Presentation "Black Sea". This is our beautiful sea the name of the sea in antiquity. a legend is known: when the brave Greek sailors sailed into the Black Sea, it met them. Presentation of my trips to the Black Sea

The names of the sea in antiquity. There is a legend: when the brave Greek sailors sailed into the Black Sea, it met them with a storm, scattered their ships, and the surviving ships "got away." Then the Greeks called our sea "Pont Aksinsky" (Inhospitable Sea). Later, the Greeks built powerful ships, crossed the sea and founded on the shores Greek colonies- cities. At this time, the name of the sea "Pont Euxinus" (Hospitable Sea) appeared on Greek maps and in Greek sailing directions.

Why is the Black Sea so called? So the first version of "black" - northern, uncomfortable. There are two more interesting versions. One is connected with the main feature of our sea: the presence of a dissolved poisonous gas, hydrogen sulfide, in the sea. There is a huge amount of hydrogen sulfide in sea water. It saturates the depths of the sea, deprives them of life, therefore only special sulfur bacteria live at the depths, which restore the sulfates contained in sea water and turn them into hydrogen sulfide and bicarbonates. Hydrogen sulfide is easily oxidized, so if you lower some metal object to a depth and then pull it to the surface, the object will be covered with a black coating.

The Black Sea is deep. Some authors indicate that the depth reaches 2211 m, others that m. Greatest depth, as can be seen on the map - off the coast of Turkey in the Sinop depression. The average depth of the sea m. Average level. Approximately equal to the level of the world ocean. Increases by cm per 100 years. The eastern coast of the Black Sea goes steeply into the depths.

Square, pool of the sea. The surface area of ​​the Black Sea is approximately square kilometers (in some sources, sq. km). The basin of the sea is the territory from which all the precipitated waters enter this sea.

The Black Sea is huge! It washes the shores of Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Georgia. The Black Sea is fraught with great wealth. At present, about 60 chemical elements. These are iodine, bromine, radium, silver, gold, etc. True, they are contained in very small quantities. So, for example, silver in total accounts for 1 milligram per ton sea ​​water. But if all the silver in the water of the Black Sea were to be extracted, it would amount to tons. The riches of the Black Sea also include plants and animals that inhabit it.

The coastal zone of the sea is a shelf, depth up to m is composed of pebbles, gravel, fragments of shells, sand and dust particles - silt. At a depth of m it is covered with clayey and calcareous silts. In the northwestern part of the sea, the shelf is up to 200 km wide; in the rest of the sea, the shelf is much narrower, from 1 to 10 km. Against the mouths of large mountain rivers underwater ravines-canyons run from the shore into the sea. They are trying to use the shelf for the extraction of sand and pebbles! According to experts, sand mining in the area of ​​the Black Sea shelf will lead not only to the degradation of bottom biocenoses, but also to a decrease in fish stocks.

Islands of the Black Sea The shores of the Black Sea are slightly indented: there are few bays and bays. The Black Sea is almost devoid of islands. There are only three of them: Fidonisi (aka Serpentine), located opposite the mouth of the Danube. Berezan ( locals they call it Schmidt Island in memory of Lieutenant Schmidt, the heroic leader of the uprising of the Black Sea sailors, who was shot by the tsarist government on this island), located between the entrances to the Berezansky and Dnieper-Bugskip estuaries; Kefken, which is located 92 km east of the Bosphorus, north of Cape Kefken.

Peninsulas Let's note two peninsulas - Crimean and Taman. The Black Sea is closely connected with the Sea of ​​Azov by the Kerch Strait. (The Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is 10 times smaller in area, and in depth it reaches only 14 m. Therefore, earlier the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov was called the Meotian swamp and was considered the bay of the Black Sea.)

States on the shores of the Black Sea The shores of the Black Sea belong to seven states: Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Abkhazia. These states united in efforts to keep the Black Sea clean. Coastal residents need to make efforts to prevent pollution of the Black Sea.

The volume of water in the Black Sea is more than 547 thousand cubic kilometers Of the total volume of water, only 13% is saturated with oxygen - this is a surface layer a m thick, the rest of the water is saturated with poisonous gas - hydrogen sulfide. Nevertheless, the Black Sea is inhabited by no less species of animals, plants, algae and fungi.

