AK74: purpose, combat properties and general arrangement of the machine gun, the principle of operation of automation; order of incomplete disassembly and assembly. AK74: purpose, combat properties and general arrangement of the machine gun, the principle of operation of automation; partial disassembly and assembly procedure

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Components of the AK-74 assault rifle

and their purpose of the part

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………

1. 1947 KALASHNIKOV AUTOMATIC………………………………...

2. KALASHNIKOV AK-74 AKS-74 AK-74M (USSR - RUSSIA) ………..

CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………………..

INTRODUCTION

Decision on the need to translate the main small arms for an intermediate cartridge was adopted in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Such a cartridge was created by 1943, and under it the development of a whole family of small arms was started, including a self-loading carbine (SKS), an assault rifle and a light machine gun (RPD). Several designers and teams were involved in the development of automatic weapons on a competitive basis, and among them was a young sergeant M. T. Kalashnikov, who worked at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant (IZHMASH). In 1946, Kalashnikov, along with other participants, submitted his own model of an assault rifle to the competition, where he showed good results. For the second stage of the competition, held in 1947, Kalashnikov pretty much redesigned his machine gun, and in a modified form it was recommended for adoption. After initial military trials in 1949, the Kalashnikov assault rifle was officially adopted as the "7.62mm Kalashnikov assault rifle, model 1947", or simply AK (sometimes also referred to as AK-47).

1. 1947 Kalashnikov assault rifle

Creation

One of the myths associated with the AK says that Kalashnikov "copied" the AK from german machine gun MP-43, also known as Stg.44. Indeed, at first glance, the external layout of the AK and MP-43 is similar, as is the concept of automatic weapons chambered for an intermediate cartridge. Similar outlines of the barrel, front sight and gas outlet tube are due to the use of a similar gas outlet engine (invented long before Schmeisser and Kalashnikov). Disassembly of AK and MP-43 differs fundamentally: the cover is removed from the AK receiver, in the MP-43, the trigger box folds down on the pin along with the fire control handle. The device for locking the barrel is also different (a rotary shutter for AKs against a skewed shutter for the MP-43) and trigger mechanisms. It is likely that Kalashnikov knew about the MP-43, but it is obvious that when creating his machine gun, he was more guided by other well-known samples and systems. The main merit of Kalashnikov (or rather, of his entire team involved in the development and debugging of the machine gun) is precisely the optimal layout of already known and proven solutions in single pattern that meets the given requirements.

early production version of the AK with a combined stamped/milled receiver

Modified AK arr. 1947 (mid-1950s issue) with a fully milled receiver.

2. KALASHNIKOV AK-74 AKS-74 AK-74M (USSR - RUSSIA)

The development of individual small arms over the past 200 years has been accompanied by a periodic but steady decrease in the caliber of these weapons, associated with the development of technologies in the production of both weapons and ammunition for them. So, by the middle of the 19th century, 0.4 - 0.5 inches (10 - 12.7 mm) was considered a common caliber for long-barreled weapons. In the last twenty years of the 19th century, a transition began to weapons of reduced caliber, usually on the order of 0.3 inches (7.62mm or so, in the 7-8mm range). Already in the first half of the 20th century, repeated attempts were made to further reduce the caliber of weapons to 7 millimeters or less, as well as to reduce the power of regular rifle ammunition, especially after the appearance of automatic weapons. Starting from the Second World War, ammunition of reduced power (intermediate) began to appear in the armies of the world, however, having a standard rifle caliber of 7.62 - 8 mm (German 7.92x33mm, Soviet 7.62x39mm). The Americans were the first to seriously tackle the problem of reducing the caliber of their rifles, adopting in the mid-1960s assault rifle M16A1. Once practical experience Americans confirmed the possibility and usefulness of a further reduction in calibers (theoretically, this need had been repeatedly substantiated before), full-scale work in this direction began in other countries, including the USSR. From the second half of the 1960s, 5.6mm caliber cartridges were developed on the basis of the standard 7.62x39mm cartridge, and by the beginning of the 1970s a new 5.45mm caliber cartridge was developed, which had an elongated bullet with a combined steel and lead core and a cavity in the nose. The initial velocity of the bullet was about 900 m / s, total weight cartridge 10.2 grams, 6 grams less than the mass of the cartridge 7.62x39mm (16.2 g), which, with a portable ammunition load of only 8 magazines (240 rounds), saves 1.4 kg in weight. The new cartridge also had a significantly flatter bullet trajectory, which provided a greater range of almost 100 meters for a direct shot. Due to the design features of the bullet, when it hit the body, it should have begun to tumble, inflicting more severe wounds than usual, but according to some reports, this does not always happen.

As the initial weapon for the new cartridge, it was decided to use the Kalashnikov assault rifle and light machine gun, already tested and mastered in production and service, with a minimum necessary changes, and in the future to develop and adopt a more advanced weapon system for a new cartridge. In 1974, the USSR Armed Forces adopted a 5.45 mm caliber weapon system, consisting of an AK-74 assault rifle (basic version), an AKS-74 assault rifle (version with a folding butt for the Airborne Forces) and light machine gun RPK-74. In the late 1970s, the shortened AKS-74U assault rifle was also adopted.

General view of the Kalashnikov assault rifle: a - with a permanent butt (AK-74); b - with a folding butt and grenade launcher(AKS-74); in - with a folding butt, shortened (AKS-74U)

Being an individual weapon, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons. Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 15 shots) bursts and continuously. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine. For shooting and observation at night, a night shooting sight is attached to the machine gun. The machine gun can be used in combination with the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. The Kalashnikov assault rifle has received wide recognition, it is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities.

The combat properties of the AK-74 assault rifle:

Barrel caliber, mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.45

Sighting range, m. . . . . . . . . . . .1000

The initial speed of the bullet, m / s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900

Bullet lethal range, m. . . . . . . . . . 1350

Combat rate of fire, rds / min:

when shooting bursts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 100

when firing single shots. . . . . . . .up to 40

Rate of fire, rds / min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Direct shot range, m:

on the chest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

running figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Magazine capacity, cartridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . thirty

Weight with equipped magazine, kg. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6

Weight of a bayonet-knife with a scabbard, g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

General device. The assault rifle consists of the following main parts and mechanisms: a barrel with a receiver, sighting device, stock and pistol grip; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with a handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop. In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines.

The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber. When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt into the rear position. When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt is unlocked, with its help the sleeve is removed from the chamber and thrown out, the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger.

