Conjugation of verbs in the conditional mood. Conditional mood: examples. Conditional forms

The verbs of the Russian language are characterized by the category of mood, which serves to correlate the action expressed by this part of speech with reality. So, there are indicative, imperative and conditional (subjunctive) mood of the verb. At the same time, the first two are opposed to the third on the basis of the reality / unreality of the action. Each mood has its own semantic and grammatical characteristics.

Indicative mood of the verb

Verbs in the form of this mood express an action that actually takes place in one of three tenses: I slept, I sleep, I will sleep (sleep). Therefore, verbs in this mood have the category of tense, person and number (in the present and future tenses), and gender (in the past tense). The formal indicator of this mood of the verb is personal endings.

Imperative verb

This inclination is a language way to express an impulse to action, an order or a request. Unlike the indicative, verbs in the form imperative mood only the categories of person and number are characteristic, and they do not have time. This mood has several forms with their formal indicators and semantic features:

the 2nd person form of both numbers is produced with the suffix -i- / without suffix and with the postfix -te. It denotes an impulse to action addressed directly to the interlocutor: run, do, touch, jump;

the form of the 3rd person is an inducement to the action of third parties and even inanimate objects. The imperative mood of the verb in this case is formed in an analytical way, that is, it consists of several words: let, let, yes, plus the form of the 3rd person of the indicative mood, for example, long live, let them do it, let the sun rise, etc.;

the form of the 1st person is also formed analytically (by adding the words let's, let's to the initial form imperfect form or to form 1 of the person of the future perfect tense) and denotes an incentive to action, of which the speaker himself wants to become a participant: let's run away, let's sing, let's dance, etc.

Conditional verb

Verbs in the form of this mood denote an action that is unrealistic - desirable or possible under certain conditions. The formal indicator is the particle would (b), which can be located either immediately before or after the verb, or distantly, separated from the verb by other members of the sentence: I would do, I would do, I would definitely do. Verbs in the form of the conditional mood tend to change in gender and number.

The use of one mood as another

Often found speech situations when to achieve maximum effect one mood of a verb in Russian is used in the meaning of another, for example:

indicative as imperative: You're going to bed right now!

imperative in the meaning of the conditional: If I were a little clearer...

conditional as imperative: You should listen to the opinion of the experts.

Conditional mood

Conditional mood(conditional(is), lat. modus conditionalis) - inclination, denotes actions that are desired or possible under certain conditions.

In Slavic languages

the inclination was historically formed in two ways - with the help of the l-participle and a special conjugated form with the stem *bi- (for example, in Old Church Slavonic walked beam; probably etymologically related to the Indo-European optative) and with the help of the l-participle and the form auxiliary verb, coinciding with the aorist stem of the verb be (walked by). In most of the ancient Slavic dialects, only the second form was represented, the coexistence of the two forms, their mutual influence and contamination are characteristic mainly of the southern dialects. There is a hypothesis according to which the form with the aorist of the auxiliary verb historically represents one of the forms of the Slavic pluperfect.

The form of the auxiliary verb, conjugated like an aorist, has been preserved in modern Czech (čítal bych), Upper Lusatian (čitał bych), Serbo-Croatian (čitao bih), Bulgarian (bih chel). In Croatian Chakavian dialects, a conjugated form has been preserved, going back to *bimь: citao bin. In many languages, the form of the auxiliary verb has become an invariable particle: Rus. would/b, Belarusian b / b, Ukrainian bi, lower service by, kashub. bы/b, made. bi . This particle can be combined with the present tense form (Slovak čítal by som, some dialects of Macedonian - bi sum people; type forms would have let in Russian monuments of the XIV-XV centuries) or its end (Polish. czytal-by-m).

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what the "Conditional Mood" is in other dictionaries:

See conditional mood (in the article verb mood) ... Dictionary linguistic terms

- (gram., conditionalis) is the name of various kinds of formations (some are simple, some are descriptive verbal forms), used in conditional periods to denote an action that is not being carried out or has not been carried out. Diversity... ...