Two-layer is a feature of the Black Sea. In the Black Sea, active water exchange occurs only to a depth of m. Deeper, the entire volume of water is poisoned by hydrogen sulfide. Total hydrogen sulfide is billion tons and in the last 1 - 2 thousand years remains approximately constant, because. in parallel with the formation of hydrogen sulfide in the depths, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized by bacteria. The content of hydrogen sulfide at a depth of 150 m is determined at 0.19 mg per liter of sea water, at a depth of 200 m - 0.83 mg, and at a depth of 2000 m - already 9.6 mg (increases 50 times). Deep hydrogen sulfide was formed 7-8 thousand years ago after an earthquake that opened access salt water Mediterranean Sea to an ancient freshwater lake, which was in those days on the site of the Black Sea. It caused doom a large number freshwater organisms. And the decomposition of the remains created hydrogen sulfide (relict). Hydrogen sulfide in the Black Sea was discovered by the expedition of geologist N. Andrusov in 1890. In addition, hydrogen sulfide is constantly formed in the sea due to the decomposition of organic remains carried into the sea by rivers. This process is called "eutrophication".

Residents of the Black Sea! About 130 species of fish are found in the Black Sea. There are flounder, herring, anchovy, tyulka, mullet, horse mackerel, mackerel, etc. Of the birds, there are gulls, petrels and other birds. Oysters, mussels, a predatory mollusk - rapana live at the bottom of the Black Sea, crabs huddle in the crevices of coastal rocks, and many jellyfish are found. They can predict the approach of a storm by their behavior. There are resorts on the Black Sea coast where thousands of children and adults improve their health. These are sanatoriums, boarding houses, tourist bases, children's recreation centers. We see that the Black Sea is of great benefit to man. Does a person always treat him with care? Is it possible to destroy the wealth that we take from the sea?

October 31 - International Black Sea Day International Black Sea Day is celebrated in memory of October 31, 1996, when the six Black Sea countries of Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine signed the Strategic Action Plan for the rehabilitation and protection of the Black Sea. This Plan was developed after extensive research marine environment, which showed that the viability of the Black Sea marine environment has deteriorated significantly compared to the previous three decades. To international day The Black Sea is dedicated to actions aimed at preserving the unique ecosystem of the Black Sea, drawing attention to problems and finding ways to solve the most acute of them. In all cities of the Black Sea coast, regional centers are held environmental actions, round tables, competitions and other events aimed at the formation public opinion in the protection of the sea, in the education of the ecological culture of the population.

Action leaflet GIVE THE BLACK SEA A PROMISE I will: take all my rubbish with me after visiting the beach; save water in any business affairs; eliminate water leaks in your apartment; plant trees, shrubs and flowers around your home, school and in public places; tell my neighbors and acquaintances how to take care of plants, how useful plants are and how plants filter water before it goes into the sea, use a shopping bag when I go shopping, so as not to use packaging bags that litter nature, buy products with less packaging, pour out oil, paints and chemicals so that they do not get into the water; carry out environmental actions to protect the Black Sea: clean up garbage on the beaches and along the river banks so that garbage does not pollute the sea, draw posters in defense of the sea and its inhabitants, participate in exhibitions of such posters, hold talks, quizzes, holidays to educate everyone around love for the sea.

Story international cooperation to save the Black Sea By the beginning of 1990, the state of the Black Sea ecological system was determined by experts as critical. In 1992, the first World Conference on Environment and Development was held in Rio de Janeiro. At this meeting international community came to a consensus that for the sake of future generations of people economic activity of all countries should be accompanied by appropriate measures to protect natural environment and protecting fragile ecosystems from degradation and threats complete disappearance. The Black Sea region became the first where the course towards protection environment received further development: In April 1992, the Convention for the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution was adopted in Bucharest. Global Ecological Fund, the European Union and other donors have allocated $17 million for the implementation of the Black Sea Environmental Program (ChEP). The headquarters of the CEP is located in Istanbul, Business Centers have been created in each of the 6 Black Sea countries, their specialization has been determined.