The main parts and mechanisms of the AK-74 assault rifle: 1 - barrel with receiver, sighting device and butt; 2 - muzzle brake compensator; 3 - receiver cover; 4 - return mechanism; 5 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 6 - shutter; 7 - gas tube with a handguard; 8 - ramrod; 9 - forearm; 10 - store; 11 - accessory case; 12 - bayonet

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, with the help of the bolt the next cartridge is sent from the magazine to the chamber and the barrel bore is closed, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter go beyond the lugs of the receiver.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to do next shot release the trigger and pull it again.

Trunkserves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet rotary motion.

Barrel: a - general form; b - section of the trunk; 1 - sight block; 2 - coupling; 3 - gas chamber; 4 - gas outlet; 5 - front sight base; 6 - thread; 7 - field; 8 - rifling

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base with a thread for screwing in a muzzle brake-compensator and bushings for firing blank cartridges, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

Muzzle brake compensatorserves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy. It has two chambers: front and rear (with a round hole in them for the bullet to fly out).

Receiverdesigned to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, close the bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.

receiver coverprotects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

sighting deviceserves to aim the machine at the target when firing at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight. The sight includes a sight block, a lamellar spring, an aiming level and a collar. On the aiming bar of the sight there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the prescribed firing range in hundreds of meters, and the letter "P" indicates the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to the sight 3. The front sight is screwed into a rail, which is fixed at the base of the front sight.

Stock and pistol gripprovide comfort when shooting.

Bolt carrier with gas pistondesigned to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism. The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Return mechanismdesigned to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

Gas tube with handguarddirects the movement of the gas piston and protects the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing.

With the help of the trigger mechanism, the trigger is released from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strikes the striker, provides automatic or single fire, and stops firing; in addition, it is designed to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine to safety.

handguardserves for convenience of actions with the machine gun and for protection of hands of the machine gunner from burns.

Scoredesigned to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knifeattaches to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

live cartridgeconsists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and capsule. 5.45mm cartridges are available with regular and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted green. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

Cartridge: a - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core; b - cartridge with a tracer bullet; c - blank cartridge; g - training cartridge

AK-74M. Most new version, adopted Russian Army in the early 1990s. It differs from the later AK-74s with a side-folding plastic buttstock and a rail for mounting sights on the left side of the receiver.

CONCLUSION

The advantages of AK are known to all. This is exceptional reliability even in the most difficult operating conditions, unpretentious maintenance, ease of use and maintenance, low cost.

In general, the AK can be described as an ideal weapon, which is not surprising - it was created on the basis of the very harsh experience of the Great Patriotic War.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Babak F.K. Fundamentals of small arms / Series: Arsenal. St. Petersburg: Publisher: Polygon, 2003 - 254 p.

2. Blagovestov A. I. That, from which they shoot in the CIS. Handbook of small arms. M.: Harvest, 2004 - 656 p.

3. Volkovsky N. L. Encyclopedia modern weapons and military equipment. M.: AST, Polygon, 2005 - 952 p.

4. Günter Wollert, Rainer Lidshun, Wilfried Copenhagen Small arms today. Illustrated encyclopedia. / Series: Weapons of the XX century. 1945 - 1985. M.: Potpourri, 2003 - 464 p.

5. Zhuk A. B. Encyclopedia of small arms. M.: AST, Ermak, 2004 - 800 p.

6. Hogg Jan. AT., Vicks John With. Encyclopedia small weapons. / Military Small Arms of the 20th Century.M.: AST, Astrel, 2005 - 416 p.

QUESTIONS

ON FIRE PREPARATION:

VUS-093500

Question number 1: "Appointment, performance characteristics and the main parts of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74)"

Answer:

Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74 is an individual firearm, automatic small arms and is used to destroy enemy manpower with single fire and a burst at a distance of up to 1000 meters.

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AK-74 AUTOMATIC.

MAIN PARTS OF THE KALASHNIKOV AK-74

1. Barrel with receiver and sight, pistol grip and stock.

2. Shop.

3. Pencil case with accessories.

4. Cover of the receiver.

5. Return mechanism.

6. Bolt carrier with gas piston.

7. Shutter.

8. Gas tube with handguard.

10. bayonet

Question number 2: "Appointment, performance characteristics and main parts of the Makarov pistol (PM)"

Answer:

9mm Makarov pistol(Fig. 1) - self-loading pistol compact class. It is an individual weapon of attack and defense and serves to defeat the enemy at short distances.

Rice. 1. General view of the 9mm Makarov pistol

PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

MAIN PARTS OF THE GUN

1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard.

2. Bolt with striker, fuse and ejector .

3. Return spring.

4. Handle with screw.

5. Shutter lag.

6. Shop.

7. Trigger mechanism (trigger, trigger rod with cocking lever, sear with spring, trigger, mainspring, mainspring valve).

Question number 3: "The purpose of the parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74)"

Answer:

Purpose of parts and mechanisms Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74).

Trunk- serves to direct the flight of the bullet and give it rotational motion.

Flash hider (muzzle brake-compensator)- serves to reduce the fire effect on the muzzle cut.

gas chamber- serves to direct the powder gases to the gas piston.

Receiver- serves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, their interaction, closing the bore with a bolt and locking the bolt.

sighting device- serves to aim the machine at the target.

receiver cover- serves to protect the trigger mechanism from mechanical damage.

Bolt carrier with gas piston- serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.

Bolt with striker and ejector- serves to send a cartridge into the chamber, lock the bore when fired, eject the spent cartridge case and strike the primer.

Return mechanism- serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the extreme forward position.

Gas tube with handguard- serves to direct the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns during firing.

trigger mechanism- serves to pull the trigger from a combat platoon; striking a striker; providing automatic or single fire; stop shooting; prevention of shots when the bore is not locked and the safety is on.

handguard- serves to hold weapons and protect hands from burns.

Score- serves to place and feed cartridges into the receiver.

Trigger- serves to hold the trigger on the cocking and its descent.

fire translator- serves to install the machine on automatic or single fire or on the fuse.

Purpose and combat properties. The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74) is the main type of automatic small arms in Armed Forces Republic of Belarus (Fig. 34).

Rice. 34. General view of the Kalashnikov assault rifle: a - with a permanent butt (AK-74); b - with a folding butt and an underbarrel grenade launcher (AKS-74); in - with a folding butt, shortened (AKS-74U)

Being an individual weapon, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons. Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 15 shots) bursts and continuously. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation at night, a night shooting sight is attached to the machine gun. The machine gun can be used in combination with the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. The Kalashnikov assault rifle has received wide recognition, it is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities.

