"Roofing iron" is a simplified name for a category of materials that attract light weight, low and relatively low cost. Among the advantages are the large dimensions of the elements, which facilitates installation and increases the pace of roofing work. A very convincing argument is fire resistance and tightness, justified by the complete absence or the minimum amount mounting holes. In the list of advantages, it is not without reason that the ease of installation “flaunts”, thanks to which the metal roof over the country bathhouse can be built by its owner with his own hands.

Types of metal roofing

Over the centuries of the use of metal as roofing, many technological variations have been created. Instead of the simplest sheet iron, aluminum or copper, it is now possible to use original “designers” produced at factories with a full set of fasteners, additional parts and elements for adjoining devices.

The conditional classification of roofing iron divides all currently existing types metal roofing to the following groups:

• cold-rolled, thin-sheet or rolled, black or galvanized steel, used for the construction of budget seam roofs;
• fully prepared for laying, attracting with an abundance of modifications of different colors and shapes of elements, and corrugated board with similar priorities;
• non-ferrous metals, which group includes copper, titanium-zinc alloy and aluminum coatings.

Let's set aside the advantages of convenient and technological roofing sets made of metal tiles and corrugated sheets due to the high cost. For the same reason, let's temporarily forget about non-ferrous metals. Consider the most economical independent device of a metal roof, for the implementation of which steel sheets with a strip length of 2.50 m and a corresponding width of 1.25 m are required.

It is recommended to buy steel for roofing with double-sided galvanization. It is more expensive than the “black” non-zinc coated counterpart, but the money invested in the material is returned due to rare maintenance and optimized wear resistance. According to the hot-dip galvanizing method, cold-rolled material is completely immersed in containers with molten zinc, as a result of which a dense protective layer evenly settles on its surface.

The values ​​​​of the thickness of the material are dictated by the snip: metal roofing (SNiP II-26-76), in accordance with the requirements of building codes, is constructed from a thin-sheet product of the rolling industry. For roofs, steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm is bought. It will be easier to work with the thinnest sheets, it is easier to bend them to form joints. But if the owner is going to make additional parts and drainage elements from the same material, a thickness of 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm is recommended.

Note. Building regulations do not prohibit, but do not recommend distorting the shape of galvanized sheets, as a result of which the solidity of the zinc coating may be disturbed. According to the requirements of SNiP with the number 3.03.01-87 metal tool in the course of work it is impossible to put on a galvanized surface without a wooden lining. Damage to the zinc protection will cause loss of performance.

Independent device and installation

The most common and economical type of laying metal sheets on the roof is called seam technology. The name and principle of construction is based on the method of connecting elements with repeatedly curved edges, forming longitudinal and transverse seams - folds.

• Cross seam joints are used if the horizontal slope size exceeds the standard steel sheet length of 2.5 m. They are single and double, called horizontal, because they have the same direction, and recumbent, because they are bent in the direction of water flow from the roof so as not to create barriers for spontaneous runoff of precipitation.

• Longitudinal seams connect the elements of the roofing along an imaginary vertical slope, that is, along the side line of the sheet. They are not bent, as they do not interfere with the flow, therefore they are called standing. By analogy with the previous connections, they can be both double and single. Not a single installation of a metal roof using seam technology is complete without horizontal standing joints.

Horizontal connections, especially if they are single, reduce the ability of the structure to resist atmospheric negativity. If possible, it is desirable to exclude them. Standing double folds are recognized as the most reliable and practically airtight. You can form a seam, either with a hammer and a wooden lapel, or with the help of special electromechanical machines for seaming or manual comb benders.

The specifics of the construction of the seam roof

The main element of it is the picture. This is a part assembled from two adjacent steel strips with bent edges necessary for subsequent connection. Pictures are collected on the ground. To assemble them, it is desirable to make a special workbench with a length equal to the length of the connected parts of the picture.

To splice the paintings and attach the extreme canvases to the crate, you will need home-made clamps - strips cut from the same steel with side sizes of 3 and 15 cm. They are fixed every 0.5 m next to the vertical seam line. Considering given fact from scraps of steel sheet you need to make the required amount of fasteners.

