5 times prayer. Obligatory prayers: features and order of performance by men. Two-rakah sunnah and nafl prayers
Prayer is one of the obligatory pillars of the Islamic religion. It must be followed by every true believer. Prayer frees the mind, calms the soul and clears the mind. Namaz is a fivefold prayer that helps Muslims turn to the Lord and cope with difficult situations. But in order to read prayer correctly, it is necessary to follow certain rules and perform prayers at certain times of the day and night.
Prayer times and names
Each prayer includes several rak'ahs, sequences of actions. They consist of reading certain surahs of the Qur'an in a standing position and two types of bows: to the belt and to the ground.
- Morning prayer is called Fajr and consists of 2 rak'ahs. It is performed from the moment, as soon as the first signs of dawn appeared, until the final sunrise. Prayer stops as soon as the sun is completely behind the horizon line.
- Lunch - Zuhr - 4 rak'ahs. Starts a couple of minutes after noon.
- Afternoon - Asr - 4 rak'ahs. Takes place a few hours before sunset. It is fundamentally necessary to finish praying before the sun begins to be lost behind the horizon line.
- Evening - Maghreb - 3 rak'ahs. It is performed immediately after the sun has set, but even before the evening glow has disappeared.
- Night - Isha - 4 rak'ahs. Done late in the evening. Prayer time is until dawn. However, it is better not to delay and pray on time.
In addition to the main actions, there are desirable prayers, for the performance of which Allah will reward the believers. For beginners, of course, to begin with, it is enough to learn the main part of the ritual and get used to the regular schedule of five times prayer. But after it becomes a habit, it is advisable to add the rest of the sunnat prayers.
Preparing for prayer
Before you start praying, you need to:
- Cleanse the body: do a small bath, wudu. If necessary, the believer must make a ghusl.
- Wear clean and tidy clothes: Muslim women must cover their 'awrah, but they may not cover their face, feet and hands. In this case, the hair should be hidden under clothing. Men do not need to cover their heads.
- Observe the time of this or that prayer.
- Turn towards the qibla, the shrine of the Kaaba, which is located in Saudi Arabia, Mecca.
- Lay out a prayer rug, a clean towel, or a sheet.
- Get into a pose. Women should stand up straight, legs together, and arms along the body. Men should put their feet shoulder-width apart, freely lower their hands, and look down in front of them.
- Mentally express the intention in the heart to read namaz. Every Muslim should begin such an important matter with sincerity and reverence and with full responsibility approach the intention to perform prayer for the pleasure of the Almighty Lord.
Once all of the above points are completed, the believer can proceed to prayer.
How to read namaz correctly
If the intention is pronounced to oneself, then everything else - the introductory takbir, dua, suras of the Koran, is spoken aloud. Not necessarily in a full voice, perhaps in a whisper, because the situation does not always favor complete unity.
- From the position in which you are standing, raise the palms of your hands to your shoulders and say out loud the expression "Allahu Akbar!" This will be the opening takbir. Watch the awrah: the sleeves must not come down. Otherwise, prayer will not be performed.
- Fold your arms crosswise at chest level. Place your right hand on top. Read Surah Al-Fatiha.
- Bow at the waist. Remember, men should bow lower than women and look down at their feet. Place your hands on your knees, but do not clasp them.
- Return to the starting position.
- Make a bow to the earth and say the phrase "Allahu Akbar" at the same time. To do this, kneel down, then lean on your palms and elbows and touch the ground with your nose and forehead. At the same time, rest your toes on the ground.
- With the same words, move to a sitting position and say the phrase "Subhanallah."
- Again, bow to the ground and at the same time say the phrase "Allahu Akbar."
- Return to the starting position in order to make the second rak'ah.
- Begin, as at the very beginning, by reading Surah Al-Fahita. You can choose the words of dhikr, read any small sura.
- Now bow to the waist and to the ground, as was the case with the first rak'ah.
- Sit on your feet so that your palms are on your knees, and both legs are turned to the right side. Thus, you will not sit on your feet, but on the floor. In this position, say Dua Attahiyyat. After, if you perform Fajr prayer, say the end of the prayer.
