How to play tank pt t28. Super heavy tank T28 (T95). Advantages and disadvantages of the car in the top configuration

The cessation of work on the M6A2E1 tanks was primarily due not to the distrust of the US military in heavy tanks, but to the insufficient number of vehicles suitable for conversion. Work on the new heavy breakthrough tank had been going on since September 1943.

The American military, preparing to open a second front in Europe, agreed that in order to break through long-term defensive positions like the German "Western Wall" a heavy tank is needed with the maximum possible armor and powerful cannon for the destruction of long-term concrete defensive structures. After lengthy negotiations between the weapons department and the military, in March 1945, it was decided to order five tanks weighing up to 95 tons under the designation T28 with 305 mm frontal armor and a T5E1 gun of 105 mm caliber.

Given the significant thickness of the armor, it was decided to make the tank turretless with the installation of a 105-mm cannon in the frontal part of the hull. At the same time, auxiliary weapons were to be installed from only one 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun on the commander's cupola. Since they planned to use the 500 hp Ford-GAF engine. from the M26 "Pershing" tank, there were problems with ensuring good mobility of the vehicle with such a large weight. It was decided to install two pairs of tracks on each side. At the same time, the external tracks could be dismantled and towed by the crew when driving along the highway behind the tank. Given this arrangement, it was decided to rename the machine to self-propelled gun T95.

Due to the heavy workload of the industry with military orders for a long time, they could not find a contractor for the manufacture of these self-propelled guns. In the end, the Pacific Car and Foundry Company, which began work in May 1945, gave its consent. By August, the first body of self-propelled guns was assembled. But with the end of hostilities on Pacific USA limited to the production of two cars. The first of them was sent to the Aberdeen Proving Ground in December of the 45th year, the second - in January of the 46th year.

Tests have shown that the T95 has a low speed, which does not exceed 12 kilometers per hour. Despite this, during the tests, self-propelled guns were able to “wind on the caterpillar” about 865 kilometers, including 660 kilometers on virgin soil, which, given the low speed of the vehicle, took a lot of time. The heavily armored, powerfully armed T95 self-propelled gun did not fit into the concept of armored weapons of the American Ground Forces. So according to this concept, tanks were to be equipped with a turret, and self-propelled guns should be lightly armored for maximum mobility. T95 did not fit into any of the groups. As a result, in June 1946, the name was changed again - the vehicle again became the T28 heavy tank. Despite this, work on the T28 was stopped - the 100-ton mass for the tank was considered unnecessary.

One T28 super-heavy tank is kept at Fort Knox in the museum's collection.

The performance characteristics of the American super-heavy tank T28:
Length - 11.12 m;
Width - 4.54 m;
Height - 2.86 m;
Weight - 86.3 tons;
Engine - GAF;
Engine power - 500 hp;
Speed ​​- 12.8 km / h;

Power reserve - 160 km;
Crossable moat - 2.9 m;
The thickness of the frontal armor (angle of inclination) - 305 (0) mm;
Side armor thickness - 152 mm;
Roof thickness - 38 mm;
Bottom thickness - 25 mm;
Armament:
Weapon - Т5Е1;
Caliber - 105 mm;
Machine guns - HB M2;
Caliber - 12.7 mm;
Crew - 4 people.

According to the Artillery Department, American troops after landing in Europe should have needed powerful machine to break through German fortifications such as the Siegfried Line. However, the American command believed that artillery would be enough to punch holes in the dragon's teeth. In addition, some hope was placed on a well-armored medium tank M4A3E2 Sherman Jumbo, with better frontal protection than German Tiger. In general, American Tank forces showed no interest in developing new armored vehicles to solve the upcoming problem. However, the Artillery Department, on its own initiative in September 1943, began work on new program heavy tanks. Initially, it was planned to install a new 105mm T5E1 gun on a tank with 8-inch frontal armor and an electric drive designed for the T1E1 heavy tank and T23 medium tank. The head of the Artillery Department proposed to create the first pilot tank in 8-12 months and to produce 25 new tanks in the same time. It was believed that this is how much time american army will be before landing in Europe. However Ground Forces The armies did not show much interest and advised that only three prototypes be made, replacing the electric drive with a traditional mechanical transmission. After a conference of interested parties, the Army Service Forces in March 1945 authorized the production of 5 vehicles, under the designation heavy tank T28 (heavy tank T28). The initial characteristics were changed in the direction of increasing the frontal armor to 12 inches at a slope of 90 degrees, which increased the weight to 95 tons. The gun mantlet was 11½ inches (29.21 cm) thick, top part sides - 6-8 inches (15.24-20.32 cm), Bottom part sides - only 2½ inches (6.35 cm) at an angle of 57.5 degrees, despite the outer block of the chassis had a 4-inch (10.16 cm) armor screen, which gave additional protection. The hull was made of cast and rolled armor, joined by welding.