Attention. Galvanized steel parts are cut with scissors. The grinder leaves an uneven jagged edge and burns out the protective coating.

Collected in a safe environment, the pictures with the edges prepared for joining are lifted up, but first the base is prepared for their installation.

The device of the truss system and lathing

The rules for constructing a truss system for a metal roof are no different from the technologies for building frames for other roofs. Only in view of the lightness of the material, it is not necessary to part with the location of the rafters. However, given the ability of the metal to sag under the weight of human weight, the crate beam is set at a frequency of 20 cm. This step will prevent damage to the coating, since the leg of a person climbing onto the roof for repair or maintenance will invariably rest on the crate.

According to building regulations, the minimum slope of the metal roof slopes is 14º, the maximum value is 30º. For sloping roofs, the mounting step of the laths will have to be reduced, it is even better to make a continuous coating of edged boards.

If the roof is insulated and waterproofing is laid on top of the batten, a control batten of thin laths will be required to form a ventilation gap between the metal coating and the insulating layer. Thanks to ventilation, there will be an equivalent temperature on both sides of the roofing material, which means that there will be no metal-destroying condensate and icicles on the eaves.

The cornice overhang is made of 3 or 4 cohesive boards. The skate is formed by laying boards on both sides, converging at a single point.

Assembly of seam roof elements

Assembling the metal roof fencing begins with the installation of special crutches installed along the cornice overhang every 70 cm. Initially, two crutches are nailed along the edges, a cord is pulled between them to align the remaining parts. Crutches can be replaced by a metal corner nailed along the base of the overhang with a side of 4-6 cm.

Attention. To go over the ridge, a 3 cm edge must be left on one side, and 6 cm on the other.

• The paintings, made up of two metal strips, are transported by a car lift to a storage place specially organized for them at the top.
• First of all, clamps are fastened with self-tapping screws along the line of the second picture, half a meter later. You need to position the clamp so that the point of its fixation is blocked by the picture laid on top.
• Then the first picture is installed, the side line of which coincides with the pediment line. The first element is fastened along the pediment line through with self-tapping screws.

Attention. Ordinary paintings have edges of different heights, usually one is 5 cm, the second is 2.5 cm. The first strip has both edges 2.5 cm.

All elements of the seam roof are mounted in a similar way: first, the clamps for next lane, then mounting it itself and connecting with the previous strip. The fold is folded together with homemade fastening strips. Thanks to the installation of clamps, simultaneous fastening is carried out both to the crate and to neighboring elements. Experienced roofers advise to strengthen the seams with silicone sealant.

Advice. To prevent the unbending of home-made clamps, you can supplement the point of their location in the horizontal seam with riveting.

• Upon completion of the splicing of the seams, the joints must be sealed with a hammer and a strip of metal.
• Then they bend and fasten the smaller edge on the ridge, put it on top and fasten the large ridge edge.

If the galvanized surface is not suitable for aesthetic reasons, it can be primed with pigmented drying oil and then painted.

Lightning Protection

There is an opinion that a metal roof does not need a protection device, because it is a natural lightning rod. However, a direct lightning strike into it can still cause a fire due to overheating of the metal mounted on a wooden crate. If the seams between the elements of the coating are sufficiently reliable, lightning protection of the metal roof is carried out by connecting it through the down conductor to the grounding system. If there is an electrical connection between the elements of the coating, it is possible to do without pin and torso lightning rods.

The construction of a metal roof is the simplest and most economical way to equip a country bath. If all steps are carried out according to technological rules, the roof will last more than 20 years without requiring alterations and repairs. It is important to take into account the features of the metal coating and do not forget about the installation rules.

Cold-rolled hot-dip galvanized metal sheet - this is the form in which roofing steel is used in roofing. Galvanized coating reliably protects the metal from corrosion and extends its service life up to 15-20 years.

For a longer service life of steel roofs, various polymers are used. Polymers vary greatly in their mechanical properties and UV resistance. The final cost depends on what kind of polymer the metal is coated with.

