Natural resources of the yugra. List of common minerals of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra III. new material

Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region one of the country's richest regions in natural resources. A unique oil and gas province has been discovered here. Huge reserves of hard and brown coal are concentrated on the territory of the region, iron ore and ores of non-ferrous metals. There are large reserves of peat in the region, as well as concentrated large stocks wood, mostly conifers. In terms of fish stocks, such a region as Western Siberia, which includes Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, is one of the richest regions of Russia. The region also has significant stocks of furs.

The oil and gas produced in the district has high quality. Oil is lightweight, low-sulfur, has a large yield of light fractions, it includes associated gas, which is a valuable chemical raw material. The gas contains 97% methane, rare gases, and at the same time there is no sulfur, little nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Oil and gas deposits at depths of up to 3 thousand meters in soft, but stable, easily drillable rocks are distinguished by a significant concentration of reserves. Production costs for 1 ton of standard fuel natural gas are the lowest compared to all other fuels. Oil production is concentrated mainly in the Middle Ob. The nearest domestic oil and gas processing plants are located in Omsk, Tobolsk and Tomsk industrial hubs, large oil and gas processing complexes are being created in Tobolsk and Tomsk.

Despite the fact that most of the fields in Russia have entered the final stage of development. Russia continues to occupy one of the leading positions in terms of explored hydrocarbon reserves. However, a constant deterioration in the structure of reserves should be noted: most of them are currently classified as hard-to-recover and are confined to deposits characterized by a complex geological structure, low and ultra-low permeability, high oil viscosity, complicated by the presence of faults, active bottom waters and gas caps.

The district has significant water resources. The rivers have a high hydropower potential. However, the flat nature of the surface makes it inefficient to use the hydropower resources of the Ob, Irtysh and their major tributaries. The construction of dams on these rivers will lead to the creation of large reservoirs, and the damage from the flooding of vast forest areas, and possibly oil and gas fields will block the energy effect from the hydroelectric power station. Of significant interest are underground thermal waters. They can be used for heating greenhouses and greenhouses, heating of agricultural facilities, cities and workers' settlements, as well as for medicinal purposes.

Territory of Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region belong to two botanical and geographical regions: the Ural mountainous and the West Siberian plains. The main part is located within the West Siberian plain botanical and geographical region, which is characterized by a distinct zonal division of vegetation. Within the district, subzones of the northern, middle and southern taiga are distinguished. The northern taiga subzone is characterized by a combination of sparse forests, flat-hummocky and large-hilly swamps, and meadow-marsh-sor plant communities of floodplains. major rivers. Larch, pine-larch, and pine forests and woodlands. On flat watersheds, larch-spruce-cedar, larch and spruce forests. Forests are sparse and low productivity. The ground cover of such forests is formed by shrubs - wild rosemary, cranberries, blueberries, blueberries and green mosses. Lichens are found in patches. Significant areas are occupied by swampy forests: larch, larch-pine and spruce, shrub-long-moss and sphagnum. Waterlogging averages 40%. One tenth of the territory is occupied by flat-hilly complex bogs. Dark coniferous and pine forests are widespread in the middle taiga subzone. The forests of the northern part of the subzone are reminiscent of those of the northern taiga - with the participation of larch, shrubs and green mosses in the ground cover. They differ from the northern taiga in greater closeness, greater height tree stand, and hence productivity. Tree stands form spruce and cedar, on rich soils they are joined by fir. Pine forests are replaced by dark coniferous forests with increasing swamping and on sandy river terraces, manes and ridges, where they form magnificent white moss forests. Cowberry pine forests often represent secondary forests on the site of a burnt dark coniferous taiga. The southern taiga is represented by dark coniferous, pine and small-leaved (birch, aspen) forests. The zonal type is highly productive cedar-spruce-fir green-moss and small-grass forests with abundant undergrowth and diverse undergrowth, which may include linden. Pine forests different types found in small patches among swamps or on sands. Birch and aspen forests are predominantly secondary forests resulting from logging and fires. A special place in the structure of the vegetation cover of the district is occupied by the vegetation of river valleys. The vegetation here is diverse - from primary groups on young river drifts to forests of cedar, pine, birch at high floodplain levels and on the remnants of river terraces.

On the low levels sedge meadows are widespread in the floodplains, and canary grass and forb-grass meadows are widespread in the middle floodplains.

