Parachute laying exercises d 1 5u. Parachuting in Kazakhstan. Reserve parachute mount

Designed for training jumps.

Tactical and technical data

With a weight of a parachutist with equipment of 120 kg, the parachute has the following characteristics:

ensures reliable operation both with immediate deployment at aircraft speeds up to 250 km/h and with any delay in deployment;

overloads when opening a parachute do not exceed 10 g;

the minimum height of the jump with the immediate introduction of the parachute into action at an aircraft speed of 180 km / h - 150 meters;

V vert - 5.11 m / s;

V mountains - from 0 to 2.47 m / s;

dome turn time by 360 degrees - no more than 18 seconds;

effort for pulling out the ring - no more than 16 kg;

resource - 200 jumps.

The weight of the parachute with the device is 17.5 kg.

Description

The parachute kit includes the following parts.

Pull rope.

Exhaust ball slingless parachute.

Dome cover.

Dome with straps.

Suspension system.

1. Flexible hose.

   Pull ring.

   Exhaust ring with cable loop (emergency ring).

   Pull rope.

   Protective cover.

   Safety device.

   Break strap.

   A halyard of a flexible hairpin.

   Connecting link.

   Portable bag.

Pull rope

To protect the pull rope from burns, a cover is put on it. 2 from cotton tape (LHBMkr-350-230) in the form of a hollow hose. Such covers are put on the loops of the rope and at the trailed carabiner. To control the pull rope on both sides, the carabiner has a red tape.

Exhaust ball slingless parachute

The pilot chute is designed to pull the canopy off the main canopy.

It consists of two main parts: the base of the parachute 1 and spring mechanism 2 .

The upper part of the parachute base has a hemispherical shape and is made of orange nylon fabric. The lower part of the parachute base, attached along the perimeter of the hemisphere to the top, also has a hemispherical shape, turning into a conical one. The hemispherical part is made of nylon mesh fabric, and the conical part is made of nylon fabric. On the outer surface of the base of the dome, four nylon reinforcing tapes with a strength of 150 kg are sewn, evenly spaced along the surface in the meridional direction. A grommet is installed at the intersection of the ribbons on the pole 3 . At the bottom of the tape are brought together in a thimble 7 and braided with linen thread 9.5/6. With the help of a thimble, the pilot chute is attached to the connecting link and the canopy cover. On one of the ribbons on the upper hemispherical part of the pilot chute, a gazyr is sewn 4 and ribbon with pin-check 5 . The pin-check is designed to secure the spring mechanism of the pilot chute when folded. The spring mechanism consists of eight meridional spokes ending in heads, which are fixed at the pole with washers. The top washer is located under the grommet installed on the pole of the parachute base. Between the top washer and the grommet is a nylon resin washer.

The conical spring has 5.8 working turns, while 2.9 turns are inside the spherical spring mechanism.

The spokes of the spherical spring mechanism wrap around the upper and middle coils of the conical spring, which are connected by a nylon cord limiter with a strength of 120 kg, which helps to maintain the spherical shape of the parachute during its operation.

On the lower base of the conical spring, a plate is fixed, on which the cone (or cable loop) is located. 6 designed to lock the spring mechanism in a compressed state. When checking, the cone (or cable loop) is passed through the holes of the upper and middle washers, brought out through the grommet and secured with a pin-check, reinforced on the basis of the parachute. When folded, the pilot chute stows in a satchel. The pin-check of the pilot chute is refueled into the gazyr.

Dome cover

The cover is intended for laying the dome in it in order to streamline its commissioning. Case 4 made of orange nylon fabric, has the shape of a sleeve 5.31 m long and is worn over the entire length of the dome, folded over the panels. At the bottom base above the bottom edge 13 case has eleven pairs of non-removable 10 and one pair of double removable rubber honeycombs 2 , lanyard fuse 3 , two tapes 9 for laying frame, apron 11 to cover the lower edge of the dome and the sleeve 1 to prevent contact of the apron with the dome when the latter leaves the cover.

Non-removable rubber honeycombs are designed for inserting dome lines into them, double honeycombs - for closing the apron of the cover with bundles of lines.

The cover apron has two eyelets 12 with sew-on washers for skipping double removable combs. Above the eyelets are sewn pockets for filling bundles of slings into them.

Bundles of slings nested in double removable honeycombs close the apron and prevent the canopy from prematurely exiting the case. When the lines are wedged in the double removable combs, the combs are torn.