The combat properties of the AK-74 assault rifle:

• Barrel caliber, mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.45
• Sighting range, m. . . . . . . . . . . .1000
• The initial speed of the bullet, m / s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
• Bullet lethal range, m. . . . . . . . . . 1350

Combat rate of fire, rds / min:

• when shooting bursts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 100
• when firing single shots. . . . . . . .up to 40
• Rate of fire, rds / min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Direct shot range, m:

• on the chest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
• running figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
• Magazine capacity, cartridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . thirty
• Weight with equipped magazine, kg. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
• Weight of a bayonet-knife with a scabbard, g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

General device. The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 35): a barrel with a receiver, an aiming device, a butt and a pistol grip; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop. In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines.

The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber. When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt into the rear position. When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt is unlocked, with its help the sleeve is removed from the chamber and thrown out, the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger.

Rice. 35. The main parts and mechanisms of the AK-74 assault rifle: 1 - barrel with receiver, sighting device and butt; 2 - muzzle brake compensator; 3 - receiver cover; 4 - return mechanism; 5 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 6 - shutter; 7 - gas tube with a handguard; 8 - ramrod; 9 - forearm; 10 - shop; 11 - accessory case; 12 - bayonet

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, with the help of the bolt the next cartridge is sent from the magazine to the chamber and the barrel bore is closed, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter go beyond the lugs of the receiver.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

If the translator is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to make the next shot, you must release the trigger and pull it again.

(Fig. 36) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion.

Rice. 36. Trunk: a - general view; b - section of the trunk; 1 - sight block; 2 - coupling; 3 - gas chamber; 4 - gas outlet; 5 - front sight base; 6 - thread; 7 - field; 8 - rifling

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base with a thread for screwing in a muzzle brake-compensator and bushings for firing blank cartridges, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

Muzzle brake compensator serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy. It has two chambers: front and rear (with a round hole in them for the bullet to fly out).

Receiver designed to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, close the bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.

receiver cover protects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

sighting device serves to aim the machine at a target when firing at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight. The sight includes a sight block, a lamellar spring, an aiming level and a collar. On the aiming bar of the sight there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the prescribed firing range in hundreds of meters, and the letter "P" indicates the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to the sight 3. The front sight is screwed into a rail, which is fixed at the base of the front sight.

Stock and pistol grip provide comfort when shooting.

Bolt carrier with gas piston designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism. The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Return mechanism designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

Gas tube with handguard directs the movement of the gas piston and protects the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing.

With the help of the trigger mechanism, the trigger is released from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strikes the striker, provides automatic or single fire, and stops firing; in addition, it is designed to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine to safety.

handguard serves for convenience of actions with the machine gun and for protection of hands of the machine gunner from burns.

Score designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knife attaches to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

live cartridge consists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and primer. 5.45 mm cartridges (fig. 37) are produced with ordinary and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted green. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

Rice. 37. Cartridge: a - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core; b - cartridge with a tracer bullet; c - blank cartridge; g - training cartridge

1. Tell us about the purpose and combat properties of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.
2. Name the main parts and mechanisms of the machine.
3. What is the purpose of the main parts and mechanisms of the machine?

Chapter III

PURPOSE, DEVICE OF PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF THE AUTOMATIC (MACHINE GUN) KALASHNIKOV, ACCESSORIES AND CARTRIDGES

Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun) Kalashnikov

11. Barrel(Fig. 27) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion. The gaps between the grooves are called fields. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) is called the caliber of the bore; for a machine gun (machine gun) it is 5.45 mm. In the breech, the channel is smooth and made in the shape of a cartridge case; this part of the channel serves to place the cartridge and is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base for a machine gun with a thread (for a machine gun, a thread on the muzzle) for screwing a muzzle brake-compensator on a machine gun (for a machine gun-flash suppressor) and

Rice. 27. Barrel: a - external view of the barrel of the machine gun; b - external view of the barrel of the machine gun; c - breech section; d - section of the barrel; 1 - rifled part; 2 - bullet entry; 3 - chamber; 4 - front sight base; 5 - gas chamber; 6 - coupling; 7 - sight block; 8 - recess for the barrel pin; 9 - thread; 10 - bipod base; 11 - eye ring Rice. 28. Muzzle brake compensator and flash hider: a - muzzle brake-compensator; b - flame arrester; 1 - rim; 2 - windows; 3 - slot; 4 - compensation holes; 5 - recess for the latch; 6 - bevel; 7 - internal thread Rice. 29. Base of the front sight: a - machine gun; b - machine gun; 1 - emphasis with a recess for a ramrod; 2 - stop for a bayonet-knife with a hole for a ramrod; 3- skid with a front sight; 4- front sight fuse; 5 - lock; 6 - thread for screwing the muzzle brake-compensator (flame hider)

bushings for firing blank cartridges, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section. The base of the front sight, the gas chamber and the block of the sight are fixed to the barrel with pins. The machine gun, in addition, on the front of the barrel has a bipod base for attaching a bipod to the barrel with a hole for a ramrod and a ring with an eye to increase the reliability of fastening the ramrod. Muzzle brake-compensator machine (Fig. 28) serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy. It has two chambers: front and rear (with a round hole in them for the bullet to fly out). The front chamber has a rim, on which a bayonet-knife ring is put on when it is attached to the machine gun, a rectangular groove into which the protrusion of the bayonet-knife enters, and two windows for the exit of powder gases. The rear chamber has two slots in front, and in the middle part - three compensation holes for the exit of powder gases. At the back, the muzzle brake compensator has an internal thread for screwing onto the base of the front sight, a recess into which the retainer enters and a circular bevel that facilitates the insertion and removal of the ramrod. Machine gun flash hider serves to reduce the size of the flame when fired. It has a thread for screwing onto the barrel, five recesses for the latch and five longitudinal slots for the release of gases. Front sight base(Fig. 29) has a stop with a notch for a ramrod, a hole for a front sight slide, a front sight guard and a retainer with a spring. The latch keeps the muzzle brake-compensator (flash suppressor) and the sleeve for firing blank cartridges from screwing. The machine, in addition, on the basis of the front sight has an emphasis for attaching a bayonet-knife with a hole for a ramrod. gas chamberserves to direct powder gases from the barrel to the gas piston of the bolt carrier. It has a gas outlet, a branch pipe with a channel for a gas piston and holes for the exit of powder gases. Coupling serves to attach the forearm to the machine gun (machine gun). It has a forearm lock, a swivel for a belt and a hole for a ramrod. The barrel is connected to the receiver by means of a pin and is not separated from it. 12. Receiver (fig. 30) serves for

Rice. 30. Receiver: 1 - cutouts; 2 - reflective protrusion; 3 - limbs; 4 - guide ledge; 5 - jumper; 6 - longitudinal groove; 7 - transverse groove; 8 - magazine latch; 9 - trigger guard; 10 - pistol grip; 11 - butt

connection of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun), to ensure the closing of the bore by the bolt and locking the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid. The receiver has: · inside - cutouts for locking the bolt, the rear walls of which are lugs; limbs and guides for guiding the movement of the bolt carrier and bolt; reflective protrusion to reflect the sleeves; jumper for fastening the side walls; a ledge for the hook of the store and one oval ledge on the side walls for the direction of the store;

· at the top rear - grooves: longitudinal - for the heel of the guide rod of the return mechanism and transverse - for the receiver cover; tail with a hole for attaching the butt to the receiver;

· in the side walls - four holes each, three of them for the axes of the firing mechanism, and the fourth for the pins of the translator; on the right wall - two fixing recesses for setting the translator on automatic (AB) and single (OD) fire;

· below - a window for the store and a window for the trigger.