In cities Black Sea coast It has already become a tradition for many residents to celebrate October 31st as International Black Sea Day. On this day, environmental subbotniks are held to clean the seashore from garbage. Besides, Special attention is given to work with children, for whom lectures, exhibitions and drawing competitions are held. Divers picked up garbage from the bottom of the sea and showed it to schoolchildren.

When is Black Sea Defense Day celebrated?

The one who was born by the sea
He loved forever
White masts in the roadstead,
In the haze of the sea city,
Beacon light over the wave
Southern nights oblivion
The bluest in the world
The Black Sea is mine
The Black Sea is mine!
International Black Sea Day
celebrated every year on 31 October
in memory of the day in 1996, when six Black Sea
countries - Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Russia
and Ukraine - signed the Strategic Action Plan
for the rehabilitation and protection of the Black Sea

Why is the Black Sea so named?

1. Metal objects
lowered for some
sea ​​depth and
go upstairs
blackened, under
the action of hydrogen sulfide
which is in our sea,
they turn black.
2. Due to brown algae
Cystoseira bearded and
scytosiphon. It's a whole forest
brown algae. When
fly over the sea, then because of
these algae
water looks black to us.

What geometric figure resembles the shape of the Black Sea.

Oval
-the form
Black
seas

How many countries surround the Black Sea. Name them.

Black Sea
washes such
countries like:
1. Ukraine
2. Russia
3. Bulgaria
4. Turkey
5. Romania
6. Abkhazia
(partially)
7. Georgia
(partially)

How many days in a year is there a strong wave of the Black Sea.

On the Black Sea
repeatability
strong unrest
low.
During the very
"stormy" year
excitement 6-9 points
not visible
more than 17
days.

What is a swell

The swell is the waves
observed at low
wind or no wind ("dead
swell").
The origin of these waves
associated with activities
wind.
On the Caucasian coast
the seas may come waves,
formed in a storm
area located in
it's time in the west
Black Sea.
On the Caucasian shores
winds can be light and
wave is large. This will be
swell.

What is the maximum wave height in the Sochi region.

highest heights
waves in the Black Sea 14 meters. Length
such waves
is 200
meters.
On the way to Sochi
maximum
wave height
is equal to 6 meters,
length 120 meters.

Name the main feature of the Black Sea.

Main Feature
the Black Sea is
complete absence of life
depths over 150-200 m,
(with the exception of some
bacteria).
Black Sea on
today is
the biggest
anoxic reservoir
in the world due to
savings there
hydrogen sulfide.

What sea birds are found on the Black Sea.

1. Black seagulls
seas
2. Duck dive
3. Cormorants of the Black
seas
4. Bird
Petrel
5. Swans
6. Leggy
herons

What algae can be a raw material for the extraction of iodine.

Phyllophora ribbed
(sea grapes) -
red algae
became the raw material for
extraction of iodine.
big thicket
are nearby
from the city of Odessa,
country Ukraine.
Prefer to grow up in
those places where
freshwater rivers
fall into the sea.
Phyllophora ribbed -
red algae

What seaweed is called sea grapes.

seaweed
phyllophora, or
sea ​​grapes,
she is called for
external resemblance to
grapes, she
has dark red
color.
From Fillofora
iodine is extracted from it
make alcohol,
acetone, acetic
acid, ammonia.

Which of the Black Sea algae is considered edible.

Ulva.
Population
many coastal countries
has long been used in
food. They made a salad out of it.
Meet this seaweed
easiest by the sea
after the storm.
It is easy to recognize her
bright green. growing
Ulva in shallow water, in
well warmed by the sun
places.
Ulva has no stem,
consists of a sheet 3050 centimeters long.
Ulva - sea lettuce

What is Zoster.

Zostera is a marine
grass.
1. Zostera plays very
important role in
marine ecology.
2. She creates the conditions
to attach
animals that
live at the bottom and lead
still image
life (polyps,
sponges).
3. Is food for
many types of fish and
other animals.

How many species of dolphins are found in the Black Sea? List them.