The sling protector is designed to protect the slings laid in the honeycombs from being blown out by the air stream during the opening process.

two tapes 9 , located on both sides of the honeycomb, form pockets into which the stacking frame is inserted.

The cover has two pockets at the top. 8 , contributing to the exit of the lines from the honeycomb and pulling the cover off the dome. The top of the cover is pulled together with a cord 6 from ShKP-60.

The entire length of the cover is reinforced with four nylon ribbons. 5 (LTKOUP-25-150), which form a bridle in the upper part of the cover 7 for attaching a pilot chute or a pilot rope (depending on how the parachute is deployed).

Dome with slings

The dome is designed for the safe landing of a parachutist in a given place. The dome has a round shape and consists of four sectors. Each sector consists of five trapezoidal panels 1 straight cut. Sectors and panels are stitched together with a “lock” seam. Dome area 82.5 sq. m. The dome is made of percale. In the center of the dome there is a polar hole with a diameter of 0.43 meters. The edge of the pole opening of the dome is reinforced on both sides with nylon tape with a strength of 185 kg (LTKP-15-185), and the lower edge of the dome is reinforced with nylon tape with a strength of 150 kg (LTKOUP-25-150). From the outside, a reinforcing frame is sewn onto the dome 2 from a kapron tape with a strength of 150 kg (LTKOUP-25-150). At the lower edge of the dome, it forms 28 loops, to which slings are tied. Reinforcing tapes 3 , stitched on the seams connecting the sectors of the dome, form a bridle in the pole hole. On the outer side of the dome, at the bottom edge, 25 pockets are stitched.

The dome has 28 lines made of cotton cord with a strength of 125 kg (SHHBP-125). To facilitate the laying of the dome, the fourteenth line is painted red. On the lower edge of the dome, to the left of the lines, their serial numbers are indicated. All lines are the same length. In the free state, the length of the lines from the lower edge of the dome to the detachable buckle or half-ring buckle of the suspension system is 8.87 m.

To ensure the correct laying of the canopy on the slings, at a distance of 0.45 m from the lower edge of the canopy, there are marks along which the laying of the slings into the first double removable rubber honeycombs of the cover begins.

At a distance of 1.8 m from the detachable buckles or half-ring buckles of the free ends of the suspension system, marks are applied to the slings, along which the (removable) combs of pockets at the bottom of the satchel are checked with slings.

There are vertical holes on the panels of the dome between lines 27-28, 28-1 and 1-2 4 . The edges of each hole are reinforced with nylon tape with a strength of 150 kg.

To control the canopy, control lines are mounted to lines 26, 27, 28 and 3, 2, 1, the second ends of which are brought to the toggles and fixed to the rear free ends of the suspension system.

suspension system

The harness is the connecting link between the parachute and the skydiver. The suspension system is made of nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kg (LTK-44-1600) and consists of the main strap 5 , two back-shoulder girths 6 , two pairs of free ends 8 , chest jumper 3 , waist girth 12 , leg loops 15 . The main strap is stitched from a ribbon in two additions, the ends of which form two free ends each 0.43 m long. There are two curved buckles on the main strap. 9 , designed to connect it with the back-shoulder girths in the upper part of the suspension system. A pull ring pocket is sewn onto the main strap at chest level on the left side 10 . A flexible hose is sewn above the pocket. In the lower part, the main strap is bifurcated, the ribbons are sewn end-to-end and an overlay is sewn to them 1 for more comfortable seating in the harness during descent. To attach the reserve parachute to the harness, two fastening brackets are mounted in the main strap 11 with clamps 4 . H Topic1. The material part of the parachutes back and shoulder girths, right and left, form a chest bridge and, with the help of two buckles, a waist girth that provides adjustment of the suspension system for growth. The dorsal-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a crosspiece, to which the satchel is attached.

The lower ends of the back-shoulder girths, passed between the main strap and enveloping it in several places, form leg girths on which buckles are mounted 14 to adjust their height.

Three carbines 13 and three buckles 2 , located on the leg loops and the chest bridge, serve to fasten the suspension system.