The richest, most diverse, interesting vegetation in the Ural Mountains. In the vegetation cover of mountain landscapes, the influence of Siberian flora, on the one hand, and European flora, on the other, is very great. Many plant species have here the boundaries of their range (western or eastern). Alpine and arctic circumpolar species are also present. Quite numerous rare plants, endemics and relics. For the Subpolar Urals, out of 28 rare and endangered species, 13 are endemic, 2 are relics, 6 are rare, existing in the form of small populations, 7 are species that are reducing their range. Mountain plant communities rich in medicinal, nutritional and other useful species plants. The most famous and valuable of them is Rhodiola rosea - golden root. Here are the pastures reindeer. Northern taiga forests approach the foot of the Subpolar Urals. These forests are sparse, undersized, often swampy, interspersed with frozen swamps and sphagnum peat bogs. Pine forests predominate, larch, spruce and spruce-cedar forests occupy a smaller area. The undergrowth in these forests is poorly developed. Herbaceous-shrub cover is poor in species composition, marsh plants are often found. Mosses and, in some places, lichens play an important role in the composition of the ground cover.

The subalpine belt is characterized by mountain meadows, which are especially widely represented in the southern part of the Subpolar Urals. Here, on the upper border of the forest along the gentle slopes of the hills, there are vast glades with rich herbaceous vegetation - dense herbage (coverage reaches 95-100%) and high (15-20 cm, generative shoots up to 50 cm). White-flowered geranium, Uralic lagotis, and burnet are dominant. Rhodiola rosea, golden rod, alpine pachypleurum, winding pike, blueberries are very plentiful. Lobel's hellebore, various-leaved bodyag, fragrant spikelet, etc.

The mountain-tundra belt rises to 800-900 m. Within its limits, from bottom to top, strips of shrubs, shrubs, lichens and stony tundras are clearly distinguished. Shrub tundras are mainly represented by communities of dwarf birch - dwarf birch, quite often there are thickets of willows along streams and alder along steep stony slopes and places with abundant flowing moisture. The basis of shrub tundra is blueberry, crowberry, arctous, and dryad. Vegetation cover is interrupted by stony placers.

The flora of the district creates conditions for the habitat of valuable species of animals - it gives them food and shelter. For humans, vegetation is also of great importance. The properties of plants and vegetation cover that are significant for humans are considered as plant resources, which in turn can be characterized as the potential wealth contained in the flora and vegetation. The nature of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in addition to rich subsoil, also has a significant resource potential for agriculture and forestry. The district is characterized by peat-boggy and podzolic soils, in the floodplains of the Ob and Irtysh alluvial soils, which are suitable for growing vegetables and other crops. Meadows in the floodplains represent a rich fodder base for the development of animal husbandry, their total area over 1.5 million hectares.

Ensuring the use of natural resources traditional for the indigenous population acts as important aspect for Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. For example, the preservation of the fodder base for the development of reindeer husbandry ensures the existence and development of this kind of activity as the basis for preserving the traditional way of life and ethnic characteristics that have been formed over the centuries precisely in connection with this activity.

Biological resources, as such, including plant ones, are considered renewable by specialists, but they are such only if there are opportunities for their restoration. Full-scale provision of replenishment of biological resources is the main sign of rational nature management. In practice, three situations are possible: rational use, disuse, damage and loss. All these situations are also relevant for the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. However, it is easiest to give examples of damage and loss of resources. First of all, they are connected with the industrial development of the territory, which will be shown in more detail in Chapter 3. There is also the presence of unused resources - medicinal raw materials, food plants, for example, it is difficult to find examples when a full restoration would be ensured resource potential under the conditions of its use. The district is characterized by a combination of territories where biological resources to a certain extent lost or damaged (industrial zones accompanying their large settlements and their environs), with territories that have retained their resource potential.

Food plant resources, including berries and lettuces, in the flat territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug are represented by fifty species of higher plants. Among the berry plants that have practical value, include lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, cloudberries and cranberries. The most widespread is lingonberry.

List medicinal plants includes 148 species. Of these, 66 species are used in official medicine. The most important medicinal raw materials are chaga mushroom and birch buds. Cowberry leaf has significant reserves, the reserves of which practically do not limit the workpieces. In addition to lingonberries, rose hips, mountain ash, bird cherry can be attributed to promising sources of medicinal raw materials in terms of reserves, productivity and needs.

There are significant reserves of some technical plants. Willows, shrub alder, larch, snake mountaineer, as well as wild rosemary, birch, lingonberry, three-leaf watch, blueberry can serve as tanning raw materials. There are dyeing plants: sphagnum moss, blueberries, club mosses, common cuff. Fibrous (nettle, some types of sedges, narrow-leaved fireweed, reeds, etc.), wicker, stuffing and packing plants (narrow-leaved fireweed, meadow grass species, etc.), and many ornamental plants are widely represented.

