How many tanks t 14 weapons. Russia has just announced how many deadly Armata tanks it will build. Dynamic protection system of the tank "Armata"

21.09.2019

Tank on the universal platform "Armata"

Tank T-14 on the universal platform "Armata" has already passed through Red Square, but still remains a mystery. The characteristics of the tank are known fragmentarily, but even according to these data it can be argued that a new word in tank building in the world sense.

Main predicted performance data of the T-14 Armata tank:

The total maximum weight is 48 tons.
Crew members - 3 people.
Gun ammunition - 48 pcs.
Combat rate of fire - 12 high / min.
Engine power - 1200-1500 hp
Travel speed up to 90 km/h
Power reserve - over 500 km
Target detection range - 5 km
Target range - 8 km
The time required to replace the engine is 0.5 hour.

The main feature of the T-14 tank is an uninhabited turret. The crew can control the weapon remotely, being in an isolated armored capsule that protects people in case of a hit. However, knocking out "Armata", according to experts, will be very, very difficult.

The tank is equipped with the most modern electronic equipment, including a unique radar station that can simultaneously control up to 40 ground and 25 air targets within a radius of 100 kilometers. System active protection tracks the shells fired at the tank and is able to intercept them on the approach. At field tests, this system has already proven itself to be a solid five - it was not possible to hit the tank.

There are also innovations in the armor of the Armata tank - it was developed using a new grade of steel, ceramic and composite layers. Such a puff "pie" is able to withstand the hit of any of the existing and even promising warheads. An additional plus is that this armor can be used in the most difficult climatic conditions.

According to preliminary estimates, the military-technical level of the T-14 tank is almost four times higher than that of the T-72B, and its tactical effectiveness is 25-30% superior to foreign competitors. All information about the combat situation is sent to the crew on monitors in a protected capsule from laser, television and thermal imaging sensors, and a panoramic view allows the commander and gunner to see the battlefield in 360 degrees. In addition, "Armata" can exchange data with other tanks and the command post. All this greatly improves the coordination of actions and reduces the time required to search for and destroy the target.

Video of how the "Armata" fires: shooting from the fighting compartment:

Planned TTX T-14

The main armament of the T-14 should be a 125-mm 2A82 smoothbore gun with various types of ammunition. As additional weapons, a modernized Kalashnikov machine gun of 7.62 caliber and a robotic heavy machine gun"Kord", but the modularity laid down in the basis of the tank will make it possible to flexibly change weapons and additional equipment depending on the tasks being solved.

Armor

In the production of the tank, a new lightweight armor steel of the 44S-sv-Sh grade will be used. The use of this steel grade will reduce the weight of the machine by several hundred kilograms.

The hardness of the steel is at least 54HRC, but so far its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels with a hardness of 45-48HRC. This combination allows to reduce the thickness and weight of the armor by 15% without compromising the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.

Engine

As power plant for Almaty, a turbo piston four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and air intercooling, the A-85-3A engine (alternative designations 2A12-3, 12ChN15 / 16 and 12N360) with a motor resource of at least 2000 hours with a rated power of 1500 hp But it is assumed that in order to increase the motor resource, the power will be reduced to 1200 hp. The 12N360 engine passed the entire range of life and sea trials in 2011.

The mass of the unit is about 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3.

Production and operation

It is planned that on May 9, 2015, 12 new Armata tanks will leave the pavement of Red Square for the Parade in honor of the 70th anniversary of Victory Day, which will then go for testing to military units. Mass production The T-14 is scheduled to launch in 2016.

The first photos of the "live" tank Armata appeared on the network

Comparison of T-14 projections with the T-90 tank

Comparison of T-14 projections with the Abrams tank

After the first appearance of the Armata on the streets of Moscow, the tank was rated very highly, but the first claims appeared:

1. There is no dynamic protection on the hatches and one of the hatches opens to the side in such a way that it can interfere with the rotation of the gun.

2. KAZ does not have the ability to provide protection against ammunition attacking from above and the tank is defenseless against American Javelins and other ammunition according to the "shock core" scheme. In the projection "from above" the RPG-7 of the 60s also becomes dangerous.

3. There is no machine gun coaxial with the cannon, which is considered quite strange.

4. When hitting the lower part of the barrel and turret, the projectile can cause damage to the crew, because. no decent horizontal armor was seen in this zone.

Tanks were the mainstay of World War II. In almost all states of the world, the dominant doctrine, at present, is the conduct of network-centric warfare. That is, achieving superiority over the enemy due to greater information content and communication, as well as the speed of making tactical decisions in a single center and prompt receipt of orders by units. This concept is contradicted by several others, for example, there is the doctrine of point-strategic suppression, that is, finding weaknesses in the enemy, issuing orders to the unit and to carry out a combat mission. They intersect in many ways and complement each other, but they are incompatible on one issue - the tactics and strategy of using tank formations. In the first concept, tanks are taken into account, but not in the second.

The fact that the “breakthrough” was made in Russian Federation, whose armed forces are already beginning to adopt the Russian T-14 Armata tank, which fits perfectly into the doctrine of network-centric warfare.

History of creation and prospects for application

At the beginning of this decade, non-public information appeared about the appearance in Russia of a long-developed new generation tank. Only those who were interested noticed it. Therefore, the passage on 05/09/2015 through Red Square became a presentation of the Armata tank, produced in small quantities (up to 15 copies) as part of a pre-production "package".

For a long time, the secrecy stamp will not be removed from the Russian program "combat systems of the future" and the reasons why this particular tank was chosen. The only open information is the refusal to produce the main tank of the fourth generation T-95.

By the way, at the development stage, the Armata tank received the name - "Object 148", and the number 14 in the final name was received by him according to the year of the project - 2014.

Perhaps the medium tank "Armata", whose mass is about 50 tons, was chosen as the main one, as it is multifunctional and designed to work as part of a group as a "leader". It perfectly copes with the functions of a remote reconnaissance, target designator and fire spotter.

To do this, he has two detection systems (surveillance radar with a range of one hundred kilometers and equipment operating in different "light" ranges), as well as a Pterodactyl drone with an unlimited duration, as it receives energy from the T-14 Armata » via a special wire.

Having received operational data, "Pterodactyl" can transfer them to anyone (in the usual format and / or video image) who needs it, including its escort:

heavy BMP T-15;
attack helicopters;
complexes of the Pantsir-C1 type;
other equipment included in the group.

By the way, the T14 Armata in the same format can receive data from its tactical group, command, other similar groups, as well as aircraft, helicopters and unmanned vehicles.

Universal platform, power plant and suspension

The fourth generation T-14 "Armata" is being developed in accordance with the network-centric concept, according to which it must have at least:

NeoBash with automatic charging and recharging;
an isolated armored capsule for the crew;
part of the fully automated functions (partially robotic tank).

By the way, the fifth generation will in fact be a tank without a crew, that is, completely robotic.