A knapsack is attached to the suspension system, and dome slings are attached to the half-ring buckles of the suspension system.

knapsack

The knapsack is designed for packing a canopy in a case, part of the lines and free ends of the harness, an exhaust ball slingless parachute and a semi-automatic device. The knapsack is made of avisent and consists of the bottom of the knapsack and four valves: two side, one upper and one lower. To top valve 1 sewn on two flexible hoses 2 insert head 3 for attaching the hose of a semi-automatic device and a tie band 4 designed for attaching the hose of a semi-automatic device. There are two windows at the base of the top flap 5 to exit the free ends of the suspension system. The upper and two side flaps of the satchel have lapels with pockets 6 , which, after laying the dome in the knapsack, are filled with a laying ruler under the bottom and side valves. Lapels protect a dome from pollution. To hold the valves in the closed position, the backpack has a locking device consisting of a cord ring. 7 made of silk cord ШШ-80, two cones 8 located on the valves of the satchel, four eyelets with a sew-on washer 29 and one eyelet buckle 28 . Fifth eyelet 18 , installed on the right side valve between the lower and middle eyelets, is designed to fix the position of the ball screw inside the backpack in the folded state. Fast opening of the backpack valves is provided by eight backpack rubbers 9 , of which seven are single and one is double. The length of a single knapsack rubber with pendants is 0.37 m, and a double one is 0.385 m. At one end, knapsack rubbers are permanently attached to the wire loops on the knapsack valves. Two kerchiefs with buckles are sewn on the side flaps of the satchel from the outside along the perimeter tape 10 to which fasteners are attached 13 reserve parachute, designed to attach it to

to the main parachute and to regulate the tightness of the parachute to the body of the parachutist. The reserve parachute mount consists of a ribbon and a carabiner.

On the right side valve 16 instrument pocket located 14 for placing a semi-automatic device, carabiner pocket 15 , which serves as a pocket for a passport replacement card and for laying a carabiner of a pull rope, a ribbon-tie for attaching the device, a ring 20 for locking the pull rope, hose fastening tape 21 for laying a flexible hose when jumping with a manual opening of the knapsack.

Safety valve 19 , which is a continuation of the right side flap, is fastened with four turnstile buttons 17 after tightening the bag.

Safety and bottom valves have metal plates 27 to give rigidity.

In order to prevent the slingless exhaust ball parachute from catching on the tail nut of the semi-automatic device and to protect the parachutist from being hit by the tail nut of the semi-automatic device, two metal loops are sewn on the tape along the perimeter of the knapsack for attaching the double knapsack rubber of the upper valve.

The bottom of the satchel 23 on the outside has four pairs of loops 22 for attaching the suspension system to the backpack and belt loops 11 for guiding knapsack rubber.

Pockets are sewn on the bottom of the satchel from the inside along the side and bottom sides of the perimeter of the stiffening frame 24 , left and right, and valve 31 , which prevent the canopy placed in the case from blowing off from the bottom of the satchel at the moment of opening the parachute and ensuring the sequential pulling of the case with the canopy placed in it. On the inner sides of the pockets, a knapsack cord is skipped.

At the top flap of the satchel, the pockets have holes 25 , under the facing of which metal rings are inserted for rigidity. Rubber honeycombs are passed through the holes 26 , which are closed with bundles of slings.

flexible hose

The flexible hoses are designed to prevent accidental engagement and guiding of the three-pin lanyard (or lanyard lanyard) cable and the lanyard while being pulled out. Both flexible hoses are made of flexible metal hose 1 covered with cotton tape 2 . Hose ends with tape tucked into caps 3 . The flexible hose of the exhaust ring with three pins or the exhaust ring with a cable loop is sewn at one end to the upper valve of the satchel, and at the other end to the suspension system above the pocket of the exhaust ring.

A flexible hose for forced opening of the exhaust cable is sewn at one end to the upper valve of the satchel, the other end is not sewn.

The length of the flexible hoses is 0.515 m.

Pull ring

The pull ring is designed for manual opening of the parachute pack. The pull ring consists of a ring 1 , cable 2 , three pins 3 and limiter 4. The trapezoidal ring is made of steel wire with a diameter of 7 mm. It fits into a pocket located on the left front strap of the harness. To quickly find the ring, the part protruding from the pocket is painted red. The protrusions on two opposite sides of the ring hold it in the pocket of the harness. For the convenience of gripping by hand, the handle of the ring in relation to the base is bent by 60° and thickened.

The ring has two guide holes through which the cable passes, ending with three pins. The cable is fixed in the ring with a limiter 4 .