Morphological category of conjugated forms of the verb. Represents an event as unreal, the implementation of which depends on some conditions. It is expressed in the form of the participle on - l (as in the past tense) and the particle would: I would then remain silent. ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Inclination in linguistics grammatical category verb. It represents a grammatical correspondence of the semantic category of modality (reality, hypothesis, unreality, desire, motivation, etc.), however, in a number of languages, mood can ... Wikipedia

Mood, the grammatical category of the verb, expressing the relation of the content of the statement to reality. AT different languages available different number N. Unmarked (formally not expressed by special features) N., denoting that ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

MOOD, the grammatical category of the verb (see VERB), the forms of which express differences in relation to the content of the statement to reality or in relation to the speaker to the content of the statement (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Mood- TILT. The form of predicate (see), denoting the attitude of the speaker to the reality of the manifestation of a feature expressed by a word or words with this form; i.e., the form N. indicates whether the speaker imagines a combination of a sign, ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

Mood- Mood is a grammatical category that expresses the relation of the action, called the verb, to reality from the point of view of the speaker. Inclination is a grammatical way of expressing modality (VV Vinogradov). grammatical meaning forms ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Morphological category of conjugated (personal) forms of the verb. General value inclinations - the relation of the event to reality. At the Russian three moods of the verb: indicative (I come / came / I will come), conditional (I would come) and imperative (come). ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

- (lat. modus) a special verb form; expresses one or another shade (the so-called modality) of the action signified by the given verb. The modality of action can be threefold: 1) logical, when the relation of the predicate to ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Books

• French. Grammar phenomena in business text. Part 2, E. S. Shevyakina. The purpose of this study guide- prepare students to read and understand original literature on French majoring in a broad profile (economics, law). The author presents…

We continue to study English grammar, and today we want to introduce you to a curious grammatical phenomenon in English language. it conditional mood or Conditional Mood . We will look at the types of this mood, examples of sentences with it, etc. How is the conditional mood built in English?

Conditional mood in English is a very interesting thing. As in Russian, the conditional mood in English indicates that an action can or must be performed under some condition. But still there are significant differences from Russian.

Conditional sentences are complex sentences, usually consisting of two simple ones, of which one is the main one, and the second is dependent. The main clause expresses the condition of action in the dependent clause.

The catch is that in English there are three cases or types of conditional mood, while in Russian there are only two. But if you look carefully, you will realize that everything is not so difficult.

In Russian: the first type expresses a real condition in the present tense; the second type expresses the unreal condition in the past tense.

• If I go home, I will have lunch.
• If I went home, I would have lunch. (And since I didn’t go home, I didn’t have lunch, that is, the action is unrealistic under this condition)

In English: the first type expresses a real condition in the present tense; the second type expresses the real condition in the past tense; the third type indicates an unreal condition in the past tense. Let's trace the same sentence, but in English:

• If I go home, I will have lunch
• If I went home, I would have lunch
• If I had gone home, I would have had lunch.

And now we will consider each type of Conditional Mood in the language we are studying separately.

The easiest is the first type!

It's really easy. Here we are dealing with a real condition in the present tense.

Notice the phrase If I have money, I buy a car (If I have money, I will buy a car). The main part of this sentence can also be in the future tense: If I have money, I will buy a car.

For example:

• If you drink a lot of coffee, you have problems with your heart. Or: If you drink a lot of coffee, you will have problems with your heart. If you drink a lot of coffee, you will have heart problems.

But a subordinate clause in English can never be in the future tense. After the word If the verb must be in the present tense present simple . That is, the subordinate clause is in the present tense, and most importantly - in the future.

Suggestion examples:

• If you eat a lot of sweets, you will have problems with your teeth. - If you eat a lot of sweets, you will have problems with your teeth.
• I will speak with Tom, if I find him. — I'll talk to Tom if I find him.
• If we go home, we will have a rest. If we go home, we will rest.