Scheme of the super-heavy tank T28 / self-propelled guns T95. Let's pay attention to the 12-inch frontal armor.

The proposed tank had a low silhouette without a turret. In the frontal armor, a 105mm T5E1 cannon was to be installed with horizontal aiming angles of 10 degrees and vertical aiming from -5 to +19.3 degrees. When moving, the gun was fixed in the maximum raised position. Gun ammunition - 62 shots. Crew 4 people. The driver is in front on the left, the gunner is in front on the right, the loader is on the left behind the fighting compartment, the commander is on the right behind, behind the gunner. The workplaces of the driver and commander were equipped with observation turrets. The commander's cupola was supposed to have a ring mount for a 50 .cal machine gun with 660 rounds of ammunition. It was the only auxiliary armament of the tank (apart from personal weapons), and to fire from it, the commander had to stand in an open hatch. The gunner had a telescopic sight paired with the gun and a periscope sight on the roof of the hull.

Gunner's workplace. Visible telescopic sight T139 and periscope.

On February 7, 1945, the Head of the Artillery Department in a memorandum requested to change the name of the vehicle from the T28 heavy tank to 105mm self-propelled unit T95 (105mm gun motor carriage T95). This step was argued by the fact that the vehicle does not have a turret, and its auxiliary armament is limited. OCM 26898 dated March 8, 1945 approved the name change and fixed the characteristics of the new vehicle.

Dismantling and connecting together the external suspension units of the ACS T95

External blocks of the T95 self-propelled guns, disconnected from the tank, connected together and ready for towing.

The workload of production facilities with military orders caused difficulties in finding an enterprise capable of manufacturing five pilot vehicles. The Pacific Car and Foundry Company agreed to take on the project and in May 1945 they received technical documentation for the SPG and detailed information on mounting the gun and horizontal spring suspension. Work began immediately. On June 20, 1945, the first cast frontal part was delivered, and in August 1945, welding of the first hull was completed.

With the end of the fighting Pacific Ocean the number of pilot cars was reduced from five to two, while pilot No. 1 was required to be delivered to the Aberdeen Proving Ground on December 21, 1945, and pilot No. 2 on January 10, 1946. The first pilot with registration number 40226809 was used in Aberdeen for technical tests, and the second, with the number 40226810 was transferred to Fort Knox and later to the Engineering Division in Yuma, Arizona, to test pontoon bridges.

The T95 had the same power unit as the M26 Pershing tank, although the self-propelled guns were almost twice heavier than a tank. In order to install on the T95 a clearly weak 500-horsepower Ford GAF ​​engine and a torkmatic transmission, the gear ratio had to be changed so that top speed did not exceed 8 miles per hour. Thus, the usual cruising speed was 7 miles per hour at 2600 rpm. The fuel supply was enough for approximately 100 miles. Big weight The machine also demanded to find a way to reduce the specific pressure on the ground to an acceptable level. An empty car weighed 90.3 tons, and in combat readiness 95 tons. The solution was found in the installation of two sets of tracks on each side. When the ground was firm enough, the outer set of tracks, along with the 4-inch armor screens, could be dismantled, connected together and towed behind the vehicle in the form of a dolly. Each track was 19 ½ inches (49.53 cm) wide, with 102 tracks in 6 inch (15.24 cm) increments. thus, the removal of the outer tracks at the same time reduced the overall width of the machine from 179 ½ inches (455.93 cm) to 124 inches (314.96 cm), which made it possible to transport the machine on railway platforms. At Aberdeen, an untrained crew of four dismantled external track sets in four hours field conditions from the very first try. It took the same amount of time to install them back. On the third attempt, the same crew dismantled and installed the outer tracks in two and a half hours. For these purposes, the T28 / T95 had two hydraulic winches.

