Utilization of household appliances business plan. Collection and recycling of old electronic equipment. Disposal of household appliances as a business from scratch

Environmental problems are associated with the development of various waste products by mankind, which worsen the ecological situation. Different countries around the world have different attitudes to this problem. According to statistics for 2011, for example, only 2% of waste was recycled in the Russian Federation, and 98% of waste was disposed of.

For comparison, in the US, 59% of waste was landfilled, in the EU - 39%, and in Sweden - no more than 2%. 25% of waste was recycled in the US, 22% in the EU and 32% in Sweden. The rest of the waste in foreign countries was composted and used to generate electricity.

As a result, in the Russian Federation there are large losses associated with the low use of waste as secondary resources and the accumulation of this unused waste continues.

One of the components of waste is faulty and obsolete machinery and equipment.

During operation, wear and tear of machines occurs. Broken machines often occupy areas where new equipment could be installed. Just taking the machines to a landfill is not allowed by the legislation of the country, besides, idle equipment will worsen the environment.

Therefore, after removing the machines from the balance, it is most correct to hand them over to specialized organizations involved in the disposal of equipment. In such organizations, precious and non-ferrous metals are separated from the design of machine tools. Then all attached parts are removed and sorted, the body is crushed and pressed. The scrap is then melted down.

At present, institutions, companies and ordinary citizens have accumulated a large amount of unnecessary computer equipment. This is due to the fact that computer technology is developing at a tremendous pace and becomes obsolete literally in a year. In addition, the repair of broken equipment often does not justify itself from an economic point of view. It is often cheaper to buy new equipment than to repair the old one. Therefore, often old computers, as well as various outdated peripherals, take up extra space. To avoid this, it is necessary to carry out the correct and notebooks.

The laws of the Russian Federation do not allow simply taking this equipment to a landfill, since certain components, parts and microcircuits contain precious metals, which, by law, must be recovered for recycling. Equipment also often contains harmful metals such as arsenic or lead, which must be separated from general secondary raw materials.

Therefore, specialized companies are engaged in the recycling of computer and office equipment.

Recycling of each type of household appliances has its own characteristics. For example, when it is necessary to pump out freon gas, which causes great damage to our atmosphere. One kilogram of freon acts on the atmosphere in the same way as 10 tons of carbon dioxide.

Non-ferrous metals and electronics are removed from large-sized equipment, and metal boxes of refrigerators, stoves or microwave ovens are compressed in a special press. In the future, the metal is sent to the metallurgical plant.

The Russian car park is quite old. Thus, in 2012, there were more than 50% of cars over 10 years old, and more than 65% of trucks.

It is expected that 3 million cars will be scrapped in the Russian Federation in the near future.

At the end of 2014, the capacity of all points in the country for acceptance for recycling of passenger cars amounted to more than 200 thousand cars, and trucks - more than 30 thousand cars a year.

After working out their resource, cars become unusable. As a result, they litter the territory of the auto enterprise, and you also have to pay tax for them.

In 2012, a recycling fee was introduced. Since the beginning of 2014, under pressure from the WTO, this fee has been taken from all car manufacturers and importers.

In addition, a document is being developed that takes into account the issues of safe disposal, for which the use of safe materials that do not contain harmful components is regulated in the development of cars.

More than 650 thousand tractors, combines and other technological machines are currently used in agriculture. At the same time, in accordance with the State Development Program APC their number continues to increase. According to world statistics, every year almost 4% of agricultural machines break down and require disposal.

Problems of utilization of agricultural machinery are part of the program for the use of secondary resources. As statistics show, the fleet of agricultural equipment is rapidly aging. The right activities can help upgrade this park and get additional a large number of raw materials.

Specialists propose to create special technological areas for the disposal of equipment at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, which will make it possible to obtain a large amount of secondary resources.

For example, the estimate of ferrous metals obtained by recycling can reach 370,000 tons, non-ferrous metals - 9320 tons, plastics - 7630 tons, and so on.

conclusions

1. The problems of the ecology of the earth require the right attitude to the processing of human waste, including the disposal of machinery and equipment.
2. Disposal various items technology requires special equipment and financial costs.
3. For certain industries, such as the automotive industry or the production of agricultural machinery, a government recycling program is required.

Household appliances recycling business is enough profitable business and has a fast return on investment. The main plus is that you can start it in any city, in any region of the country, because refrigerators, washing machines, plates, etc. are used everywhere.



Any household appliances are metal, both black and non-ferrous. Metal, as you know, is a raw material, and where there is raw material, there is always money!

It doesn't take much to start a business like this. Firstly, you need a car, at least one for the first time, not necessarily a new one (Gazelle, Ford Transit truck or the like), secondly, a room (garage, box), thirdly, a tool (a set of keys, a pair of grinders). In terms of money, this will not be very expensive, especially now there are various programs to support businesses and young entrepreneurs.

Next, you need to advertise in local newspapers, on bulletin boards on the Internet (for example, “Avito”, if you have funds, you can invest in leaflets. The text of the ad is something like this: “We will take household appliances out of your home for free.” You can write “buy”, give a symbolic amount, and applications will increase, for example, due to people who do not have enough vodka.Everywhere there are shops that give a discount on new equipment, instead of the old one, you should definitely go through them, try to convince them to rent this equipment to you.

When the calls start coming, you need to look for people. To begin with, one, better than a friend, or an acquaintance with whom you will collect this technique at the addresses. If there are funds, then you can immediately hire a couple of people. Next, you need to find people who will disassemble and cut. There should be no problems with this either, since a huge number of people are now technically savvy and can distinguish non-ferrous metal from black, and know how to extract the latter.

After you have the metal in its pure form, you need to find a market. Acceptance of black and non-ferrous scrap is everywhere, you just need to find higher prices. It is possible that you will have to transport the metal to different places because: thin iron (tin or 12A) is cheaper than thick iron (3A, 5A, etc.). But these subtleties (types of scrap, prices for them, etc.) will have to be comprehended by yourself.

