5.2.3 Organization of the workplace of the machine operator on the site

Organization of the turner's workplace

The turner's workplace is equipped with: One or more machines with a set of accessories, a set of technological equipment, consisting of fixtures, cutting, measuring and auxiliary tools, a set of technical documentation that is constantly at the workplace (instructions, reference books, auxiliary tables, etc.) , a set of machine and workplace care items (oilers, brushes, hooks, scoops, cleaning materials, etc.), tool cabinets, stands, tablets, racks, etc., mobile and portable containers for blanks and manufactured parts , footrests, stools or chairs, as well as telephone or other types of communication.

A set of technological equipment and a set of maintenance items for the machine and the workplace for permanent use are installed depending on the nature of the work performed, the type of machine and the type of production. The largest number of such equipment is used by turners working in conditions of single and small-scale production, and much less - by turners working in conditions of serial and large-scale production. The layout of the workplace, as well as its equipment, depends on many factors, including the type of machine and its overall dimensions, the size and shape of workpieces, the type and organization of production, etc. More often than others, two options for planning the turner's workplace are used:

The tool cabinet (bedside table) is located to the right of the worker, and the rack (receiving table) for parts is to the left (Figure 6). Such a layout is rational if the processing of workpieces with installation in the centers with the left hand prevails, the tool cabinet (bedside table) is located on the left side of the worker, and the rack is on the right (Figure 7). This layout of the workplace is convenient when installing the workpiece and removing the machined part with the right hand or with two hands (in the manufacture of long and relatively heavy parts). This version of the workplace layout is most appropriate in the case of processing small batches of different types of workpieces that require frequent changes of cutting tools.

1 - machine; 2 - trash can; 3 - tablet for drawings; 4 - instrumental bedside table; 5 - tool tray; 6 - lattice; 7 - container; 8 - receiving table.

Figure 6 - Scheme of placement of orgosnastka at the turner's workplace.

1 - tool cabinet; 2 - tablet for drawings; 3 – tablet for measuring instruments; 4 - box for auxiliary tools; 5 - boxes for tools and parts; 6 - rack; 7 - lattice.

Figure 7 - Layout of the turner's workplace.

The duties of the turner include lubricating the machine and cleaning chips. The turner must periodically check the accuracy of the machine and adjust it in accordance with the recommendations set out in the instruction manual.

Poor organization of the workplace, cluttering it and aisles, malfunction of the machine and fixtures, insufficient knowledge by the worker of the device of the machine and the rules for its operation, malfunction of electrical equipment and wiring, lack of fences and safety devices, work with faulty tools, contamination of the machine and foot grate can lead to accidents . The optimal organization of the workplace will bring positive results if the turner is extremely careful during work, since the machine is an object of increased danger. For safe operation, it is necessary to correctly assign cutting conditions, securely fix the workpiece, use serviceable tools with chipbreakers, protective devices, etc.

Organization of the work of a CNC machine operator

The functions of maintenance personnel on CNC machines are reduced to installing, fixing and aligning fixtures and tools, entering programs or installing a program carrier and workpieces, replacing cutting tools, removing machined parts and monitoring the operation of the machine. On a CNC machine tool, the change of the cutting tool is automated.

As a rule, CNC machines are serviced by an operator and a fitter, between whom two options for the distribution of duties are possible. According to the first variant, adjustment, readjustment and re-adjustment are performed by the adjuster, and the operator performs operational work and control over the operation of the machine. According to the second variant, the adjustment and readjustment is carried out by the adjuster, and the adjustment, operational work and control over the work is carried out by the operator.

The functions of the adjuster are more complex and extensive than those of the operator. They include acceptance and inspection of equipment, preparation of tools and fixtures for adjustment, input of a control program, adjustment, readjustment, adjustment and control of equipment health, instruction of the worker-operator.

To ensure labor safety, the operator is obliged to comply with the rules specific to specific types of work.

Before starting work, the operator must: check the operability of the machine, and for this, using the test program, check the operation of the CNC device and the machine itself, make sure that lubrication is supplied, that there is oil in the hydraulic system, check the operation of the limit stops; check the reliability of fixing fixtures and tools, the compliance of the workpiece with the requirements of the technological process, the deviation from the accuracy of the zero setting of the machine (should not exceed the norm); deviation for each of the coordinates, as well as the runout of the tool in the machine spindle; before starting work on the program, turn on the “Network” machine, install the workpiece and fix it, enter the control program into the CNC, load the magnetic tape or punched tape into the reader, press the “Start” button and process the first workpiece according to the program. Check the quality of processing of the first workpiece for compliance with the drawing. It is not allowed to install and process workpieces on the machine, the mass of which exceeds the permissible mass specified in the machine's passport.