If you are reading a prayer, which consists of three, four rak'ahs, then after the dua, change your position: get up, stand up straight and do the next rak'ahs. Then Muslims can turn to Almighty Allah in a free form in any language with prayers and requests for personal. The Lord will surely hear you after prayer and help you.
The time of the morning prayer begins from the moment the dawn appears and lasts until the beginning of sunrise. Morning prayer consists of four rak'ahs, two of which are sunnah and two are fard. First, 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed, then 2 rak'ahs of the fard.
Sunnah of Morning Prayer
First rak'ah
"I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah of the morning (Fajr or Subh) prayer". (Fig. 1)
"Allahu Akbar"
Then and (Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim" "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" after you speak "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)
After you speak "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" "Allahu Akbar"
And again with words "Allahu Akbar" sink into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar" rise from soot to the second rak'ah. (Fig. 6)
Second rak'ah
speak "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim"(Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand "(bow from the waist). In the bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" after you speak "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)
After you speak "Allahu Akbar", perform soot (bow to the earth). When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose. In bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar" rise from soot to a sitting position after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds (Fig. 5)
And again with the words "Allahu Akbar" again sink into soot and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After pronounce "Allahu Akbar" Climb with SASHIT in a sitting position and read the attachis of attachis "Attahiti Lillyakhs vassalatat Vatayibaty. Assalyami aleike Ayuyhananabiyu wa rahmatyllahi ua barakatyh. Assalam aleina wa Gaybadili ilihiin. Ashkhadya illyakh illyakh. Then you read Salavat "Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayaita ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innakya Hamidum-Majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim-Majidum-Majid Hamidum "Then read du" and Rabban. (Fig. 5)
Say a greeting: with a turn of the head, first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left. (Fig. 7)
This completes the prayer.
Then we read two fard rak'ats. Fard of morning prayer. In principle, fard and sunnah prayers are no different from each other, only the intention that you perform fard prayers for men also changes, as well as those who have become imams in prayer need to read suras and takbirs aloud "Allahu Akbar".
Fard of Morning Prayer
The fard of morning prayer, in principle, is no different from the sunnah of prayer, only the intention that you perform fard prayer for men, as well as those who have become an imam in prayer, you need to read surah al-Fatiha and a short surah, takbirs "Allahu Akbar", some dhikrs out loud.
First rak'ah
Standing, make the intention (niyat) to perform prayer: "I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak'ahs of the morning (Fajr or Subh) fard prayer". (Fig. 1)
Raise both hands, fingers spread, palms facing Qibla, to ear level, thumbs touching earlobes (women raise their hands at chest level) and say "Allahu Akbar", then place the right hand with the palm on the left hand, clasping the little finger and thumb of the right hand around the wrist of the left hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel (women put their hands at chest level). (Fig. 2)
Standing in this position, read du'a Sana "Subhaanakya allahumma va bihamdika, va tabaarakyasmuka, va ta'alaya jadduka, va laya ilyayahe gairuk", then "Auzu billahi minashshaitaanir-rajim" and "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim" after reading sura al-Fatiha "Alhamdu lillahi rabbil" alamin. Arrahmanir-rahim. Maaliki Yaumiddin. Iyyakya na "bydy va iyyakya nasta" yn. Ikhdina s-syraatal mustekim. Syraatallyazina an "amta" aleihim gairil magdubi "aleihim valad-daaaalliin. Aamin!" after sura al-Fatiha, we read another short sura or one long verse, for example, sura al-Kyausar "Inna a" taynakya l Kyausar. fasally li rabbika uanhar. inna shani akya huva l-abtar" "Amine" pronounced to oneself) (Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)
After you speak "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"
And again with words "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"(Imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to the second rak'ah. (Fig. 6)
