Feat of Valentina Tereshkova. Valentina Tereshkova - no achievements and sheer disappointment. red roses for the president

We are proud of the Russian woman Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, the first woman in history to fly into space.

How well do we know about this amazing woman who has been close to the stars, will let you find out the quiz "Tereshkova - the first woman in cosmonaut".

The quiz contains 19 questions. All questions have been answered.

1. When did the historic flight of Valentina Tereshkova take place?
Answer: June 16, 1963

2. What is the duration of this flight?
Answer: 2 days 22 hours 50 minutes

3. What was the name of the spacecraft on which Valentina Vladimirovna made her historic flight?
Answer:"Vostok-6"

4. What was the call sign of the first female astronaut?
Answer:"Gull"

5. How old was Valentina Vladimirovna when she flew into outer space?
Answer: 26 years old

6. Did Valentina Tereshkova have a preliminary flight training like, for example, the American astronauts, for whom being a qualifying test pilot was a prerequisite?
Answer: No

7. What kind of sport did Tereshkova do?
Answer: Valentina Tereshkova went in for parachuting

8. Did the design of the Vostok-6 ship piloted by Tereshkova differ from the previous "male" Vostoks?
Answer: some elements of the Vostok-6 ship were changed to suit the capabilities of a woman.

9. Valentina Tereshkova flew a manned spaceship"Vostok-6". Was there a flight on Vostok-7?
Answer: no, Vostok-6 is the last manned spacecraft under the Vostok program. Next flew ships of the Soyuz series

10. Is a woman's suit different from a man's?
Answer: Yes. Intentionally for Tereshkova's flight, a spacesuit design was developed, adapted for female body

11. What spacecraft was in orbit at the same time as Vostok-6?
Answer: Vostok-5 spacecraft piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky

12. How many times a day did a female astronaut have to eat on board?
Answer: 4 times

13. What famous phrase did Tereshkova say before the start?
Answer:"Hey! Sky! Take off your hat!

14. Was the launch of the ship piloted by Tereshkova carried out from the "Gagarin" site or not?
Answer: no, the start was made from a backup site

15. What movie did Russian cosmonauts usually watch (and still watch) on the eve of the launch?
Answer: Film "White Sun of the Desert"

16. What were the weather conditions in which Tereshkova landed?
Answer: Tereshkova landed in a thunderstorm with low cloud cover

17. Valentina Tereshkova was awarded an order that is awarded less often than all other awards of the Russian Orthodox Church. What is the name of this order?
Answer: Order of Glory and Honor (I degree)

18. Who is cheaper to equip into space - a woman or a man?
Answer: it is cheaper to equip women into space than men: they are smaller and lighter, and this saves fuel, food and oxygen.

19. What words did cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, who was in space with Tereshkova at the same time, say when he learned about her return to Earth?
Answer:"Hurrah Hurrah". He was overjoyed.

My grandfather, a hereditary peasant with an unfinished school education(war interfered), was an extremely intelligent person. And when I, as a kid, told him about Tereshkova, about the first woman in space, and so on, he only snorted contemptuously. He said that a bag of potatoes would have coped with such a flight no worse - they say, Tereshkova was stuffed into a rocket, like a simple load, shot into orbit, that's all her achievements. And it was not sexism, not disregard for the achievements of women from a peasant - he spoke of the same Savitskaya quite respectfully. How did he know such details in Soviet years- I don’t know, but Dnepropetrovsk was not the last in those days locality from outer space, perhaps some rumors reached him.
But, like, 80 years old and all that... you could pretend that everything is fine, but it doesn't work out.

Space pioneer Valentina Tereshkova has secured her place in the history books forever. In June 1963, she circled the Earth 48 times. However, the cosmonaut could not achieve any significant achievements, because during her three-day flight she ignored the instructions of the chief designer of space technology, Sergei Korolev. On March 6, Tereshkova turns 80 years old.

From the point of view of propaganda, the flight of the "Seagull" - such was the call sign of Tereshkova - was a major breakthrough. After the launch of the first Sputnik in 1957, and also after the flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961, this achievement succeeded in dealing the United States another blow in the struggle for dominance in outer space. Nevertheless, from a scientific point of view, this flight brought only disappointments, and with them - disastrous consequences for other astronaut candidates.