The overall dimensions and layout of the premises should provide free access to all components and devices of CNC machines during their operation. One of the indispensable conditions that ensure the safety of the operator of CNC machines is the illumination of the room (200 lux with fluorescent lamps and 150 lux with incandescent lamps). The level of illumination for CNC machines of accuracy classes B and A should be even higher.

Organization of the grinder's workplace

Figure 8 shows an approximate diagram of the organization of the workplace of a grinder serving a surface grinder. In front of the machine 1 there is a lattice (stand) under the legs 3 and a chair 4 for rest. To the left of it there is a control table 2 for the measuring tool, and to the right - a receiving table 5 and a rack 6 for devices with a sliding platform. On top of the rack there is a cassette 7 for storage of abrasive tools. To the right of the machine there is a hydraulic station 8 and an electrical cabinet 9, and to the left is a tank 10 for coolant.

1 - machine; 2 - control table; 3 - lattice; 4 - chair; 5 - receiving table; 6 - rack; 7 - cassette; 8 - hydroelectric station; 9 - electrical cabinet; 10 - coolant tank.

Figure 8 - Scheme of the organization of the workplace of a grinder serving a circular grinding machine. The workplace of the grinder is equipped with a device for forced suction of dust in order to avoid injuring the eyes of the worker with abrasive grains when dressing grinding wheels. In grinding machines operating without the use of coolant, it should be possible to connect a local exhaust ventilation system to them.

5.3 Product quality control system

The main tasks of the Quality Control Department are to prevent low-quality products, increase discipline and responsibility, check raw materials and tools. In the process of manufacturing the “Body” part, the following control methods are used in the mechanical section:

Visual, i.e. external detection of defects;

Geometric, which determines the accuracy of geometric shapes and sizes with the help of measuring tools and fixtures (micrometers, calipers, inside gauges; gauge-shackles, gauge-plugs, indicators).

A selective type of control is used - this is the control of a part of the products, i.e. any item from the batch is selected and measured (68%).

5.4 Measures for energy and resource saving

When comparing the basic and project variants of the technological process in the graduation project, the difference in material and energy costs is clearly visible.

In the design version, the mass of the workpiece can be reduced, which will reduce the cost of metal for each workpiece of the part specified for design, and for the annual output of parts.

The decrease in the metal consumption of the workpiece leads to a decrease in the volume of chips during machining. Consequently, the level of energy consumption of metalworking equipment per part and per annual production of parts is reduced.

The main consumers of energy resources in the machine-building complex are metallurgical, heat-treating and galvanic production, where technical re-equipment, use of energy from alternative sources, including waste from own production, can be energy-saving measures. But even in the metalworking industry, a significant amount of electricity is used, which is spent on direct processing on metal-cutting machines, for the operation of auxiliary equipment, for lighting, heating, for transporting parts, workpieces and chips.

The use of equipment with a minimum specific rate of electricity consumption and with the minimum possible power of electric motors leads to a decrease in the level of energy consumption.

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Increasing personal efficiency at work has become a real scourge of our time. Employers hire special consultants and coaches to train their staff. Attention is paid to every, at first glance, the little things that can affect productivity. One of the primary criteria affecting effective time management is the arrangement of the workplace, where an office worker spends most of his time. In the USA, a special National Association of Professional Organizers has even been created, that is, professionals who specialize in the proper organization of your workspace in order to make it as comfortable as possible.
Muliersite provides advice from Western professionals for those who do not want to be distracted by extraneous trifles at their desks.

Tidy up your workspace.
The first thing to start with is to get rid of unnecessary items and papers on your desktop. Review the papers at your fingertips.

Get rid of all duplicates. Conduct an audit of the file of documents and put aside those that you have not accessed for more than 6 months. Only after the table is cleared of unnecessary papers is it worth proceeding to the next step.
It is very important - accustom yourself to periodically wet cleaning your workplace. According to Charles Gebra, a professor of microbiology at the University of Arizona, there are 400 times more bacteria on our desktops than in a toilet sink. Therefore, regular cleaning of the workplace with cleaning agents is required.