There are four main types of polymers used to coat roofing steels:

• Polyester - the coating is quite resistant mechanically, but not resistant to ultraviolet;
• Plastisol - the so-called plastic on metal - a coating that has not taken root in our conditions, is extremely resistant to abrasion, but with machining peels off on bends, and in strong sun loses color and peels off;
• PVDF is a high quality coating, but it is mainly used on facades;
• Pural (pural) - polyurethane coating most accustomed to steel coatings for roofing. Extremely resistant to machining. Does not fade in the sun and does not collapse over time

Of course, the structure of polymer coatings for metals is much more complicated. There is a galvanizing layer. Qualitatively galvanized metal is covered with a layer of zinc in 275 gr. per square meter. Next, a layer of passivation is applied (as a rule, a concentrated acid that reacts with zinc to form a stable compound). Then the surface is primed and only after that the finishing polymer is applied.

Roofing steel comes from the factory to the finishing shop in rolls 1250mm wide.

For seam roofing, the roll is unraveled on the slitting line into two parts and rollers with a width of 625m are obtained. It is this width that is taken as the basis for manufacturers of equipment for seam roofs.

In the production of tiles (meaning piece tiles made of steel with a polymer coating in the form of scales, rhombus or trapezoid), this size is not important, because. the customer himself chooses the size of the product.

The main manufacturers of polymer-coated steels on the domestic market:

• Roofing steel Ruukki (Ruukki) SSAB - by the name you can guess that this brand came to us from Finland. brand with rich history. The production has a full range of equipment necessary for the manufacture of cold rolled products with subsequent coating with polymers. Wide range of colors and a wide range of special products.
• Roofing steel Arcelor Mittal (Arcelor) - one of the largest world giants controlling about 10% of the world steel market. The company's product range includes roofing steel for seam roofing with POLYESTER (PE) and GRANITE HDX coatings.
• Roofing steel Corus (Korus), takes the second place in the European steel market. It is also engaged in the production of rolled products, including for seam roofing.

Seam steel roofing is a classic type of roofing in Russia, which has been successfully used for many years and has proven itself to be relatively inexpensive, reliable and durable. A steel seam roof will last at least 50 years.

Advantages of steel roofing

• Light weight. Approximately 4.2 kg/sq.m. with a thickness of 0.55 mm;
• Flexibility and plasticity. Possibility of laying steel tape on radius roofs;
• Full set. Almost all additional elements, accessories and fasteners of the desired color are available;
• geometric stability. Steel coating, compared with copper or titanium-zinc, is less susceptible to deformation due to temperature changes throughout the year.

To create a folded steel roofing, rolled galvanized steel with polymer coatings is used. Depending on the type of coating, the texture and color palette of the roof changes. Seam panels-pictures are made directly on the object. This is a very laborious task that requires high level skill of roofers, but the result is worth the effort.

Properly designed and technologically assembled seam roofing made of galvanized steel is guaranteed to last at least 50 years.

With the range of steel for seam roofing or facades, you can find the links below.

ArcelorMittal

The Belgian company ArcelorMittal is the largest steel company in the world, supplying its products to most famous brands. The produced steel is a high quality material with high operational characteristics.

from 500 R
per 1 m²

from 500 R
per 1 m²

Ruukki

Finnish company Ruukki, founded in 1960, manufactures roofing steel in various finishes (Pural, Pural Matte, Polyester and Purex). Thanks to special developments, Ruukki steel is close to copper in its plasticity, it is suitable for any architectural forms and all types of buildings. Silent and plastic, it does not tear during installation and is designed for a long service life.

from 500 R
per 1 m²

from 630 R
per 1 m²

from 640 R
per 1 m²

from 680 R
per 1 m²

Corus

Corus Group is a British steel company founded in 1999 and is currently one of the largest steel and aluminum producers in Europe. Corus produces rolled steel, including coated with polyester and plastisol. These materials have high performance characteristics suitable for the Russian climate. They resist temperature extremes and UV rays well, withstand heavy loads and also have excellent dirt-repellent properties.

During the operation of the roof of a part, it is necessary to repair it, to replace its individual sections, and sometimes the entire coating. We publish a series of articles that will describe how you can repair the roof of different materials. The following types of coatings are considered in the articles: steel, tile, coating from asbestos-cement sheets, from rolled materials, as well as wooden coating.