Second rak'ah
speak "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim" then read sura al-Fatiha "Alhamdu lillahi rabbil" alamin. Arrahmanir-rahim. Maaliki Yaumiddin. Iyyakya na "bydy va iyyakya nasta" yn. Ikhdina s-syraatal mustekim. Syraatallyazina an "amta" aleihim gairil magdubi "aleihim valad-daaaalliin. Aamin!" after sura al-Fatiha, we read another short sura or one long verse, for example, sura al-Ikhlas "Kul huva Allahu Ahad. Allahu s-samad. Lam yalid wa lam yuulad. Wa lam yakullahuu kufuvan ahad"(Sura al-Fatiha and a short sura imam, as well as men read aloud, "Amine" pronounced to oneself) (Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar"(imam, as well as men read aloud) and make a hand "(bow from the waist). In the bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah"(imam, as well as men read aloud) after you say "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4)
After you speak "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as men read aloud), perform sazd (prostration). When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose. In bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"(imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to a sitting position after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds (Fig. 5)
And again with words "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as the men read aloud) sink into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After pronounce "Allahu Akbar"(Imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to a sitting position and read the arc Attahiyat "Attahiyaty lillahi vassalavaty watayibat. Anna Muhammadan. Gabdyhu wa rasylyukh ". Then you read Salavat "Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayaita ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innakya Hamidum-Majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim-Majidum-Majid Hamidum "Then read du" and Rabbana "Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhirati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar". (Fig. 5)
Say the greeting: "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah"(the imam, as well as men read aloud) with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left. (Fig. 7)
Raise your hand to make du "a "Allahumma anta-s-salamu wa minka-s-salaam! Tabarakta ya za-l-jalali wa-l-ikram" This completes the prayer.
We continue the story of prayer for beginners. In this article, with the permission of Allah, we will talk about how to perform namaz for a beginner, which violates namaz and answer common questions about namaz
Each prayer consists of a certain amount rak'ats- a set of actions that include reading certain surahs of the Qur'an while standing, making one bow from the waist (ruku) and two bows to the earth (sajda).
morning prayer ( fajr) consists of two rak'ahs,
lunch ( zuhr) - from four,
afternoon ( asr) also from four,
evening prayer maghrib- from three,
and night prayer isha- from four.
However, in addition to the obligatory part (fard), each prayer includes a certain number of desirable prayers (sunnat), which are not obligatory, however, a reward is also promised for their fulfillment. Beginners, of course, should first accustom themselves to regularly performing the obligatory part of the five prayers, but then they should try to perform Sunnat prayers, in addition to the main ones.
Also, scientists of the Hanafi madhhab consider it obligatory ( wajib) performing namaz vitre, consisting of three rak'ahs which is performed after the night prayer of Isha.
After you have performed ablution and closed the ‘awrah, stand on a prayer rug (if you don’t have one yet, you can use a clean towel or sheet for this purpose), facing the qibla, and express your intention in your heart ( niyat) to pray. During the intention, you need to name the prayer that you are going to perform (mandatory or desirable and its name is fajr, zuhr, asr).
Intention is pronounced mentally, in the following words: “I intend to perform for the sake of Allah the fard (obligatory part) of this morning(For example) fajr prayer(or name the prayer you are going to perform).
Note: the intention to perform prayer must be pronounced mentally, but the introductory takbir, the suras of the Koran and the necessary duas are said aloud(not necessarily loud, you can whisper, but so that you can hear yourself, moving your lips and tongue).
1. After expressing your intention, raise your hands with your palms out to your shoulders and say (out loud!) The phrase “Allahu Akbar!” (this is the so-called introductory takbir) (as shown in the picture). While raising your hands, make sure that your sleeves do not fall and the awrah does not open - this can spoil your prayer!
