thunder, lightning, the sky and the whole world. Son of Kronos and Rhea, brother of Hades, Demeter and Poseidon. Zeus had a difficult childhood - his father, the titan Kronos, fearing competition, devoured his children immediately after birth. However, thanks to his mother Rhea, Zeus managed to survive. Strengthened, Zeus threw his father from Olympus to Tartarus and received unlimited power over people and gods. He was very revered - the best sacrifices were brought to him. The life of every Greek from infancy was saturated with the praise of Zeus.

One of three main gods of the ancient Greek pantheon. Son of Kronos and Rhea, brother Zeus and Hades. He obeyed water element, which he got after defeating the titans. He personified courage and a quick temper - it was possible to appease him generous gifts.. but not for long. The Greeks blamed it for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. He was the patron saint of fishermen and sailors. The invariable attribute of Poseidon was a trident - with it he could cause storms and break rocks.

Brother of Zeus and Poseidon, closing the top three most influential gods of the ancient Greek pantheon. Immediately after birth, he was swallowed by his father Kronos, but was subsequently released from the womb of the latter by Zeus. He ruled the underground kingdom of the dead, inhabited by the gloomy shadows of the dead and demons. One could only enter this kingdom - there was no turning back. One mention of Hades caused awe among the Greeks, because the touch of this invisible cold god meant death for a person. Fertility also depended on Hades, giving a harvest from the depths of the earth. He commanded the underground riches.

Wife and sister of Zeus. According to legend, they kept their marriage a secret for 300 years. The most powerful of all the goddesses of Olympus. The patroness of marriage and conjugal love. Protected mothers during childbirth. She was distinguished by her amazing beauty and ... monstrous character - she was vicious, cruel, quick-tempered and jealous, often sending attacks on the earth and people. Despite its character, it was revered by the ancient Greeks almost on a par with Zeus.

God of unjust war and bloodshed. Son of Zeus and Hera. Zeus hated his son and tolerated it only because of his close relationship. Ares was distinguished by cunning and treachery, starting a war only for the sake of bloodshed. He had an impulsive, irascible character. He was married to the goddess Aphrodite, from her he had eight children, to whom he was very attached. All images of Ares contain military paraphernalia: a shield, helmet, sword or spear, sometimes armor.

Daughter of Zeus and the goddess Dione. Goddess of love and beauty. Personifying love, she was a very unfaithful wife, easily falling in love with others. In addition, she was the embodiment of eternal spring, life and fertility. The cult of Aphrodite was very revered in ancient Greece - magnificent temples were dedicated to her and great sacrifices were made. An invariable attribute of the goddess's attire was a magical belt (the belt of Venus), which made those who wore it unusually attractive.

Goddess of just war and wisdom. She was born from the head of Zeus .. without the participation of a woman. Born in full combat gear. Depicted as a virgin warrior. She patronized knowledge, crafts and arts, sciences and inventions. She is credited with inventing the flute. She was a favorite of the Greeks. Her images invariably accompanied the attributes (or at least one attribute) of a warrior: armor, spear, sword and shield.

Daughter of Kronos and Rhea. Goddess of fertility and agriculture. As a child, she repeated the fate of her brother Hades and was devoured by her father, but then she was saved by being taken out of his womb. She was the lover of her brother Zeus. From a relationship with him, she had a daughter, Persephone. According to legend, Persephone was kidnapped by Hades, and Demeter wandered the earth for a long time in search of her daughter. During her wanderings, the land was struck by crop failure, which caused famine and death of people. People stopped bringing gifts to the gods, and Zeus ordered Hades to return the mother's daughter.

Son of Zeus and Semele. The youngest of the inhabitants of Olympus. God of winemaking (he was credited with the invention of wine and beer), vegetation, the productive forces of nature, inspiration and religious ecstasy. The cult of Dionysus was distinguished by uncontrollable dancing, bewitching music and immoderate drunkenness. According to legend, Hera, the wife of Zeus, who hated the illegitimate child of the Thunderer, sent madness to Dionysus. He himself was credited with the ability to drive people crazy. Dionysus wandered all his life and even visited Hades, from where he rescued his mother Semele. Once every three years, the Greeks held Bacchic festivities in memory of the campaign of Dionysus against India.

Daughter of the Thunderer Zeus and the goddess Leto. She was born at the same time as her twin brother, the golden-haired Apollo. Virgin goddess of hunting, fertility, female chastity. Patroness of women in childbirth, bestowing happiness in marriage. Being a protector during childbirth, she was often depicted as having many breasts. In honor of her, a temple was built in Ephesus, which was one of the seven wonders of the world. Often depicted with a golden bow and a quiver over her shoulders.