Space sickness and programming errors

Korolev allegedly declared in a narrow circle: "With me, there will be no more women in space." Moreover, the word “woman” was most likely thought up by journalists so that in general it was possible to publish this much more rude phrase. The main purpose of Tereshkova's flight was to study the influence of the conditions of the space environment on the work of the female body, improve the control system of the Vostok spacecraft, and also capture the Earth and the Moon. In parallel with Tereshkova, Valery Bykovsky made a flight around the Earth on the Vostok-5 spacecraft.

However, the astronaut from the very beginning had to deal with space sickness, and this fact, by the way, she hid from the ground control team. Tereshkova did not follow the instructions for orienting the capsule using the manual control system, did not respond to call signs for hours, did not eat according to the planned diet, and complained about the oppressive tightness in the capsule. She couldn't take notes because she broke her pencils in the hustle and bustle.

Neglect of prohibitions

In addition, she quickly realized that the flight path of the capsule of her Vostok-6 spacecraft was programmed incorrectly. Only on the second day of the flight did she receive the correct data. If this had not happened, her flight could have ended in disaster, which Tereshkova admitted only ten years later. Korolev allegedly begged her not to talk about this technical error.

In addition, cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky made his flight around the Earth in a lower orbit, so that visual contact between the two spacecraft was impossible, and radio communication capabilities were limited.

To the dismay of a doctor, Tereshkova, who landed by parachute 620 kilometers northeast of Karaganda, Kazakhstan, distributed her space food local residents, and she herself ate potatoes with onions and drank koumiss, which was strictly prohibited.

A large bruise on her nose, received when landing on a parachute, Tereshkova hid under a thick layer of makeup. The next day, the landing was staged for film and photography, which subsequently flew around the world.

The problems and malfunctions that arose during Tereshkova's flight for Korolev became a pleasant confirmation of his prejudice, which exists in Russia to this day, that women, in fact, have nothing to do in space. That is why the first detachment of cosmonauts of the USSR, which included 20 candidates for the first flight into space, the so-called "Gagarin set", consisted exclusively of men. In the end, only four female astronauts went into space. In the active detachment of astronauts, along with 33 men, there is only one woman, and that is for the sake of justification.

The chief designer of space technology, Sergei Korolev, after the flight of Tereshkova, disbanded women's squad astronauts and canceled all planned further flights of women into space. Only in 1982, 16 years after his death, becoming the second Russian woman in space, Svetlana Savitskaya made her flight - in response to the US announcement of plans to send a woman into space in the person of Sally Ride.

Tereshkova goes into politics

After her flight, Tereshkova avoided the press so that she would not have to lie. For this, she was forced to come to terms with the glory of a cutesy person. She finally found her true calling in politics. Generously awarded, she enjoyed success primarily in the countries Eastern bloc, graduated, like Gagarin, from the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky and quickly made a career. She became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, head of the Committee of Soviet Women, as well as a member of numerous international associations.

After the collapse Soviet Union she headed the Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation. In 1995, Tereshkova became the first woman in the history of Russia with the rank of Major General of Aviation.

"Benefactor" Valentina

In 2008, after two unsuccessful attempts to get the mandate of a State Duma deputy for his contribution to the development social movements, Tereshkova became a deputy of the regional Duma of her hometown of Yaroslavl from the party " United Russia and soon as vice-chairman. Three years later, she managed to move to the State Duma in Moscow.

She resolutely fights for the interests of her constituents - whether it is gasification in Yaroslavl region or strengthening the banks of the Volga in the region of Rybinsk. Previously, requests were sent to the Central Committee, and today Tereshkova addresses Putin directly. The President, of course, understands what Tereshkova owes. Something of the glory of the icon of astronautics, which is still very popular in Russia, goes to him.

450 red roses for the President

Tereshkova herself makes virtually no public statements about Putin and his party. But by the 64th birthday of Putin, she sent him a bouquet of 450 red roses on behalf of all the deputies of the State Duma. Tereshkova thanked the president for his "tireless work" and promised, just like in Soviet times to work with him for the benefit of the people.

Shortly before his death in 2011, Boris Chertok found conciliatory words for Tereshkova. Soviet scientist, during years former closest associate of the Queen, hinting at her unsuccessful flight, told her that in "public and state activity"she achieved "truly cosmic heights."

Exactly 50 years ago, on June 16, 1963, at 12:30 Moscow time, the Vostok-6 spacecraft was launched into the Earth satellite orbit in the USSR, piloted for the first time in the world by a woman - a citizen of the Soviet Union Valentina Tereshkova. She is the only woman in the world to make a solo space flight.