Another considerable profit will bring you plastic, which you will accumulate in excess. Finding sales for it now is also not difficult, you just need to monitor (study) the market. If it doesn’t work out, then you will have to throw it away, or arrange for acceptances to take equipment from you with plastic, but with a big blockage. In the future, you will need to expand. Take a second car, you can buy a plastic recycling machine, look for large suppliers. There are many options and directions for expansion.

Yes, there are many “pitfalls” here, it will not be easy, especially at the beginning, but there is no such thing in which there are no problems. Iron business for iron people. This must be taken into account, and if there is no desire to go to the end, to overcome difficulties, then you need to choose something else. In any case, good luck to you!

Data-yashareType="button" data-yashareQuickServices="yaru,vkontakte,facebook,twitter,odnoklassniki,moimir,lj,gplus">

...................................................

Business course: Dreaming of your own home based business and looking for a good business idea? Then get acquainted with the new Course carefully - perhaps you have already found it. If you have been looking for your business for a long time, read mountains of books, visited hundreds of sites, but did not find your gold mine in business, do not know how to start your own business, then today you have come to the right address. The course describes clearly and without unnecessary "water" all the possible options for a small business.
And as you know BIG business starts small.
By purchasing this course, you will have at your disposal 400 (!!!) unique technologies, inventions and ideas. 7 sections with a total volume of 4.5 GB that will help you enter the world of business!

“The last time the recycling was handled by a company
who takes out our trash. We have concluded an additional
contract and quickly, without delay, everything was taken out.
By the way, I don't even know if they have a license
for this type of disposal.
From the responses of the reviewers

Only a person who is poorly versed in the IT business is not talking now about the fall in the level of margins in the market. But is the situation really that hopeless? Many players in the IT market believe that there is no reason to panic: they just need to move from selling goods to selling services. But what can an IT company offer its customers that its competitors do not?

But what if you look at the situation from the other side and start helping customers not to purchase new equipment, but to get rid of the old one? After all, computers, servers, telephone exchanges, printers and even calculators break down (or become obsolete) sooner or later. They are replaced by new equipment. But it’s not always possible to say goodbye to old equipment “easily and naturally” (see the article “IT garbage is “in the law””, p. 2). And if there is a problem, there will definitely be someone who can solve it (naturally, for a "purely symbolic reward"). So why not IT companies that have been working with corporate clients for a long time, who have information about what, to whom and how much was sold and when all this will need to be upgraded and disposed of?

It should be immediately clarified that we will not dwell on the problems (both environmental and related to the loss of confidential data) that can be caused by the “improper” disposal of old IT equipment. These are certainly important topics, and they have received a lot of attention lately. But we are talking about something else: whether it is possible to build a stable and profitable business on the processing of IT garbage, and if so, how to turn "computer waste" into income.

The first thing to say about the "recycling" business is that it exists! Demand for computer and office equipment recycling services has already been formed. According to the United Nations Environmental Protection Program, every year humanity throws 20 to 50 million tons of “electronic waste” into landfills. And the volume of this type of waste is only increasing. No crises prevent the inhabitants of the Earth from getting rid of obsolete and breaking devices (which are sometimes much more expensive to repair than to acquire new ones). So far, the share of "electronic waste" in the total volume of solid household waste(MSW) is 10% (for comparison, household appliances, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. account for 60%). Most of all "electronic waste" is produced by developed countries - Western Europe and the USA. Here, according to environmentalists, the "service life" of IT equipment has recently been reduced from six years to two. Mobile phones "live" and even less - "until the release of a new model." This explains the annual growth in the volume of computer junk (despite the fact that manufacturers are constantly working to reduce the specific weight and dimensions of one product). Ecologists predict that Russia will soon catch up with more developed countries in terms of the number of such equipment. Although, perhaps, this is not an achievement to be proud of. It is more reasonable to move towards the West at the same pace in matters of legislation protecting the environment. According to some participants in this review, at present, there is “... a slight confusion” in the relevant Russian laws, as a result of which the utilizers, fulfilling the prescription of one document, no, no, yes, and come into conflict with another norm. And when these "contradictions" will be eliminated, it is not yet clear.

But let's leave these questions to the legislators, and let's get back to talking about the "garbage" business. The conclusion is obvious: the amount of "thrown away" equipment promises a long and comfortable existence for the recyclers. Today, according to the most conservative estimates, the profitability of enterprises involved in waste processing is 17%. And most likely, this figure will not decrease for some time. Moreover, for "colleagues" - companies engaged in the partial processing of automobile "remains", a well-built business brings its owner 30-40% per annum. It is no secret that until recently this segment of the “garbage market” was financed by the state (according to some reports, in Moscow, recycling enterprises were paid about 1 thousand rubles for one passenger car, and a little more than 1.5 thousand rubles for a truck). . In February 2012, it was announced the introduction of a special system of recycling fees (from manufacturers and importers) from cars imported or assembled in Russia. It is assumed that the funds thus received will be used to pay for the processing of worn-out machines.

It can be assumed that the day when a similar tax will be introduced for IT equipment is not far off. Moreover, there are already similar precedents in the world. For example, Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) obliges manufacturers, sellers and importers (manufacturing and selling electrical and electronic equipment under their own brand, reselling under their own brand equipment of another manufacturer importing or professionally exporting electrical and electronic equipment to any EU country) collect, reuse, recycle or dispose of such waste. According to this document, participating countries are responsible for setting up equipment for collection, and distributors are obliged to collect worn-out equipment free of charge. Manufacturers are responsible for the recovery and recycling of IT products.

Note that the emergence in our country of a similar tax on vendors and distributors of IT equipment is quite possible. “Issues of manufacturers’ responsibility for the subsequent disposal of equipment were discussed at the last April 3 think tank under the Government of the Russian Federation, a seminar-meeting “Issues of Disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment”, to which our company received an official invitation, - says Marina Sorkina, director of the TETRONICS group of companies. “The developers of the new law “On Production and Consumption Wastes” (its draft is currently being prepared) wanted to know the opinion of representatives of enterprises directly involved in processing.”