The machine with a folding butt, in addition, has holes for the latch and the latch of the butt (Fig. 33).

Rice. 31. Sight: a - automatic; b - machine gun; 1 - sight block; 2 - sector; 3 - aiming bar; 4 - collar; 5 - mane of the aiming bar; 6 - clamp latch; 7 - rear sight screw handwheel; 8 - rear sight

In a machine gun with a folding buttstock, the receiver has a socket at the back for a left latch with a spring holding the stock in the folded position; on the right wall - a cutout for the right latch of the butt and a hole for pressing the right latch when it is recessed; on the left wall - an eye for attaching the butt and a hole for the front end of the left latch (Fig. 34 and 35). Attached to the receiver: a stock with a swivel, a pistol grip and a trigger guard with a magazine latch. For assault rifles (machine guns) with night sights, a bar is attached to the left side wall for attaching a night sight. 13. Sighting device serves to aim the machine gun (machine gun) when firing at targets at various ranges. It consists of a sight and a front sight. Aim(Fig. 31) consists of a sight block, a leaf spring, an aiming bar and a collar. Sight blockhas two sectors for giving the aiming bar a certain height, eyelets for attaching the aiming bar, holes for the pin and gas tube lock; inside - a socket for a leaf spring and a cavity for a bolt carrier; on the back wall - a semicircular cutout for the cover of the receiver.

The sight block is put on the barrel and secured with a pin.

leaf spring is placed in the socket of the sight block and holds the aiming bar in the given position.

aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts to hold the collar in the installed position by means of a latch with a spring. On the aiming bar (for a machine gun - from above, for a machine gun - from above and below) there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10; scale numbers indicate firing ranges in hundreds of meters.

The machine gun, in addition, has the letter “P” on the aiming bar - a permanent setting of the sight, approximately corresponding to sight 4 (firing range 440 m).

At the machine gun, the aiming bar has a socket for the rear sight and at risk; on the wall of the nest of the rear sight there is a scale with ten divisions; each of which corresponds to two thousandths of the firing range.

Rear sightthe machine gun has a mane with a slot for aiming, a screw with a handwheel, a spring, a washer and a pin.

Clampput on the aiming bar and held in position by a latch. The latch has a tooth, which, under the action of a spring, jumps into the cutout of the aiming bar.

front sightscrewed into the runner, which is fixed at the base of the front sight. On the track and on the base of the front sight there are risks that determine the position of the front sight.

Attached to the machine gun (machine gun) device for shooting at night and in conditions of limited visibility(self-luminous nozzles). It consists of a folding rear sight with a wide slot, mounted on the mane of the aiming bar, and a wide front sight, put on top of the front sight of the weapon. Self-luminous dots are applied on the rear sight and front sight of the device.

In the device of the new sample, self-luminous stripes are applied: two horizontally located - on the rear sight and one vertically - on the front sight.

A device for shooting at night is installed on an automatic machine gun (machine gun) and verified when it enters the troops and is not separated from it during operation.

The combat of a weapon when firing with a fixture is basically the same as with an open sight. In the event of a significant deviation of the midpoint of impact in height, it is necessary to fix the weapon in the sighting machine, aim at the target and select the rear sight so that the aiming line with the open sight and the device coincide.

When shooting during the day, the rear sight and front sight of the device recline down. In this position, they do not interfere with the use of the sighting device of the machine gun (machine gun).

When firing at night and in conditions of limited visibility, the rear sight of the device turns up until it touches the mane of the aiming bar, and the front sight of the device moves up along the spring and is put on the front sight.

Rice. 32. Receiver cover: 1 - stepped cut; 2 - hole; 3 - rebracing

14. Receiver cover (Fig. 32) protects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination. On the right side, it has a stepped cutout for the passage of ejected shells and for the movement of the bolt carrier handle; at the back - a hole for the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism. The cover is held on the receiver by means of a semicircular cutout on the sight block, the transverse groove of the receiver and the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism.

15. Stock and pistol grip serve for the convenience of the operation of the machine gun (machine gun) when firing.

The permanent buttstock of AK74, AK74N assault rifles (Fig. 33) and RPK74, RPK74N machine guns (Fig. 34) has a swivel for a belt, a socket for an accessory case and a butt plate with a lid over the socket. In the nest of the butt, a spring is strengthened for pushing out the pencil case. The permanent butt of the machine gun can be wooden or plastic (for the machine gun - wooden).

The folding buttstock of the AKS74 and AKS74N assault rifles consists of an upper and lower rod, a butt plate, a clip and a tip, connected into one piece by welding. On the right side of the butt on the clip there is a swivel for a belt. In the folded position, the butt is held by a latch, and in the folded position, by a latch.

Rice. 33. The butt and pistol grip of the machine: a - a permanent (wooden) butt (in section); b - folding butt in the reclined position; c- folding stock in the folded position; 1 - swivel for a belt; 2 - socket for an accessory case; 3 - butt plate; 4 - cover; 5 - spring for pushing out the accessory case; 6 - butt lock; 7 - butt latch; 8 - top link; 9 - lower link; 10- clip; 11 - tip; 12 - axis; 13 - pistol grip; 14 - strap for attaching a night sight Rice. 35. Folding the butt of a machine gun: 1 - butt; 2- receiver; 3 - pistol grip; 4 - hole in the wall of the receiver

Rice. 34. Butt and pistol grip machine gun: a - a permanent butt (in the section); b - a folding butt (in the folded position); 1 - swivel for a belt; 2 - socket for accessories; 3 - butt plate; 4 - cover; 5 - spring for pushing out the accessory case; 6 - protrusion of the butt with ears; 7 - eye of the receiver; 8 - right latch of the butt with a spring; 9 - rear part of the left latch with a notch; 10 - latch spring; 11 - cutout for the right butt latch; 12- pistol grip Rice. 36. Machine gun bipod: 1 - bipod base; 2 - legs; 3 - spring; 4 - ledge; 5 - skid; 6 - spring fastener

To fold the butt, it is necessary to drown the latch (in this case, the latch will disengage from the butt tip) and turn the butt to the left around the axis until the butt is secured with a latch located on the left wall of the receiver.