Most often, steel roofing is damaged due to mechanical impact on this type of coating during the cleaning of the roof from ice and snow. Due to careless movements, holes, scratches, fastening clips and nails can appear. Moisture penetrates into the holes that have formed, and the temperature regime is disturbed in the attic. Ultimately, corrosion of the steel sheet roof occurs. And since the sheet has a small thickness, then within a year it rusts, corrodes and becomes completely unusable. In addition, the opening of folds (folds), as well as cracks on their fold lines, damage to funnels, gutters, gutters and pipes, can violate the integrity of the steel roofing coating.

Steel roof maintenance

To eliminate the defects that were listed above, you need to do the following: you need to compress the standing open folds again, and the recumbent ones need to be pressed more tightly and smeared using minium paint. This impregnation is prepared from one part of grated minium, two parts of drying oil, four parts of chalk, and two parts of grated white. But the area with damage must first be covered with liquid paint or drying oil. Gutter sections that are damaged must be removed and patched, connecting the sheets with double lying folds. The places where they are connected must be smeared with minium putty. Holes are not big size(not exceeding 3 mm) must be sealed with minium putty, and large holes (more than 3 mm) with tow felt, tow or burlap, which is usually placed on thick oil paint.

If there is a hole in the steel sheet roof, the dimensions of which do not exceed 140 mm, it is possible to apply a patch of roofing material on oil-bitumen mastic so that it can cover the damaged area by 10-12 cm on each side. The steel near the hole must first be cleaned of rust and dirt, dried and then painted with mastic or drying oil.

For larger holes, you can use a patch made of roofing steel for the entire width of the sheet or between two standing folds that are located one next to the other, along the crate line so that the “fresh” joint does not fall between the crates, but on a rigid base . On a patch sheet for a steel roof, it is necessary to bend the edges for standing and lying folds, after which it is installed in place of the hole, first it is connected to the lying folds on the coating, then to the standing folds, and then the standing folds are bent.

If there are multiple damages on the entire sheet, then it is necessary to completely remove it and replace it with a new one. The new sheet must be connected to the neighboring ones using single or double lying folds, with the obligatory processing and coating of the joints with red lead putty. The gutter sheet on the wall that is damaged must also be removed. It must be replaced with a new one, which must be connected to the ordinary coating using a double lying seam.

In order to repair the roof, both new steel sheets and those that were already in use can be used. Old sheets must first be cut to size, cleaned well, and new sheets must not be forgotten to remove grease. Both old and new sheets must be covered with drying oil on both sides. If you need to replace the entire coating, it is necessary to gradually remove the old coating, in parts, so that moisture cannot enter the attic through open areas. On all sheets, you need to bend the ridges and collect pictures from them (two or more sheets that are connected along the short side).

Sometimes the picture is made in the length of the slope, in which case on the roof their long sides can only be connected by a single or double standing seam.

To protect against condensation and corrosion, a steel sheet roof is coated on both sides with one or two coats of paint and dried well. Painting from the inside protects the metal coating from rust, and thereby prolongs the life of the entire roof. During the construction of the roof, it is recommended to dry the boards and bars that go to the crate well. Indeed, in many cases, the destruction of the roof begins precisely from its inside.

Sheets of steel roofing are attached to the crate with the help of clamps from a galvanized roofing table, and the eaves roofing edge is nailed using T-shaped crutches. The finished roof is cleaned with a spatula or a stiff brush, sanded, swept with a broom or a soft brush, and also covered with a layer of paint.

Upon completion of all work, the roof needs a thorough inspection from the outside and inside. On a sunny bright day, even the smallest holes and cracks are perfectly visible from the attic. When they are discovered, the one in the attic, using a stick, signals to his partner outside, and he marks the places of damage with chalk. Then, small cracks in the coating and folds must be repaired with minium putty. On the folds, it must be carefully smeared, the remnants removed with a knife, and on the coating it must be patched with canvas, thick fabric, tarpaulin or burlap, which then needs to be painted over.