The fauna of the region's mammals is quite rich and represents a typical taiga complex, including about fifty species belonging to six orders. The uncertainty in the number of mammal species in the district is caused, on the one hand, by the incomplete study of the territory of the district, and, on the other hand, by the fact that a number of species here have the boundaries of their ranges, which can shift, depending on conditions, by tens or even hundreds of kilometers into that region. or the other side. Ermine, otter, weasel and wolverine are common throughout the district, but only the first of listed species numerous, the rest are quite rare. Otter Leading semi-aquatic image life, lives along the shores small rivers and in the areas of the upper reaches of the large tributaries of the Ob and Irtysh. Two other semi-aquatic species, the European and American minks, adhere to approximately the same habitats. But the first of them is extremely rare and is found only in the west of the district. The forest deer, which is a subspecies of the reindeer, also lives here.

Among the lagomorphs numerous species in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is the Ural northern pika. This endemic subspecies of the northern pika is found only in the Ural Mountains.

The largest representative of the rodent order in Ugra is the beaver. Possessing a very valuable fur, this species has long been an object of fishing. At present, only the Kondo-Sosvinsky hearth has been preserved from the former vast area, supported by the protected area of ​​the Malaya Sosva Reserve and the Verkhne-Kondinsky beaver reserve. To restore the number of beavers in the district, it is required whole complex activities, both environmental and biotechnical.

From renewable natural resources there are also large stocks of timber and fish. Historically, these factors have contributed to the development of such traditional species crafts of the indigenous peoples of the North living in the Autonomous Okrug as fishing, fish processing, hunting, reindeer breeding, collection and processing of wild fruits, mushrooms and nuts, national economic crafts, souvenir production. And at present, these types of crafts form the basis of the traditional way of life of the indigenous national population.

The traditional economy of the Khanty and Mansi late XIX and the beginning of the 20th century, has retained many of its features to the present day. Most of the indigenous population leads a typical taiga way of life. These are semi-sedentary hunters and fishermen, who are also engaged in reindeer herding in the north and cattle breeding in the south of the Autonomous Okrug. Depending on the local geographical conditions one of the named types of occupations came to the fore.

Fishing is of paramount importance in the life of the indigenous national population. Fishing is concentrated in feeding areas and along the migration routes of fish. Greatest development fishing received on the highways of the Ob, Irtysh, Severnaya Sosva, as well as the lake-river systems of the Kondinsky, Berezovsky, Beloyarsky, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut regions. On the rivers Ob, Irtysh, Konda, Severnaya Sosva, the Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets mainly use nets, fixed and flowing nets for fishing; When the fish came out of the litters, a locking method of fishing was used. The main types of fish caught in the above reservoirs are valuable ones - muksun, peled, pyzhyan, shokur, nelma; from partial - pike, ide, roach, dace. In the lake-river systems, the aborigines of the district use simple, but effective ways fishing: constipation, cats, muzzles, gimgi, wicks.

In the traditional sector of the economy, one of the important occupations of representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North is hunting. This type of fishing brought the greatest income until 1990. In subsequent years, due to low purchase prices, a reduction in the range of hunting resources, and the lack of a sales market, the hunting economy has lost its significance. The most important objects of fur trade are - squirrel, sable, muskrat, ermine, fox; from ungulates - elk, deer. Before the revolution of 1917, indigenous minorities The north used various traps in hunting. Currently more commonly used firearms and traps.

With all its diversity and richness, the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has very little arable land and is a zone of risky farming. That's why most of agricultural and food products are imported from other regions of Russia.

In general, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has huge natural resource potential. First of all, these are oil reserves and forest resources. Deposits of alluvial and native gold, and vein quartz have also been explored and mined. There are large resources of peat, as well as manifestations of bauxites, copper, zinc, lead, niobium and other rare earth metals. Deposits of brown and black coal have been discovered. Deposits of niobium, tantalum, manifestations of bauxite, etc. have been discovered. Deposits of decorative stone, brick-expanded clay, building sands are being prepared for development.

In the next three years, the KhMAO government plans to intensify industrial development deposits of solid minerals. This is due to the need to develop directions in the district that are alternative to the oil industry. Subpolar Urals can play the role of a "silicon valley" for the country. Experts estimate the wealth of this northern part of the district at 7 trillion. dollars. The predicted resources of ore gold in Yugra exceed 50 million tons, the resources of copper, zinc, and lead average 10 million tons each. In addition, titanium-zirconium placers, platinum group metals, jasper, coal and even diamonds can be found on the territory of the KhMAO.