2. Then fold your hands on your chest (right over left) and read Surah Al-Fatiha
Sura "Fatiha" (Opening)(approximate transliteration and translation):
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
[Bismillahi r-rahmani r-rahim]
In the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful
الحمد لله رب العالمين
[Al-hamdu lillahirabbil-alamin]
Glory to Allah, Lord of all the worlds
الرحمن الرحيم
[ar-rahmanir-rahim]
Gracious, Merciful
مالك يوم الدين
[maliki yaumid-din]
Ruler of Doomsday
إياك نعبد
[iyakya nabudu]
You alone we worship
و إياك نستعين
[wa iyyakya nastayyin]
and to You alone we cry for help
اهدنى الصراط المستقيم
[ihdinas-syratal-mustakyim]
Lead us to the right path
صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم
[sypatallazina an'amta aleihim]
the path of those whom You have bestowed with Your blessings
غير المغضوب عليهم
[Gairil-Magdubi Aleihim]
those who have not incurred Your disgrace
و لا الضآلين
[wa lad-dooollin (Amin)]
and those who did not fall into error. (Amen)
(as mentioned above, for the first time you can limit yourself to saying the phrases “Bismillah”, Alhamdulillah”, “La ilaha illallah”).
During the recitation of the suras, the gaze is turned to the supposed place of the prostration.
3. With the pronunciation of the words "Allahu Akbar" make a bow - hand '. Women bow not as deeply as men. The gaze is turned to the toes; the hands lie on the knees, not clasping them.
4. After making the ruku, straighten up again to a standing position.
5. With the words "Allahu Akbar" make a prostration (sajda). To perform it, they first kneel down, then lean on their hands and then touch the ground with their nose and forehead. The toes (at least two fingers) should rest on the ground, the elbows touch the floor and press against the body, the stomach is pressed against the hips.
6. With the words "Allahu Akbar" rise to a sitting position for a short period of time, which is sufficient to pronounce the phrase "Subhanallah". Then again say "Allahu Akbar" and make a second prostration.
Here the first rak'ah of prayer ends.
7. With the words "Allahu Akbar", rise to a vertical position for the second rak'ah of prayer and fold your arms over your chest, as described above.
2nd rak'ah:
8. First, as in the first rak'ah, read Sura Al-Fatiha (or say the words of dhikr - the remembrance of Allah). Usually, some short sura is also pronounced in the second rak'ah, but a beginner can limit himself to only one Al-Fatih sura. Then they perform ruku' and sajda as described above.
9. After making two earthly prostrations, sit on your feet (as shown in the picture), hands lie on your knees, both legs are shifted to the right side. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor. In this position, the dua Attahiyyat is pronounced.
Approximate transliteration and translation:
التحيات لله و الصلوات و الطيبات
[At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salyawatu wat-tayyibat]
Greetings to Allah, prayers and good deeds.
السلام عليك أيها النبي و رحمة الله و بركاته
[As-salamu alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakyatuh]
Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings.
السلام علينا و على عباد الله الصالحين
[As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala ibadillahis-salihin]
Peace be upon us and the true servants of Allah.
أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله و أشهد أن محمدا عبده و رسوله
[Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna muhammadan abduhu wa rasulyuh]
I bear witness that there is no god but Allah
and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
Attention! While pronouncing the words “la illaha”, you need to raise the index finger of your right hand, and lower it while pronouncing the words “illa Allah”.
11. If you perform the morning prayer (fajr) after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat, a greeting (taslim) is pronounced at the end of the prayer. With the words "Assalamu alaikum var rahmatullah" turn your head towards the right shoulder, and then - with the same words - towards the left.
If a you perform a prayer consisting of more than two rak'ahs, then after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat (without saying the greeting of the end of the prayer!) You need to rise to a standing position and perform one more (if you perform Maghrib prayer) or two more rak'ahs (if you perform prayers Zuhr, Asr, Isha). After the last (third or fourth rak'ah) is completed, sit down again and say the At-Tahiyat dua again, then say the greeting "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah!" Turning your head first to the right shoulder, then to the left.
After performing prayer, you can turn to Allah with your personal requests (in any language, not necessarily in Arabic).
Note:
In the third and fourth rak'ahs of the obligatory prayer, after reading the Fatih sura, it is not necessary to read the second sura. If you perform a sunnat prayer consisting of four rak'ahs, then the second sura in the third and fourth rak'ahs is pronounced.