There are 3 species of dolphins in the Black Sea: bottlenose dolphin,
Belobochka, Azovka or Porpoise (Pykhtun).
1. Bottlenose dolphin (bottle nose) - the largest of
families of dolphins, reach a length of 2 to 3
meters and sometimes weigh more than 100 kg. Counts
most smart dolphin, easy to
training.
2. White dolphin - If the bottlenose dolphin has a head ending
resembles the neck of a bottle, then a white barrel
looks like a snout stretched forward, resembling
beak. The body is blue-black, white on the sides, because
and they call the white-barreled dolphin. His most often
can be seen in the Black Sea.
3. Azovka (porpoise) is the smallest
in size from the Black Sea dolphin species.
The back is dark, the bottom is light. Nicknamed the pig
that we breathe noisily, and there is a lot of fat in the body, to
four centimeters. Its also often all
can be seen in the Black Sea.

What other mammal, besides the dolphin, lives in the Black Sea.

Monk seal, another name for the white-bellied seal.
Produces a look that
is currently under
the threat of extinction. Also
there is a small population in
the Black Sea.
White-bellied seal active
most often during the daytime.
The main diet consists
from octopuses, squids and eels,
fish are also eaten
shellfish.

What sharks are found in the Black Sea.

1. Katran - Sea dog
(Prickly shark) - graceful
sea ​​creature. Among the dense
thickets she moves easily and
gracefully. She is non-aggressive and
never attacks people.
2. Cat shark (Scyllium) This is the name of the shark received
due to the similarity of the head shape with
domestic cats. They are
quite mobile and
maneuverable. Ordinary
you can cat shark
watch in the summer months
waves of the Black Sea, where she
comes from the Mediterranean.

What types of Black Sea fish do not have bones.

In the Black Sea live in
mostly bony fish
and only 4 families
cartilaginous: these are feline and
spiny sharks, rays
common (skatfox) and stingrays
stingrays (sea cat).
Sharks and rays in the sea
perform functions
orderlies eating
sick and weakened
animals.

What kind of fish with its nose is able to break through the wooden side of the ship.

Fish - sword - you can
meet in the Black Sea.
Develops a very large
speed (faster than a cheetah).
The sword is a very fish
aggressive, can attack
just. Not known
isolated cases of
attack on wood
the ships that she
pierced with her sharp
nose.
There are even cases of
the attack of this fish on
small modern
ships in which the swordfish left holes.

Name the largest fish that lives in the Black Sea.

Beluga is one of
the largest fish
Black Sea. Reaches
weight 50-60 kg and length 4.2
m (at the age of 15).
Off the coast of Crimea
known cases of capture
beluga weighing 800 kg.
Beluga is a long-liver
among fish, some of it
individuals live up to 100 years.

What fish is found in the Black Sea in the largest quantities.

1. Gobies - in the Black Sea
there are about 10 species
this fish. This is a small
predatory fish living on
sandy bottom or thickets.
2. Black Sea horse mackerel
- is one of the most
common fish in
black sea. The fish lives in
flocks that move
in search of food.
3. Mackerel
Black Sea - schooling
fish, number in a school
there are more than a few
thousand.

What fish is found in the Black Sea in the largest quantities

4. Black Sea herring
- going to big
shoals and moves like
single mechanism.
5.
Black Sea sprat gathers in large flocks
shoals, lives in
moderately cold layer
water.
6.
Hamsa - going to
large flocks of shoals,
plays a huge role in
fishery and ecosystem
the sea, as it serves
main food of large
fish and dolphins.

What kind of fish easily gnaw shells of mollusks and feed on their meat.

1. Rulena - capable
with your teeth
gnaw at shells
shellfish.
2. Zelenushki - bright
painted fish.
Feeds on shellfish
worms and
crustaceans. Take a bite
from a stone shell,
gnaw, spit out and
waiting. shell shards
sink faster, and the pieces
meat slower. Fish
and selects them.

Which fish has two large antennae under its muzzle, with which it feels the bottom under it.

Red mullet or common
black sea sultanka
chin has two long
mustache, with which
stirs up the sand on the seabed,
while the fish rapidly releases
air bubbles (hence
title -
red mullet), catches small
animals: shellfish, small
crustaceans.
Red mullet in its existence
prefers muddy or
sandy bottom. Reaches 10-12 cm
length.
For your wonderful taste
called a sultanka (they say that
only the sultan had the right to eat it).