The platform of the tank "Armata" is made by "Uralvagonzavod" unified. Being a heavy tracked vehicle, it is suitable for turning the T-14 Armata itself, for example, into something close to self-propelled guns - combat artillery vehicle. It will also be suitable for the production of several dozen types of other military equipment, among which cars will also be produced. At the same time, many sections and even blocks installed on the armature (communication, control, active protection, and so on) can be placed on this equipment.

The universal combat platform makes it possible to implement new tactical concepts and actions of the T-14 Armata.

The T-14 is equipped with a common engine for the Armata universal platform with the following performance characteristics (hereinafter referred to as TTX):

No. p / p	Engine performance	Numerical parameters of the engine
1	Twelve-cylinder, diesel, turbocharged	X-shaped
2	Power (maximum 1)	1200 l/s
3	Power (maximum 2)	1500 l/s
4	Speed (maximum)	90 km/h
5	Travel range (without refueling)	500 km.
6	Time to replace the engine	30 minutes
7	Weight (mass) (including additional "body kit" for combat in urban environments)	Up to 55 tons

On the universal platform, the engine can be installed in three places (front, rear and middle.). On the T-14 "Armata" it is customary to place the engine at the back, and, for example, on its combat "girlfriend" BMP T-15, which should always be nearby - in front.

Active suspension and BIUS

Active suspension, through automatic suspension of the T-14 "Armata", gives him the opportunity to slightly reduce the speed of movement off-road. By reducing the pitching amplitude, the accuracy of the shot improves by a factor of 2, which is not small in real combat conditions. Provided that the speed of the T14 tank at this moment will be no more than 30 km / h. The gearbox is semi-automatic, with 16 gears (half to move forward and the same number to go back).

The brain, the main element of its automated system "digital board", is its information and control system (hereinafter referred to as the CICS). It manages almost everything until the commander or another member of the crew (there are three tankers in the Armata Tank) takes control of this equipment.

The CICS device controls the engine and suspension, active protection and search for targets, constantly performs diagnostics, informing the crew about its results if necessary, and even giving them voice commands. Add to him artificial intelligence and ready fighting machine fifth generation.

Protection complexes and armor

The main thing is the armor. Its role increases even more with the growth of the cost of production and operation. modern tank. The prototypes of the T-14 "Armata" were bought for 0.5 billion rubles. for each instance.

The cost of a series of 100 units for testing, according to the general director of Uralvagonzavod under the contract, is just over 25 billion rubles.

The price per unit will decrease as the supply of T-14 Armata to the Russian troops increases. The plant's capacity allows it to produce at least five hundred cars a year. But even now, in comparison with NATO tanks, the T-14 Armata is the cheapest tank.

Due to the huge cost, it is very important to keep the T-14 Armata in combat. Everything has been done for this - it is difficult to hit the T-14, and even more difficult to break through all its protective layers. Disabling it is one thing, but completely destroying it with the entire crew is another.

The worst thing is if the ammunition is undermined (destruction of tracks, power plant and similar damage is repaired and / or replaced by the corresponding units relatively easily). In this case, special screens are provided that divert the energy of the explosion from the armored capsule with the crew, and he will most likely survive.

Active protection complex (hereinafter referred to as KAZ) "Afghanit"

First, the Armata tank's defenses (a set of numerous radars, direction finders and cameras in the ultraviolet and infrared ranges, with a view of 3600) detect enemy damaging agent Then KAZ "Afganit" automatically turns NeoBash in this direction. This action is for:

Blinding and / or changing the trajectory of guided missiles and missiles by disorienting their curtains, fired by heat traps, as well as means that disable electronics and their other “stuffing” (except mechanical), including laser guidance.
Destruction and / or interception of the impact core of a rocket (projectile) within a radius of twenty meters by appropriate means of active protection, including automated mortars installed under NeoBash (the main defeat is fragmentation), and an automatic machine gun on the turret itself.
Projectile encounters if it is not destroyed before contact with the armor of the Armata tank, its frontal armor, which has the greatest protection (the thickness of the armor is equivalent to more than one meter of reference armor).
Strike back against an attacking enemy.

Infrared cameras allow KAZ:

perform their functions when the radar is disabled or turned off, as well as in the conditions of the use of electronic suppression by the enemy.
control and suppress the possibility of false alarms of the radar.
to solve a very complex technical problem, revealing the irradiation of the T14 "Armata" with a laser.

Cellular protection, dynamic protection complex (hereinafter referred to as KDZ) "Malachite"

The second level of protection of the tank "Armata" - KDZ "Malachite". Dynamic protection consists of three blocks, made up of containers with special filling, the cells of different sizes of which can be filled again after use. In automatic mode, an updated version of the Malachite KDZ is involved in the active defense of the Armata tank.

Inductive current sensors react to the magnetic field of a damaging enemy weapon, "throwing out" a special damaging cell cover towards it with an explosion. If this did not help or a “tandem” projectile was used, it is met by a special filling of the dynamic protection cell, which practically “grinds” the enemy ammunition, and scatters the cumulative jet.

KDZ "Malachite" allows mounting additional blocks of dynamic protection on the front of the T-14 "Armata". They close the NeoBash from above and the hull on the sides by about 2/3, with a tank length of 10.5 meters, and a height and width of 3 and 4 meters, respectively.

The blocks are filled with cells in several layers, and in different places a different number of layers of cells, and inside they are painted with the thinnest layer of a special coating.

Due to this, in comparison with the 3rd generation of tanks, the Malachite should better "cope" with American and NATO feathered sub-caliber shells and heavy missiles.

The complex is safe for infantry if, following the requirements of the Charter, it moves behind the T-14 Armata tank (without armor cover) at a distance of more than 50 meters. Active defense is focused on disabling missiles more with "anti-electronic" means and the use of various "curtains", and grenade fragments - only within 20 meters from the T14 "Armata".

Reservation of the tower, hull and compartments

Third and The Last Frontier defense - the own armor of the T-14 Armata tank is improved (by at least 10-15%%) compared to tanks of the 3rd generation. In places it is reinforced with armored partitions inside the hull. The armor was specially created for the maximum withdrawal of guided and unguided missiles from an axial strike into the plane of the armor.

Their penetration does not currently exceed 700 mm in armor equivalent, while the armor of the T-14 "Armata" hull is close to 1 meter of homogeneous metal armor (expert assessment, the data is naturally classified), and NeoBash is significantly higher.

Ceramic inserts in the armor, when destroyed, absorb almost the entire kinetic force of the ammunition and shift the axis of its momentum.

The crew of three is located in front of the T-14 Armata hull in a well-armored and insulated tank compartment - an armored capsule. It is believed that it will not only withstand the impact of any type of ammunition, but will protect the crew from the explosion of the ammunition and from the impact damaging factors nuclear explosion(except for hitting its epicenter).