It is desirable that the patch be pre-impregnated with drying oil or be in a mixture of natural drying oil and grated lead or iron minium for several minutes. During application, the wrung out patch must be pressed firmly enough and smoothed out using a spatula or hand. After seven days, after the patches have dried, it is necessary to sweep and paint the roof. If you have found rust on the roof covering from the inside (it is enough to run a cloth over it white color), then the damaged area must be cleaned using a stiff brush and covered with several layers of paint. After all holes, cracks are repaired, and other defects are eliminated, you can begin to paint the roof.

A very careful attitude to the choice, as well as the preparation of the paint, is necessary, since after drying it should provide a smooth, shiny surface on which various debris and dust will not linger. It is better to prepare the paint on natural drying oil. Negative influence The quality of grated paint can be affected by the use of coarse pigment or dry paint, which is usually manually mixed with drying oil without the use of special machines.

Steel roofing is painted with a large fly brush. The paint must be applied in a uniform thin layer on the roof overhang, and then in similar even stripes - in the direction of the overhang from the ridge.

Drainpipes must be removed, cleaned (do not forget about the inner surface), painted 2-3 times, while each layer must be dried well. If, after the paint has dried and cracked / wrinkled, it means that it was applied with an excessively thick layer. Moisture will be trapped in the cracks, which will damage the steel as a result. If bubbles appear on the surface of the paint, this indicates that the roof was not dried enough after the first painting or was poorly cleaned of soot and dirt.

In order to clean the steel coating or prepare it for painting, you need to use rust converters. Their action is based on the interaction of components with rust, which leads to the formation of a phosphate protective layer. They are applied with a brush or spray gun on the surface, which was previously cleaned of dirt. There are several different drugs on sale: Anticorrosive, Rusas, Rust Converter and others.

A few decades ago, in the territory of the post-Soviet space, galvanized roofs shared the palm with asbestos-cement slate. Implementation in production the latest technologies processing and the use of polymer coatings allowed metal products to break far ahead. Metal roofs have significantly improved their durability and aesthetics, and the color palette and shapes meet the requirements of the most demanding customer.

Peculiarities

Metal roofs are used for industrial buildings, residential buildings, outbuildings and small architecture objects: gazebos, sheds. In its classical form, building materials are sheets, some of which are coated with a polymer layer or paint. Sheet iron is made from alloys or non-ferrous metals: copper, aluminum, titanium-zinc, steel. The parameters of one sheet vary depending on the manufacturer. On average, the length is 2500 mm, width - 1250 mm, thickness - 26-29 mm. For a folded roof, products are produced with special locks (pictures), which, when assembled, form a standing double seam - a fold.

According to the type of processing, the following types are distinguished:

• cold rolled;
• roll;
• sheet;
• black;
• galvanized.

Stamped options with a relief surface, which include corrugated board, are more popular. The wave enhances the rigidity and strength of the metal profile structure. A modern coating can imitate bituminous, ceramic tiles or wooden shingles. For each type there are special styling technologies. The release of a modern metal roof implies a complete set for arranging the roof. The roofing set includes the plates themselves of various sizes and shapes, as well as fasteners, additional elements and other details necessary for high-quality installation. The high price of the coating is offset by quality, long service life and ease of maintenance.

Types of roofs covered with metal are diverse and generally have no restrictions on the complexity of forms. Installation does not require complex equipment. In each individual case, weight is simply taken into account, sometimes requiring reinforcement of frame nodes, ductility of the source material, as well as compatibility requirements. Metal tiles and profiled sheets do not tolerate contact with bitumen: corrosion appears on the internal surfaces. Installation is made on a solid base with insulating materials. The truss structure has rather small distances between the details of the crate. For a folded roof, the distance between the strips is no more than 250 mm. The recommended slope of the slopes is from 16 to 30 degrees.

Pros and cons

The advantages of materials are largely determined by the type of finish, which is different for tiles and sheet metal. But they have common indicators with a metal profile that allow you to evaluate the entire group.

There are several advantages of a metal roof.

• Durability - average service life at the correct installation and operation about 50 years.
• Environmental friendliness - the metal does not contain harmful substances, does not negative impact on people and animals.
• Lightness - the coating weighs much less compared to ceramic tiles and some other roofing materials.
• Fire resistance - does not ignite and does not burn.
• The rafter system, as a rule, does not need to be reinforced, so you can use the old frame.
• The smooth coating and the absence of horizontal types of beams contribute to the rapid sliding of snow into winter time, which makes them indispensable for roofs with a small angle of inclination.