Prayer Witr
As mentioned above, Hanafi scholars consider it obligatory to perform Witr prayer: a prayer performed after the night prayer of Isha and before the time of Fajr prayer. Namaz witr consists of three rak'ahs. Before committing it, the intention is pronounced something like this: “I intend to pray witr for the sake of Allah”- it is not indicated whether this is Sunnat or fard prayer, since there is disagreement among scientists on this issue. In the third rak'ah of this prayer, after reading Surah Al-Fatiha, you need to read a short surah, then saying "Allahu Akbar", raise your hands in the same way as for the introductory takbir, then fold them on your chest and say dua Kunut:
Approximate transliteration:
“Allaahumma inna nasta‘iinuka wa nastahdiika va nastagfiruk, wa natuubu ilaik, va nu’minu bikya va natavakkalyu ‘alayk, wa nusnii ‘alaykal-haira kullahu, wa nashkuruka wa laya nakfuruk, wa nahl‘u wa natruku man yafjuruk. Allahumma iyakya na’budu wa lakya nusalli wa nasjudu, wa ilyaykya nas’a va nakhfid, va narjuu rahmatakya va nakhshaa ‘azaabak, inna ‘azaabakya bil-kuffaari mulhik.
“O Allah! We appeal to Your help, we ask you to lead us on the right path, we ask You for forgiveness and repent. We believe and rely on You. We praise You in the best way. We thank you and do not deny. We reject and leave (leave) all those who commit lawlessness. Oh my God! We worship You alone, we pray, and before You we make prostrations. We strive for You and we go. We hope for Your mercy and we fear Your punishment. Verily, Your punishment befalls the godless!”
If a person has not yet learned dua Qunoot, you can say this dua:
“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan, va fil-aakhyrati hasanatan va kynaa ‘azaaban-naar.”
“Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torment of Hell.
What actions violate prayer
1. During prayer, you can’t talk, laugh - moreover, loud laughter (that people standing nearby can hear it) - violates not only prayer, but also ablution. However, a smile (without a sound) does not violate prayer.
2. You can not make any sounds or sigh. Sneezing or coughing does not break prayer.
3. You can not cry for worldly reasons (crying out of fear of Allah is allowed).
4. You can not perform multiple small actions without need (straighten clothes, itch). Small actions done for a good reason are forgiven, but care must be taken to reduce their number to a minimum.
Extra actions are defined, according to the strongest opinion, as actions which, if seen from a distance by an observer who does not know that you are praying, would completely convince him that you are NOT praying. If you have doubts, then this is not an extra act - and it does not violate prayer. Usually three continuous big acts are considered superfluous (based on Ibn Abidin's Radd al-Mukhtar).
5. A man and a woman should not pray while standing in the same row (there must be some distance or barrier).
Frequently Asked Questions about Prayer:
Is it possible to pray on a piece of paper or a book? Beginners often perform namaz by looking at a book or piece of paper with a hint. This should be avoided, because in this case it will turn out that you perform many unnecessary actions that make your prayer invalid.
Is it permissible to pray during haida or nifaas? - Not, a woman does not pray during menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas). If she still prays at this time, she falls into sin. For the validity of worship, it is very important to learn how to correctly determine the beginning and end of the haid - because if you start praying before your periods are over, such prayers will not be valid, and vice versa, if you do not pray when your periods have already ended, it will turn out that you miss prayers without a good reason. In both cases, you will have to make up for missed prayers later. You can read about Hyde here. Prayers missed at this time (haida and nifasa) do not need to be made up.
Do I need to make up for missed prayers?- Missed prayers - for any reason (except those that were missed due to menstruation and postpartum bleeding) - must be made up! So if you overslept the morning prayer or were unable to pray at work or school, you must definitely make up for these prayers later.
If a person began to pray not with the onset of adulthood(in particular, a woman - not from the moment when her period began), but at a more mature age, is it necessary to make up for these prayers? - Yes, such prayers must be filled.
How to pray at work or school?—People often say that they are unable to pray at work or at an educational institution. These reasons are not considered valid - you should make every effort to find a time and place for prayer.