Hello dear tankers! Today we continue to consider the US tank destroyer branch and today one of the most incomprehensible and scary Tier 8 vehicles is next in line. Terrible not only for the enemy, but also for the driver. This is a machine that does not forgive mistakes. A machine, with the proper use of which, you can bring panic and fear into the enemy's ranks. This is one of the most obscure, creepiest, most unexpected cars in the game. Meet T28.

Well, the car is level 8. Despite its level, this vehicle does not find a place in the companies, like many other tank destroyers. This car is made for the scary bending of the random, however, you will have to work hard to bend each and every one individually. Many drivers of this PT and the next one also pay with their nerves, and many get a lot of fun. Therefore, if you do not like very slow and armored vehicles, then it is better to stop at the T25 AT. This machine differs from its predecessor in all respects and on each one individually. Trying to play on this machine is worth it, maybe even on OT ( general test) immediately in the top configuration, but if the car is not about you, then it’s better not to torture yourself and the allied team - nerves are more expensive. It is also worth considering the fact that the T95 is a truly terrifying continuation of the T28 (in two senses of the word “terrifying”, for whom, decide for yourself). The value of this horror is 2,580,000 credits and 87,000 experience. The numbers are quite common for level 8, so there is nothing terrible and unattainable in them. From experience, this is even slightly less than that of the alternative T28 prototype. However, since the machine is quite demanding on the hands and does not forgive mistakes, we immediately need to install optional equipment, put a good crew and apply camouflage. We will talk about the equipment later, but already now expect to spend at least 1,000,000 credits on its purchase, because the previous vehicle was light, and this is a heavy tank with completely different modules in the class. As for the crew, everything is quite simple, but with its own moments. I have repeatedly said that the higher the level of the car, the more its characteristics are influenced by the crew. Therefore, I highly recommend transferring the crew from the previous car, since the specialties completely coincide. I advise you to transplant immediately with a 100% level of proficiency in the main specialty, this can be achieved in several ways:

• The most convenient way is to retrain everyone for gold. The perks of us and our predecessors should match, so they don't even have to be reset. It will cost you 200 * 5 = 1,000 gold.

• An alternative option is retraining for silver up to 100%. Here we will have to sacrifice a small amount of experience, as we will be forced to reset the skills of the crew and retrain them. Thus, part of the experience in the "plus" will cover the entire penalty amount, and plus, we will be able to choose new perks and skills. It will cost us 40,000 * 4 = 160,000 silver.

I also highly recommend applying camouflage to the car. We are a PT, which already means that we have a bonus to camouflage, and in combination with camouflage we will get a good increase ... It will cost 80,000 * 3 = 240,000 credits for 30 days. It's not that expensive for a level 8.

Equipment

Here is the machine research tree

Of course, the already opened pre-top gun and radio station cannot but rejoice. However, if you have already upgraded the alternative PT T28 prototype, then the gun and engine should already be open.

As usual, the choir must be opened and installed immediately to increase the load capacity of the machine. Also, we will significantly increase the turning speed and cross-country ability on different soils, which in turn is extremely important for the PT with our dynamics.

Both the top engine and the stock engine do not reach enough power to achieve more or less normal speed with our mass. Yes, the top engine is important, but the game is not based on dynamics on this tank, so the top gun will be more useful for us.

Well, the stock radio station will obviously not be enough for us to play at our levels, so we definitely immediately install the top radio station, since it was opened a very long time ago and is quite light in weight. It will be enough for us.

A terrible, very terrible top gun for this tank. Of course, many will say that the BL-10 will be better, but this is not so. Firstly, accuracy is better here, and secondly, one-time damage does not always solve. There are a lot of situations when it is more important to inflict 100 - 200 units. damage is faster than inflicting 700 - 800, but wait 15 seconds ... We have more than enough penetration even with basic shells, so we will not have problems with penetration of mouses, Is-7 and slippers. The damage is also quite good, and with a high rate of fire, we can pour in and pour in damage. As for the pre-top weapon, it is not enough for us, but be patient and gradually upgrade the top one, in the end you will get what you wanted and the game will become much more pleasant.

pumping

It is better to open and install modules in this order

1. radio station
2. Chassis
3. Top gun
4. Engine

The last 2 points can be swapped if you are too unbearable to ride with a stock engine.