Which fish has a mouth that works like a vacuum cleaner.

What is a fish vacuum cleaner?
This high-nosed
needle fish -
relative
seahorse.
She eats very
unusual. inflates
cheeks and sucks in the mouth,
like a vacuum cleaner
small
invertebrates, sometimes
even fish fry.
Also this amazing
the fish can make
low bass sounds.

What Black Sea fish is called "golden" because of the delicious meat.

Tuna
Tuna is called "golden
fish", although "fish"
such a carcass can be
to name, only with a big
stretch. The title is
tuna received for delicious
meat. It tastes like
Chicken.

Which sea fish has a muzzle with eyes turned straight up.

The sea cow is
terrible predator with ferocious
square head,
lower
jaw and inelegant look
body.
Fish burrow into the sand
above which only
bulging eyes,
who called her a fish -
astrologer.
To lure the fish
at the stargazer on the lower jaw
there is a red growth-bait
(checkbox).
The sea cow has
venomous thorn, gill
lid - do not touch it.
stargazer fish, sea dragon
or sea ​​cow

What kind of fish is distinguished by the ability to quickly change color to match the color of the bottom surface.

Flounder-Kalkan,
waiting for prey
lie on the bottom for hours,
masquerading as stones
burrowing into the sand.
Kalkan can change
its coloration at the sight
danger for the purpose
disguise or during
hunting depending on
bottom colors.
On the sand is her skin
gets sandy
color, on stony gray
bottom - grey.

What color are blind flounders

Flounder is easy
distinguish by appearance
type: fish body
flattened laterally,
.
eyes are on
one side.
Interesting that the blind
flounders are always
black color. They are like
would see in front of you
darkness and
respectively
change body color

What jellyfish are found in the Black Sea most often.

What jellyfish are found in
black
more often
Total.
Jellyfish
- this is the Sea
unusual
animals,
transparent and gelatinous. Their body is 95%
consists of water collected in a jelly-like
mass. In shape, they resemble a dome or
saucers.
There are 3 types of them in the Black Sea: Aurelia,
Mnemiopsis and Cornerot.
1. Aurelia (Eared) - most of all we
see in the Black Sea. Not poisonous. not

for people.
2. Mnemiopsis - a species without tentacles. They are
unable to sting, but very beautiful
glow in the dark. These are alien jellyfish, and
not the native inhabitants of the Black Sea. not
pose no serious threat
for people.
3. Cornerot - the most dangerous poisonous
jellyfish of the Black Sea appear in
abundant offshore in August and September. Them
the tentacles tingle palpably. Especially
jellyfish in the Black Sea are dangerous for
mucous membrane of the human eye.

Name the dangerous Black Sea jellyfish that leaves burns on the skin.

Cornerot - the most
large black jellyfish
seas.
It is easy to distinguish by
fleshy, like
bell, dome and heavy
beard of oral lobes under
him.
On these lacy blades
and are poisonous
stinging cells.
By touching them, you can
get BURNED.
True nettle is stronger
it burns, but its poison
eye contact, may
ruin their cornea.

What Black Sea fish can be dangerous to humans

Which Black Sea crab is the strongest.

stone crab
The stone crab is the largest
black sea crab. He
prefers to live in places
where deeper.
The size reaches 9-10cm, not
eats carrion like others
varieties, he himself
strong and aggressive, therefore
may at any moment become
agile and fast predator.
In an ambush, a crab can guard
small fish, worms, snails. His
pincers are very strong, he uses them
clicks shellfish, and
as well as hermit crabs
seeds.

Why is the marble crab called a spider.

Sea spiders, they
spider crabs, they
marble crabs
These crabs are called
"spiders" because of their
long, dark legs, and
the name "marble",
they got thanks
characteristic pattern on
shell.

What mollusk got into the Black Sea from the Pacific Ocean.