It is clear that the introduction of such a “tax” will ultimately lead to an increase in the final prices of equipment (in which manufacturers and distributors are unlikely to be interested). But will it have such a strong impact on the situation in the corporate IT market? After all, even now customers have to lay in their budget the payment for disposal services. Here is one of the schemes for calculating “utilization money” in one of the large Russian companies: “We have a service life of automated workstations (AWS) - three years, respectively, the amount of equipment“ purchased ”monthly is calculated by the formula: [number of purchased AWPs] = [number of workplaces] / . At the same time, something that has already served its time is written off in approximately the same amount. Accordingly, two amounts are included in the budget of each month: for the purchase of new and disposal of old equipment. We get rid of technology in three stages: obtaining conclusions at a certified company about a malfunction of the automated workplace, write-off AWP in accounting and transfer of AWP to a company dealing with recycling. With an average cost of a new workstation from 15 to 18 thousand rubles. I give 650 rubles for the conclusion. and for recycling 200 rubles. That is, the “correct” disposal of equipment increases the budget cost of a new workstation by 4–5%. For other types of equipment (server, duplication, etc.), payment for services is calculated individually, depending on its type, model and weight.”

Based on this, some corporate clients like the scheme, according to which they will initially pay “a little more” for each piece of equipment, but then they will not have problems with the disposal of obsolete equipment, they like much more than the current state of affairs. This is especially true for those government organizations, which do not have a “utilization” line in the budget, and the funds for paying for these services fall in literally cut out words. After all, in our country, those who need to get rid of obsolete equipment still pay for recycling. And the best argument forcing commercial structures to fork out for these services is not the stories of environmentalists about the impending collapse, but the fines set by the state for non-compliance with the rules for the disposal of computer equipment and office equipment.

What is the result? There is a demand for these services, and money to pay for them too. Business as such exists, and marginal, with good turnover, steadily growing. And if the status of the relevant police unit in our country is also raised and environmentalists in uniform begin to visit the inspected as often as, for example, “firefighters”, then it will become completely unprofitable for potential customers of recyclers to throw computers into a landfill in “black bags”. That's when it will open garbage business"second wind". Only for some reason it seems that after that it will be much more difficult to enter such a business than now, while it is in its infancy. This is confirmed by such an economic law: it is easier to enter the market at the time of its formation than when high level competition.

It is clear that all of the above is not enough for an IT company to create another (utilization) division. After all, this is just reasoning, and recycling is a business that is quite different from the usual supply of equipment. It requires other specialists, competencies, certificates and permits. Here is the opinion of one of our readers, expressed on the website www.site: “I have been working in the field of processing and disposal of office equipment for five years. So: for a well-organized recycling process, you need to have 4 (four) licenses (think about it !!!), and we send plastic to China, receiving a Chinese CCIC certificate for it ... ”But that's not all. To enter this business, significant capital investments are required (processing equipment, premises, warehouses, personnel, transport, etc.). Undoubtedly, all these investments will pay off (resale of working spare parts and recyclable raw materials, sale of heat to individuals and corporate clients, etc.), but how many among IT companies are those who are ready, firstly, to “remove » considerable sums from the main business, and secondly, wait for this money to return?

Of course, you can not build your own landfill for the processing of solid waste (in this case, the initial investment will be even more - about 1 billion rubles), but only engage in partial (primary) disposal: receive equipment from customers, disassemble it, sort it. But apparently, there is also a lot of trouble with organizing such a business as "one of the...". Most likely, this is why companies - IT suppliers, are very rare among recyclers. And, to be completely honest, there are far fewer various OJSCs and LLCs in the list of organizations involved in the removal and processing of garbage than MUPs. Although state monopoly formally there is no such activity in our country. So, perhaps, with an increase in the share of private business in this area, environmental issues in Russia will be resolved more efficiently?

You can answer the questions posed only by understanding whether there is an interest in the market in such pandering, and if so, from which side (utilizers or corporate clients) is there more demand? To do this, we asked representatives of both those and others to talk about their experience in this segment of the IT market.

Note that, starting to understand this topic, we immediately realized how closed it is to “prying eyes”. Clients do not want to talk about their schemes for getting rid of equipment and do not advertise their relationship with recycling companies. And those, in turn, also avoid communicating with the press, referring to the fact that "... our business is going well, there are enough customers, and there is no need to publish any information about us." What exactly caused such closeness, it is difficult to say. But in this regard, I want to thank everyone who agreed to participate in this review.

Throw away can not be left: recycling through the eyes of customers

We asked corporate customers a few questions to find out exactly how IT equipment is disposed of in their company, its frequency, what criteria are used to select recycling companies and whether they would like to solve these problems not through “third parties”, but with their well-known suppliers IT products. Here are the answers we received.

Dmitry Garkol, Head of the IT Department of the Altaisky Public Organization of the Novosibirsk Branch of Alfa-Bank OJSC: “We dispose of IT equipment that has become unusable. This procedure is determined by corporate regulations for the write-off of equipment. We do this once or twice a year. This frequency is due to the size of warehouses where obsolete equipment is assembled. The recycling process takes place in three stages: we conduct an examination of equipment, write off and dispose of.

To solve these problems, we involve specialized companies (we need to obtain an act of the established form). At the same time, each time we carry out an alternative choice of a contractor. The main criterion is the cost of services. The amount for disposal is included in the budget.

If we talk about the possibility of providing such services by our IT equipment suppliers, then it would probably be nice, but only if the cost of recycling is already included in the price of the goods. Dealing with these issues with each supplier individually is inconvenient and tedious. For some money, it is easier to work with specialized companies.”

Alina Maltseva, junior manager for the purchase of computer equipment in the IT department of PricewaterhouseCoopers Russia: “Those computers that cannot be restored, or are not repairable, or have served their time, we send for recycling - for the so-called eco-disposal.