To recline the butt, you need to pull the latch back and turn the butt to the right until it is secured with a latch.

The folding butt of the RPKS74 and RPKS74N machine guns, in addition to the machine gun specified for the permanent butt, has a protrusion for the right butt latch holding the butt in the folded position, lugs for attaching the butt to the receiver, and for the RPKS74N, it also has a recess, which includes a strap for attaching a night sight when the butt is folded.

To fold the butt, it is necessary to drown the right latch of the butt with a punch or a cartridge bullet through the hole in the right wall of the receiver (Fig. 35) and turn the butt to the left until it is secured with the left latch in the folded position.

To recline the butt, you need to press the back of the latch with a notch to the left with your finger and turn the butt to the right until it is secured by the right latch.

16. Machine gun bipod(Fig. 36) serves as an emphasis when shooting. It has a base, two legs with skids for resting on the ground and protrusions for fixing the legs in the folded position, a spring for spreading the legs, a spring fastener on the left leg for fastening the legs in the folded position. The bipod is not separated from the machine gun.

17. Bolt carrier with gas piston(Fig. 37) serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.

Rice. 37. Bolt frame with gas piston: 1 - channel for the shutter; 2 - safety ledge; 3 - protrusion for lowering the self-timer lever; 4 - groove for bending the receiver; 5 - handle; 6 - figured cutout; 7 - groove for the reflective protrusion; 8 - gas piston Rice. 38. Shutter: a ~ shutter core; b- drummer; in - ejector; 1 - cutout for the sleeve; 2-cutout for the ejector; 3- leading protrusion; 4- hole for the ejector axis; 5 - combat ledge; 6 - longitudinal groove for a reflective ledge; 7 - ejector spring; 8 ~ ejector axis; 9-hairpin

The shutter frame has: inside - a channel for the return mechanism, and a channel for the shutter; rear - safety ledge; on the sides - grooves for the movement of the bolt frame along the limbs of the receiver; on the right side - a ledge for lowering (turning) the self-timer lever and a handle for reloading the machine gun (machine gun); below - a figured cutout for placing the leading protrusion of the shutter in it and a groove for the passage of the reflective protrusion of the receiver. A gas piston is fixed in front of the bolt frame. 18. Shutter(Fig. 38) serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber. It consists of a core, a drummer, an ejector with a spring and an axis, and a stud. shutter framehas: on the front cut - a cylindrical cutout for the bottom of the sleeve and a groove for the ejector; on the sides - two lugs, which, when the bolt is locked, go into the cutouts of the receiver; on top - a leading ledge for turning the shutter when locking and unlocking; on the left side - a longitudinal groove for the passage of the reflective protrusion of the receiver (the groove at the end is expanded to ensure the rotation of the bolt when locking); in the thickened part of the shutter body there are holes for the ejector axis and studs. Inside the frame of the shutter has a channel for placing the drummer.

Drummerhas a striker and a ledge for a hairpin.

Ejectorwith a spring serves to remove the sleeve from the chamber and hold it until it meets the reflective protrusion of the receiver. The ejector has a hook for gripping the sleeve, a socket for the spring and a cutout for the axle.

Hairpinserves to secure the drummer and the ejector axis.

Rice. 39. Return mechanism: 1 - return spring; 2 - guide rod; 3 - movable rod; 4 - coupling Rice. 40. Gas tube with handguard: 1- gas tube; 2 - guide ribs for the gas piston; 3 - front coupling; 4 - handguard; 5 - rear coupling; 6 - protrusion; 7 - leaf spring Rice. 41. Parts of the firing mechanism: A - trigger; b - mainspring; c - trigger; d- whisper of a single fire; d- self-timer; e- self-timer spring; g- translator; h - axes; i - spring whispered a single fire; k - trigger retarder; l - trigger retarder spring; m - tubular axis; 1 - combat platoon; 2 - self-timer cocking; 3 - curved ends; 4 - loop; 5- figured protrusion; 6 - rectangular ledges; 7 - tail; 8 - cutout; 9 - sear; 10 - lever; 11 - latch; 12 - front ledge; 13 - sector; 14 - trunnion

19. Return mechanism (Fig. 39). serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position. It consists of a return spring, a guide rod, a movable rod and a clutch. guide rod has a spring stop at the rear end, a heel with protrusions for connection with the receiver and a protrusion for holding the receiver cover. Movable rod at the front end has bends for putting on the clutch. 20. Gas tube with handguard (Fig. 40) consists of a gas tube, front and rear couplings, a handguard, a metal half ring and a leaf spring. gas tubeserves to guide the movement of the gas piston. It has guide ribs. The front end of the gas tube is put on the branch pipe of the gas chamber. barrel pad serves to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns when firing. It can be wooden or plastic for a machine gun (wooden for a machine gun) and has a groove in which a metal semi-ring is fixed, pressing the handguard off the gas tube (this prevents the lining from rolling when the wood dries out). The handguard is attached to the gas tube by means of front and rear couplings; the rear coupling has a protrusion against which the gas pipe contactor rests; leaf spring eliminates the longitudinal pitching of the tube. 21. Trigger mechanism (Fig. 41) serves to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, striking the firing pin, ensuring automatic or single fire, stopping firing, preventing shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine gun (machine gun) on safety.

The trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver, where it is attached with three interchangeable axles, and consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single-fire whisper with a spring, a self-timer with a spring, a translator and a tubular axis.

triggerwith a mainspring is used to strike the drummer. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger,

trigger retarder serves to slow down the forward movement of the trigger in order to improve the accuracy of combat when firing from stable positions. It has front and rear lugs, axle hole, spring and latch.

Trigger serves to hold the trigger on the cocking and to pull the trigger. It has a figured protrusion, a hole for the axle, rectangular protrusions and a tail. With his figured protrusion, he keeps the trigger on the cocking.

Single Fire Whisper serves to hold the trigger after a shot in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. It is on the same axis as the trigger. The sear of a single fire has a spring, a hole for the axis and a cutout, which includes the interpreter sector when conducting automatic fire and stops the sear. In addition, the notch limits the sector to rotate forward when the translator is on the safety lock.

Self-timerserves to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked. It has a sear for holding the trigger while the self-timer is cocked, a lever for turning the self-timer with a lug of the bolt carrier when it approaches the forward position, and a spring.

On the same axis with the self-timer is its spring. Its short end is connected to the self-timer, and its long end runs along the left wall of the receiver and enters the annular grooves on the axes of the self-timer, trigger and trigger, keeping the axes from falling out.