Whether this is true or a “sweet” lie will be shown by the ongoing “field” tests and maneuvers close to combat conditions after the start of delivery of at least several hundred T14 tanks to the Russian troops. Participation in any local conflict such as a “civil war” in Syria can be a good test for them.

In addition to the semi-automated electronic and mechanical equipment necessary for the T-14 "Armata" to perform its functions, the armored capsule has air conditioning and several all-round screens that provide a high-resolution "picture", regardless of the weather and time of day. It is alleged that in the armored capsule is freer than in modern car brand "Mercedes-Benz", only the design is poorer.

Armored screens located above the tracks cover the dynamic protection of seven blocks for about 2/3 of the length of the tank, and the stern of the NeoBash and the hull are covered with lattice screens. All this additional protection weighs just over one ton, which is only 2% and practically does not reduce the maneuverability of the Armata tank. For greater invulnerability during combat in urban conditions, dynamic "armor" in a soft package is hung on top of the side armor plates, as well as on the back and side of the NeoBash.

Bottom part T-14 "Armata" is well protected by armor. Also, in order to disperse the shock impulse of anti-tank mines, it has a V-shape. In addition, it is equipped with a unique system for determining the location of mines with magnetic fuses and their remote detonation due to magnetic field distortion. So from below, the danger of the T-14 "Armata" does not seem to threaten. But in the design of the crew seats, elements were introduced that partially absorb, as well as divert to the side most of the energy of the explosion.

Fuel compartment protection

Fuel tanks are made non-removable for the first time. They are located on the sides of the T-14 "Armata" and in the center of the hull in front of the engine. They are protected from fire by a special filler, and from the ingress of enemy ammunition, in addition to the protection described above, an additional anti-cumulative screen.

It is separated from the engine compartment and the compartment with “shots” by an armored partition, which rather gives additional protection to these compartments of the hull, and from the compartment with the crew, respectively, by the armor of the “capsule” of the crew.

When viewed from the inside, the body of the T-14 "Armata" is divided into four parts in the middle of which is the fuel compartment, bordering the engine compartment, the crew's armored capsule, and also skirting the ammunition compartment on the sides. It is believed that such an arrangement, at least a little, but will reduce the impact on the crew and engine when the ammunition is detonated, which is up to 45 shots.

The total capacity of the fuel system is 2 tons (with additional tanks). About half of the fuel is inside the hull, and the rest is located outside the hull on its sides on the fenders. In all compartments of the T-14 "Armata" there are fire extinguishers automatically triggered when an open fire appears and the temperature corresponding to this.

Applied stealth developments

In order to make the Armata tank as inconspicuous as possible for the means of detecting the enemy, a lot of developments in the line of stealth technology have been applied. At present, the strength of the Russian army lies not so much in firepower as in the difficulty of detecting its combat vehicles by the enemy, which significantly increases their survivability.

For this there is:

Flat reflective edges of the hull with a unique coating, which not only hides the Armata tank in a wide range of radio waves, but also prevents it from getting a solar "stroke".
The thermal insulation of the hull and heat traps make it difficult to search for the T-14 "Armata" in the infrared wave range and radically change its appearance if it is "illuminated".
A light casing on the turret that reduces visibility and distorts enemy radar data.
Equipment for distorting the magnetic field around the T14 "Armata", which interferes with determining its exact location if the enemy has a magnetometric weapon.
"Mixer" exhaust gases with external environment, as well as imitation of non-existent exhaust pipes, to disorient weapons and detection tools operating in the thermal range.

Detection complexes (hereinafter referred to as KO)

The most important function T-14 "Armata" is to establish the location of enemy forces both on the near "approaches" within a radius of 10 km, and on distant ones - up to 100 kilometers. To do this, it is equipped with a 4-section aerotype radar and cameras synchronized with it, operating in other ranges.

A phased array radar can detect and “guide” up to 40 land and 25 air targets. If the target is carefully camouflaged, then human intervention is needed to operate the automatic control of the infrared sight. Automation also controls conventional panoramic sights, which are included in the KO, to clarify the correct detection and “guiding” of targets without their “loss” from countering enemy anti-electronic warfare.

The KO panels are covered with light armored screens.

Available optical periscopes are needed for driving, including at night. Headlights also have the possibility of infrared illumination.

T-14 "Jurassic period"

In addition, for the first time in Russia, short-range reconnaissance will be carried out by the Pterodactyl unmanned vehicle launched, but not in free flight, but for the length of the cable shielded from electronic intelligence equipment (up to 100 meters). He constantly transmits a video image to the screen of the commander of the T-14 "Armata", receives energy for work through the same cable.

"Pterodactyl", the visibility horizon of which is 10 km, gives the T-14 "Armata" a unique opportunity to fire from a "closed" position or from a cloud of special suspension masking it. The drone can be in touch and transmit a picture to the entire tactical group, an individual combat vehicle or a support and logistics vehicle. Naturally, all this can be done in relation to your command and / or tactical groups and units operating nearby.

When determining the KO of a target at a distance of up to six kilometers, a deviation of up to 10 m is permissible, and at ten kilometers - 17 m. It is quite enough to hit infantry and lightly armored targets with artillery or tank ammunition. The T-14 "Armata" is also valuable as a spotter, as it clearly fixes the place of the explosion.

In addition, according to the trajectory of the flight of enemy ammunition, KOs can calculate the place from where the shot was fired and even return fire in automatic mode, although it is more efficient to reconnoiter the target. After "capturing" an air target, data can be transmitted to destroy it:

accompanying the BMP T-15, which has a good anti-aircraft gun;
a unit equipped with man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems;
SAM "Pantsir-S1" (he, hitting the target, does not unmask himself using his own means of detection).

Weapon systems

If the Armata defense systems operate in automatic mode and the intervention of the crew is required only in exceptional cases, then the attacking actions of the T-14 itself are carried out in semi-automatic mode, with active use by the commander and gunner sighting devices different type.

In addition to the usual optical sights and rangefinders with a twelvefold increase, to take on the "fly" of enemy equipment and "manpower" modern electronic equipment is used, operating in all available ranges, including laser-type sights. "Capture" of the target by the heat radiated by it occurs if it is not more than 3.5 km to it, and by rangefinders - 7.5 km.

Former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Rogozin, listing the characteristics of the T-14, as if jokingly said that the crews for the Armata tank should be recruited among fans of the World of Tanks online game, since they already have almost all the skills to control the tank. As they say, there is only a fraction of a joke in a joke. Indeed, the control process is similar.

The commander points the cursor at the target, by pressing the button captures it and sends the data to the gunner. He also presses the button - the target is likely to be hit. Moreover, it is possible to note the sequence of hitting several targets. Whether everything will be so simple and whether the tank and its fate in a real battle is so good, time will tell.

gun

Currently NeoBash has a 125mm remote controlled gun. In terms of range, this gun is significantly superior to analogues mounted on NATO tanks. When aiming, even the bend from heating of the chrome-plated and auto-fretted barrel from the inside is taken into account. The corresponding sensor is located on the barrel of the tank and placed in a container.