Evaluate the arrangement of furniture in the office / at the workplace.
Decide on the pieces of furniture that you use most often. It can be a trash can, a shredder, a shelf for storing documents. If you regularly use some pieces of furniture, try to place them near your workplace. This will help you not to be distracted from your tasks every time you need to put papers into the right folders or dispose of a document.

Workplace organization.
Desktop clutter is one of the most destructive factors affecting efficiency.

“The clutter around us scatters our attention every time we see it. And each time we make an effort to concentrate again. As a result, the brain quickly experiences a feeling of stress from overload at work,

is how professional space organizer Brooke Stone described the impact of workplace clutter.

Try to keep only the most necessary gadgets and supplies on your desk. If you use your mobile phone charger every day, place it within easy reach. If you have two chargers, give one to a colleague. Even technicians insist that unused things consume our energy. And if these things are also constantly in sight, then they, in addition, divert precious attention.
The same goes for office supplies. Have a few pens and a notepad handy. In a modern office, this will be enough for work. Petty Kremer, a certified space planning consultant, advises categorizing items as "close friends":

“If you use an item every day, it’s like your close friend, it should always be there. If you use the item occasionally (once a month or periodically), keep it nearby. If you don't use an item or access it very rarely, you can take it out of the office and make it a public object.

Work with the monitor.
Most of the time an office worker spends in front of a monitor. Keep your PC or monitor at least 45 cm away from your eyes.
Try not to overload your monitor with sticky notes reminding you of important tasks. Any foreign objects will distract your attention every time you look at the monitor. Therefore, if there are more than three urgent cases, it is better to add them to the To Do List - a list of things planned for today. Keep this list always handy.

Personal items.
Personal things are very important. They create an atmosphere of coziness and comfort. However, don't go overboard with the number of nostalgic knick-knacks and family photos. Try to have no more than 3-4 personal items on the table that will cheer you up during the day. But at the same time, they will not distract attention from work.

End of work.

Train yourself to be organized. If you used some kind of object - a stapler, a ruler, a gadget - immediately put them in their place. Try to make this ritual a habit and you will immediately notice how much more harmonious and spacious your workplace will become.
At the end of the day, clean up your desk and sort all the accumulated documentation into folders. Put the items and stationery that you used today in their places. Try to prepare your workplace for the new day as early as possible in the evening.
Thus, the new working day starts much easier and you will not start the morning with putting things in order.

Muliersite hopes that the advice of Western experts will be useful for you as well.

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If you are looking for an original idea for your own business in an area where there is still no competition, look to the West. Ideas that have been tested there and proved successful will most likely be in no less demand in our country. However, blindly copying foreign experience is also not worth it, otherwise there is a high probability of losing money and time without even recouping the initial costs.

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Many of our compatriots are gradually leaving their offices, preferring to work at home. These include numerous freelancers, private entrepreneurs, and small start-up companies. They do not have the opportunity or need to rent a “full-fledged” office space. They do not need hired workers (or workers sitting in the office "from call to call" under the strict supervision of superiors). All they need is a laptop with Internet access and a headset for Skype calls. However, not everyone can work within the walls of their apartment for various reasons. Someone is hindered by relatives, someone needs a special working atmosphere, someone is not allowed by living conditions to equip a small but full-fledged office. This is how the idea of ​​co-working (from the English co-working - “working together”) appeared - a common space equipped with everything necessary for work and rented out for any period - from several hours to several months. The frequenters of co-working centers are mostly freelancers (designers, journalists, translators, programmers, etc.) who do not need a full-time office, but who need an equipped workplace.

The coworking model appeared relatively recently - in 2005, when a young American programmer Brad Newberg, choosing between working in the office and freelancing at home, decided to combine these two work formats. Together with freelancers like himself, Newberg rented office space and began renting out jobs in it. In just a few years, this phenomenon has spread throughout the world. Initially, for Russia, the coworking format seemed too exotic: the number of freelancers in our country is still not as large as abroad. However, now co-working centers are successfully operating in almost all major cities of our country and bring considerable profit to their owners.

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In order for people to work productively, it is necessary to create suitable working conditions. This should begin at the planning stage of office space, if this is not possible, then attention should be paid to the design of workplaces.

Organization of the workplace: important rules

To properly organize the workplace follow the advice:

"Quality furniture is worth more than money". If it is not possible to completely update the furniture, do it at least for the departments that work with clients and, of course, for the manager. This will immediately raise the status of your enterprise in the eyes of people and increase your profits accordingly.