Tereshkova's call sign for the duration of the flight is "Seagull"; the phrase she said before the start: “Hey! Heaven, take off your hat!” (modified quote from V. Mayakovsky's poem "A Cloud in Pants").

Interesting facts about the first flight of a woman into space.

1. The world's first female astronaut was chosen from among the paratroopers. After the first successful space flights of Yuri Gagarin and German Titov, Sergei Korolev decided to send a woman into space. It was a politically motivated move. I wanted to be the first in this as well.

The search for applicants began at the very end of 1961. The requirements were as follows: parachutist, age up to 30 years, height up to 170 centimeters and weight up to 70 kilograms. Parachutists were given preference, because the Vostok cosmonaut had to eject after the descent vehicle had braked in the atmosphere and land on a parachute, and the training period was initially determined to be short - about six months. I didn’t want to spend a lot of time practicing landing on a parachute.

Out of more than fifty candidates, five girls were eventually selected. Among them was Valentina Tereshkova. All of them, except for the pilot Valentina Ponomareva, were parachutists. Valentina Tereshkova has been involved in parachuting since 1959 at the Yaroslavl Aeroclub: by the time she was looking for a candidate for space flight, she had completed a total of about 90 jumps.

2. The girls selected for space flight hoped that sooner or later they would all fly into space. Of course, each of the five girls dreamed that it was she who would fly into space. To make the atmosphere in the women's team friendly, Korolev promised the girls that they would all visit there sooner or later.

But this, as we know, did not happen. Although other girls were really planned to be sent into space, and they were preparing for this for several more years after the flight of Valentina Tereshkova. Only in October 1969 was an order issued to disband the female cosmonaut group. So only Valentina Tereshkova out of the five girls who underwent training could become a real astronaut.

3. Valentina Tereshkova had two understudies. In practice, it is accepted that each astronaut should have an understudy. In the case of the first female flight, they decided to play it safe - Tereshkova was assigned two understudies at once due to the complexity of the female body. Substitutes were Irina Solovieva and Valentina Ponomareva.

Why did the choice fall on Tereshkova? The management never substantiated their choice, but, according to the main existing version, this decision was rather political. Tereshkova was from the workers, her father died during the Soviet-Finnish war, when she was two years old. Other girls, for example, Ponomareva and Solovyov, were from the employees. Nikita Khrushchev, who approved the final candidacy, apparently wanted a girl "from the people" to become the first woman cosmonaut.

Valentina Tereshkova, who was born in the countryside, in the family of a tractor driver and a textile factory worker, fit these requirements better than others. Although the doctors who observed the girls were inclined to give priority to other candidates - for example, Irina Solovieva, master of sports in parachuting who made more than 700 jumps. According to another version, Sergei Korolev planned another female flight with access to outer space and it was for him that the shore was stronger, according to the doctors, Solovyov and Ponomarev.

4. Initially, the simultaneous flight of two female crews was supposed. According to the original idea, two girls were supposed to fly into space at the same time in different devices, but in the spring of 1963 this idea was abandoned. Therefore, on June 14, 1963, in the afternoon, Valery Bykovsky was sent into space on the Vostok-5 spacecraft. His flight to this day is considered the longest solo flight: Valery spent almost 5 days in space. That is two days more than Valentina Tereshkova.

5. Relatives of Valentina Tereshkova found out about the flight only after it ended. The flight could have ended in tragedy, so Valentina Tereshkova kept information about him a secret from her relatives. Before the flight, she told them that she was going to the parachuting competitions, and they had already learned about what had happened on the radio.

6. In automatic program the ship was inaccurate. A mistake was made and the Vostok-6 spacecraft was oriented in such a way that, instead of descending, on the contrary, it raised the orbit. Instead of approaching the Earth, V. Tereshkova moved away from it. The Chaika reported the malfunction to the flight control center, and the scientists were able to correct the program.

For several decades, none of the participants in the events, at the request of Korolev, told about this story, and only relatively recently it became a well-known fact.

7. In total, Valentina Tereshkova has flown almost 2 million kilometers. The launch of Vostok-6 took place on the morning of June 16, 1963, and Valentina Tereshkova landed on the morning of June 19. In total, the flight lasted two days, 22 hours and 41 minutes. During this time, the astronaut made 48 orbits around the Earth, flying a total of approximately 1.97 million kilometers.