Ferocious predator - gastropod
shellfish Rapan
(resembling a large
snail) arrived here from the Pacific
ocean in 1947.
More precisely, it was accidentally brought to
bottoms of Soviet torpedo
boats.
He eats bivalves
shellfish; destroyed almost
all scallops and oysters in
Black Sea.
Strongly breed here he
was able thanks to
The Black Sea does not have its main
natural enemies - marine
stars.

Which mollusk feeds on bivalve mollusks.

Rapan - Predator
to his nature. Eats
bivalve
shellfish
(mussels),
drilling at
language help in their
sink hole
or unclenching them
sashes strong foot.

Which mollusk feeds on oil and is able to filter polluted sea water.

some shellfish,
e.g. mussels,
eat
oily
waste, turning it into
fertilizers for
algae.
Mussels can live in
heavily polluted
water. Through one of
siphons, having slightly opened Take care of our Black Sea!!!

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2 slide

History of the Black Sea Each sea, like each person, has its own image, character, habits, and finally, history. The Black Sea has much to be proud of. Over millions of years, it has repeatedly changed its appearance: it became either a lake or a sea. And it all started like this ... *

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History of the Black Sea Tens of millions of years ago, in the area of ​​the modern seas of the Mediterranean, Marmara, Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral, the bay of the ancient huge Tetis Sea stretched. *

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History of the Black Sea The bay consisted of two parts, western and eastern. The western part was salty, and the eastern part was desalinated, since many rivers flowed into it. Terrible, monstrous prehistoric fish and lizards reigned in its depths. *

5 slide

The history of the Black Sea in diagrams * As a result of the formation of giant mountain ranges, the Tethys Ocean broke up. On the site of the current Black Sea, a closed, freshwater Sarmatian Sea-lake was formed, and it was during this period that freshwater flora and fauna formed in it, the remains of which have survived to this day. Crimea and the Caucasus were islands in the Sarmatian Sea. Later, a connection with the ocean reappeared, the salty Meotic Sea formed, it was inhabited by marine animals and plants; at that time there were even huge whales here - now paleontologists dig up their skeletons, etc.

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History of the Black Sea Last modified sea ​​occurred about 8 thousand years ago and was catastrophic. The strongest earthquake split the land. The modern Bosphorus arose. *

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History of the Black Sea Huge masses of salty Mediterranean water rushed into the Black Sea basin, causing the death of a huge number of freshwater inhabitants. So many of them died that the decomposition of the remains of their organisms in the depths of the sea, devoid of oxygen, created the initial supply of hydrogen sulfide, which continues to exist to this day. The Black Sea became the "Sea of ​​the Dead Depths". * Map of the Black Sea 1590

8 slide

The history of the Black Sea Historians believe that this whole cataclysm took place before the eyes of a person who lived here. Are these events flood? After all, as you know, Noah moored his ark to Caucasian mountain Ararat, which then could well look like an island in a raging stream at the confluence of two seas. *

9 slide

recent history Black Sea * Now nature has taken a time out. There is only a very slow uplift of the mountains surrounding the sea - a few centimeters per century. The mountains are growing, but the sea is advancing. Moreover, it comes faster than mountains rise - 20-25 centimeters per century. It would seem a little, but the ancient cities of Taman have already disappeared at the bottom of the sea.

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Short story Peoples of the Black Sea * The emerald waters of the Black Sea keep the memory of great peoples and great achievements. In ancient times, the legendary Argonauts sailed the Black Sea in search of the Golden Fleece.

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Why is the sea called Black? * Exists whole line hypotheses regarding the reasons for the emergence of such a name: the Turks and other conquerors who tried to conquer the population of the sea coast met a fierce rebuff from the Circassians, Adyghes and other tribes, for which they called the Karadengiz sea - Black, inhospitable.

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Why is the sea called Black? * Another reason, according to some researchers, may be the fact that during storms the water in the sea becomes very dark. However, storms in the Black Sea are not very frequent, and the water darkens during storms in all the seas of the earth.

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Why is the sea called Black? * Another hypothesis of the origin of the name is based on the fact that metal objects (for example, anchors) lowered into the sea water deeper than 150 meters long time, covered with a black coating due to the action of hydrogen sulfide.