Advantages and disadvantages of the car in the top configuration

pros

• low silhouette
• Excellent booking in the frontal projection
• Great tool
• Good shooting accuracy on the move

Minuses

• Poor side and stern armor
• Weak dynamics
• No tower

Balance weight

We get into battles of 8 - 10 levels. In principle, we don’t care who to make holes, but we don’t care what kind of artillery to catch blanks from. However, we feel comfortable everywhere if the machine is for you and you know how to play it.

Profitability

A successful game with PA will bring us a little farm. All this is due to the good survivability of the vehicle and the ability to deal high damage to any opponents. However, this is all when using ordinary shells and consumables, with premium ones you will go into the red. The game without PA will also differ little from the last option.

Tactics

Well, get used to the fact that you are a mobile pillbox. We have an extremely weak dynamics, so we need to carefully choose the direction where to go from the very beginning. We are unlikely to be able to return to the base, not to mention the change of flank. It is also worth noting that we have a fairly long body, which means that it will not be difficult to break through you into a lateral projection, and to get there too. We should be wary of artillery, because the boards and feed are cardboard and splashes will pass perfectly. Also because of the low speed - we just can not quickly change position. Our worst enemy is CTs at short distances, they can simply get used to the side and hit us. Shoot down their tracks, crit the engine, do whatever you want, but don't let them near you. Well, according to this PT, perhaps all of the features. I will only say that you need to think well before each action, turn, shot. The game on this PT is built with the help of brains, not hands and experience, which is also important.

Optional equipment

Everything is standard here, but with some features

• Rammer
• Drives
• Fan / lining / optics / mesh - depending on the style of play. Personally, I would put a lining, we don’t have dynamics anyway, so we won’t lose anything, but artillery will have to try hard when dealing damage. Even with such a twist direct hit it might just be a poke.

Equipment

Also standard

• repair kit
• first aid kit
• Fire extinguisher

Crew perks

Commander

1. Sixth Sense
2. Disguise
3. The Brotherhood of War

gunner

1. Disguise
2. Sniper
3. The Brotherhood of War

Driver mechanic

1. Disguise
2. Virtuoso
3. The Brotherhood of War

1. Disguise
2. radio interception
3. The Brotherhood of War

Charging

1. Disguise
2. Non-contact ammo rack
3. The Brotherhood of War

Machine vulnerabilities

Orange- commander, gunner, loader
Red- engine, tanks, transmission
Green- easily penetrated zones
White- ammo rack
Blue- driver mechanic.

And finally, a few videos on the car

Somehow earlier, the site already published the site, where the T28 super-heavy tank was mentioned in passing, but in that publication it was about. However, it is worth noting that there were also not bad projects in the countries that deserve attention. And today we will talk about the monster of tank building, which is deservedly the second largest sample of armored vehicles ever embodied in metal.

The project was supposed to create a squat, reckless tank. At the same time, the 105-mm T5E1 gun was mounted in the front plate with pointing angles along the horizon of 10 °, and declination angles of + 20-5 °. The crew of four was supposed to include the driver and gunner, sitting in front to the left and right of the gun, respectively, the loader - to the rear-left and the commander behind the gunner. The driver and commander had observation towers at their disposal. A turret was mounted around the commander's cupola for a 12.7 mm Browning machine gun. It could only be used by the commander, standing in the hatch, which made it possible to consider the machine gun only as auxiliary weapons, except for the personal weapons of the crew members. The gunner had at his disposal a telescopic sight connected to the gun barrel and a periscope sight mounted on the roof of the fighting compartment.

On February 7, 1945, the head of the weapons department issued a memorandum proposing to change the name from T28 to the "self-propelled" T95, given the lack of a turret and weak auxiliary weapons. Order OSM 26898 dated March 8, 1945, this proposal was approved. However, during the tests, the name changed again. Heavily armored, with powerful weapons, the T95 self-propelled gun did not fit into the concept of armored weapons of the US Army. So, tanks had to have a turret, and self-propelled guns were usually lightly armored to achieve maximum mobility. T95 did not fit in either there or there. As a result, in June 1946 the name was changed again - the vehicle became the T28 heavy tank. It was considered that powerful weapons and heavy armor more suitable for a tank.

By the way, it is worth noting that the tank had the same power unit as the M26 “Pershing” tank, despite the fact that the self-propelled guns were twice as heavy. The 500-horsepower engine was clearly not enough, the speed was no higher than 12 km / h. In reality, it was recommended to move at a speed of no more than 10 km / h at 2600 engine revolutions.