Among the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting a few major ones.

• The roof emits significant noise during precipitation, so additional materials are required to reduce it.
• The metal heats up and cools down quickly, which affects temperature regime at home. And this means that when arranging the roof, it is necessary to provide for an increase in the heat-insulating layer.
• Metal is vulnerable to lightning strikes. To avoid electrical discharge, all houses are equipped with protective devices with grounding.
• During snowfalls, fast sliding becomes a disadvantage: snow can fall on people big ball. To prevent injuries and block the path of an avalanche, special pegs are installed on the roof. Thanks to the pins, the layers, under the weight of their own weight, are broken into insignificant elements and cease to be dangerous.

Varieties

The concept of "roof" means a protective outer covering of the roof, protecting from all kinds of atmospheric phenomena. Very often, when analyzing the properties and characteristics of roofing materials, they also consider their influence on the truss system, as well as additional details and the principle of fastening to the crate.

According to the main material, roofing iron can be:

• pure metal - copper, aluminum;
• alloys - titanium-zinc, steel;
• with a protective coating (polymers, paint).

Popular metals and alloys

Copper is the most expensive type of roofing from its group, has plasticity, resistance to temperature changes, and is suitable for covering even complex roof shapes. Is issued both in rolls, and in sheets, including folded. Initially, it has a characteristic reddish or pink tint. After 15–20 years, it begins to acquire a noble patina, which serves as a natural protection against corrosion and the effects of atmospheric phenomena. The rate of oxidation is 6 µm/year.

The acquired shade depends on chemical composition rainfall and climate in the region. The whole process of transformation takes from 80 to 100 years - from bright and shiny like a polished copper, to brown, black, and then malachite. The average service life is 150 years, and the recorded record is 700 years.

The surface finish can be as follows:

• seamless smooth;
• with seams;
• imitation "scales".

Aluminum is the most light type coatings(about 2 kg / m²), which has 40 types of shades of gray: metallic silver, light bronze, old copper and others. It is not subject to corrosion, it is plastic, the color does not fade and does not change over time. Aluminum is recommended for covering complex shapes. The advantages include immunity to different kind precipitation. Unlike many other types, it is ideal for decorating roofs in houses by the sea.

However, when heated and cooled, it changes its dimensions, which must be taken into account during installation: special clamps are used for fasteners. This feature does not affect the tightness of the roof. Aluminum can be produced in plates large sizes with pictures. Warranty operation up to 100–150 years.

Zinc-titanium or D-zinc is a separate category of alloys. It is produced in rolls and square sheets, often with a seam lock, which ensures the tightness of the entire coating. There are also shingles in the form of diamonds, designed to decorate part of the roof with complex geometry, as well as a large angle of inclination - from 35 degrees.

As a percentage, each of the components accounts for:

• pure zinc - 99.5–99.9;
• titanium - 0.02–0.17;
• copper - 0.03–0.12.

In terms of plasticity, the material resembles copper, but at low temperatures below + 5 ° C, this property is significantly weakened. Thermal expansion is significant, therefore, as in the case of aluminum, a sliding system of fasteners is used to install the titanium-zinc coating. To carry out the work, you need a tool designed specifically for this material (without sharp edges), marking is carried out only with a pencil or marker.

On sale, such an iron roof is found in gray-blue or dark gray. Like copper, it is subject to a patination process that starts after 4 or 5 years. Over time, the material does not change its characteristics and does not require maintenance. In the event of mechanical damage, it is easy to solder. Operation is designed for 170 years.

The steel is produced in galvanized form, the protective layer prevents rust and increases the service life up to 120 years. This is the most common type of roofing in Russia. This is due to the ease of installation, the lightness of the material and the ability to cover even the most complex sections of the structure. The recommended slope angle is 14-20 degrees.

Roofing iron in the form of black steel is obtained from a soft rolled carbon alloy by cold rolling. Double-sided options are produced by the hot method, the thickness of the foil layer is ready-made– not less than 20 microns. The higher the value, the more durable the material. Due to the properties of zinc, small cracks and damage can be repaired without outside help.