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Why is the sea called Black? * One of the most common hypotheses is the assumption that the name is associated with memories of the breakthrough of the Bosphorus 7500-5000 years ago, which resulted in a catastrophic rise in sea level by almost 100 meters, which in turn led to the flooding of a vast shelf zone and the formation Sea of ​​Azov.

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Why is the sea called Black? * Exists Turkish legend, according to which a heroic sword rests in the waters of the Black Sea, which was thrown there at the request of the dying wizard Ali. Because of this, the sea is worried, trying to splash out of its depths deadly weapon and is dyed black.

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Flora and fauna of the Black Sea * Vegetable world The Black Sea includes 270 species of multicellular green, brown, red bottom algae.

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Flora and fauna of the Black Sea Far East. Numerous crabs live in the crevices of the coastal rocks and among the stones, there are shrimps, there are different kinds jellyfish (cornerot and aurelia are the most common), sea anemones, sponges.

Black Sea

and its inhabitants

The Black Sea is located in the depths of the Eurasia continent and is inland sea basin of the Atlantic Ocean. The average depth of the Black Sea is 1300 m, and the maximum depth reaches 2211 m. The area is 422 thousand sq. km. The waters of the Black Sea wash the shores of many states: Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania and Georgia. The salinity of the water in the Black Sea is much lower than in other seas.

Not a single sea on Earth has a depth division into two zones - oxygen (up to a depth of 150-200 m) and lifeless hydrogen sulfide (below 200 m), occupying 87% of its water mass. At the disposal of animals and plants is only 13% of the volume of water.

• Stone crab prefers rocky bottom

• Grass crab lives in algae

About 180 species of fish are known that live in the Black Sea.

The goby hides in a mink

• Scorpion thorns are poisonous

Dogs often settle in rapana shells

Rock groupers are very curious

Stargazer or sea cow is very poisonous

Night coloring of red mullet (sultanka)

Sea Dragon very poisonous

The needlefish and seahorse differ from other fish in that their females spawn not into the water, but into special skin folds on the males' backs, and the males hatch their eggs until the fry are hatched ..

Fry horse mackerel find shelter under the dome of the cornerot

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Location of the Black Sea

• The Black Sea is an inland sea of ​​the Atlantic Ocean basin.
• The Bosphorus connects with the Sea of ​​Marmara, then, through the Dardanelles, with the Aegean and mediterranean seas. The Kerch Strait connects with the Sea of ​​Azov.
• From the north, the Crimean peninsula cuts deep into the sea.
• The water boundary between Europe and Asia Minor runs along the surface of the Black Sea.
• The sea is - inland

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Area, depth and length of the Black Sea coastline

• The area of ​​the Black Sea is 422,000 km² (according to other sources - 436,400 km²). The outlines of the Black Sea resemble an oval with the largest axis about 1150 km. The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 km. The greatest depth is 2210 m, the average is 1240 m. The volume of water in the sea is 555 thousand km3
• The area of ​​the Sea of ​​Azov is 38 thousand km 2, the maximum depth is 14 m, the average is 8 m.

slide 4

Black Sea

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Salinity of the Black Sea

• The salinity of the Black Sea is not high compared to other seas and oceans. In the surface layer, there are only 18 grams of salts per 1 thousand grams of water. For comparison, in Atlantic Ocean this is 35 grams of salt, and in the Red Sea - 39 grams of salt.
• In the north-west of the Black Sea, the salinity is even lower, only 13 grams of salt per 1 thousand grams of sea water.

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Depths

• Maximum depth: 2210 m
• Average depth: 1240 m
• In the depths of the Black Sea, below 200 meters, there is no oxygen at all, and only anaerobic saprotrophic bacteria live there, continuing the decomposition of the remains of the living, sinking from the upper layer of the sea.

Slide 7

Black Sea

Slide 8

Flora and fauna of the Black Sea

In total, there are more than 660 species of plants and 2000 species of representatives of the animal world in the Black Sea. The resources of the Black Sea, namely anchovy, horse mackerel, sprat, mullet, flounder, mackerel, etc., algae and invertebrates (mussels, shrimps, oysters) are of industrial importance. The sea produces up to 300 thousand tons annually biological resources. Industrial reserves of combustible gas and oil have been explored here.