The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is part of the Ural Federal District(UFO) Russian Federation(RF)

Territory: 534.8 thousand sq. km

Population: 1350.3 thousand people

Administrative center -Khanty-Mansiysk

Director of the Oil and Gas Department -Panov Veniamin Fedorovich

Head of the Territorial Administration for Subsoil Use of KhMAO – Rudin Valery Pavlovich

STATUS AND USE OF THE MINERAL AND RAW MATERIAL BASE OF KHMAO.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

W animates central part West Siberian platform with pre-Jurassic folded basement and Jurassic-Cenozoic sedimentary cover. In the extreme west, the folded structures of the Urals are developed, composed of Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic formations. The bowels of the district are rich in many types of combustible, metallic, non-metallic minerals, groundwater.

Hydrocarbon raw materials.

The Okrug is a strategic base for oil production in the Russian Federation. Prospective resources make up about 18% of the total Russian resources, forecast resources 47.0%. According to explored KhMAO reserves far exceeds all other regions of the Russian Federation. The exploration of the initial total resources is 46.1%.

In total, 504 hydrocarbon deposits have been explored in the district, including 429 oil, 18 oil and gas condensate, 20 gas, 33 gas and oil, 4 gas condensate. The largest of them are the Samotlor, Krasnoleninskoye, Priobskoye, Salymskoye, Vateganskoye, Fedorovskoye, Tyanskoye deposits.

In the structure of initial potential oil resources, current explored reserves (categories A+B+C1) and cumulative production account for 45.1%, estimated reserves (C2) – 10%, prospective resources (C3+D1L) – 6.1%, forecast resources (D1+D2) – 37.8%. Exploited deposits account for 91% of current explored and 62% of estimated reserves. 237 hydrocarbon fields were put into operation. There are 487 license areas in the distributed fund.

Ponomareva E.A.

SEI VPO "Ural State Mining University"

Studying the topic "Mineral Resources", I became very interested in the gas, coal, oil industry of the world and began to study fossil fuels in more depth. The collected material grew into my work, part of which you hold in your hands. One of the main reasons that made me delve into this topic was Vladimir Putin's speech in Novy Urengoy, as well as the Iraqi crisis, caused by the US desire to redistribute the oil economic markets.

On November 20, 2001 in Novy Urengoy, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin said that the country's leadership had decided to carry out serious structural reforms in the development of the gas, oil and coal industries.

“Oil and gas have been and will remain one of the main components of Russia's national wealth for many decades to come. And taking into account the problems that the modern world is going through, the Russian oil and gas complex can also play a role in strengthening global economic stability. Today we must develop the oil and gas industry, taking into account all factors, including foreign economic ones. In the near future we will have to work in the conditions of liberalization of the oil and gas market in Europe. This will require a change in the forms of state regulation of the gas, oil and coal industries, the introduction of new pricing principles throughout the entire technological chain - from production to final consumption. And, along with this, it will require the creation of conditions for the development of independent producers in the field of production, processing and sale of oil, gas, coal.

It is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment of the current state of affairs in the gas complex. The position of enterprises in the industry is better than the industry average. Their positions in the world markets are still stable. But there are still huge untapped opportunities. The industry can work much more efficiently, can bring more profit to the country. In this regard, we need an unbiased analysis of the systemic problems of the industry: technological, managerial, financial and foreign economic. Including those related to gas transit, using Russian infrastructure.

The most obvious and painful symptoms today are a drop in the extraction of raw materials and their supply to the consumer, an increase in the cost of production, and a decrease in its profitability. Old deposits are being depleted, and the problem of renewing the resource base is becoming more and more acute. Geological exploration has also fallen to an unacceptably low level.”

My goal is to analyze mineral reserves and show how rich our country is in combustible minerals, the use of which should not only contribute to the development of the country's economy, but also minimize environmental damage.

My task is to find out the leading importance of combustible minerals: peat, coal, oil shale, bituminous sands, oil, gas and other fossil fuels; talk about world and Russian deposits, the formation of minerals and methods of extraction; consider environmental issues and environmental protection. The topic is considered in more detail on the example of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, as the richest in terms of oil and gas deposits and the closest to Yekaterinburg, which is part of the Volga Urals Okrug.