"The table and chair create comfort". Proper selection of this furniture will reduce staff fatigue. Given that everyone is of different heights, it is better to choose chairs with rising seats.

"Clean table". On the working surface there should not be objects that are not related to work.

"Everything has its place". All documents, without exception, must have their permanent place. At the end of the working day, be sure to put everything on the shelves.

"Use Organizers". In order not to clog the workspace, store all small items in a special stand.

"Clean where they don't litter". The administration should introduce some restrictions in the office, for example, to ban smoking and eating in the offices.

"Lighting". A sufficient amount of light is a factor that positively affects the comfortable work and health of the employee.

"Fresh air". Fresh indoor air increases productivity and reduces employee fatigue.

"Volume". You need to choose the best option for external noise that will not cause discomfort to employees.

"Ambient temperature". The environment affects the work of the entire team. Try to optimize it so that everyone is happy.

For most of the population, work is an integral part of life.

People get different emotions from labor activity, some brings pleasure and prosperity, but there are those for which hard work. In any case, most of the time a person spends at work, so you need to know how to make your stay as comfortable and successful as possible.

Organization of the workplace: the correct location of the desktop according to Feng Shui

Lately great meaning when organizing their living space, people give the rules of feng shui. It is this science that optimizes energy flows, which increases the chances of success and prosperity. There is nothing complicated in it, all that is needed is to determine the correct location of the desktop and the items that will be located on it.

Feng Shui Desktop Location: Tips

Between table and wall the opposite should be enough free space- it denotes your plans for the future. The greater the distance, the higher you can move up the career ladder.

The table should not stand under the ceiling beams.- they produce destructive energy. If this is not possible, put vases with fresh flowers, they will take away some of the negativity.

It is forbidden organize workplace on the same line between the window and the door- You will simply be blown away by the flow of energy. Try to rotate the table as much as possible perpendicular to these objects.

Give up table position to the door face or back the best option diagonally. You will see the door, and your back will be protected from an invisible threat.

If in the room huge windows, it is better stay away from them. At the energy level, they cause unconscious danger. If there is no chance to change the place, close them with curtains or hang blinds. Additionally, you can decorate the window sills with flowers in pots.

Don't sit under the air conditioner it can not only cause illness, but it will also blow all thoughts out of your head and interfere with work. If possible, move your desktop to a place that is safe in every way.

For good and fruitful work there should be a lot of light above the table. An ideal option is a lamp with an ordinary light bulb in a honey or golden shade, it will become your symbol of good luck.

The workplace should not be reflected in the mirror, it will absorb all your efforts. Even if you like to admire yourself while you work, try to give up this pleasure and sit back from the mirror.

Chair near the desktop is also of great importance dimensions must be proportional to the table. It is better if there are armrests and a good back - this will give you a feeling of support and support. Do not skimp on a quality chair, it will even add self-confidence.

For managers the best option would be to place your workplace how can further from the entrance to the office. A different location will negatively affect your career and even reduce your authority in the team. After all, according to the rules of the ancient world, the leader always chooses the best place.

Subordinates are better off sitting in front of superiors, this will provide him with full protection and support.

When you get a job in a big office, then opportunity to choose a job, no. However, you can still help yourself setting up a personal workplace according to the recommendations of feng shui, which will help neutralize the negative impact from the outside and stabilize the situation.

To have prosperity and success in your career, feng shui rules:

the best location will be the northern part of the room;

in the southeastern part, put a "money tree";

hang an image of a turtle behind your back;

the table lamp should be red.

We figured out the arrangement of furniture, now we will add everything the correct position of objects in the workplace. This will become a certain talisman for achieving even greater success in work and harmony in relation to colleagues.

If your desk looks like a mini junkyard, don't count on a successful career. Feng Shui means perfect order, because without it, positive energy will not be able to circulate freely. To do this, you need to put everything in its place, select a drawer or cabinet for this. The first thing to do is use "bagua" - energy card, which divides any space into 9 parts, each of which is responsible for a specific area of ​​​​life. Ask yourself what is the most important thing in life for you and, based on the answer, organize your workplace in accordance with your preferences.

Arrangement of objects on the table according to Feng Shui:

Place a lighting fixture in the far left corner. This place is responsible for financial well-being.

Put a photo in the middle left your loved ones or a talisman that is associated with family happiness.