The new ammunition package, which includes both guided and non-guided missiles launched through the barrel, doubles the power of military equipment equipped with this gun.

In addition, the T14 "Armata" from this weapon now has the ability to shoot down drones and helicopters with air-to-air missiles, and with guided detonation munitions in flight - to hit targets in equipped and natural shelters.

The universal combat platform "Armata" allows the installation of a heavy 152 mm gun on the T-14. Advantage over the currently installed cannon:

This is her power. It is enough for the projectile to hit the enemy tank. Where it doesn’t matter, because if he doesn’t break through the armor, then he will demolish the tower. And for the destruction or serious damage to poorly armored, and even more so unarmored vehicles, it is enough to hit the corresponding ammunition near the target. In this capacity, the T-14 turns into a "fire support" tank.
The final transformation of the Armata tank into a kind of control center of its tactical group, which, in addition to coordinating actions, has a direct fire support, being in positions remote from direct contact with opponents.
The ability to launch long-range anti-aircraft missiles with twice as much power reserve.

Disadvantages over the currently installed gun:

Decreased by 10% of ammunition, by 25% of the automatic loader, therefore, it is necessary to have more vehicles carrying ammunition nearby.
The absence of a "breakthrough tank" of the fourth generation and, consequently, the need to take action in this direction.

TTX guns

№№ p/n	Tool indicators	Gun parameters
1	Service personnel, pers.	1
2	Anti-tank barrel caliber 1, mm.	125
3	Barrel caliber 2, mm.	152
4	(barrel caliber 1), km.	up to 5
5	Target engagement range with a ground-to-ground missile (barrel caliber 1), km.	up to 8
6	Range of hitting a target with a surface-to-air missile (barrel caliber 1), km.	up to 5 km.
7	Projectile hitting range (barrel caliber 2), km.	over 5
8	Target engagement range with a ground-to-ground missile (barrel caliber 2), km.	up to 20
9	Range of hitting a target with a surface-to-air missile (barrel caliber 2), km.	up to 9
10	Armor-piercing of the barrel 1, meters of reference armor	up to 1
11	Armor-piercing of the barrel 2, meters of reference armor	up to 1.4
12	Rate of fire (barrel caliber 1), rds / min	up to 15
13	Rate of fire (barrel caliber 2) rds / min	up to 12
14	Ammunition (barrel caliber 1), rds.	up to 45
15	Automatic loader (barrel caliber 1), rds.	32
16	Ammunition (barrel caliber 2), rds.	up to 40
17	Automatic loader (barrel caliber 2), rds	24

Ammunition

The very idea and practice of launching missiles through the barrel was implemented in third-generation tanks. New in this matter is the controllability and range of missiles. From the above list, it can be seen that the 152 mm cannon "shoots" missiles at significantly greater distances. This also applies to air targets. Unlike a 125 mm cannon, a missile can also shoot down aircraft and missiles flying at speeds up to nine hundred kilometers per hour.

It should be noted that the feathered shells included in the ammunition load in the case of a 152 mm cannon caliber can also be guided. They are clearly preparing for use not against enemy armored vehicles. Their goals are command and control structures, anti-aircraft missile systems and similar "valuable" objects. It is possible that over time, the T-14 "Armata" will be equipped with the "shots" currently being developed, which have a flight range of up to 50 km due to their active-reactive nature.

Western publications admit the possibility of including "nuclear" shells and / or missiles in the ammunition load of the T-14 "Armata" - with a capacity of up to one kiloton.

For the Armata tank, their use is relatively safe at a distance of more than 6 km. Common sense suggests that this kind of munitions (even if they are available) can only be used if a nuclear conflict has already begun, which all countries that have such weapons diligently avoid.

Machine gun armament

Modernized tank machine gun of our genius - Kalashnikov. It was his standard and smallest caliber that was chosen to equip the Russian Armata tank. Of course, it is integrated with all systems, it can work both in automatic mode and under the control of the crew. It is located on NeoBash in an armored hull that increases the height and visibility of the T-14 Armata.

A spare belt for another 1000 rounds is also in a secure location, and loading is automatic. But there is a double impression - either this is a very cunning idea (here is a very noticeable turret, aim at it - it’s not a pity to lose it), or they argued to the point of hoarseness, did not decide anything and left it for later. But something needs to be installed and at the last moment we decided to install this machine gun.

Conclusion

"Armata" is Russian name guns brought to Russia (Moscow, Tver) in 1389 from Europe. In Latin, weapons are arma, but we added a suffix and an ending. All officials in relation to the T-14 "Armata" declare in different terms, but one information. This tank made a "revolutionary" breakthrough and outperforms the tanks of the world's leading military powers by at least 10...40%. The existing backlog will ensure the advantage of Russia for a long time, even considering that Western analogues will soon begin to appear.

In 2018, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation began accepting the first batch of T-14 "Armata" and it is expected that at least a hundred of them will be accepted. In total, by 2021 (for various reasons, the period may be extended until 2025), more than 2,000 such tanks should be put into service (the number may also change).

A strategic task has been set (dates are not indicated or not named) to create an entire “Armata family”, transplanting about 30 combat vehicles, as well as support and support vehicles, onto an appropriate universal platform.

In addition to the roar of fanfare and the flow of praises, controversy “flares up” in interested circles about the directions for improving the T-14 Armata, eliminating obvious shortcomings and shortcomings, as well as understanding critical comments. In the T-14 "Armata" is criticized:

Increase in size, and most importantly height.
Narrow field of view of the commander in the event of a complete or partial failure of the electronics.
Unclear functions of the machine gun, as well as the lack of anti-aircraft weapons in the Armata tank.
Uncomfortable working posture of the crew.

Our designers and production workers are working on a fifth generation tank - fully robotic. And as a first step in this direction, it is planned to reduce the crew of the T-14 "Armata" to two people, and allocate the vacated space to increase the ammunition load. Whether this is right or not, time will tell. Perhaps the freed up space will be reserved for new "brains", there are never many of them.

Video

Background

The development of a new (third post-war) generation tank began in the USSR a little later than the creation of the new main tank T-64A in the 70s. Leningrad, Chelyabinsk and, later, Kharkov designers participated in the work called "Theme 101".

A number of projects were implemented, both with traditional and new layouts, most of which remained on the drawings or in the form of layouts.

Tanks with traditional solutions, such as "" and "" did not give a significant advantage over the upgraded versions of the T-64A, T-72 and the tank with a gas turbine engine. Tanks with a new layout () required a long search for both layout solutions and the creation of fundamentally new components.

In the late 70s and throughout the 80s, the Kharkov Design Bureau was chosen as the lead one on the topic of creating a promising tank of the 90s. These events are considered from the point of view of one of the developers of the tank, responsible for its electronic component -. Variants of the layouts considered in the 80s are considered in the material -.