God of fire, patron of blacksmiths. Son of Zeus and Hera, brother of Ares and Athena. However, the paternity of Zeus was questioned by the Greeks. Various versions have been put forward. One of them - the obstinate Hera gave birth to Hephaestus from her thigh without male participation, in revenge on Zeus for the birth of Athena. The child was born weak and lame. Hera refused him and threw him off Olympus into the sea. However, Hephaestus did not die and found shelter with the sea goddess Thetis. The thirst for revenge tormented Hephaestus, rejected by his parents, and in the end he had a chance to take revenge. Being a skilled blacksmith, he forged a golden throne of incredible beauty, which he sent as a gift to Olympus. The delighted Hera sat on him and immediately found herself bound by previously invisible fetters. No persuasion and even the order of Zeus had no effect on the blacksmith god - he refused to release his mother. Only Dionysus was able to cope with the shrew, having drunk him.

Son of Zeus and Pleiades Maya. God of trade, profit, eloquence, agility and athleticism. He patronized merchants, helping them to get generous profits. In addition, he was the patron of travelers, ambassadors, shepherds, astrologers and magicians. He also had another honorary function - he accompanied the souls of the dead to Hades. He was credited with the invention of writing and numbers. From infancy, Hermes was distinguished by a penchant for theft. According to legend, he even managed to steal the scepter from Zeus. He did it as a joke ... as a baby. The invariable attributes of Hermes were: a winged rod capable of reconciling enemies, a wide-brimmed hat and winged sandals.

Zeus, the mythological god of ancient Hellas, is known in our time by literary works, paintings by artists, statues of those times. It looks like a man of a rather dense physique in adulthood.

Despite his mythical title of the Thunderer, won over the centuries, in many portraits he does not have an evil expression on his face, noble features are visible; dense overgrown Wavy hair and beard.

Apparently, the Greeks spared him because of his age, not depicting him completely naked, as in the Roman version, or like Apollo, by the way, his own son. Usually he was in a fabric cape and always with an open powerful torso - this is what the god Zeus looks like.

Statue of Zeus - one of the seven wonders of the world

Zeus here and there

AT Slavic mythology greek god Zeus is known as Perun - the god of thunder, the patron of the rulers of the Russian lands and their military squads in the ancient Russian pagan pantheon. In ancient Roman mythology, he is Jupiter, the god of blue space, bright light and, of course, the same thunderer. He, only much younger, is the god of thunder and storms in the German-Scandinavian myths.

Perun - the ancient Slavic analogue of Zeus

In love stories and in later images, usually by the masters of the New Age, one can see what Zeus looked like: the description of his appearance often differed. He was portrayed as young man or in the reincarnated form of a bull, a swan, an eagle, golden raindrops, a cloud, or a satyr. Zeus had many lovers, and each one needed a certain approach. Here are some of these women: Eurynome, Demeter, Mnemosyne, Summer (Lato) - the mother of the gods Apollo and Artemis, Io, Europe, Leda.

The lightning of Zeus can be depicted materially - these are ordinary pitchforks with notches, but double-sided, or for several teeth. In modern military phraseology, it is a flamethrower.

Therefore, the pitchfork was depicted as a bunch of flames, often held in its claws by an eagle - one of the attributes of Zeus. This god also harnessed eagles to his chariot, and his chariot was not rolling, but flying.

Jupiter - Roman God of Thunder

Zeus' tree of life

He dominated among the deities on Mount Olympus, came from a family of titans. According to the mythical gradation, the titans are the deities of the previous generation, which was replaced by the Olympians. There were six brothers and the same number of Titanide sisters who married (incest) with each other and gave birth to a new generation of gods. For example, Themis or the father of the god Helios.

The mythical wife of Zeus is the supreme goddess of the Olympian twelve gods by her husband. In addition to fulfilling her divine destiny for the female environment and obstetrics, she had a tough and unjustifiably cruel disposition, was vindictive and jealous. The latter is on the conscience of the Thunderer. It was he who gave rise to jealousy.

Hera was not the only wife. There were more women married to Zeus, at least two known were goddesses: one of the ocean, the other of law and order on earth. One can only guess about the unknown, judging by the series of children of Zeus. In the mythical reality, Zeus and some spouses were related by blood. That's why last wife God, while the husband's father ruled for three centuries, for some reason kept secret marital relations with thunderbolt.

Zeus had the same mythical brothers and fifty-six sons (according to this indicator, Apollo "jumped" twice his father). Among them are a host of deities: Athena, Aphrodite, Artemis, Elena the Beautiful, Terpsichore, Melpomene, Hermes and others.

In Greek mythology, Zeus had a son Hercules (at birth he had the name Alkid) - a half-man, half-god. He did not have a great mind, he was considered the most strong man on the ground.

Hercules is very confident.

Mythic Overlord

What distinguished Zeus, besides throwing lightning? The supreme god is entrusted with dominion in heaven and the distribution of virtue and negative actions on the ground, balancing the sides. Zeus defeated the Titans.