Rice. 42. Handguard (wooden): 1 - finger rest; 2 - ledge; 3 - leaf spring; 4 - hole for ramrod Rice. 43. Shop: 1- housing; 2- cover; 3- locking bar; 4- spring; 5 - feeder; 6 - support ledge; 7 - hook

Interpreterserves to install the machine gun (machine gun) on automatic or single fire, as well as on the fuse. It has a sector with trunnions that fit into the holes in the walls of the receiver. The lower position of the translator corresponds to setting it to a single fire (OD), the middle position to automatic fire (AB) and the upper position to the fuse. 22. Handguard(Fig. 42) serves for the convenience of action and to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns. It can be wooden or plastic for a machine gun (wooden for a machine gun). The fore-end is attached to the barrel from below using a coupling and to the receiver - by means of a protrusion that enters the socket of the receiver. In the body of the forearm there is a through hole for a ramrod. At the rear of the forearm there are cutouts and a notch into which the leaf spring is placed. The spring serves to eliminate the pitching of the forearm. The cutouts on the handguard and handguard form windows for cooling the barrel and gas tube when firing. The plastic handguard has a metal shield designed to reduce the heat of the handguard when firing.

23. Shop(Fig. 43) serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver. It consists of a plastic body, a cover, a locking plate, a spring and a feeder.

The magazine body connects all parts of the magazine; its side walls have bends on top (on the neck) to keep the cartridges from falling out and protrusions that limit the rise of the feeder; on the front wall there is a hook, and on the back - a support ledge, through which the magazine is attached to the receiver. On the back wall of the case at the bottom there is a control hole for determining the completeness of the magazine's equipment with cartridges.

From below the case is closed by a cover. The cover has a hole for the protrusion of the locking bar.

A feeder and a spring with a locking bar are placed inside the housing. The feeder is held at the upper end of the spring by means of an internal fold on the right wall of the feeder; the feeder has a protrusion that provides a staggered arrangement of cartridges in the magazine. The locking bar is permanently attached to the lower end of the spring and, with its protrusion, keeps the magazine cover from moving.

Rice. 44. Bayonet: a - blade; b - handle; 1 - cutting edge; 2 - saw; 3- sharpened edge; 4- hole; 5 - belt; 6 - ring; 7 - belt hook; 8 - metal tip; 9 - connecting screw; 10 - longitudinal grooves; 11 - latch Rice. 45. Scabbard: 1 - pendant with a loop-fastener and a carabiner; 2- plastic case; 3 - protrusion axis; 4 - emphasis; 5 - leaf spring retainer Rice. 46. ​​Affiliation: 1 - ramrod; 2 - wiping; 3 - brush; 4 - screwdriver; 5 - punch; 6 - pencil case; 7 - cover; 8 - oiler; 9 - clip; 10- adapter

24. Bayonet(Fig. 44) is attached to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle. In addition, it is used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). The wires of the lighting network must be cut one at a time, after removing the belt from the bayonet-knife and the pendant from the sheath. When cutting the wire, make sure that your hands do not touch the metal surface of the bayonet-knife and scabbard. Making passages in electrified wire obstacles with a bayonet-knife not allowed. The bayonet-knife consists of a blade and a handle. on the bladethere is a cutting edge, a saw, a sharpened edge, which, in combination with a scabbard, is used as scissors, a hole into which a protrusion-axis of the scabbard is inserted. Leverserves for the convenience of action and for adjoining the bayonet-knife to the machine. There is a belt on the handle for easy handling of the bayonet-knife; front - ring and ledge for attachment to muzzle brake compensator and belt hook; behind a metal lug with a connecting screw. There are longitudinal grooves on the tip, with which the bayonet is put on the corresponding projections on the base of the front sight, a latch, a safety protrusion and a hole for the belt. Sheath(Fig. 45) are used to carry a bayonet-knife on the waist belt. In addition, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire. The scabbard has a suspension with a loop, a protrusion-axis, an emphasis to limit the rotation of the bayonet-knife when it acts like scissors; inside the scabbard there is a leaf spring with a Lock to keep the bayonet-knife from falling out. Belonging to the machine gun (machine gun) 25. Belonging (Fig. 46) serves for disassembly, assembly, cleaning, lubrication of the machine gun (machine gun) and accelerated loading of the magazine with cartridges. Accessories include: a ramrod, a wipe, a brush, a screwdriver, a punch, a pencil case, an oiler, clips and an adapter.

Ramrodused for cleaning and lubricating the barrel bore, as well as the channels and cavities of machine gun (machine gun) parts. It has a head with a punch hole, a thread for screwing a wipe or a brush.

Rubbingused for cleaning and lubricating the bore, channels and cavities of other parts of the machine gun (machine gun). It has an internal thread for screwing onto a ramrod and a slot for rags or tow.

brushused to clean the bore with RFS solution.

Screwdriver and punch used for disassembly and assembly of the machine gun (machine gun). The cutout at the end of the screwdriver is designed for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight, and the side cutout is for fixing the wipe on the ramrod. For ease of use, a screwdriver is inserted into the side holes of the case. When cleaning the bore, a screwdriver is inserted into the case over the head of the ramrod.

Pencil caseserves for storage of rubbing, a brush, a screw-driver and a punch. It is closed with a lid.

The case is used as a handle for a screwdriver when screwing in and unscrewing the front sight and for turning the gas tube contactor, as well as a handle for a ramrod.

The case has through holes into which a ramrod is inserted when cleaning the machine gun (machine gun), oval holes for a screwdriver and a rectangular hole for turning the gas tube connector when disassembling and assembling the machine gun (machine gun).

Single neck oiler serves to store lubricant, it is carried in the pocket of a shopping bag.

clipserves for carrying cartridges and accelerated equipment of the magazine with cartridges. The clip holds 15 rounds. It has two longitudinal grooves and a leaf spring that keeps the cartridges from falling out. In addition, the leaf spring provides a strong connection of the cage with the adapter.

Adapterserves to connect the clip with the magazine when equipping it with cartridges. It has: from below (broadened part) two bends that fit into the corresponding grooves on the neck of the store; on top - two longitudinal grooves for the clip, a hole for the clip spring and a stop that limits the progress of the clip when it is inserted into the adapter.

5.45mm live ammunition Kalashnikov

26. A live cartridge (Fig. 47) consists of a bullet, a cartridge case, a powder charge and a primer.

Rice. 47. Live cartridge: 1 - bullet; 2 - sleeve; 3 - powder charge; 4 - primer; 5 - muzzle; 6 - groove; 7 - anvil; 8 - seed hole; 9 - impact composition

Rice. 48. Bullets: a - ordinary with a steel core; b - tracer: 1 - shell; 2 - steel core; 3 - lead jacket; 4 - core (lead); 5 - tracer compound

27. 5.45 mm rounds are issued with ordinary and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted in green color. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

ordinarybullet(Fig. 48, a) is designed to defeat enemy manpower located openly and behind obstacles pierced by a bullet.