The development of a promising tank was never completed until the collapse of the USSR.

The design bureaus remaining in Russia set about creating a promising tank based on the existing backlog. Of the most advanced, we can mention the Leningradsky, which had a very bold layout. Which, along with objective reasons characteristic of the 90s, prevented its implementation.

In 2009, the closure of these projects was announced.

At the beginning, one gets the feeling that a promising tank in the post-Soviet space will never be created.

But in 2015, at the Victory Parade, products based on the Armata platform were presented to the general public - a new generation T-14 tank and a heavy T-15 infantry fighting vehicle with a front-mounted MTO.

With the advent of the first shots of the "Armata", a lot of speculation appeared about this tank. Someone gave him embellished qualities, to he called something plywood and invented non-existent flaws.

Layout

The scheme with the concentration of the crew in front of the hull requires maximum automation of the control of weapons installed in the fighting compartment, creating a number of technical difficulties. Such a scheme is of interest due to the large opportunities for enhancing the protection of the crew, including from means mass destruction, as well as improving the conditions for interaction between personnel.

When placing 3 crew members shoulder to shoulder, as done, the crew is accommodated in sufficient comfortable conditions. But at the same time, it is not possible to realize sufficient protection of the onboard part of the crew compartment. Even with a reduction in the width of the space allocated for each crew member from 70 to 60 cm, the opportunities to provide protection during shelling in the side areas are minimal. At the same time, the railway dimensions do not allow increasing the width of the hull.

Such a scheme has been considered more than once, since the 70s in different countries, but applications in tank building with the exception of experimental models, such as the American did not find.

Crew capsule. The driver's seat is on the left along the tank.

The display complex of the driver (DKMV) installed on the tank is designed to replace the pointer instrumentation and provide solutions for control tasks, monitoring the operation, operational technical diagnostics of chassis systems and assemblies and issuing recommendations for the operation of the facility.

Gear shifting is carried out by buttons on the steering wheel. The most important information about the parameters of the movement is displayed directly on the remote display on the steering wheel. The monitor displays an image from a front-view thermal imaging device located on the upper part of the nose assembly of the hull.

video viewing device and control button block

View of the driver's seat from the gunner's seat, located in the center of the crew capsule

PMF-5.0 monitors with high-resolution LCD panels from the "5" series of multifunctional panels.

On the left in the photo is the gunner's console.

Products PMF-5.0 (5.1) have an extended set of interfaces, including a touch panel with a multi-touch function, etc.

Development of the Instrument Design Bureau (UKBP), which is part of the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern.

The information management system displays information about the state of weapons systems, security, mobility, etc.

Informational messages are displayed on the screen below, critical messages are shown in red, important ones in yellow, regular ones in white.

View of the commander's and gunner's positions. Commander panels (3) right side of the photo.

They display video information from external sources, synthesized video information of devices (TV cameras, sighting systems), exchange of information, issuance of navigation cartographic information, as well as input and transmission of information to control the main systems of the tank. Control panels are installed under the panels, the gunner and commander have similar devices

The devices are manufactured in the Russian Federation and are unified for the entire line of promising ground vehicles (Armata, Kurganets, Boomerang). Devices are still manufactured and assembled by hand, but their reliability is growing.

It is on these devices that tank control is based.

Commander's place. A visual overview of the terrain is carried out through three viewing devices. The main information is supposed to be received through the TV cameras located along the perimeter of the tank and a multi-channel panoramic sight-surveillance device.

Such a decision can be called very bold, especially for ground vehicles, where conditions are much more severe than in aviation. On the right is the AVSKU-E control panel (intercom, switching and control equipment). Under the control panel is an optical sensor of the fire-fighting equipment system (OD1-1S). The installation of optical sensors and high-speed cylinders in the fighting compartment ensures fire detection and the release of fire extinguishing composition in no more than 150 ms. Such sensors are installed around the entire perimeter of the capsule.

View of the back of the crew capsule. Visible ventilation and air conditioning systems

Despite many digital innovations, some traditions in post-Soviet tank building are unshakable, for example, not very accurate welding seams.

Comfortable seats - big step ahead in comparison with the tanks of the previous generation

Side view of the crew capsule from the gunner's seat. Crew seats have a wide range of adjustments, ensuring the comfort of the crew

Protection

The layout of the "Armata" is similar to that worked out on the "Object 195". Increased crew security is achieved by transferring the crew jobs located in the turret to a highly protected nose module of the hull, the protection mass of which can be increased by the amount of the reduction in the turret defense mass, due to a decrease in its dimensions and internal volume intended for crew jobs.

Improving the security and survival of the crew in the module is achieved by reducing the total area of the internal surfaces of the control module (compared to the habitable compartment of tanks of the classical layout).

The weapon module is separated from the transverse bulkhead control module, which reduces the likelihood of hitting the crew in the module.

The fire and explosion safety of the module and the survival of the crew are achieved by the complete separation of the crew's workplaces from the sealed volume of fuel and from the ammunition load.

Schematic representation of the general layout

tank T-14 "Armata" (similar to T-95)

The advantage indicated by the authors of the patent, along with the above, has one more drawback - insufficient protection of the tower. They will come to this question, just as the developers of the promising Soviet-era tank - the Hammer and the Note - also came.

The tank protection complex includes combined and dynamic protection installed in the front part of the hull with the crew capsule.

Also, dynamic protection is installed on the sides of the hull (up to the engine compartment). In front, the caterpillar branches are blocked by the DZ, which is especially important when placing the crew in the hull. In the front part of the side of the hull, the DZ blocks are made folding for ease of maintenance of the undercarriage. In general, the solutions for installing DZ are reminiscent of its installation on the Nota tank (KMDB).

The turret is covered with super-dynamic protection, and the DZ is also installed to protect the capsule, including hatches. Part of the side of the hull in the MTO area is covered with lattice screens.

DZ covers both the upper and lower parts of the nose assembly of the hull.

Externally, the DZ is similar to that installed on the T-95. the working surface of the thrown plate is significantly increased

The technical requirements for a promising tank, set back in the days of the USSR, required protection from above against cumulative ammunition with an armor-piercing ability of 250-300 mm. Despite the small size of the roof and hatches, which is clearly visible in the photographs, it can be assumed that this requirement is met.

The most important feature tank is the use of a set of means to protect against high-precision weapons. They include an active protection complex that provides cover in the range of 120 ° in the direction of the tank turret and a complex for setting up multispectral curtains and a complex of laser and UV radiation indicators installed along the perimeter of the turret.

In order to fire false IR and RL targets quickly and accurately in the direction of the means of attack from wherever it flies up, without turning the turret, the use of rapidly turning grenade launchers is required.

Thus, protection from attacking ammunition in a horizontal projection is provided by the KAZ and the jamming complex (in two rotary installations on the tower). And from the attackers from above - a jamming complex (in two fixed installations directed upwards).