We do not face any serious problems. The company with which we cooperate provides us with services for the storage of used equipment (since we do not have the opportunity to keep everything in our business center, the external warehouse is located on their territory), and for the transportation of recycled equipment to the place of its processing. And "on the other side" they have contractors - factories that process equipment (the company is located in St. Petersburg). We conclude an agreement and transfer, according to the act, what should go for processing. At the first transfer, we asked to send us a photo report on how exactly the recycling process is going. We were shown the whole cycle: the equipment is disassembled into its component parts, the materials go to different workshops, where they undergo the necessary processing. Of course, it is a little strange that equipment is being transported from Moscow to St. Petersburg. But this is their choice, which processing company to attract, how to build logistics. Surely there are similar plants in Moscow, but we are satisfied with the existing partner, so we are not looking for a replacement for him.

Equipment that breaks down, we send to the warehouse, where it is waiting for its write-off in the status of "scrap". The recycling procedure is carried out approximately once every six months. Doing this is often troublesome - it's an administrative job: issuing invoices, documentation. Yes, and sending small lots is unprofitable because of the transportation costs for the delivery of "scrap" to St. Petersburg. But at the same time, we are well aware of what we are going to dispose of in the near future. The lifetime (decommissioning period) of equipment in our company is from 3 to 10 years. At the same time, much attention is paid to information security, namely, the preliminary removal of information from any electronic media that goes to the scrap.

Our contractors do not issue us acts on the recognition of equipment as inoperable and unrepairable. It is possible that such documents are needed somewhere, but in our case, for write-off, it is enough that the residual value of the equipment is equal to zero. And if the equipment fails before the end of the depreciation period, it waits for the moment when its residual value in the warehouse is reset to zero.

Alas, neither our suppliers nor the manufacturers of IT equipment have received offers to help us with recycling. I think that if they had such programs, they would definitely offer us, because we are large corporate clients who buy and write off a large amount of equipment.”

Margarita Potupchik, Deputy Director for Automation of the Altai Regional Universal Scientific Library (AKUNB), Barnaul: “In AKUNB, computer equipment is written off due to obsolescence (that is, when the equipment has fully worked out the standard period and is unsuitable for further operation). Over the 20-year history of the use of technology, such write-offs occurred only twice: in 2006 and 2008.

This procedure is long and laborious. First, the technical condition of each unit intended for disposal is determined, and acts of the state of the equipment are prepared. Then this state is assessed by a third-party organization licensed for this type of activity, and prepares inspection reports, which indicate the causes of the malfunction (“the main microcircuit on the system board failed, the output of the video card does not work, the hard disk contains bad sectors”), and gives the conclusion that the equipment cannot be restored and repaired. For all issues related to determining the state of the equipment, the library's IT service (automation department and deputy director of automation) is responsible.

Then the accountant responsible for the material and technical part and the head are connected. economic department. They are preparing a package of documents for writing off. Management order issued Altai Territory on the culture of the write-off of fixed assets. And after that, computer equipment can be disposed of.

Problems that we have to face: 1) lengthy coordination of the list with the State Property Committee and administration; 2) it is difficult to find a specialized organization that deals with the examination of computer equipment (at reasonable prices).

Perhaps it would be more convenient for us if we could return unnecessary equipment to the person from whom it was purchased - let them dispose of it according to the rules.

If we talk about payment, then our budget does not include funds for this. Therefore, any write-off is an expense from extrabudgetary funds received, as a rule, from the provision of paid services. And these incomes are getting smaller every year. And one of the reasons why there has been no write-off of computer equipment for the last five years is the lack of funds.”

Anatoly Sabantsev, director of SIB IT, Barnaul: “We have never written off equipment. But it seems to me that it would be right to dispose of equipment through those who supply it to us. At the same time, I think that customers should donate equipment for free, since recyclers can make a profit by disassembling what they have handed over, with the subsequent sale of the received parts to service departments or Young Technic stores.

Alexander Triguba, CIO of the Simple group of companies: “Some time ago, one of our IT suppliers offered us a discount (5-10%) on new equipment, on the condition that we rent old equipment to him. True, it did not last long. Perhaps because the supply of IT hardware is low-margin and any discount for the supplier is unprofitable.

Nevertheless, in Russia, the disposal of IT equipment is a problem. And many corporate clients need help in solving it. If I were the owner of an IT company, I would enter into an agreement with recyclers and offer customers another service. For example, he glued a label on the supplied equipment: “if you want to dispose of something, call by phone ...”. I would pick up the equipment and pass it on to the authorities. Such an agency scheme should work. Because there really is a problem. Communication with colleagues shows that many do not even think about the need for recycling. I was lucky - I worked with accountants who had a good account of fixed assets. But not everyone has this experience. And those who “throw PCs in a landfill” sincerely do not understand why this should not be done. So they need helpers who will tell you what is possible and how it should be.

How is everything going on with us? We have an internal "Regulation for the disposal of computer and office equipment". Each write-off begins with an inventory. This procedure takes place once a year throughout the Simple group of companies. A calendar schedule is created taking into account the territorial distribution (Moscow and St. Petersburg), the operating modes of offices, wineries, bars. The regulation applies to the entire group of companies, so employees treat the inventory procedure with understanding. All equipment is pasted over with a barcode, the presence and conformity of the configuration is checked, acts and sheets of mismatch are drawn up, etc. As a result, we get lists of equipment that needs repair, modernization or write-off. We coordinate the latter with the accounting department (we check the depreciation periods) and decide what can be written off according to the accounting department and what cannot. In the second case, an evaluation commission is created. Moreover, when it comes to complex expensive equipment, external expertise is involved. The external appraisal company has the necessary certificate for this type of activity, we do not. This means that they can give an official opinion on the market value of used equipment at the time of its write-off, i.e. a document that the accounting department needs for documentation.

After that, an internal commission for the write-off of equipment is created and documents (orders, acts) are prepared. Then we turn to recycling companies. The company has several waste disposal service providers, and they are also licensed to dispose of IT equipment. The cost of services depends on the volume, services and set of documents, if their rates do not suit us, we are looking for another partner with the necessary certificates. The main thing is to get the whole set of documents for accounting.

Well, we immediately agree on the export of equipment. We have our own car park. But if you don't have confirmation that the equipment was taken to the landfill (or delivered from point A to point B), this is a great reason to find fault. For this, too, there must be documents. Therefore, all recycling companies offer transportation of equipment from the storage site to the recycling site and provide a certificate of provision of these services.