8. The flight was not easy, the landing was terrible. At that time, it was not customary to talk about the difficulties. Therefore, Valentina Tereshkova did not report that the flight was difficult. It was very difficult to stay for three days in a heavy, restrictive spacesuit. But she survived: she did not ask for an early termination of the flight.

Valentina was especially scared during the landing. There was a lake below her, she could not control a large heavy parachute opening at an altitude of 4 km. And although the astronauts were taught to splash down, Valentina was not sure that she would have enough strength to stay on the water after an exhausting flight. But in the end, Valentina Tereshkova was lucky: she flew over the lake.

9. The shots of the newsreel made were staged. Newsreels showing the landing of the descent vehicle were staged. They were filmed the day after Tereshkova's actual return to Earth. When the girl returned, she was in very bad condition and was rushed to the hospital. But soon she came to her senses and the next day she felt well.

In the photo: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev (right) and cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova, Pavel Popovich (center) and Yuri Gagarin on the podium of the mausoleum of V.I. Lenin on Red Square during a rally dedicated to the successful completion of the flight on the Vostok spacecraft -5" by Valery Bykovsky and "Vostok-6" by Valentina Tereshkova, June 22, 1963:

10. Valentina "The Seagull" Tereshkova is not only the first female cosmonaut in history. She is also the only woman on our planet who has made a solo space flight. All other female cosmonauts and astronauts flew into space only as part of crews. The flight of Valentina Tereshkova became a significant page in the history of space exploration.

11. Tereshkova is the first woman in Russia to receive the rank of major general.

12. After the fulfillment of the dream of space flight, Valentina did not stop dreaming. It would seem, what else can one dream of after the completion of such a flight and universal fame. But Tereshkova did not stop thinking about the possibility of new flights. She really wanted to go on a flight, and was even ready to fly there. no way to go back. And after Tereshkova saw all the continents of the Earth from space, she began to dream of visiting Australia. After many years, she managed to fulfill her dream.

Valentina Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 into a peasant family in the village of Bolshoe Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl Region. Her father was a tractor driver, her mother was a textile factory worker. Drafted into the Red Army in 1939, Tereshkova's father died in the Soviet-Finnish war.

In 1945, the girl entered high school number 32 of the city of Yaroslavl, seven classes of which she graduated in 1953. To help the family, in 1954 Tereshkova went to work at a tire factory, at the same time enrolling in evening classes at a school for working youth. Continuing to work at a textile mill, from 1955 to 1960 she passed distance learning at the College of Light Industry.

In March 1962, Tereshkova joined the CPSU.

Even while working and studying at the technical school, the future first female cosmonaut became interested in the sky - while studying at the local flying club, she made 163 parachute jumps. However, the girl wanted to fly - and she achieved admission to the first female cosmonaut squad, where, in particular, she was taught to fly an airplane. Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and remained in it until April 28, 1997.

"The load of the women's group of five people was greater than that of the men," Tereshkova recalled, specifying that in general the training system in those years was excessively rigid. But everyone "had one crazy idea - by all means, irreproachably undergo training and fly off."

Tereshkova's flight on the Vostok-6 spacecraft in near-Earth orbit, together with the Vostok-5 spacecraft piloted by Valery Bykovsky, lasted two days 22 hours and 50 minutes.

Colonel Nikolai Kamanin, who was involved in the selection and training of cosmonauts, described Tereshkova's launch in his book Hidden Space.

“The preparation of the rocket, the ship and all maintenance operations were exceptionally clear. Tereshkova’s launch reminded me of Gagarin’s launch in terms of the clarity and coherence of the work of all services and systems. As on April 12, 1961, on June 16, 1963, the flight was prepared and started perfectly. During the preparation of the launch and launch of the ship into orbit, those who listened to her reports on the radio were unanimously declared to Tereshkov: "She launched better than Popovich and Nikolaev." Yes, I am very glad that I was not mistaken in choosing the first female cosmonaut, "notes Kamanin.

"Hey! Sky, take off your hat," said Valentina Tereshkova on June 16, 1963, before becoming a legend.

However, the hours spent in space were by no means the happiest in life for Tereshkova. The flight was extremely risky - medicine did not have accurate data on its possible consequences for the female body.

The cabin of the "Vostok" was called by the designers among themselves a "tin can" - it was so cramped that the cosmonaut in it, dressed in a spacesuit, could hardly move. Nearly three days spent in such conditions in orbit by a young woman, although special training, according to many experts, were indeed a real feat.