What if my parents do not allow me to pray?- If direct violence is not used against you (for example, you are not threatened to be killed or seriously maimed - and you must be sure that the threat will really be carried out!), And this is unlikely in the case of loved ones, you should start praying, despite their discontent. Your loved ones are not at home all day, they do not follow your every move - so choose a time when you are not being noticed, find a secluded place in the house and pray. Be patient and firm in your decision - inshaAllah, over time, your relatives will come to terms with your choice and will even respect you for your strength of character.
Is it possible for women to read namaz by a separate women's jamaat(not after a male imam, but to choose some knowledgeable sister and pray after her). Hanafi scholars consider such an action to be makruh tahrimi (close to forbidden), so one should refrain from it (although the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab allow this).
Women sometimes ask: is it possible to pray with a child in her arms or what to do if, during prayer, the child climbs on the back or on the mother’s arms (or touches her): In this article, you can read a detailed explanation of this issue “Prayer with a child in her arms”
Muslima (Anya) Kobulova
Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website
(Persian نماز) or salat (Arabic صلاة) is a canonical prayer, one of the five pillars of Islam. The prayers of the first Muslims consisted in the joint loud pronunciation of the formulas of monotheism and the exaltation of Allah. There are no clear instructions for prayers in the Qur'an, although there are many indications of such particulars as the time of prayers, prayer formulas, some movements, etc. The entire order of prayer was formed as an imitation of the prayer postures and movements of the Prophet Muhammad and was fixed by the memory of the first Muslims. The uniformity of prayer was practiced for almost a century and a half and was recorded in writing by the Hanafi jurist Muhammad al-Shaibani (d. 805).
1. Standing, express your sincere intention (niyat) to commit prayer:
"I intend for the sake of Allah to make a fard* of this morning prayer a".
Important Notes:
* Fard is obligatory in Islam. Failure to perform fard is considered a sin.
In this case, we give a simplified example of making a morning prayer a, in which there are 2 rak'ahs (cycles of body movements).
Remember that every prayer includes a certain number of sunnah (desirable) and fard (obligatory) rak'ats.
Morning - 2 sunnahs, 2 fards
Daily - 4 sunnahs, 4 fards, 2 sunnahs
Afternoon - 4 fards
Evening - 3 fards, 2 sunnas
Night - 4 fards, 2 sunnas
2. Raise both hands so that the tips of the fingers are at shoulder level, the palms are facing the Qibla, and say the takbir iftitah (initial takbir): "Allahu akbar."
Takbir. The gaze is turned to the place of soot (the place that is touched with the head when bowing to the ground). Hands are located on the chest, fingertips are at shoulder level, but not higher. The feet are parallel to each other. There are four fingers between them.
3. Then fold your arms across your chest, placing your right hand over your left, and read:
"Sura Fatiha"
"Auzu billahi minashshaitaani r-rajim
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdi lillahi rabbil 'alamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya na´budy va iyyakya nasta´in
Ihdina s-syraatal mystakym
Syraatallyazina an'amta aleihim
Gairil Magdubi Aleihim Valad-doolliin…"
Aamin! .. (Pronounced silently)
But for you, as a beginner who performs his first prayers in his life, you can limit yourself to reading Surah Fatiha.
Qiyam. The gaze is turned to the place of soot. Hands are folded on the chest, the right hand on the left (the wrist is not clasped). The feet are parallel to each other. There are four fingers between them.
4. Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand "(bow from the waist).
Hand". The gaze is turned to the tips of the toes. The bow is not as deep as in men: the head is higher than the back. The hands with closed fingers lie freely, not clasping the knees.
5. After the arm, straighten the body to a vertical position.
6. With the words "Allahu Akbar" perform prostration (soot). During soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that touch the soot with your forehead and nose.
Soot. The head is between the arms. Forehead and nose touch the floor. The fingers are directed towards the Qibla, the toes do not bend towards the Qibla. The elbows touch the floor and are pressed to the body, touching the hips. The abdomen is pressed against the thighs.
7. After that, with the words "Allahu Akbar", rise from soot to a sitting position
8. After sustaining a pause in this position, sufficient for pronouncing "Subhanallah", with the words "Allahu Akbar" again sink into soot.