An ordinary bullet consists of a tombac-coated steel jacket and a steel core. There is a lead jacket between the sheath and the core.

tracer bullet (Fig. 48.6) is also designed to defeat enemy manpower. In addition, when a bullet is flying in the air, its burning tracer composition at firing ranges up to 800 m leaves a luminous trail, which allows for fire correction and target designation.

In the shell of a tracer bullet, a core is placed in the head part, and a checker of a pressed tracer composition is placed in the bottom part. During the shot, the flame from the powder charge ignites the tracer composition, which, when the bullet flies, gives a luminous trail.

28. Sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the shutter. It has a body for placing a powder charge, a muzzle for fixing a bullet and a bottom. Outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, an annular groove is made for the ejector hook. At the bottom of the sleeve there is a nest for the primer, an anvil and two seed holes.

29. Powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the pool; it consists of gunpowder spherical granulation.

30. Capsule serves to ignite the powder charge. It consists of a brass cap, an impact composition pressed into it and a foil circle covering the impact composition.

31. Capping of 5.45-mm cartridges is made in wooden boxes. The box contains two hermetically sealed metal boxes of 1080 rounds each; cartridges in boxes are packed in cardboard packs of 30 pieces. In total, 2160 rounds are placed in the box.

On the side walls of the boxes, in which cartridges with tracer bullets are sealed, a green stripe is applied. Each box has a knife to open the box.

The Kalashnikov assault rifle is the most widespread automatic weapon in the world. Despite the fact that the first samples of these weapons were adopted in post-war years, AK 47 and its modifications are still used in the Russian army as the main weapon.

How did the first Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-47

There are many legends about the Kalashnikov assault rifle, most of which say that the device of the Kalashnikov assault rifle was invented by its author from scratch. Few people know that the development of the AK 47 began after the capture of a rare model German carbine MKb.42(H).

At the end of 1942, the Soviet command was concerned with the creation of automatic weapons capable of firing at a distance of about 400 meters. The Shpagin submachine guns (PPSh), popular at that time, did not allow effective fire at such distances. The captured German MKb.42(H) rifles were forced to urgently engage in their own development of weapons for caliber 7.62. The second model for study was the American M1 carbine.

The development of a new model began with solving the problem of manufacturing new cartridges with a caliber of 7.62 × 39. Cartridges of this type were developed by Soviet designers Semin and Elizarov. As a result of research, it was decided to create cartridges of less power than rifle cartridges, since at distances of about 400 meters cartridges for carbines were too powerful, and their production was quite expensive. Although other calibers were also announced during development, 7.62 × 39 was recognized as the optimal type of cartridge for the new weapon.

Having created cartridges, the military command began work on the creation of new weapons. Developments began to be carried out in three directions:

1. Machine;
2. Automatic rifle;
3. Carbine with manual reloading.

The story goes that the developments were carried out for two years, after which it was decided to choose an automatic machine designed by Sudarev for further improvements. Despite the fact that this machine had quite impressive performance characteristics, its weight was too large, which made it difficult to conduct a dynamic battle. The modified machine was tested in 1945, but its weight was still too large. A year later, repeated tests were scheduled, where the first one appeared. prototype machine gun, which was developed by a young sergeant Kalashnikov.

The scheme and purpose of the parts of the Kalashnikov AK-47

Before proceeding with the review of different AK models, it is necessary to analyze the purpose of each part of the machine.

1. Barrel - designed to set the direction of the bullet, equipped with a thread (that's why the weapon is called rifled), the caliber depends on its diameter;
2. Receiver box - serves to connect the mechanisms of the machine into one;
3. Receiver cover - serves to protect against dirt and dust;
4. Front sight and sight;
5. Butt - its purpose is to ensure convenient shooting;
6. shutter frame;
7. Gate;
8. return mechanism;
9. The fore-end is its purpose in protecting the shooter's hands from burns. It also provides a more comfortable grip of the weapon;
10. Score;
11. Bayonet knife (not found on early copies of AK).

All machines have a similar design, parts of different models may look different from each other.

Kalashnikov assault rifle model 1946

Kalashnikov developed his first model of a submachine gun during treatment in the hospital, after which he decided to connect his life with the design of weapons. After being discharged from the hospital, the young designer was sent for further service to the small arms test site, where in 1944 he showed his new experimental model of an automatic carbine, the dimensions and main parts of which resembled American model M1 Garand carbine.

When a competition for an assault rifle was announced, Kalashnikov joined it with a project for the AK 46 model. This project was approved and, along with other projects, sent to the Kovrov plant for the manufacture of prototypes.

Specifications AK 46

Parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov assault rifle of the 1946 model had fundamental differences from all serial models known at that time. Soviet weapons. He had a separate fire mode switch, a split receiver and a rotary bolt.

In the competition for the best machine, which took place in December 1946, the AK 46 lost to its competitors AB-46 and AB. The production of the Kalashnikov assault rifle was deemed inappropriate and was removed from testing.

Despite the fact that later modifications of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are considered a model of reliability and ease of operation, the AK 46 did not have these characteristics and was a rather capricious and complex weapon.

Creation of AK 47

Kalashnikov, thanks to the support of some members of the commission with whom he served at the shooting range, managed to get a review of the decision and get permission to carry out further improvements to his machine gun. As a result of further improvements, using the help of designer Zaitsev, and copying the most successful solutions from the design of its main competitor, the Bulkin assault rifle (AB), the AK 47 was created, which was more structurally similar not to the AK 46, but to the AB.

It is worth clarifying that copying the solutions of other designers should not be considered plagiarism, since in order to make all these solutions work flawlessly in conjunction, you need a huge design work. Nobody accuses the Japanese of plagiarism, although all Japanese technology is the result of the same copying of the world's best developments, followed by honing them to perfection.

The history of the AK 47 begins in January 1947. It was at this time that the combat model of the weapon of the Kalashnikov assault rifle won the competition and was chosen for series production. The first batch of AK 47 was assembled in the second half of 1948, and at the end of 1949 the AK 47 was adopted by the USSR army.

Despite the simplicity of the design, the AK 47 had one big drawback - the shot of the Kalashnikov assault rifle did not have sufficient accuracy, although the caliber of the cartridge and its power had sufficient lethal force.

Serial production of the first years was quite problematic. Due to problems in assembling the receiver (which was assembled from a stamped body and a milled liner), the reject rate was huge. In order to eliminate this problem, it was necessary to make the receiver one-piece, from one forging, using the milling method. Although this increased the price of the machine, but a sharp decrease in marriage made it possible to save quite a bit. a large sum. Already in 1951, all new machines were supplied with a one-piece receiver. Until 1959, significant changes were made to the design of the AK 47, lightweight models were produced for various purposes. In 1959, the modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKM) replaced the AK 47.