Finally, the equipment is transferred according to the act (we gave it away, they received it, delivered it, unloaded it, handed it over to processors). Here is a business process. Complicated, long.

As a result, we get a huge amount of papers, certificates, acts for reporting in the accounting department: when disposing of 100 PCs, we need to draw up a whole box of documents for write-offs. And it seems that it is easier to throw out the computer and forget. But large companies cannot afford this - who needs unnecessary problems with regulatory authorities? It is clear that all these acts and services are not provided to us for free, but it is still cheaper than fines (20-30 thousand rubles each) for each incorrectly debited IT unit.

Why are there such difficulties with IT equipment? Because it refers to the main funds. But the cartridges that accumulate in a multitude are a “low value”, it is much easier to get rid of it. But they do no less harm than a discarded PC. At the same time, processors do not like this “garbage”: we tried to dispose of the cartridges, but they are reluctant to provide the necessary set of documents. Therefore, now the original used consumables are bought from us by those who are engaged in refilling, in their opinion, such a cartridge can still be refilled no more than three times.

But back to the question of whether IT equipment vendors can fit into the recycling scheme. All utilizers known to me work through the agent scheme. The incineration plant enters into an agreement with such a company. It provides customers with delivery, installation and dismantling services, preparation of documents-acts and sending them to the same plant. The cost of this process is small, such services are in demand, and I think IT companies could also provide them.”

Representative one of the companies with a wide regional structure: “We have never reached the final stage yet: we only estimated that if recycling is carried out centrally through our IT equipment supplier, it turns out to be very expensive. All our factories are located far from major cities, and therefore logistics (delivery of decommissioned equipment) costs a lot of money. As a result, each of our enterprises decides for itself what to do with obsolete equipment: dispose of it through local contractors, throw it away or give it to employees ... "

Supervisor of the IT department of one of the large Russian companies: “We dispose of IT equipment as needed, or rather, as warehouses are full. Our company is located in a business center - here every square meter costs money. But since computers contain precious metals and dangerous chemical elements so you can't just throw them in the trash. As a rule, a specialized company, whose services we turn to, not only picks up the equipment, but also issues a certificate of its unrepairability, which is the basis for decommissioning the equipment.

The main problem is to find a company that will deal with this: when we had such a need, I first of all turned to our IT equipment suppliers. But it turned out that they do not provide such services, and it is best to go to specialized organizations with this. Therefore, some people supply us with equipment, and others dispose of it.

The company with which we are currently cooperating, we are quite satisfied. Both in terms of prices and organization of the process. First, we tell them what pool of equipment we have in stock. Their specialists come, carry out an assessment and give us certificates of the impossibility of repair. After that, we write off the equipment, pay for the disposal work, and they take what they paid for.

We write off equipment regularly: the PC depreciation period is three years. For printers and copiers, the same period is set, but the actual duration of their operation depends on the number of copies printed and the possibility of repair. We began to think about recycling issues not so long ago. Before that, we just stored the failed equipment. Some parts of the computers were used to modernize existing ones, the rest were disposed of. And in 2011, in connection with the transition to a new corporate system that is more demanding on the characteristics of workplaces, we completely changed the PC fleet. Before this, we had a similar global update four years ago.

We are a geographically distributed company, we have additional offices and regional departments. So in all regions of our presence there are companies that are engaged in the write-off and disposal of IT equipment. It is unprofitable for us to do this centrally. If the delivery of a PC to Moscow will cost us about 5 thousand rubles, and its residual value - about 1.5 thousand rubles, then, to be honest, we don’t want to bring it here. Moreover, if he is listed on the balance sheet of the regional office, then the head of the office, a financially responsible person, is responsible for him. And all recycling operations take place under the guidance of a financially responsible person. He chooses the company, and coordinates the candidates and the price with us.”

Every year, humanity throws 20 to 50 million tons of "electronic waste" into the landfill. And the volume of this type of waste is only increasing.

“Each mote is a vitamin in the belly”: recycling through the eyes of processors

We also turned to those companies that provide services for the disposal of IT and office equipment. In this case, we were interested in: how the business is built, how profitable it is, what those who want to develop this area should pay attention to, and whether there is a place in this business for companies selling IT equipment. Here is what they told us.

Anatoly Bochkarev, individual entrepreneur (Lesnoy, Sverdlovsk region): “For about five years we worked at ACC-Business Soft LLC - we were engaged in the supply of IT (hardware, software). And our clients, mainly municipal enterprises, asked for help to get rid of obsolete equipment. We understand that the more services an organization is ready to provide to its customers, the more in demand it is in the market. Based on this, they tried to engage in the recycling of computer and office equipment. True, we were not able to find a company that would carry out refining work right away ... In addition, in order to work legally in this business, we first of all had to register ourselves with the Ural Assay Inspectorate and obtain a certificate. To resolve this issue, we had to travel to Yekaterinburg five times. But in March 2011, IP Bochkarev A.V. was registered, and in April all Required documents.

From that moment on, we were able to sign contracts and acceptance certificates for equipment with customers, as well as pick up and remove decommissioned equipment from them. I note that with those clients whom we helped to get rid of the “headache” called “utilization”, any other issues are now resolved much easier.

Then the dismantling of equipment begins. Of course, something is already being taken in disassembled form, but the bulk of the equipment still has to be brought into line with the requirements of the receivers. The fact is that refineries do not accept equipment in the form in which it is handed over by customers, i.e. without dismantling. These businesses only need circuit boards. I remember sending the first batch for refining work. Actually, everything was for the first time then, we did not know how to draw up the necessary accompanying documents, we did not know what documents to confirm to customers the amount of precious metals in the utilized equipment. There were many different questions: with a place for dismantling, with plastic storage. By the way, it is still stored on our premises, we plan to use it as a raw material for the production of consumer goods.