Soot. Head between hands. Forehead and nose touch the floor. The fingers are directed towards the Qibla, the toes do not bend towards the Qibla. The elbows touch the floor and are pressed to the body, touching the hips. The abdomen is pressed against the thighs.
9. Then, with the words "Allahu Akbar", stand up to perform the second cancer "ata. Hands folded on the chest.
II rak'ah
First, as in the first rak'at, read the Fatiha surah, an additional surah, for example, Ikhlas (although for beginners you can limit yourself to reading the Fatiha surah - see above), do the hand and soot.
10. After the second soot of the second rak'at, sit on your feet and read the prayer (du'a) "Attahiyat":
"Attahiyaty lillaahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu
Assalamu aleyke ayuhannabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa baraka'atyh
Assalamu aleyna wa 'ala 'ibidillahi s-salihiin
Ashhady alla illaha illallah
Wa ashhady anna Muhammadan ´abduhu wa rasylyukh"
Attention! During the pronunciation of the words "la illaha", the index finger of the right hand rises, and on "illa llahu" it falls.
Ka´da (sitting). The gaze is on the knees. Hands lie on your knees, fingers - in a free position. Both legs are slightly shifted to the right. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor.
11. Say the greeting: "Assalamu" alaikum wa rahmatullah "with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left.
Salam (greeting) to the right side. Hands lie on your knees, fingers - in a free position. Both legs are shifted to the right. The head is turned to the right, looking at the shoulder.
Salam to the left side. Hands lie on your knees, fingers - in a free position. Both legs are shifted to the right. The head is turned to the left, the gaze is on the shoulder.
12. In conclusion, you can turn to the Almighty Creator with your / personal / du´a (requests).
Du'a. Hands are connected and raised, fingertips are at shoulder level. The palms are open and placed at an angle (approximately 45°) to the face. The thumbs are laid aside.
By this principle, you can perform other prayers as well, until you learn additional suras (verses) and du'a (prayers). Nevertheless, we consider it important to warn you, do not delay the performance of full prayers, because the reward received from the Almighty for their performance is much higher than the reward for a shortened prayer.
Namaz for women: Morning prayer (fajr) - 2 rak'ahs sunnat
Namaz for women: Morning prayer (fajr) - 2 rak'ah fard
Namaz for women: Daily prayer (zuhr) - 4 rak'ahs
It starts from the moment the dawn appears and lasts until the beginning of the sunrise. Morning prayer consists of four rak'ahs, two of which are sunnah and two are fard. First, 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed, then 2 rak'ahs of the fard.
Sunnah of Morning Prayer
First rak'ah
"I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah of the morning (Fajr or Subh) prayer". (Fig. 1)
Raise both hands, fingers spread, palms facing Qibla, to ear level, thumbs touching earlobes (women raise their hands at chest level) and say "Allahu Akbar"
, then and (Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim" "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" after you speak "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4) 
After you speak "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya" "Allahu Akbar"
And again with words "Allahu Akbar" sink into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar" rise from soot to the second rak'ah. (Fig. 6) 
Second rak'ah
speak "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim"(Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand "(bow from the waist). In the bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" after you speak "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4) After you speak "Allahu Akbar", perform soot (bow to the earth). When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose. In bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar" rise from soot to a sitting position after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds (Fig. 5)
And again with the words "Allahu Akbar" again sink into soot and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After pronounce "Allahu Akbar" Climb with SASHIT in a sitting position and read the attachis of attachis "Attahiti Lillyakhs vassalatat Vatayibaty. Assalyami aleike Ayuyhananabiyu wa rahmatyllahi ua barakatyh. Assalam aleina wa Gaybadili ilihiin. Ashkhadya illyakh illyakh. Then you read Salavat "Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayaita ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innakya Hamidum-Majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim-Majidum-Majid Hamidum "Then read du" and Rabban. (Fig. 5)
Say a greeting: with a turn of the head, first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left. (Fig. 7) 
This completes the prayer.
Then we read two fard rak'ats. Fard of morning prayer. In principle, fard and sunnah prayers are no different from each other, only the intention that you perform fard prayers for men also changes, as well as those who have become imams in prayer need to read suras and takbirs aloud "Allahu Akbar".