As we can see, in each sentence there is a real action under a real condition.
Three types of English conditional

The second type of conditional mood

The second type expresses the real condition in the past tense. And here, as in the first case, we are dealing with a real action under a real condition. In this case, the subordinate clause must be in past simple , and most importantly in Future in the Past.

Take a look at the example sentences:

• If I had money, I would buy a flat. — If I had money, I would buy an apartment
• If you did your homework, you would get a good mark. - If you did homework, you would get a good grade.

Instead of would in the main clause can be should, could, might. For example:

• If you met Jim, you should speak with him. — If you met Jim, would you talk to him
• You could read the whole book if you wanted. You could read the whole book if you wanted
• You might take my notebook, if I brought it. You could take my laptop if I brought it.

Don't be afraid of the third type!

The third case of the conditional mood is not found in Russian. But if you get acquainted with the scheme according to which it is built, then there is nothing complicated.

Please note: in subordinate clause the verb is in past perfect , and in the main scheme would + have + verb + ending -ed(or the third form of the verb).

This type expresses an unreal, impossible condition in the past tense. Note:

• If you had won the competition, you would have gone to France. — If you won the competition, you would go to France. (But you didn’t win, so you won’t go, that is, action under such a condition is impossible)
• If we had come on time, we would have met Ann. If we had arrived on time, we would have found Anna. (But we did not arrive on time, so we did not catch her, the action is unrealistic under this condition).

Here, as well as in the second type, there can be verbs in the main sentence should, could, might. For example:

• If she had spoken with her brother, he could have given his car. — If she talked to her brother, he could give his car
• You should have been more polite with mr Anders, if you had wanted. — You could be more polite to Mr. Anders if you wanted to.
• If I had found Tom, I might have spoken with him about that case. — If I found Tom, I would talk to him about that case.

The third type Conditional expresses an unrealistic action under an unrealistic condition.

Well, as we have seen, the conditional mood in English plays a very important role, and is an important part of English speech. Use it to express a condition in action. You will definitely make friends with him. We wish you success!

This article tells about how the conditional mood is formed and used in Russian speech. To make it more interesting for children to get acquainted with a complex topic, you can use a fairy tale. An entertaining story about the conditional mood will surely be remembered by students rather than a dry presentation of the material. So, we read a fairy tale and find in it a hint that from ancient times it was a good lesson for good fellows.

The first chapter of the tale about how the conditional mood was formed

Once upon a time there were the most different words. Of course, the bulk of the population were verbs. But next to them lived both particles and short adjectives. Only now the verbs considered themselves persons of the upper class, and the rest were not worth a penny. Especially got from them particles. They were very small, they could not fight back.

Imperative verbs were most proud of all. They just made themselves masters.

Everyone must obey us. Come on, quickly obey our orders! Step march to the kitchen! Cook dinner, wash dishes - at-two!

They didn't even consider other verb forms. The rest of the inhabitants of the state were very offended by them, but could not do anything. And gradually stopped talking to them. Only the verbs of the imperative mood did not pay any attention to this - they continued to command.

And then take the verb in the past tense and make friends with the particle Would! Yes, they liked being together so much that they became like water - where one, there and the second. They will climb somewhere far away from everyone and dream ...

“Now, if it had been a good rain, a lot of mushrooms would have grown in the forest!” one says. “And then we would go and pick up a whole basket!” - echoes his interlocutor. There is just no rain. Already the earth cracked from the heat, and the trees dropped their leaves, what kind of mushrooms are there? After all, if there are no conditions for the commission of an action, there is no action itself.

Friends will sit and sit and start dreaming again. Only all the time the particle would put some condition: it would be possible to go to the cinema, if classes at school ended early, then it would be nice to eat ice cream, but my throat hurts. Thus, the conditional mood was formed.