“Almost all the time, Valentina was constantly sick and vomited. But she tried to hold on. Reports went to Earth:“ I am “The Seagull”. The flight is going well. "During the ejection, Tereshkova hit her head on the helmet - she landed with a huge bruise on her cheek and temple. Valentina was almost unconscious. She was urgently transferred to a hospital in Moscow. Only in the evening, the luminaries of domestic medicine reported that Tereshkova's life and health out of danger. The next day, they urgently made a staged shooting for a newsreel: Tereshkova was put into the apparatus, they filmed extras running towards him. Then one of them opened the lid of the apparatus. Tereshkova was sitting inside, cheerful, smiling. These shots spread around the world. "

Tereshkova's dream came true, but the space flight that made her world famous almost ended in tragedy. "A miscalculation was made in the ship - it was oriented so that instead of landing, an orbit was raised, as a result of which I would not be able to return back to Earth, but I noticed this in time, reported it, the specialists entered the correct data, and I landed" , - Tereshkova talked about the flight.

After her flight, Valentina Vladimirovna continued to undergo training in the cosmonaut corps, but most her time was taken up by social work. Tereshkova had to make many trips to the cities of the USSR, to many countries of the world.

Simultaneously with work at the Cosmonaut Training Center and active social activities she entered the Military Engineering Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky, from which she graduated with honors in 1969, having received the specialty of a pilot-cosmonaut-engineer.

Since 1968, Tereshkova has been working in the Soviet, and later Russian public organizations. In 1968-1987 she was the chairman of the Soviet Women's Committee, and from 1969 to 1987 she was vice-president of the Women's International Democratic Federation. In 1987-1992, Tereshkova was the chairman of the presidium of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with foreign countries. In 1992, she was the chairman of the Presidium of the Russian Association international cooperation, in 1992-1995 - First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Agency for International Cooperation and Development. Since 1994, Tereshkova has worked as the head of the Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation (Roszarubezhtsentr). Since April 30, 1997 - Major General of Aviation, retired.

Valentina Tereshkova - candidate technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific works, Major General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. She was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Friendship of Peoples, and medals. Tereshkova was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor of Czechoslovakia, Hero People's Republic Bulgaria, Hero of Labor Democratic Republic Vietnam, Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic.

She was also awarded the Frederic Joliot-Curie Gold Peace Medal, the United Nations Gold Peace Medal, the K. E. Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the British Society for Interplanetary Communications Gold Medal for Achievement in Space Exploration, the Space Gold Medal, Order "Wind Rose" with a diamond International Committee in aeronautics and space flight, orders of Karl Marx (GDR), Georgy Dimitrov (Bulgaria), Grunwald Cross of the first degree (Poland), Order of the Banner of the first degree with diamonds (Hungary), Order of Sukhbaatar (Mongolia), Order of Playa Giron (Cuba) ) and many others.

Tereshkova is an honorary citizen of the cities of Kaluga, Yaroslavl (Russia), Karaganda (Kazakhstan), Vitebsk (Belarus), Montreux (Switzerland), Drancy (France), Montgomery (Great Britain), Polizzi Generosa (Italy), Darkhan (Mongolia), Sofia , Petrich, Stara Zagora, Pleven, Varna (Bulgaria). A crater on the Moon is named after Tereshkova.

In what year Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman cosmonaut, flew, you will learn from this article.

When did Valentina Tereshkova fly into space?

The first female cosmonaut flew on a spacecraft called Vostok-6 into outer space on June 16, 1963. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft was in orbit, piloted by Valeria Bykovsky. On the day of her space flight, she told her parents that she was going to the skydiving competition. the true reason they learned of their daughter's departure on the radio.

Valentina Tereshkova how long did the flight last?

The woman endured the flight quite hard - she was constantly sick and vomited. She steadfastly withstood in space for almost three days and made 48 revolutions around the planet. During all this time, as long as Valentina Tereshkova was in space, the cosmonaut took photographs of the horizon and kept a logbook. After her, the woman flew into outer space 19 years later.

The cabin of the "Vostok" was very cramped, and the designers called it a tin can. Considering that the astronaut who was in it was dressed in a spacesuit, it is difficult to move in the cabin. It is really hard to spend 3 days in such conditions.

When landing, Valentina Tereshkova ejected unsuccessfully and hit her head on the helmet. She ended up landing with a bruise on her temple and cheek. The woman was unconscious. Therefore, she was urgently sent to the hospital, where, after long examinations, the doctors said that there was no threat to her health.