The paper gives a general description of the world's deposits with a detailed development of minerals in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, thanks to its rich natural and mineral resources, occupies one of the leading places among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, playing an ever-increasing role in the economy of the region and the country as a whole.

Oil and gas fields in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug (KhMAO). As of January 1, 2002, more than 500 oil and oil and gas fields have been discovered on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug. The total explored oil reserves are estimated at 39.6 billion tons. Commercial development is underway at 178 oil and gas fields. There are 119 fields in the exploration stage. The average oil production per day is 500 thousand tons. Most of the fields are oil fields, the rest are gas and oil and gas fields. The total number of deposits is 2228, of which 2035 are oil, 87 are gas, and 106 are oil and gas.

Large gas fields are located on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug: Berezovskoye, Verkhnee-Kolik-Eganskoye, Kolik-Eganskoye, Varyeganskoye, Lyantorskoye, Fedorovskoye, Van-Eganskoye, Samotlorsoke, Bystrinskoye, Mamontovskoye, Priobskoye, etc.

These fields contain 85.5% of the district's free gas reserves.

The discovery of oil and gas fields, as well as other natural resources, their exploitation radically changed the face of the district. In the once dense taiga and tundra, new cities (Uray, Nefteyugansk, Gornopravdinsk, Megion, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, etc.) have risen, mines, oil fields and mines are being built, factories and plants, railways and oil pipelines are being built.

As of January 1, 1999, more than 320 licenses for oil production and prospecting have been issued in KhMAO. The total area of ​​licensed areas is 115,787 km 2 .

Industrial development of oil and gas fields in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is carried out by 44 oil and gas producing enterprises. Among them are such large companies of global importance as Surgutneftegaz OJSC, Lukoil Oil Company, Nizhnevartovskneftegaz OJSC, Amoko Oil Company, Rosneft JSC and others.

In studying this topic, the significance of two conclusions became apparent to me. The first of them is the extremely short time during which the development of the fuel industry took place. Coal, for example, takes 800 years to produce, but half of it has been produced in the last 30-40 years, and half of the world's total oil production falls within a 12-year period since 1956. The second obvious conclusion is that the pace of growth that has been maintained for several decades cannot be sustained for too long.

No one can predict how society's technological and economic capabilities will change, so changes in the use of natural resources cannot be foreseen.

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Oil production in Yugra accounts for 57% of the volume of oil produced in Russia, 4.7% of gas. Associated petroleum gas is mainly produced on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug. The share of natural gas in total oil production is 0.15%.

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Two administrative districts of the Autonomous Okrug: Surgutsky and Nizhnevartovsky account for about 70% of the volume of oil produced in the Okrug. In 2007, out of the 23 largest fields, two fields provided the main increase in oil production: Priobskoye and Yukyaunskoye.

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The largest fields in terms of oil production: Samotlor, oil and gas condensate (Nizhnevartovsky district); Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye oil field (Surgut district), Fedorovskoye oil and gas condensate field (Surgut district), Priobskoye oil field (Khanty-Mansiysk district), Lyantorskoye (Surgut district), Mamontovskoye (Nefteyugansky district), Tyanskoye oil field (Surgut district), Povkhovskoye (Surgut district), Malo-Balykskoye (Surgut district), Prirazlomnoye (Nizhnevartovsk district), Vatyeganskoye (Surgut district) and others.

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The Urals The main deposits of solid minerals are concentrated within the zone of outcrop of crystalline rocks of the Eastern Slope of the Urals, which has a latitude of 20-45 km and a length of up to 450 km.

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The Urals is rich in ores of ferrous, non-ferrous, noble and rare metals; non-metallic minerals: gangue quartz, rock crystal, brown and hard coal, bentonite and kaolin clays, etc.

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In Ugra as of 01.01.2008 There are 815 mineral deposits: 577 deposits of sands and sand-gravel mixtures, 138 deposits of peat, 51 deposits of brick clay, 14 deposits of sapropels, 9 deposits of opok. sands and peat brick clays sand and gravel mixtures crushed stone. Chalcopyrite - copper ore Rolled copper

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Sapropels Sapropels are lake silts formed at the bottom of the lake due to the decay products of aquatic plant and animal organisms and clay particles. They have a unique organomineral composition. Explored in the district near Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Uray.

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Technogenic impact during oil production on the environment The period of technogenic impact on the natural components of Yugra during oil production can be divided into five main stages: Seismological exploration - search for oil and gas fields, blasting in winter. 2. Exploration and exploratory drilling. 3. Development of the field. 4. Exploitation of the field.