In principle, the issue of recycling, at least in the Sverdlovsk region, is solved very simply. Find a company that has a refining license (in exceptional cases, a hazardous waste license may be suitable), and enter into an agreement with them for the supply of electronic scrap (or raw materials). Finding customers who want to dispose of retired equipment should begin with a visit to the city's property management committee. This is where you can get information about the need municipal enterprises in this service. This is for the first time, and then go to commercial companies with a proposal to recycle computer equipment. You can create your own website, which will host a list of equipment. Conclude an agreement with customers on the dismantling of equipment and its subsequent sending for recycling. Any work must be paid. Therefore, tell the customer (based on the price list) the cost of your services. Do not forget to include in it the cost of removing decommissioned equipment from the enterprise. Indicate the total amount in the act of acceptance and transfer of equipment, wait for payment and proceed with dismantling.

And when working with refineries, remember the following "subtleties". Do not try to ship 10-20 kg of circuit boards to them. They are not interested in these volumes, and for you such a batch will be too expensive (transportation costs). The optimal shipment is from 400 kg to 1 ton. In addition, specify which precious metals are analyzed by this refinery and what supporting documents you will receive after disposal of the decommissioned equipment. Please provide this information to your customers immediately.

The profitability of enterprises involved in waste processing is 17%. And most likely, this figure will not decrease for some time.

Tagir Sarbulatov, director of the Zauralye Utilization Company, Sibay, Bashkiria: “At the end of 2010, when I was choosing what to do after graduation, I decided that, in my opinion, the most interesting type of activity is the disposal of equipment ... And now our company is engaged in technical expertise and disposal of computers, office equipment and medical equipment. In addition, together with the Research Institute of Belarusian Railways, we collect and demercurize mercury-containing lamps. We accept any equipment for recycling, from a modem to an ATM, but there are exceptions: for example, last year we refused to dispose of an X-ray machine because it contains radioactive elements.

Unfortunately, the main problem of our market segment is the illiteracy of customers. From time to time we hear phrases: “How much will you pay us for the disposal of our equipment?”, “But we didn’t know that the old equipment needed to be disposed of, so we took it to a landfill.” In the first case, customers do not even think that we, like in any business, have our own costs: transportation costs, work on the processing of equipment, staff salaries. In the second - do not think about the environment ...

Now about the recycling process itself. For almost all types of equipment, the technology is the same: first, it is disassembled into its component parts, after which it is sorted by type of material (plastic, ferrous or non-ferrous metal, boards, glass). True, there are nuances - for example, we collect toner for printers in a separate container.

Our main clients - budget organizations: schools, hospitals, tax authorities, treasuries. From commercial - banks of our region.

In principle, I would like to see more orders, because profit depends on it, and I am getting closer to the implementation of my main plan - to open a production facility for the processing of solid waste. Most often, clients find me on the recommendation of previous customers, the rest “come” from our website or respond to commercial offers that we send them by e-mail. On average, we receive one order every two weeks.

Can sellers of IT equipment handle recycling? This is exactly what is done in many countries around the world. For example, in Japan, recycling is carried out at state level: since 1995, the government of this country has been passing laws according to which manufacturers of equipment must, in without fail recycle CRT TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and computers. Our country is far behind in this matter: there are no government programs that stimulate companies engaged in activities such as recycling and recycling.

In my opinion, the chain "supplier" - "client" - "recycling company" can work as follows: a client who buys new equipment from a company that is our "agent" undertakes to dispose of old equipment through us. For this he receives a discount of 3-5%. As a result, the client solves the problem of disposal, in turn, the IT supplier has an increase in the number of customers (I think many will find this offer tempting), and the recycling company assumes the cost of the discount.

Marina Sorkina(GK "TETRONIKS"): "We are engaged in recycling for one year - from the moment of receipt of the relevant documents (certificate of special registration by the state inspection of assay supervision and a license to carry out activities for the collection, use, neutralization, transportation, disposal of hazardous waste). But this was preceded by a lot of preparatory work: obtaining a license; employee training; preparation of the disposal site; purchase of equipment and tools; search for technologies for disassembly and processing; signing contracts with companies ready to take secondary raw materials for processing; development of workflow, etc. From the very beginning, we set ourselves the goal of minimizing the amount of unprocessed waste, i.e., those that are taken to the landfill. The preparatory work took almost a year.

The company "TETRONIKS", founded in 1995, currently, in addition to the supply of computer equipment (CT), provides wide range IT-related services: information protection and recovery, delivery of complex technical solutions(data storage systems, server hardware, configuration, installation and turnkey commissioning of these systems). It was this work that gave us the idea to engage in the recycling of equipment. This topic was raised quite often in conversations with heads of IT departments and chief accountants of enterprises. At the same time, ignorance was immediately evident legal documents regulating the handling of waste and secondary raw materials; lack of accounting for precious metals in the composition of BT; lack of budgets for recycling, etc. Often, faulty or obsolete and decommissioned equipment was transferred for recycling to organizations that did not have a license for this type of activity, or simply taken out (at best) to a landfill. After analyzing this market, we opened a new direction in our company. Why do we think this is possible?

Firstly, our company has a certified service center that provides services to enterprises in the repair, maintenance and maintenance of VT. Accordingly, we have qualified engineers who can help the organization draw up an act for decommissioning equipment, draw up a technical report on the malfunction and impossibility of repairing decommissioned equipment.

Secondly, we have a licensed information security department. It's no secret that on hard drives PCs and servers to be disposed of often contain confidential information that we can irretrievably destroy with the help of special equipment and give an official opinion about it.

We currently provide the following types of services:

We advise clients on the organization of the recycling process, we help to do this strictly within the framework of existing laws.

We carry out a technical examination and issue a conclusion for each piece of equipment written off about its physical wear, malfunction and non-repairability. If necessary, we guarantee the destruction of confidential information on all magnetic media that are part of the equipment being disposed of, we issue a conclusion for each media.

We take the equipment to our site for further processing: disassembly, sorting, crushing, pressing. We ourselves perform both preliminary disassembly and sorting of recyclable materials by type, and, if necessary, crushing into small fractions and pressing.