Fard of Morning Prayer
The fard of morning prayer, in principle, is no different from the sunnah of prayer, only the intention that you perform fard prayer for men, as well as those who have become an imam in prayer, you need to read surah al-Fatiha and a short surah, takbirs "Allahu Akbar", some dhikrs out loud.
First rak'ah
Standing, make the intention (niyat) to perform prayer: "I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak'ahs of the morning (Fajr or Subh) fard prayer". (fig. 1) Raise both hands, spreading your fingers, palms towards the Qibla, to the level of your ears, touching your earlobes with your thumbs (women raise their hands at chest level) and say "Allahu Akbar", then place the right hand with the palm on the left hand, clasping the little finger and thumb of the right hand around the wrist of the left hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel (women put their hands at chest level). (Fig. 2) Standing in this position, read du'a Sana "Subhaanakya allahumma va bihamdika, va tabaarakyasmuka, va ta'alaya jadduka, va laya ilyayahe gairuk", then "Auzu billahi minashshaitaanir-rajim" and "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim" after reading sura al-Fatiha "Alhamdu lillahi rabbil" alamin. Arrahmanir-rahim. Maaliki Yaumiddin. Iyyakya na "bydy va iyyakya nasta" yn. Ikhdina s-syraatal mustekim. Syraatallyazina an "amta" aleihim gairil magdubi "aleihim valad-daaaalliin. Aamin!" after sura al-Fatiha, we read another short sura or one long verse, for example, sura al-Kyausar "Inna a" taynakya l Kyausar. fasally li rabbika uanhar. inna shani akya huva l-abtar" "Amine" pronounced to oneself) (Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah" "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4) After you speak "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"
And again with words "Allahu Akbar" "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"(Imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to the second rak'ah. (Fig. 6)
Second rak'ah
speak "Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim" then read sura al-Fatiha "Alhamdu lillahi rabbil" alamin. Arrahmanir-rahim. Maaliki Yaumiddin. Iyyakya na "bydy va iyyakya nasta" yn. Ikhdina s-syraatal mustekim. Syraatallyazina an "amta" aleihim gairil magdubi "aleihim valad-daaaalliin. Aamin!" after sura al-Fatiha, we read another short sura or one long verse, for example, sura al-Ikhlas "Kul huva Allahu Ahad. Allahu s-samad. Lam yalid wa lam yuulad. Wa lam yakullahuu kufuvan ahad"(Sura al-Fatiha and a short sura imam, as well as men read aloud, "Amine" pronounced to oneself) (Fig. 3)
Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar"(imam, as well as men read aloud) and make a hand "(bow from the waist). In the bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-"azim"- 3 times. After the hand, straighten the body to a vertical position, saying: "Samigallahu-limyan-hamidah"(imam, as well as men read aloud) after you say "Rabbana wa lakal hamd"(Fig. 4) After you speak "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as men read aloud), perform sazd (prostration). When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands, and only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose. In bow, say: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After that with the words "Allahu Akbar"(imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to a sitting position after pausing in this position for 2-3 seconds (Fig. 5) And again with words "Allahu Akbar"(the imam, as well as the men read aloud) sink into soot again and say again: "Subhana-Rabbiyal-Aglya"- 3 times. After pronounce "Allahu Akbar"(Imam, as well as men read aloud) rise from soot to a sitting position and read the arc Attahiyat "Attahiyaty lillahi vassalavaty watayibat. Anna Muhammadan. Gabdyhu wa rasylyukh ". Then you read Salavat "Allahuma sally ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayaita ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innakya Hamidum-Majid. Allahuma, barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim-Majidum-Majid Hamidum "Then read du" and Rabbana "Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhirati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar". (Fig. 5)
Say the greeting: "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah"(the imam, as well as men read aloud) with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left. (Fig. 7)
Raise your hand to make du "a "Allahumma anta-s-salamu wa minka-s-salaam! Tabarakta ya za-l-jalali wa-l-ikram" This completes the prayer.