Also, due to the huge weight of the machine, it was necessary to somehow solve the problem of high pressure on the ground, and the solution was to install an additional pair of tracks on board. However, if necessary, these external tracks, together with the side 100-mm screen, could be dismantled to move the tank on hard ground. The removed tracks were towed behind the self-propelled gun. Removing the outer tracks reduced the width of the vehicle from 4.56 m to 3.15 m. In Aberdeen, on trials, four crew members removed the outer tracks on the first attempt in 4 hours, the same amount was required for their installation. On the third attempt, both of these operations took 2.5 hours.

The performance characteristics of the American super heavy tank T28:

Length - 11.12 m;

Width - 4.54 m;

Height - 2.86 m;

Weight - 86.3 tons;

Engine - GAF;

Engine power - 500 hp;

Speed ​​- 12.8 km / h;

Power reserve - 160 km;

Crossable moat - 2.9 m;

The thickness of the frontal armor (angle of inclination) - 305 (0) mm;

Side armor thickness - 152 mm;

Roof thickness - 38 mm;

Bottom thickness - 25 mm;

Armament:

Weapon - Т5Е1;

Caliber - 105 mm;

Machine guns - HB M2;

Caliber - 12.7 mm;

Crew - 4 people.

How do you like this tank? Don't forget to express your opinion in the comments! ;)

Popular publications of the site.

Mounted on self-propelled chassis. This type of armored vehicle performs combat missions different from other tanks, so it has characteristic features.

Use of self-propelled guns

Self-propelled guns have a powerful long-range gun capable of hitting the enemy at considerable distances, so it makes no sense for them to get close to the enemy. Not on self-propelled guns powerful protection, since they should fire not at the front line, but from the rear of the main troops. Roughly speaking, self-propelled guns are powerful long-range artillery capable of quickly changing their position after firing. However, this armored vehicle was used not only in the form heavy howitzers, but also as assault guns that support attacking troops with their fire, as well as tank destroyers capable of hunting and destroying enemy armored vehicles both from close and long distances.

Successful and failed ACS projects

Some of the most famous self-propelled guns during the war of 1939-1945 are the Soviet self-propelled guns-152 "St. John's wort" and the German "Stug" and "Jagpanther". These are examples of successful developments of this type of equipment, which not only effectively fought in battles, but also gave impetus to future technologically advanced generations of self-propelled artillery equipment. But there were also unsuccessful attempts to create a super-powerful self-propelled guns, for example, the American T-95 (PT-SAU) or the German super-heavy Maus tank, which ended in complete failure, as the designers and developers forgot that "the best is the enemy of the good."

American self-propelled guns of World War II

The T-28 "Turtle", which has the name T-95 - tank destroyer, is an American self-propelled artillery installation of a trial sample, created during the Second World War and is a tank destroyer. Some historians classify this model as a super-heavy tank. This self-propelled gun was designed since 1943, but by the end of the war, its serial production had not been launched. The only thing that the designers managed to do was to make two prototypes in 1945-1946. In terms of its mass, the T-95 tank (PT-ACS) is the second after the German Maus.

The history of the production of "Turtle"

At the end of 1943, a heavy armored vehicle development program was launched in the United States. The Americans were prompted to do this by global studies of the military situation on Western front, which showed that the allied forces may need a heavy combat vehicle that can break through complex enemy defenses.

The developers took the base of the medium tank T-23 and the electronic transmission of the heavyweight T1E1 as the basis for the future T-95 tank destroyer. Armored sheets 200 mm thick and a new 105 mm gun were installed on this basis. This weapon could penetrate and destroy almost any concrete structure.

It was planned to produce 25 such machines during the year, but the command ground forces opposed such plans and recommended that only three tank destroyers with a mechanical transmission be made. While all the bureaucratic nuances were being coordinated, by March 1945, five combat vehicles had already been ordered, whose protection had been increased to 305 mm of armor, due to which the weight of the T-95 tank destroyer (photo of the prototype is located below in the article) increased to 95 tons.

Initially, it was planned to make a tank without turrets with the ability to accommodate a crew of four. But in February 1945, the T-28 tank was renamed the T-95 self-propelled gun.