An anti-mine electromagnetic protection system is also installed.

Tank protection complex from WTO

Along the perimeter of the tower are indicators of laser irradiation and ultraviolet radiation(missile launch detection system).

Under the front indicators of irradiation and missile launch, there are radars with headlight detection and target designation KAZ.On the roof of the tower, a system for launching multispectral interference in rotary and fixed installations

Irradiation and launch indicators in the photo and during the demonstration at the parade are covered with shutters. Next to the block of indicators of the TV camera of the front and side view

KAZ launchers are installed under the radar block. KAZ "Afganit" is the development of the "Drozd" system. This development of TsKIB SOO dates back to the 80s. The difference from "Drozd" is the possibility of correcting the fired counter-munition in azimuth (~ 0.5 m ) and vertically (±4°). The complex has the ability to destroy anti-tank missiles attacking a target in flight, but does not protect against attackers from above

To reduce the visibility of the tank, a light casing is installed on the turret with geometric characteristics that are optimal for reducing visibility in the radar wavelength range.

Side view of the T-14 Armata, in the central third of the hull, DZ blocks are installed optimized for protection against cumulative warheads at an angle of impact close to normal

Part of the side of the hull in the MTO area is covered with lattice screens.

Fuel barrels are visible. At the parade in Moscow, "Armata" were without them. Apparently they think it's not fashionable

Firepower

The tank is equipped with a 125mm high-powered 2A82-1M cannon. Judging by the patents, the gun can use both regular shots and newly developed ones with increased powder charge. Ammunition 40 shots (of which 32 in the automatic loader, 8 - transportable). The AZ ideology has been retained from the "Object 195", but the small 152 mm ammunition load has been increased to an acceptable value.

7.62mm PKTM machine gun in a remote-controlled mount on a platform combined with a panoramic sight-surveillance device. Ammunition 2000 rounds in a continuous belt.

The absence of a machine gun coaxial with a cannon is a strange and undoubtedly wrong decision. This will lead to an increased consumption of ammunition by the gunner on targets that do not correspond to 125 mm shells, to distract the commander from observing the battlefield when using a single machine gun. Some justification for this may be in the form of an automated ammunition load increased by 10 shots compared to the T-72. The 30 mm automatic cannon, as was the case on the Molot and T-95, is also missing.

Diagram of the AZ of an uninhabited tower.

Projectiles and charges are arranged vertically.

The conveyor is raised above the bottom of the hull to prevent jamming when the bottom deflects (undermining a mine).

The idea of installing such a gun arose long ago, back in the late 70s (D-91T) and continued in the future, including the "Object 187". In terms of its potential, it is 30% higher than the regular one.

It is known that shots of increased power 3VBM22 with BPS 3BM59 "Lead-1" and 3VBM23 with BPS 3BM60 "Lead-2" with L = 740 mm have increased armor penetration by 100-150 mm. Improved BPSs designed for the "Armata" are likely to reach levels in excess of 800mm (450/60°). EFFECT: possibility of using both regular ammunition and newly developed ammunition of increased power is provided.

Whether the truth is reached is an open question, all these topics have been underway for more than two decades. So the same "Lead-1" and "Lead-2" have been formally part of the ammunition load of the modernized T-72BA, T-80UA, T-80UE1 since 2004.

To combat infantry, a shot 3VOF128 "Telnik" -1 was developed (Completion of the R & D - 2014). The projectile implemented a trajectory gap on approach to the target (at a preemptive point) with the target being hit by the axial flow of the GGE; trajectory gap over the target with the defeat of the target by a circular field of hull fragments; shock ground break with installation for instantaneous (fragmentation) action; shock ground break with installation for high-explosive fragmentation action (small deceleration); shock ground break with a setting for a penetrating high-explosive action (large deceleration).

Armament stabilizer 2E58 - electromechanical with electric drive for vertical and horizontal guidance. It has reduced power consumption, increased accuracy and less fire hazard.

The UUI-2 transceiver is installed at the base of the barrel. Provides automatic measurement of barrel bending during firing.

Wind and pressure sensor (DVD). Capacitive type sensor provides measurement of longitudinal, transverse wind and atmospheric pressure.

Mobility

"Armata" is equipped with a 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped turbocharged diesel engine 2V-12-3A. Swing mechanism with GOP

Engine power 1200 horsepower. According to the developers, there are opportunities for forcing up to 1500-1800 hp. in perspective.

The total capacity of the fuel system of the tank is 2015 liters with two connected barrels. Of these, 1615 liters are in the internal and external fuel tanks of the tank, the fuel is partially located inside the hull (816 liters), the rest is in the fuel tanks on the fenders in the rear of the hull.

The transmission is mechanical with a planetary central gearbox with automatic shifting. The built-in reverser can provide an equal number of forward and reverse gears, which is important when unifying the chassis with the rear and front MTOs. The cooling fan drive is two-stage controlled.

The suspension stiffness is 167…206 kN/m, and the resistance of the hydraulic shock absorber in forward and reverse strokes does not exceed 55 kN and 120 kN, respectively.

the torsion shaft has an operating stress level of more than 147·104 kN/m 2 and an allowable twist angle of more than 80°.

The damping characteristic of the hydraulic shock absorber is speed, that is, it represents the dependence of the resistance force on the speed on the lever. The kinematic connection of the hydraulic shock absorber with the suspension is designed to provide a gear ratio of the vertical speed of the track roller of the caterpillar mover of the tracked vehicle to the speed of movement of the hydraulic shock absorber lever 0.15 ... 3.5 with an increase at the end of the track roller travel.

EFFECT: increased progressivity of suspension characteristics of the suspension system and smooth running of tracked vehicles weighing up to 55 tons.

1- guide wheel; 2 - caterpillars; 3 - track rollers; 4 - supporting rollers;

5 - torsion shaft; 6 - balancer; 7 - hydraulic shock absorbers; 8 thrust

The progressive suspension characteristic is shown in comparison with the suspension characteristic of the Leopard 2 tank.

Project evaluation

The positive side of the project is that it was nevertheless implemented, to a greater extent than any of the existing promising tank projects in the post-Soviet space after the creation of the T-64 tank.

Positive for the industry in the Russian Federation is the development of new technologies (touch panels), a new element base in tank control systems (IMS, FCS, etc.), the development of which can become a serious impetus to the development of the electronics industry.

Sufficient attention has been paid to the complex protection of the tank - KOEP, KAZ, DZ, etc.

Ergonomics meets modern requirements.

The negative features of the tank stem from the choice of its layout, these are the impossibility of providing a sufficient size of the side armor of the capsule due to the placement of the crew shoulder to shoulder, the vulnerability of the turret from the fire of modern automatic guns, the lack of a visual channel of the commander and gunner sights, the impossibility of providing all-round visibility from the commander's seat. Exhaust on both sides increases the IR visibility of the tank.