The pull ring cable pins are designed to close the eyelets on the knapsack cones. The cable pins are located one from the other at a distance of 0.15 m. The first pin, counting from the ring, has a length of 0.038 m, and the rest - 0.032 m.

The length of the cable from the end of the last pin to the limiter is 1.07 m.

Pull ring with cable loop

suspension system. For the convenience of gripping by hand, the handle of the ring in relation to the base is bent by 60° and thickened.

The ring has two guide holes through which the cable passes, ending with a loop, into which, when laying, the first pin of the exhaust cable is threaded, closing the grommet on the cone of the knapsack. The cable is fixed in the ring with a limiter.

The length of the cable from the loop to the limiter is 0.785 m.

Pull rope

The cable pins for closing the knapsack valves are located one from the other at a distance of 0.15 m. The first pin, counting from the cable loop, has a length of 0.038 m, and the rest - 0.032 m.

The length of the pull rope from the loop to the last pin is 1.015 m.

Safety cover

break sling

One end of the cord is stitched with a zigzag stitch, forming a loop 1 0.02 m long. 2 for tying to the loop of the pull rope.

Secondary use of a broken sling is prohibited.

Hairpin halyard

The flexible hairpin halyard is the connecting link between the flexible hairpin of the semi-automatic device and the pull rope.

The halyard is made of a nylon cord with a strength of 200 kg (ShKP-200) in two additions and ends with loops, one of which is mounted with a loop-noose to the flexible pin of the device, the other to the end loop of the exhaust rope.

The length of the halyard of the flexible hairpin is 0.13 m.

connecting link

0.11 m and 0.4 m long, respectively. The connecting link is threaded into a rubber loop 2 , into which, in the process of laying the parachute, its slack is removed.

Carrying bag

The portable bag is made of avisent.

Passport

The passport is designed to record information about the acceptance, transfer, operation and repair of a parachute.

The passport is an integral part of the parachute. The rules for maintaining a passport are set out in the passport itself.

The training controlled parachute D-1-5u is designed for initial training in jumping, as well as for restoring lost skills in parachute jumping. This is facilitated by a low rate of descent and horizontal movement of the parachute, high reliability of its operation, controllability, smooth opening and stability during descent.

The parachute can be used in three deployment options:

* forced opening of the parachute bag and pulling the cover from the canopy with a pull rope;

* forced opening of the knapsack with pulling the cover from the canopy with a pilot chute;

* disclosure of a knapsack with an exhaust ring.

The easiest and most reliable way to open a parachute is the first of those named, it is used for initial training in parachuting. In the tutorial, we will consider the configuration and stowage of the parachute in relation to this method of deployment.

Parachute D-1-5u provides:

1. Normal operation under the following conditions:

* with the weight of a skydiver with parachutes not more than 120 kg;

* when performing educational and training jumps at speeds up to 250 km / h on the instrument at altitudes up to 1000 m.

2. The minimum safe jump height from a horizontally flying aircraft at a speed of 180 km / h according to the instrument with the immediate introduction of a parachute into action is 150 m.

3. Vertical descent speed is 5m/s.

4. Stability during descent.

5. Horizontal speed - up to 2.47m/s.

6. Time of a turn on 360 ° - no more than 18 sec.

7. Use of the Z-5 reserve parachute.

8. The weight of the parachute is not more than 17.5 kg.

The maximum overload at the time of filling the dome is not more than 10.

Description of the parachute.

(To perform jumps with forced opening of the parachute pack and pulling the cover from the canopy with a pull rope).

The parachute kit includes the following parts:

1. Dome with slings 82.5 sq. m.

2. Suspension system.

4. Dome cover.

5. Pull cable.

6. Pull rope.

7. Carrying bag.

8. Form (passport).

PURPOSE AND DEVICE OF PARACHUTE PARTS.

parachute dome(Fig. 8) is designed for safe descent and landing of a parachutist. Dome area - 82.5 sq. m. The shape of the dome is the correct 28-angle. The dome is made of cotton fabric with anti-rotting impregnation. A reinforcing frame made of nylon tape is sewn on top of the dome. It is designed to evenly distribute the load on the fabric of the dome and localize gusts, if they occur. There is a pole hole in the center of the dome designed to provide a stable, wobble-free descent. By crossing the tapes of the reinforcing frame on the pole hole, a pole frenulum is formed. At the lower edge of the dome, the tapes of the reinforcing frame form 28 loops for attaching slings. 25 pockets are sewn between the straps on the outer side of the dome at the bottom edge to speed up the process of filling the dome. On the dome, to create a horizontal speed, there are three slots, they are located between the lines NN 27-28; 28-1; 1-2.