We transfer sorted (crushed or pressed) raw materials to partner companies that make new products from it. We don't do it ourselves. At the same time, we are constantly looking for new companies that could take the raw materials received both for further processing and for production. Finding those who will take ferrous metals or copper for processing is not difficult: there are many organizations on the market that are ready to accept any batch of this raw material and issue all the necessary documents. But plastic is much more difficult. Firstly, not all of its types are equally in demand. And even the most popular types of enterprises are accepted only if you can guarantee a sufficiently large monthly volume of deliveries. However, we have distribution channels for this type of raw material as well.

We transfer to the customer all the necessary set of documents for disposal, including for the correct accounting of precious metals in accordance with the law.

I note that even for the organization of only those processes that we deal with (dismantling and sorting), a large room and special equipment (scales, press, crusher, loading equipment, etc.) are required. In addition, it is necessary to register with the Assay Office and obtain a license to collect, use, neutralize, transport, and dispose of hazardous waste of hazard classes I–IV.

The cost of our services for customers depends on the complexity of processing various kinds technology. Let's take the costs of loading and unloading operations: a system unit weighing 4–7 kg is one thing, and a switching cabinet (about 700 kg) is another. Disassembling the system unit and sorting the raw materials is several times faster than, for example, disassembling a printer or copier. Pricing is also affected by the cost of the raw materials received: the system unit is a more liquid and expensive raw material (precious metals in electronic circuit boards, iron, aluminum, copper). And if you take an A3 floor-standing copier, then the output is heterogeneous plastic and metal contaminated with plastic. It is difficult to sell this recyclable material and get adequate money. And loading and unloading such a device is not an easy task. That's why recycling the system unit is cheaper.

Of course, there is special equipment, such as a shredder with a separator, to grind practically unassembled products and get metal and plastic as an output. But small and even medium-sized enterprises cannot afford it - the price of such shredders is about 350 thousand euros. So, while the process of disassembly and sorting is carried out for the most part manually - disposal of those products that require a lot of time for disassembly and isolation certain types raw materials, can not be cheap. Otherwise, the company simply takes this device to the landfill.

If we talk about the place recycling takes in our business, I will note that it is better to work with the client in several areas, this increases competitiveness. So far, the recycling market is less competitive than, for example, the supply of BT. Therefore, at the stage of getting to know the client, it is much easier to interest him in cooperation with our recycling company than to convince him to change his supplier of office equipment. Well, only then there are projects (in other areas), in which we can also take part.

Of course, we provide our customers with discounts if they work with us in several areas, but it is almost impossible to give a discount on new equipment and at the same time take away the old one for free. The VT supply market is not high-margin, and recycling, if it is carried out for real and old equipment is not taken to the nearest landfill, but recycled, requires serious costs and investments.

Nevertheless, I believe that recycling can be quite cost-effective. The marginality of these services consists of two components: payment for services by the customer and money received for raw materials transferred for recycling. At proper organization this type of business is more attractive than, for example, the sale of "boxed" goods (monitors, system units, etc.) to corporate clients. But if we compare it with our other areas of activity, then I would say that the level of marginality is average.

The main fixed costs in this business are renting large enough areas for disassembly, warehousing and sorting. Variable costs: wages and transportation costs plus investment in technology and equipment. In addition, at low turnover it is impossible to ensure a constant flow of raw materials to partner companies involved in the manufacture of new products, and they will not work with those who disrupt the delivery schedule. In our opinion, the number of recycled units per month, which allows to ensure profitability, should be in the thousands. The provision of related services helps to increase profits - preparation of a technical report, destruction of confidential information, etc. In principle, everyone can engage in this business. The barrier to entry is not very high. It all depends on how attractive this direction will seem to companies and whether its profitability will be higher or lower than the profitability of existing directions.

Representative one of the recycling companies, Moscow: “We have been operating since 1994. The main services are: recycling of equipment, examination of the technical condition, processing of precious metal raw materials, buying scrap of imported boards for processing. We have more than 2.5 thousand clients: from the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation to small commercial firms. Mainly for processing technical means, but as an exception, we can accept everything except tires and mercury lamps (we also have permission for this, but it’s very dreary).

The main problem in our business is the inadequacy of legislation and tasks, misunderstanding and, as a result, lack of support from the state.

Now about whether IT vendors can deal with the recycling of computer equipment. I don't think they can, and they shouldn't. They could, under certain conditions, accept equipment and transfer it for subsequent disposal (if, of course, they have the necessary space). We cooperate with such agents and are interested in them. We need companies that would hand over defective circuit boards to us for processing (we buy them to extract precious metals). As I said, we have such partners. They get their delta due to the consolidation of orders - to dispose of 200 kg of "garbage" costs about the same as 1 ton."

In fairness, we note that in equally developed Canada and Japan, laws oblige to pay for the processing of end-user equipment (for a piece of equipment - from 5 to 50 dollars and about 40 dollars, respectively). And if in Canada this law applies only to corporate clients, then in Japan ordinary residents who decide to get rid of obsolete equipment, which, by the way, they are obliged to send by mail to the name of the manufacturer, who must accept it and recycle, should “fork out” as well.

Old household appliances should not be thoughtlessly thrown into a landfill. This has a negative impact on the environment and is absolutely inappropriate. modern and effective solution The problem was the recycling of household appliances. This practice is gaining momentum in Russia, and our company offers services for the rational disposal of failed, obsolete and decommissioned technical devices.

As a result of the recycling of equipment used in everyday life, it is possible to obtain valuable metals and plastic particles. Most importantly, it is possible to get rid of chemical components that have an extremely negative impact on the environment. Incorrect disposal of old household appliances causes poisoning toxic substances. Therefore, the recycling process is expedient and reasonable, not only in terms of production possibilities and financial benefits.

Processing cost

Features of processing equipment

Each type of waste involves its own method of processing, hence the complexity of this process. Televisions and computer monitors are disassembled by hand. Then the parts are sorted and sent for further processing to their destination. A kinescope is cut at the TV, the glass is separated from the screen. Mobile equipment (smartphones, players, and other gadgets) is also disassembled manually due to the features of the devices, small parts from different materials. The same applies to computers and office equipment. Working parts are used as spare parts in service centers. Plastic and metal parts are sent for recycling.