T-95 (PT-ACS): application history

By the end of the war in Europe and on the Pacific front, two combat vehicles. They had two pairs of tracks, which greatly increased their width, and a 500 horsepower engine. This, however, was very little for the movement of a super-heavy installation. Such an engine was also installed on the Pershing tank, but it was two times lighter than the Turtle. By the way, the T-95 was awarded this name. Tank destroyer - a model that was only 12-13 km / h.

Thus, this armored self-propelled gun was practically “standing”, which did not suit the army leadership, since the self-propelled guns had to be delivered to the required point only by rail. But here, too, not everything turned out well. Because of the second pair of tracks, the width of the self-propelled gun was greater than the railway platforms. In order to somehow accommodate the T-95, it was necessary to remove additional tracks, which took at least four hours.

Technology features

This tank destroyer was conceived by the developers as a powerful self-propelled artillery fortress that could “hack” any enemy without being afraid of retaliatory strikes.

It really was a fighting monster. The weight of 95 tons was distributed over four caterpillar tracks, each 33 cm wide. A 105 mm gun could penetrate almost any fortification and armor at a distance of up to 19 kilometers. But most big feature of this technique was its armor - on the frontal part of the tank it was 13 cm, on the side - 6.5 cm, and the bottom of the hull had armor of 10-15 cm.

However low speed and sluggishness did not allow the T-95 (PT-ACS) to be used in combat.

War activities various armies showed that armored vehicles should combine average characteristics both in terms of power and protection, and in terms of mobility and maneuverability. Due to the lack of precisely the last two parameters, the T-95 was rejected by the US military command.

Weaknesses of "Turtle"

In addition to the fact that this tank had significant shortcomings, the self-propelled gun, despite powerful armor, was also easily vulnerable, as technical sea trials showed. T-95 (PT-SAU) had the following penetration zones.

by the most vulnerable spot this tank destroyer is his chassis. A few hits on the tracks - and the self-propelled gun stops in place, and then do whatever you want with it. It does not have a gun turret; it cannot deploy a cannon. The self-propelled guns also do not have additional weapons, except for the Browning commander's machine gun.

Also weak point serves as side armor, the thickness of which does not exceed 65 mm. Fast maneuverable tanks and self-propelled guns of World War II could quickly outflank and rear the T-95 and inflict serious damage, leading to the death of the crew.

Another weak point of this self-propelled gun was the commander's hatch, which did not have enough powerful armor.

And the last minus "Turtles". After the war, it became clear that the power of guns and armor did not decide the outcome of the battle. The bet was not made on superheavy military equipment, but on a mobile and compact one, which could quickly change its location, strike at the enemy and just as quickly retreat back. And just to load tank destroyers onto the railway platform, it was necessary to spend about four hours, which, according to the conditions modern wars just an unaffordable luxury. Such equipment can be destroyed even at the stage of loading.

Technical parameters of the self-propelled guns "Turtles" T-28 (T-95)

• The weight of the equipped combat vehicle of the first design is 86 tons, after the second design - 95 tons.
• Crew - four people.
• The length of the self-propelled gun is about 7.5 m, the width is 4.5 m, and the height is about 3 meters.
• Clearance - 50 cm.
• The thickness of the frontal part is 30-31 cm.
• The thickness of the sides is 6.5 cm, and the stern is 5 cm.
• Caliber of the main gun - 105 mm, additional commander's machine gun - 12.7 mm.
• Engine power - 500 l. with.
• The travel reserve on the road is 160 kilometers.

What happened to the only T-95 models?

Work on these self-propelled guns was stopped in 1947, as they began to design on their basis heavy tanks T-29 and T-30 with gun turrets.

The only prototypes of super-heavy tank destroyers that never took part in real combat battles ended their days in a sad way: one model burned out completely from the inside during a fire so that it could no longer be restored, and the second simply broke down and was written off for scrap metal.

After 27 years, the decommissioned prototype was found in the aftermath of the restoration, it was put on display at the popular Patton Museum (Kentucky).

Results

The result of the review of the Turtle self-propelled guns shows us that each type of armored vehicle must correspond to its time.

According to its characteristics, the American T-95 was an excellent machine before the start of World War II, but with the development of weapons, it catastrophically lagged behind the main types of armored and artillery troops, not only of its allies, but also of potential opponents. It was economically unprofitable to continue working on a backward project, so it was closed.

Studying the negative experience of past years, modern designers of military equipment are trying to design weapons in such a way that they meet the requirements of the war and fulfill the assigned combat missions to the maximum.