The average lifetime values ​​are as follows:

• black steel - 20–25 years (repair is required after 10–15);
• "galvanization" - 25-30 years.

Sheet parameters are represented by the following indicators:

• average thickness - 0.45–0.55 mm - for roofing;
• reinforced thickness - 0.63–0.7 mm - for overhangs, wall gutters, downpipes;
• width - from 510 to 1250 mm;
• length - from 710 to 3000 mm;
• weight - from 4.5 to 7 kg / m².

The disadvantages of steel sheets include a short service life and a plain appearance - dull grey colour. The resistance of the zinc layer is small: it is damaged when mechanical action so care must be taken during handling and handling. From time to time, such a roof must be cleaned of rust and painted.

Types of textures and installation methods

A flat or folded roof consists of metal strips or sheets assembled with the help of special clamps, which form a kind of vertical scar on the covering - standing folds. They create a rhythm of design and provide tightness, which is extremely difficult to break. Roofs assembled using roll technology have the greatest reliability. On the sheet there are also horizontal - recumbent folds. For fastening, a special tool is sometimes needed, but there are varieties with self-latching locks. For such a system, the lightest materials are used, which allows you to build a truss system without additional supports, even with a large coverage area.

Fold types

It is worth adhering to some of the nuances of installation.

• At small angles of inclination of the roof, a continuous crate is used. On slopes from 14 degrees, you can install in increments close to the width of the paintings.

The picture can be of different sizes:

• min - two sheets;
• max - in the entire slope of the roof.

• The metal is attached to the base with the help of kleimers, one of the ends of which is rolled into a fold, and the other is nailed to the crate.
• The fold, depending on the model, is single and double. The second is recommended for facing structures with a slight slope.

Profiled sheet or roofing corrugation is a molded material with a vertical wave of different heights and lengths. Corrugation gives the roof additional rigidity and strength. The higher the amplitude, the more the “stiffening ribs” work. It is based on sheet types of metal roofing. The coating is characterized by light weight, corrosion resistance and long service life (50 years). The laying of the profile roof is carried out with an overlap on one wave. The rafter system and the crate do not require any reinforcements.

Advanced options are factory-coated with heat-insulating foam, on top of which a polymer layer up to 1.2 mm is applied. In this case, you do not need to spend money on an additional layer of thermal insulation from ordinary materials, for example, mineral wool. Most products are produced with a protective layer that contains coloring pigments. The color palette of the profiled sheet is diverse and has no style restrictions.

The metal tile is made of a profiled sheet (a metal profile with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm), which has a longitudinal and transverse molding, which exactly copies the types of traditional ceramic tiles: waves, scales, steps, and others. The length of the finished sheet depends on the manufacturer and ranges from 50 to 800 mm. At the bottom of the canvas there is an anti-capillary groove, through which accumulated condensate or precipitation should drain from the roof.

Installation is carried out on a simple truss structure. The only limitation is that the angle of inclination of the slope must be greater than 14 degrees. Between themselves, the sheets are tightly overlapped. The roof is attached to the crate at the bending points with hexagonal screws, placing rubber gaskets (EPDM). The tile has the widest range of colors provided by the polymer protective film. The warranty period depends on its quality and properties. So, with pural foil coating, it is 15 years. For greater imitation with ceramic, the sheets are covered with a powder of quartz sand or basalt chips. The production technology allows to increase the service life up to 30 years.

protective layer

The polymer film is applied only to outer part sheets. The resistance to damage and durability of the material depends on their quality, which, in turn, affects the formation of prices. The basis is aluminum or high-strength steel. The coating has several layers and each of them protects the previous one.

steel pie

aluminum composite

Polyester (glossy PE) made from polyester. The layer thickness is 25 microns. It belongs to the economy class, although it is well characterized in terms of color fastness, plasticity and resistance to corrosion. Microcracks under the influence of atmospheric phenomena will not appear, but the material is susceptible to mechanical damage, it is easy to scratch it. Transport and installation must be carried out with care. PE is represented by a wide colors. Metal tiles with such a coating are most often purchased for cottages and garden houses.