Chapter Two: About how friends gathered for a space flight

Sometimes comrades were simply brought into unreality. For example, they began to think about what would happen if a ship with aliens landed on the city. And they got such sentences with a conditional mood that at least write down a fantastic book! “We would make friends with aliens from outer space and ask them to visit the planet for a little while!” No, has anyone heard this? Laughter, and more! And after all, this is an example of the use of the actual conditional mood in its direct meaning!

Why literally? Yes, it’s just that in reality this is impossible, but in fantasy either parallel worlds- easily. Therefore, this option is referred to the counterfactual meaning of the conditional mood.

It is worth saying that sometimes the direct meaning of their dreams was hypothetical, that is, quite acceptable in real world. Friends could even give practical advice to neighbors. Clear recommendations more than once helped to avoid trouble, although they used a conditional mood. Need examples? Please!

So their neighbor began to build a new house for himself. Yes, he lays bricks right on the sand - he builds a wall. So the comrades could not stand it, they came up and told him bluntly: “You, my friend, first poured the foundation, and then did the brickwork!” They hinted so modestly, carefully, and the unlucky builder obeyed them - and avoided huge troubles!

Chapter Four: About how friends of neighbors organized to help, or Direct meaning of the conditional mood proper in positive and negative connotations

Friends were able not only to express their desires but to aimlessly dream of the unrealizable. Sometimes they could say so, to shame those around them, that they had to hide their red cheeks for a long time. Here, for example, how, using the form of the conditional mood, they forced the neighbors to help build the house: “At least someone would help! At least one of them has a conscience!” And, having expressed their negative connotation, they themselves were the first to take up a shovel - to dig a hole under the foundation.

If necessary, they could put a presumptuous neighbor in their place. It was even possible to drive someone away with the help of the subjunctive mood. “Couldn’t you, good sir, choose a farther back street for your walks?” - after such a phrase, hardly anyone will have a desire to be close to those for whom this presence is undesirable.

Fifth chapter: about how friends saved Little Red Riding Hood from the Wolf, or Figurative meaning of the conditional mood

So it was only at first glance that friends could seem spineless and spineless. In fact, they knew how to give good advice and scold. But they did it gently, carefully. This action is also called the pragmatic function of inclination.

That is, friends say real things, but not in a categorical form, which is why they say that in the sentence the conditional mood is used in figurative meaning, because no conditions are needed for the action to take place.

“We would advise you, dear girl, not to talk to this animal,” friends once intervened in a conversation between Little Red Riding Hood and gray wolf. Strictly so they said, with pressure. And, although the particle By, as always, stood next to the verb, it became clear to the Wolf that it was present here only to soften the treatment, so as not to scare the girl. “You, bully, would go your own way, otherwise you wouldn’t get stuck between the ears with this club!” - they threatened the evil and cunning predator. And the phrase sounded as if friends used an imperative mood.

Sixth chapter: about how the conditional mood was elected to the government of the state

The election campaign began in the country. The imperative mood, of course, immediately began to run for the presidency. "Vote for us! Let's all go to the polls! Choose the imperative mood! - it yelled at all crossroads. And only the conditional mood modestly declared: “We should choose another government, comrades. If everyone rallied, we could create a truly happy society.” And the inhabitants of the country thought: “Could you help us to build in the state Kindergarten and the hospital? It would also be great if we built a sanatorium on the seashore for the rest of everyone who wants, and absolutely free of charge!” And the "verbals" agreed.

So, with the help of a request, friends were able to organize the beginning of the construction of a whole social complex in the country. And it seems that there was no order here, but no one could refuse. So the conditional mood turned into an imperative.

The citizens of the Verbal State thought, and they elected their friends as presidents. But they nevertheless took representatives of other inclinations as assistants. For everything to be fair. And so they began to rule the country together and indicative, and conditional, and imperative mood. One head, as they say, is good, and when there are many minds, it is even better.

Briefly about the main

The form of the conditional (subjunctive) mood in writing coincides with the past tense verb in combination with the particle "by". With verbs, the particle is always written separately. It can be placed anywhere in the sentence.