Refrigeration equipment and air conditioning systems are subjected to a preliminary extraction of freon, then the parts are separated by materials (plastic, metal, glass). Large household appliances also need manual disassembly, sorting by material.

After disassembly and separation of materials:

• some of the elements are reused;
• parts unsuitable for reuse are crushed and turned into powder.

In the latter case, a mixture is obtained, which is subsequently divided into fractions. Magnetization separates tiny metal particles. Plastic elements are light, blown using a special apparatus. Heavy metal particles are also separated using magnets.

Recycling of household appliances is considered complete when all the elements obtained during disassembly and grinding are carefully sorted. They are ready to be reused in the production process.

Removal of household appliances from home and office

Our company accepts small and large equipment. We will relieve you of the need to take out heavy devices yourself, provide transport and pick up devices for further processing. Next, a painstaking process of disassembly and sorting is organized.

Recycling of household appliances in Moscow is carried out regularly. Our employees are ready to pick up any number of technical devices: both one refrigerator and a large batch of computers decommissioned at the enterprise. Leave a request, we will agree on the conditions and at the set time we will arrive to pick up the devices.

Disposal of household appliances must be carried out correctly in any country, because. devices consist of elements that can decompose in nature for hundreds of years. In addition to long-term biodegradation, devices contain toxic components that are dangerous for our environment. Disposal of such waste - modern way solutions to an environmental problem.

The range of equipment subject to recycling is quite wide. Services involved in the processing and destruction of waste ensure the disposal of:

1. Large household appliances: washing machines and dishwashers.
2. Small household appliances: coffee grinders, vacuum cleaners, hair dryers, electric kettles, toasters, irons, scales, meat grinders, etc.

Additional Information! According to some dictionaries, household appliances also include consumer electronics, which include video and audio devices, computers and other devices that are also subject to disposal when they fail.

Sometimes there are restrictions on the acceptance of parts of old household appliances for recycling. So, for example, large chain stores of household appliances accept devices in a complete set under the recycling program, and not individual parts of equipment.

Recycling promotions from stores

AT modern world home appliances become obsolete short time, after all, manufacturers of electrical appliances strive to bring new and improved models to the market as quickly as possible. In this regard, for many people, the problem of recycling not only non-working equipment, but also simply obsolete devices becomes an urgent one. For this reason, recycling shares in stores have become widespread. The essence of the program is that large retail chains accept old equipment from the population and in return offer their customers a discount on the purchase of new appliances. Let's take a look at some of the stores that offer recycling promotions.

"El Dorado". The stores of this network enable customers to return almost any household appliances, while the recycling discount can be 1-20% (depending on the type of goods sold). This takes place once or twice a year. This distribution network sends the accepted devices for environmentally friendly processing to the UKO company, with which Eldorado has been cooperating for more than 5 years.

"M Video". This network also accepts household appliances for recycling from customers. The campaign was successfully held for the first time in 2016. There are some restrictions in this network, namely, devices of the brands Loewe, Smeg, Miele, etc. do not participate in the program. M.Video gives a discount when disposing of an old device, even subject to the purchase of new equipment in installments.

The discount received by the client for the purchase of a new product varies depending on the price of the purchased device. The minimum value of a pleasant bonus is 5%, the maximum is 20%. The store accepts any equipment. When ordering the delivery service of the purchased device, the buyer gets the opportunity to export the old device by the employees of this distribution network.

As a rule, household appliances hypermarkets enter into contracts with enterprises that provide recycling of old devices containing a considerable amount of toxic elements (mercury, freon, lead, etc.). A rational approach to the processing of such hazardous waste helps to conserve natural resources and protect the environment.

Points of reception and disposal of household appliances

As such, there are very few points for receiving and recycling household appliances in our country (especially in small towns, villages and villages). In some cases, devices can be scrapped for money, but most likely you will not be able to get a decent amount.

Companies accepting equipment for the purpose of subsequent processing can act as recycling points. Such firms either act as intermediaries between the waste source and processing plant or independently carry out the purchase and disposal of household appliances. Large volumes of end-of-life devices are purchased or accepted free of charge by companies. legal entities. Some organizations for the acceptance and disposal of equipment in Moscow: CJSC Petromax, Technika, Technostok, etc.

Russian problems of disposal of electronic devices and civilized ways to solve this problem abroad, as well as the stages of processing devices at the Petromax enterprise, are covered in the video

Mobile recycling service

The mobile recycling service differs from stationary points in that the company's employees go to the customer's home or organization and independently dismantle the equipment and transport it to the recycling site.

Such services work on client requests, which are usually submitted by phone or through the company's website. You can quickly find mobile service contacts online.

Turning to such a company, the client receives a number of advantages, namely:

• material benefit (in some cases);
• free dismantling and removal of devices;
• operational execution of work.

Mobile services for the disposal of any devices in Moscow are, for example, the Nautil and Util-Mobil companies.

Recycling household appliances

Proper recycling of household appliances is important to protect the environment from negative impact hazardous materials, saving natural resources and Money various enterprises (it is much cheaper to produce new products from recycled materials). Electrical appliances contain metals, plastic and glass parts, rubber components, etc. Therefore, processing begins with breaking the devices using special equipment. Next, non-metallic components are selected (as a rule, manually) when garbage moves along the sorting line, magnetic metal parts are removed by a separator. After sorting, small plastics are shredded together with non-magnetic metals.

After each stage of grinding the material, the largest parts are separated from the rest of the mass by an automated system. Then separation is carried out, as a result of which non-ferrous metal and plastic material are obtained separately from each other. The resulting raw material is sent for further processing in order to produce the final product.

A simple household appliance recycling line consists of:

• shredders;
• conveyors and magnetic separators;
• equipment providing aspiration and filtration of dust particles;
• hoods;
• automatic control system - ACS.

Household appliances, ending up in a landfill, become an extremely dangerous object that damages human health and nature. Therefore, each of us can make a small contribution to environmental protection by contacting special services for the safe and cost-effective disposal of old and unwanted household appliances. “No” to junk at home, “yes” to recycling!