Polyester (matte MPE) has a thickness of 35 microns. Unlike smooth, it has a pleasant velvety surface. The roof is flexible, the magnitude of the bend does not affect the quality and properties. The material is immune to mechanical damage, imitates natural textures well and does not fade in the sun, but the palette itself is poor.

Plastisol (PVC200)– 175–200 microns, PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) based composition with the inclusion of various plasticizers. Much more plastic than the previous representatives of the group, it cannot be scratched by tree branches. It is recommended for drainage elements, but impractical for roofs in the southern regions: it burns out and is capricious to temperature fluctuations. At right choice colors ideal for industrial areas and sea ​​coasts as it is chemical resistant. Most often it serves as a coating for stamped relief products, imitates leather, wood, looks beautiful with a decorative notch.

Pural (PU)- This is a modified polyurethane, which is often presented in combination with polyamide. The thickness is 50 µm. It is used to cover metal tiles, has excellent characteristics: it is immune to mechanical damage and stress, and is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature. Bright colors that do not fade under the sun are another plus in the PU piggy bank. The price is very high, but it justifies itself with durability and the absence of roof repairs over a long period of operation.

Polydifluorite (PVF2)- This is a mixture of polydifluoride with another polymer - acrylic. It is glossy and matte with a characteristic metallic sheen. The thickness is 25–35 µm. The coating has absolute characteristics for all available indicators of resistance: to UV, atmospheric phenomena, mildew, chemicals and mechanical damage. In addition, it is distinguished by its ability to repel dirt, so after rain the roof will always look like new. The cost of PVF2 is the highest of all polymers.

How to choose?

Galvanized sheets are sold in stores in packages or in rolls wrapped in sheet steel and tightened with a thin steel tape. The weight depends on the loading method. For manual carrying, it is 80 kg, and for automatic (loader) - up to 5 tons.

You should follow the advice of experts when choosing sheets.

• At the time of purchase, you should try to inspect all the sheets. They must have a uniform coating, without cracks, scratches and delaminations. Any violation of the integrity of the surface, the presence of roughness on the gloss will lead to an early repair and a reduction in the life of the roof.
• It is worth carefully studying the quality of galvanizing. The layer should not have bulges or smudges, the declared thickness is in the range of 250–320 g/m. In the same way, it is worth examining polymer coatings for defects.

• The thickness of the sheets depends on the purpose, but not less than 0.5 mm. For auxiliary elements, such as overhangs or grooves, metal is selected from 0.6 mm. Do not confuse roofing iron with wall iron, it is thicker and has slightly different characteristics.
• The dimensions and calculation of the required amount, for example, a metal profile or copper, is determined based on the shape of the roof, its structure and the estimated area. Today, there is no longer a need to calculate manually; many manufacturers and sellers have electronic calculators on their websites for these purposes. The main thing is to correctly measure the structure necessary for calculations. A percentage should be provided for unavoidable waste.

• Experts recommend purchasing basic and additional elements, fasteners from one manufacturer, then the roof will be assembled without problems, and the guarantee will not cause unnecessary questions.
• You have to beware of fakes. If you cannot distinguish the paint layer from the polymer layer, then it is better to seek help from a specialist or take an experienced builder with you. The difference in price and quality of such products is very large to take risks. Usually LKP and polymer outer layer are painted in different colors. Even in the store it is worth determining where which of them is located. This will help you avoid embarrassing mistakes.
• Metal roofing, with rare exceptions, must be protected during transportation and protected from moisture until the end of installation work.

Mounting

At first glance, metal laying seems simple. It is not worth it to cover the roof of a residential building without the appropriate knowledge and skills in working with metal. It is better to hire professional roofers who specialize in tin structures. But on small outbuildings, you can cover it with your own hands, especially when it comes to seam roofing.

Step by step instructions include the following steps:

• the coating begins to be prepared on the ground or in the workshop. In accordance with the drawings and calculations, pictures are cut out for slopes and additional details: overhangs, gutters. If the steel is not rolled, but sheet, then the fragments are fastened together with the help of recumbent folds;
• for complex areas with sharp drops heights, all values ​​are additionally specified, their agreement with the cut out details of the main coating is checked;