The verb is formed in the same way as the form of the past tense, that is, from the stem indefinite form with the suffix -l-. It varies by gender and number. The verb is also conjugated according to the past tense pattern.

In Russian, there are three types of mood of verbs: indicative, imperative and conditional. The latter is also called the subjunctive. This is a very important classification, because each listed form helps to determine how the sentence mentioned is related to reality. The chosen mood of the verb may imply a request or command that the action has happened, is happening or will happen in reality, and also that it is only desired or will take place if some conditions necessary for this are met.

The first type is indicative, which is also called "indicative". This form means that the action has happened, is happening or will actually happen. Verbs in the indicative mood change with tenses. Moreover, for imperfective verbs, all three tenses take place: past, present and complex future (for example: I thought - I think - I will think, I did - I do - I will do, I searched - I search - I will search), and for the perfect form - only two: the past and the simple future (for example: figured out - figured out I did - I will do, I found - I will find). In the future and present tenses, the vowel at the end of the stem of the infinitive disappears in some cases (for example: hear - hear, see - see).

The second type is conditional or subjunctive mood, which is also called the "subjunctive". This form means that the action did not actually happen, but only is desired, planned in the future, unrealizable, or will be carried out if some necessary conditions are met. (For example: I would fly into space to study distant stars. In a year I would like to go to the sea. I would read other people's minds. I would go for a walk if the rain stopped.) Verbs in the present and future tense are not used to form the conditional mood. It is composed exclusively with the help of the past tense verb (that is, the base of the infinitive, adding the suffix “-l-” to it), as well as the particle “by” or “b”. These particles can be both before the verb and after it, and also be separated from it by other words. (For example: I would go to the museum. I would love to go to the museum). Verbs in the conditional mood change in number, and in singular also by birth, but they never change in faces and, as already mentioned, in time. (For example: I would look, I would look, I would look).

The third type is imperative mood, which is also called "imperative". This form means a request, advice, order, or a call to action. Imperative verbs are most often used in the 2nd person. In this case they have null ending in the singular and the ending "-te" in the plural. They also don't change over time. The imperative mood is formed with the help of the stem of the verb in the present or simple future tense, to which the suffix "-and-" is added, or in some cases a zero suffix. (For example: Remember, you must do it! Stop doing nonsense! Watch this movie!)

It can also be used in the 1st person plural. It is used to encourage joint action, in which the speaker will also participate. Then the imperative mood is formed using the infinitive of the imperfective verb or the perfective verb in the future tense, before which are placed following words: come on, come on. (For example: Let's go to the cinema. Let's make breakfast. Let's try this dish.)

Forms of the 3rd person singular and plural are used to form the imperative when it is necessary to express the motivation for action of people who are not participating in the dialogue. In this case, it is formed using a verb in the form of the present or simple future tense and the following particles: yes, let, let. (For example: Let him buy bread. Let them come to me. Long live the king!)

From time to time, to soften the order, the particle "-ka" is added to the verbs of the imperative mood (for example: Go to the store. Show me the diary. Bring me a book.)

In some cases, there are exceptions when mood forms are used in a figurative sense, namely in a meaning that is usually characteristic of another mood.

So a verb in the form of the imperative mood can take on the meaning of the conditional mood (for example: Without his will, nothing would have happened. If he had not noticed the loss in time, trouble would have happened.) or the indicative mood (for example: And she suddenly once and say that she had already seen this man. And he take it and do it your way!)

A verb in the indicative mood can take on the meaning of an imperative. (For example: Get up quickly, you'll be late! Let's go dig potatoes.)

The verb in the conditional mood can also take on the meaning of the imperative. (For example: I'd say it like it is. Would you help your friend in need.)

All for study » Russian language » Mood of the verb: imperative, indicative, conditional

To bookmark a page, press Ctrl+D.

Link: https://website/russkij-yazyk/naklonenie-glagola