Store books on the front left or other items to record. Add here some blue object to stimulate your cognition.

The area at the back in the center is responsible for the reputation. Place a red lamp or your awards in this place.

In the middle in the center - a place of health. Try to always keep it spotlessly clean, it is better if there are flowers here.

Front in the center - a place of career. There must be a computer. A screensaver that shows the ocean or a waterfall symbolizes money.

Rear right - relationship zone. Post a photo of your loved one here, if there is none, then a red flower to attract love.

Middle right - creative zone. Place magazines or any metal objects made of iron in this place.

Place front right customer phone lists.

Crystal pyramid in the southern part will be your assistant in overcoming all difficulties on the way to promotion.

Success in negotiations will provide four-armed Ganesha. Its best location is on your right hand, contact it from time to time and stroke it.

There are others talismans appropriate on the table that are responsible for material abundance are the three-legged toad, the money tree and Chinese coins. The main thing to remember is that the last item should be hidden from prying eyes, put them under the keyboard.

Making it right soon you notice positive changes at work. Relationships with colleagues and superiors will change. The manager will begin to notice your merit and colleagues' knowledge.

Currently, large, medium and small businesses are developing at a rapid pace. The most common and in demand are the service sector, trade and farming. Separately, it is necessary to highlight the service sector. The current idea is the organization of metal processing services. Today, metal is one of the most common materials. It is widely used in construction and industry. A very promising business would be to open your own metal processing workshop. It should be noted that this idea will require certain investments.

Metalworking is a fairly broad concept. It can be based on technological processes used in industry, or decorative. In any case, organizing such a business will require a lot of effort. Metal parts and products are in great demand, making them, you can donate goods to various private organizations or shops. The advantage of such a business is that the sale of goods will not be difficult. Let's take a closer look at the business plan. Metalworking: how registration is carried out, documentation is collected, where to buy equipment - these are the questions that he must take into account.

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Registration and collection of necessary papers

To start your own metalworking business, the first step is to draw up an accurate business plan, which should include choosing the location of the future enterprise, registering, collecting documents, purchasing equipment and tools, establishing a client base, determining basic expenses and income, selling products . First, a novice entrepreneur must decide on a location. In addition, it is important to know exactly what you want to open: a small workshop or a workshop where metalworking will be carried out. Then, after you have a legal address, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC with the tax office.

In this case, you need to pay a state fee. The first registration option is the easiest and will save you time and money. But he has one big drawback: in this case, it will not be possible to carry out transactions with legal entities, that is, various companies and organizations, only with individuals. In addition, it will be necessary to collect the necessary documents: permission from the territorial administration of property, the conclusion of the Rospotrebnadzor authorities on the right to carry out this activity, the permission of the fire inspectorate. If the premises are rented, then the latter is assigned to the landlord.

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Equipment for cold artistic forging and profile bending

Metalworking refers to a greater extent to medium or small businesses. The business plan involves artistic forging of metal and bending of various profiles, pipe rolling.

Artistic forging is used mainly in private construction in the manufacture of window bars, furniture, fences, fences.

In this case, the cold forging method is used. Such metalworking will require the purchase of equipment with which it will be possible to produce coins, arcs, pikes, arches, rings and other small decorative items. Its advantage is that it is very compact (takes up little space) and is more convenient to use.

The most popular among this equipment is the Azhur-2 cold forging machine, the cost of which is more than 250 thousand rubles. It is Russian made. There are also foreign-made machines, for example, Chinese ones. They cost a little cheaper, about 210 thousand rubles. The business plan may also include such a technological process as profile bending. For these purposes, pipe benders are used. They can be manual or electric. They are used for the manufacture and processing of pipes, channels, rods, strips and so on. Such metalworking will require equipment. The most commonly used for these purposes is the device "Azhur-6". It costs about 170 thousand rubles. In addition to all of the above, you will need a large number of tools and machines. You can buy them at any specialized store.

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Profitability, main expenses and income

The business plan necessarily includes the calculation of total expenses and income, since success and will depend on this. Metalworking is a rather difficult occupation. Its business plan should include the rental of premises, which will require several tens of thousands per month. Expenditure to a greater extent will be associated with the acquisition of equipment. It will take about a million rubles, it all depends on the size of the enterprise. The smaller it is, the lower the costs. Part of the money will go to pay wages to workers. Metalworking to a greater extent is an automated work, and the more machines there are in the enterprise, the fewer workers will be required.