The performance characteristics of the AK-47, how much the Kalashnikov assault rifle weighs

AK 47 has the following characteristics:

• The caliber is 7.62 mm;
• Length 870mm, (with bayonet 1070mm);
• The AK 47 magazine holds 30 rounds of 7.62x39 cartridges;
• The total mass of the machine with a bayonet and a full magazine is 5.09 kg;
• The rate of fire is 660 rounds per minute;
• Shot range - 525 meters.

As for the weight of the AK 47 without a bayonet and with an empty magazine, it is 4.07 kg, with a full magazine - 4.7 kg.

Modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKM)

In 1959, instead of AK 47, new ones began to be produced. modernized machines. The number of innovations was so significant that it made it possible to talk not about the next revision, but about the creation of a new model of the machine. The AKM even outwardly differs from the AK 47. The barrel of the machine gun was equipped with a muzzle compensator, and the surface of the magazine was ribbed. The butt of the machine was installed at a smaller angle.

Many design innovations in AKM were borrowed from the best world and Soviet models those years. For example, the striker and trigger are completely copied from Czech rifle Cholek, the safety lever in the form of a shutter window cover - from the Remington 8. Much was also borrowed from the Soviet AS 44 assault rifle.

Bayonet-knife of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-47

The history of the knife bayonet has its roots in rifle bayonets. Wishing to create a more advanced model of weapons, Kalashnikov once again used someone else's to create a knife on its basis, which had a universal purpose, which could simultaneously act as a bayonet and serve as a household knife. He succeeded brilliantly, the bayonet knife was able to displace HP 40. All bayonet knives can be divided into three groups:

1. Bayonet knife 6x2, early model with great resemblance with rifle bayonets and HP 40;
2. Bayonet knife of the 1959 model, it is based on the knife of marine reconnaissance scuba divers;
3. Bayonet knife model 1974.

The history of the development of bayonets is inextricably linked with the emergence of new models of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

1974 Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK 74)

In 1974, a 5.45 mm rifle complex was adopted, which consisted of the new AK 74 and RPK 74. The USSR began to use small-caliber cartridges following the example of the United States, which had long since switched to this caliber. Such a decrease in caliber made it possible to reduce the mass of cartridges by one and a half times. The overall accuracy of fire has increased, since the bullet now flew with a greater initial speed, increased flight range by 100 meters. The drawings of the new Kalashnikov assault rifle were developed by the best designers of Izhmash, TsNIItochmash, and the Kovrov Mechanical Plant.

The new model of the machine gun used the following cartridges:

• 7N6 (1974, whose bullet had a steel core in a lead shirt);
• 7N10 (1992, enhanced penetration bullet);
• 7U1 (silent bullet);
• 7N22 (armored bullet 1998);
• 7N24 (bullet with increased accuracy).

The AK 74 was originally produced in four versions, later the AK-74M was added to it. The latter option could replace all four variants of the AK 74, and could be equipped with an underbarrel grenade launcher.

Common misconceptions about Kalashnikov assault rifles

Kalashnikov assault rifles, despite the huge variety of types of automatic weapons in the world, are the most popular. Undoubtedly, this fame is rightfully deserved by them, but at the same time there are many legends that go around even among professional military men.

1. The first legend says that the AK 47 is a complete copy german rifle Sturmgever. Although samples of German weapons were used in the development of the AK, the Bulkin assault rifle served as the basis for the AK 47. The first Kalashnikov assault rifle was more like german weapons. The design genius of Kalashnikov lies precisely in the fact that he was able to combine the most successful technical solutions different models in one machine. For decades, the designer has tracked all the improvements in various models of machines around the world, and finalized his own, taking into account new trends;
2. The second misconception says that the Kalashnikov assault rifle entered service with the army in 1947. Many models of weapons, which have the designation of the year of manufacture of the first model in their name, enter service only after a few years. Once weapons are adopted, they must be produced in large batches before being sent to the army. It takes more than one month. Thus, two years have passed since the adoption of the AK 47 for service and before its appearance in the army. The first batch of Kalashnikov assault rifles was recorded in the army only in 1949. Some residents are sure that AKs were already at the end of the war and took part in the hostilities of that time. In fact, for the first time, Kalashnikov assault rifles took part in hostilities only in 1956. Ordinary citizens of the USSR saw these machines in the film "Maxim Perepelitsa", which was released a year earlier;
3. The reliability of the design and ease of assembly of the AK really became a household name, but the machine began to possess these characteristics only from 1959, when it was already called AKM. The AK 47 was expensive to manufacture and rather difficult to assemble. During production, there was a huge amount of marriage. Only after numerous upgrades, the main of which was the creation of a new AKM model, did the machine really become the standard of reliability;
4. The release of AK went in huge batches. In fact, due to the difficulty of producing AK 47s, there was a huge shortage of them in the army. Many soldiers were armed with rifles. Only the modernization of the receiver made it possible to simplify the assembly and quickly saturate the army with machine guns;
5. Each new AK model surpassed the previous one in everything. This is practically true, only in one AK 74 it surpasses the later AKM: a silencer is easily installed on the AK 74, so in the Airborne Forces it still serves as the main weapon for silent operations;
6. The Kalashnikov assault rifle is a unique model that has no analogues. In fact, the USSR provided military aid to any state that was willing to take the “bright road to socialism” and generously shared weapons and drawings for them with them, so only the most backward countries did not begin to produce their own copies of AK. This circumstance, years later, significantly undermined the monopoly of the USSR. There was at least one assault rifle that was very similar to the AK, but made independently of it. This is the Cermak CZ SA Vz.58 assault rifle, which was put into service in 1958;
7. AKS74U is the best assault rifle, as it is used by paratroopers. In fact, this model is designed for tankers, gunners and other similar units that are not rifle infantry, so use short automaton For them, it's a great option.

In 1982-83, a huge number of AKS74Us were transferred to units of the Airborne Forces, which were sent to Afghanistan. It was here that all the shortcomings of the weapon appeared, which was unable to conduct a long and many hours of battle. In 1989, when the war ended, the AKS74U were withdrawn from service and subsequently used only in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where they can still be seen today. By the way, there is a curious fact about this model - AKS74U was produced in Tula and was the only model of the Kalashnikov assault rifle that was not produced in Izhevsk.

Currently, any civilian, having received a hunter's certificate and permission to purchase rifled weapons, can purchase a hunting version of the AK called "Saiga". A novice hunter can purchase a smooth-bore modification of the saiga.

The AK has become the most popular assault rifle in all corners of the globe.

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