Of the removable shortcomings, the absence of a machine gun coaxial with a cannon can be noted. And the sight-understudy gunner.

And most importantly, what else can be added, the tank is being tested, they have been released for this moment a small amount of. Most of the systems installed in "Armata" have not yet been sufficiently mastered, it will undoubtedly take a long time to cure "childhood diseases". So to be or not to be "Armata" time will tell.

23:03 — REGNUM According to the latest statement of the Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov, The Russian Armed Forces will not massively receive a new generation of armored vehicles - T-14 tanks based on the Armata heavy tracked platform and armored personnel carriers (APCs) on the Boomerang wheeled platform. Instead, in order to save money, it is planned to continue the modernization of the available Soviet armored vehicles. How correct is this approach?

Grandiose rearmament plans collide with economic crisis

For the first time, new generation land vehicles were officially demonstrated at the Victory Parade in 2015, while the development of these machines began much earlier than 2014 (before the economic crisis caused by falling oil prices and anti-Russian sanctions). Then, T-14 tanks and T-15 infantry fighting vehicles (BMP) based on the Armata heavy tracked platform, infantry fighting vehicles based on the Kurganets-25 medium tracked platform, armored personnel carriers based on the Boomerang wheeled platform passed along the pavement of Red Square ” and 152-mm self-propelled artillery mounts (ACS) “Coalition-SV”.

Vitaly V. Kuzmin

In the future, this really promising and modern armored vehicles were regularly demonstrated at the Victory parades in Moscow. In addition, it is undergoing military tests, and there is already a contract for the same T-14 tank - it is planned to supply the first series of 100 vehicles. Now the question becomes whether this contract will also be fulfilled. As for the plans that existed before, the need to supply 2,000 T-14 tanks was also discussed.

The main argument in favor of reducing purchases new technology budget savings become, because the same T-14 is noticeably more expensive than the T-90 even in the latest modification, and even more expensive than the upgrade package Soviet tanks T-72 to the level of T-72B3 or T-72B3M. Another argument that Borisov cites is the lack of tanks in potential opponents that are superior in capabilities to the upgraded T-72s.

To some extent, we can agree with this, but only in part. For example, the modernization of the T-72 does not include the installation of an active protection complex (KAZ), and this is one of the main directions in the development of armored vehicles. These systems are capable of detecting and shooting down ammunition flying towards the tank. For example, Israeli Merkava Mk.4 tanks have been equipped with the Trophy KAZ for quite a long time, which proved to be quite good in the fight against grenade launchers and anti-tank guided missiles. The T-14 is also equipped with a KAZ system called "Afghanit". The real test results of the Afganit are unknown to the general public, but, according to official information, it is capable of shooting down even armor-piercing feathered sub-caliber shells (BOPS) - the main weapon of enemy tanks. No other known system is capable of dealing with such ammunition.

I must say that it is precisely such advanced electronics and sensors that greatly increase the cost of the T-14, and their installation on the same modernized T-72s will greatly increase the cost of upgrade packages. However, the installation of KAZ is a necessary thing, especially considering the fact that Russia actually participates only in local conflicts, where crew survival plays a key role, and a huge amount of armored vehicles is not needed.

What is the best way?

A complete rejection of the T-14 tank and other promising ground weapons is fundamentally wrong. First, it took a lot of time and money to develop them. Secondly, in terms of categories such as infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, Russia has a serious backlog. Russian army mainly uses Soviet BMP-1 and BMP-2, which in terms of weapons, and especially protection, are very outdated. The existing BMP-3s also have problems with security, and in general are much less convenient for use by motorized rifles than their Western counterparts. It is the new models of infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers that are able to solve this problem - although they have large dimensions (according to some experts, they become more noticeable to the enemy, which is becoming less relevant in the age of drones and other modern intelligence systems), but due to this, it provides noticeably best level security and ergonomics. Upgrading the existing BMP-1 to the level of "Basurmanin" and BMP-2 with the installation of the "Berezhok" module only partially solves the problem - the security of the vehicles still remains low. The same can be said about the modernization of the BTR-80.

At the same time, in no case should one refuse to modernize a huge fleet of armored vehicles, however, it is also necessary to have a sufficiently significant amount of new modern armored vehicles that can be used in real local conflicts, making the crews as safe as possible. In this sense, it would be worth finding a "golden mean" - 2000 "Armat" today is really a lot for the Russian budget, but it's worth having 200-300 cars of this type, the same goes for Kurganets-25 and Boomerang. Do not forget about the export potential of these machines - it is unlikely that someone will acquire them if the Russian Ministry of Defense does not first. At the same time, the cost of vehicles is high precisely in Russian realities - in fact, promising vehicles are close in cost to Western models of armored vehicles.

Tank troops are considered one of the most powerful components modern army. Developers around the world are paying Special attention improvement of tanks and other heavy armored vehicles, in order to carry out a large number of assigned combat missions.

Russia was no exception, where specialists decided to create powerful combat vehicles based on the Armata special tracked platform, which will allow unifying armored units and units, as well as optimizing the cost of producing tanks and armored vehicles.

Of the entire Armata family, the most anticipated novelty of military engineering was the main tank - a new combat vehicle, on the creation of which Uralvagonzavod specialists, engineers and designers worked hard.

TTX tank Armata T-14

Combat weight 48 tons
Crew - 3 people
Booking
- combined multilayer armor
- active protection complex Afghanit
- dynamic protection Malachite
Armament
- Smoothbore gun 125 mm 2A82-1M (152 mm 2A83)
- Gun ammunition 45 shells (32 pieces in the automatic loader)
- Machine guns - 1 × 12.7 mm Cord; 1 × 7.62 mm PKTM
Engine
- multi-fuel A-85-3A (12N360)
- Engine power 1500 hp
Highway speed - 80 - 90 km/h
Cross-country speed - about 70 km / h
Cruising on the highway - over 500 km
Specific power - 31 l. s./t
Suspension type - active.

Multi-level protection of the Armata tank

The main feature of the T-14 tank is uninhabited tank turret- the crew is located in an isolated armored capsule, among other things, a multi-layer combined armor barrier is installed in the front projection of the combat vehicle, protecting tankers during frontal hits of anti-tank shells and missiles. This approach to the design of the tank allows the combat vehicle to withstand the hit of most modern and promising ATGMs and anti-tank shells, while saving the lives of tankers. Control computers are also located in the habitable armored capsule, which makes the tank more tenacious in modern combat conditions.

Arrangement of nodes and modules of Almaty

The engine, transmission, as well as the automatic loader with ammunition are isolated from each other, which dramatically increases the survivability of the Armata even in the event of penetration of the turret armor or engine / transmission compartments of the tank. That is, if not direct hit into a compartment with ammunition and an automatic loader, then there will be no detonation of ammunition. Even with a lot of tank penetrations, the armored capsule will protect the crew and fire control systems, allowing the robotic uninhabited tower to fire. The original solution is also that the crew is located in a row, which reduces the area of the lateral projection of the inhabited armored capsule, dramatically reducing the likelihood of hitting it.