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1. Seismological exploration - search for oil and gas fields, blasting in winter. Seismic exploration has a minimal impact on the environment. Accompanied by clearing sites for seismic team bases and clearings for drilling pits for explosives and dragging trailers with recording equipment. The main impact occurs on the forest fund as a result of logging and littering and logging residues, which leads to a deterioration in the sanitary condition and an increase in forest fires. Explosive work is a factor of concern for animals, and poaching causes serious damage to the hunting economy, soils and groundwater are polluted with oil products, territories are littered with logging residues, household and industrial waste.

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2. Exploration and exploratory drilling. During exploration work for both oil and gas, the main negative impact on the environment occurs during the construction of exploration wells. Pollution occurs when fluids leak from wellheads, oil from drilling pits, fuel spills at fuel storage sites, and vehicle parking lots.

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2. Exploration and exploratory drilling. The main contaminants during well construction include: drilling fluids, chemical materials used for their preparation; drilling waste, consisting of drill cuttings, waste drilling fluid, drilling wastewater and oil; fuels and lubricants; household sewage and municipal solid waste. in most cases, natural restoration processes in the territories of exploratory wells prevail over degradation ones. Restoration of woody vegetation is fast.

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3. Development of the field The maximum impact on the environment occurs, it occurs precisely during the construction of wells and technological facilities for oil and gas production. Significant land resources are withdrawn. The main types of negative impact on the environment: degradation and destruction of the soil cover; destruction of grassy; shrub and tree vegetation; violation of the hydrological regime of the territories; pollution of the territory with industrial and household waste; poaching. Drilling pits containing drilling waste represent the greatest environmental hazard. Many of them are located in water protection zones and pose a serious threat to river, lake and marsh ecosystems.

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4. Exploitation of the field The longest period of impact, calculated in decades. At this time, the environmental situation in the fields is aggravated and there is a threat associated with the transport of produced oil. The main reason is the aging of technological equipment and the accumulation of industrial and household waste in the territories of the fields.

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4. Field operation The main type of negative impact on natural complexes during field operation is chemical pollution of the environment by oil, various chemicals, gaseous emissions from flares, etc. The reasons for oil to enter the environment are: gusts of collectors of the oil gathering system; splashing during flowing from flares, etc. The largest number of recorded oil spills occurs as a result of ruptures in oil pipelines, which is due to corrosion of pipes.

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Today, the problem of technogenic impact on the environment is being solved through the creation of new energy-intensive industries.

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Mineral resources of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Natural resources of Yugra. The territory of the Okrug, along with oil and gas, is rich in other natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable. Some of them are resources of global importance (forest, water), others are national (solid minerals, flora and fauna, peat) and regional.

Reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug occupies a leading position in the world in terms of hydrocarbon reserves (about 5% of the world's oil reserves). Due to the fact that this raw material will be the main source of energy for the next 15-20 years, the role of the district as a territory supplying such raw materials should be maintained throughout this period. Now the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug supplies hydrocarbon raw materials to various regions of the Russian Federation and outside the country.

Reserves of solid minerals. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has large reserves of iron ores, hard and brown coal, bauxite, copper, zinc, lead, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, barite, manganese, rare metals, and phosphorites. All deposits of solid minerals are suitable for open mining. The presence of such minerals enables the Autonomous Okrug to develop new sectors of the economy.

Igneous rocks Formed directly from magma, as a result of its cooling and solidification. They are found in the western part of the district in the foothills of the Urals. They include non-ferrous metals, rare metals, polymetallic ores, in which the main valuable components are lead and zinc, associated - copper, gold, silver.

Igneous rocks Rock crystal Gold Copper Zinc Lead Stony gems

Sedimentary rocks The formation of sedimentary material occurs due to the action of various factors - the influence of temperature fluctuations, the impact of the atmosphere, water and organisms on rocks. Found throughout the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (oil, gas, peat, clay, limestone, sand and gravel)

Sedimentary rock limestone oil clay gas peat sand and gravel

Oil and natural gas. The main oil and gas bearing regions and the largest oil fields are concentrated in the Okrug. Between the Urals and the Ob-Yenisei watershed there are 294 oil fields with total reserves of over 16 billion tons. To date, more than 9 billion tons have been extracted from the bowels of the district. Oil fields are unevenly distributed. There are about 61 large oil and gas fields in the Okrug.

So, the resource potential of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is extremely rich.

This presentation is not intended for any commercial use. Graphic and text materials used in the creation of this presentation were obtained from Internet resources using the search engine http://www.yandex.ru/

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