The T-14 tank has a new anti-mine V-shaped armor, remote mine detectors are installed on the tank, which are connected to the anti-tank mine destruction system, which allows the tank to overcome minefields.

T-14 Armata tank turret

The tower of the Armata T-14 tank, as we wrote above, is uninhabited, its armor consists of anti-fragmentation casings to protect instruments and weapons. The steel casing protects the turret instruments, as well as the dynamic protection modules from light shrapnel damage, an additional function of the casing is to reduce the radio visibility of the tank against ATGMs / ATGMs with radar guidance of the JAGM type, due to the surface geometry.

Active protection complex "Afganit"

But the armor cannot 100% protect the tank from modern anti-tank weapons, so the T-14 is equipped with the Afganit active protection system, which has the ability to intercept modern ATGMs, cumulative grenades from RPGs, as well as sub-caliber armor-piercing shells.

Defense Update experts, when analyzing the Afghanit system on the T-14, indicate that it consists of damaging and masking elements. The striking elements are located in the pedestals-shotguns under the turret, which work similarly to the KAZ "Drozd", but more efficiently - the reaction time allows you to intercept even sub-caliber shells. The developers of "Afganit" also received a patent RU 2263268 for an active protection system based on the principle of a "shock core", which allows you to shoot down promising ammunition at speeds up to 3000 m / s.

The masking elements of the Afganit active protection complex are located in small mortars on the roof of the tank turret. Defense Update experts report that, presumably, the masking elements work simultaneously as: a smoke screen, a multispectral curtain (including the IR range) and a curtain opaque for millimeter radars (by ejecting a cloud of miniature dipoles). According to Defense Update, this completely blocks anti-tank systems built on the principle of laser (ATGM Hellfire, TOW, Fagot, Skif, Stugna-P), IR guidance ( ATGM Javelin, Spike) and with its own MW-radar (ATGM JAGM, Brimstone), making Armata protected from these anti-tank missiles, as well as from planning homing charges ("roof-breakers").

Photo Vitaly V. Kuzmin

To counteract guidance radars and AWACS aircraft, the T-14 tank uses modern elements of stealth technology with characteristic flat edges (see, for example, the casing on the turret of the Armata tank). Defense Update experts indicate that the combined destructive and camouflaging KAZ "Afganit" is triggered by an AFAR radar, which is spaced into 4 separate matrices directed in different directions, the rear matrices are turned up to control the upper hemisphere, so the AFAR radar has a circular coverage. The optical means of observation of the tank are also integrated with the system of advanced delivery of curtains.

Earlier, the T-14 developers also reported that, according to data from the AFAR radar, the machine gun mount is capable of protecting the tank not only by shooting down incoming anti-tank missiles, but also having a significant probability of hitting anti-tank shells in order to change the flight path of sub-caliber shells or damage HEAT ammunition.

New steel for Armata tank armor

For combined multilayer armor, specialists from the Research Institute of Steel have developed new armored steel grade 44S-SV-Sh electroslag remelting of high resistance, as well as new materials and designs of the filler. This made it possible to reduce the total weight of the tank's armor protection by 15% while maintaining armor resistance. The dynamic protection of the T-14 was created on the principle of a designer and configuration changes for a script combat use tank. On the march, dynamic protection can be removed, and additional modules can be installed for the urban combat scenario.

Chassis and engine of Almaty

The new medium tank Armata is equipped with a 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped turbocharged diesel engine A-85-3A (12N360) with a capacity of 1500 horsepower. Engine 12N360 multi-fuel, direct injection, developed by the Chelyabinsk design bureau "Transdiesel" and produced at ChTZ (Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant).

The tank has a 7-roller active suspension on paddle-type shock absorbers with a differential steering mechanism with hydrostatic transmission. The new active suspension eliminates the swaying of the tank during movement, which makes it possible to reduce the time it takes to capture targets with optoelectronic guidance by 2.2 times, reducing the time to hit a tank-type target by 1.45 times!

The T-14 Armata is equipped with a tank information and control system (TIUS), which controls all components and assemblies, manages on-board systems, and diagnoses malfunctions, which allows the driver to control the engine and chassis without leaving the armored capsule for inspection and diagnostics - the need for repair determines electronics.

Changed in T-14 design of additional fuel tanks, they are the first time for the Soviet and Russian tanks became fixed and recessed behind the armor and anti-cumulative screen. In this case, the tanks participate in additional engine protection, taking on impact deformations. The exhaust of the Armata engines is produced through pipes running through additional fuel tanks, which, given the high heat capacity of hundreds of liters of fuel, reduces the visibility of the tank in the infrared range.

Although new tank created according to all the standards of Russian tank building and it is quite often compared with the Black Eagle, the model is an absolute novelty that has no analogues. important distinctive feature can be called development high level the safety of the crew, which will be placed in a special armored capsule.

Tracked platform Armata - universal combat transformer

"Armata" is a heavy tracked platform, which was developed by the Uralvagonzavod enterprise and can be used unified in production. various types modern heavy armored vehicles. Based on this unique project, it is planned to create several types of armored vehicles, the development of which Russian specialists have already begun to work. The main positions are:

T-14 (object 148) - Main battle tank;
BMP-T T-15 (GBTU index - object 149) Infantry fighting vehicle;
BREM-T T-16 (object 152) - recovery vehicle;
BMO-2 - flamethrower combat vehicle;
TOS BM-2 - heavy flamethrower system;
TZM-2 - transport-loading vehicle of a heavy flamethrower system;
2S35 "Coalition-SV" - self-propelled artillery mount;
USM-A1 - mining system;
UMZ-A - mine layer (project);
MIM-A - multi-purpose engineering vehicle;
MT-A - bridge layer (project);
PTS-A - floating conveyor (project).

Also, the Armata universal tank tracked platform can serve as the basis for creating a chassis for self-propelled artillery mounts and various specialized engineering vehicles. For the first time, the general public met the Armata at the Victory Parade on May 9, 2015. The participation of the new T-14 Armata tank attracted the attention of not only Russians, but a huge number of military specialists from all over the planet followed the new tank.

It will be interesting to see a comparison of the Armata tank with foreign models, for example, Armata against Abrams, Leopard, Merkava ... by the way, here is a link to.

Update: according to the head of Uralvagonzavod, Oleg Sienko, the Russian Ministry of Defense agreed on the cost and volume of orders for new T-14 Armata tanks until 2035. The previous volume of deliveries of Armata to the troops, approved until 2020, will be adjusted. According to Sienko, the first batch of Armata tanks will enter the tank units of the RF Armed Forces by 2018. General need ground forces in the new combat vehicle is 2000 - 2300 units.

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