Rice. eight

Control lines are used to control the parachute (its horizontal speed). They are attached to the main lines NN 26,27, 28 and 1, 2, 3 in their lower third and end with plastic toggles at the free ends of the parachute harness.

The main lines of the dome (28 pcs.) 8 m.87 cm long are made of cotton cord with a strength of 125 kg. to break. At the lower edge of the dome, they are attached to the loops formed by the tapes of the reinforcing frame, and the other end - to the half-rings at the free ends of the suspension system.

suspension system(Fig. 9) - is a connecting link between the parachute canopy with lines and a parachutist and serves to evenly distribute the load at the time of opening the parachute canopy. A satchel is mounted to the suspension system, and dome lines are attached to the free ends.

The suspension system is made of 1600 kg nylon tape. Consists of a main circular strap (1) beginning and ending with free ends (2) and passing under the parachutist's body; two dorsal-shoulder girths (3) (left and right), forming a chest jumper (4), turning into a waist girth (5); two leg loops (6).

Rice. nine

On the suspension system are located:

* semi-rings for fastening slings (7);

* metal buckles to adjust the system for height and size (8);

* D-shaped buckles with carabiners, for fastening the system (9);

* brackets for fastening the intermediate suspension system of the reserve parachute.

knapsack(Fig. 10) - designed for laying in it the dome in the case, part of the lines and the free ends of the suspension system. Made of Avisent, has an envelope shape (double bottom with a stiffening frame and four valves). Quick opening of the knapsack valves is provided by knapsack rubbers.

Rice. ten

To hold the valves of the knapsack in the closed position, a locking device is located on them, consisting of:

* cord ring;

* two cones;

* four eyelets with a sewing washer;

* one eyelet buckle.

To streamline the process of laying and opening, a pocket made of cotton fabric is sewn to the bottom of the satchel from the inside. Ribbons for attaching the suspension system are sewn to the bottom from the outside.

Two kerchiefs with buckles are sewn on the side flaps from the outside, designed to fasten the reserve parachute pack.

Dome cover(Fig. 11) - designed for laying a parachute canopy in it, which streamlines the opening process and helps to reduce cases of canopy overlapping with lines.

The cover is made of fabric (percale or nylon) of orange color, has the shape of a sleeve 5.28 m long and is put on the entire length of the laid dome. Reinforcing tapes (1) are sewn along the entire length of the cover, which form a bridle (2) in its upper part for attaching a pull rope. In the lower part, the cover has one pair of double removable combs (3) and eleven pairs of fixed combs (4) for laying lines and ends with an apron (5) with two windows. Above each window there is a pocket for laying a bundle of slings into it. Bundles of slings, nested in double removable honeycombs, secure the lower part of the cover and prevent premature exit of the canopy from the cover. Bundles of slings laid in the honeycombs are closed with a sling fuse (6), which protects them from snagging and premature blowing out of the honeycombs by the air flow.

Rice. eleven

Pull rope designed to hold the valves of the backpack in the closed position. It has three studs at one end and a loop at the other, with which it connects to the loop of the pull rope. The lanyard is pulled through a safety cover that protects the aircraft skin from possible damage by its pins after the parachute bag is opened.

Pull rope serves for the forced opening of the parachute pack, pulling the canopy in the case out of the pack, slings from the honeycomb of the case and pulling the cover off the canopy.

It is made of nylon tape with a tear strength of 1200 kg and a length of 3 m. At one end there is a carabiner with a latch designed to hook it to the cable inside the aircraft, and at the other end there is a loop for attaching it to the bridle of the dome cover. At a distance of 1.4 m from this loop, a second loop is attached, which serves to fasten the loop of the exhaust cable.

break sling designed to connect the bridle of the dome with the loop of the pull rope, to hold the dome in the case in a taut state when pulling the lines from the honeycomb, which prevents the top of the dome from falling down the cover with its subsequent eversion and reduces the likelihood of it being overwhelmed by the lines. It is made of cotton cord ШХБ-40, 0.9 m long.

Carrying bag designed to accommodate a parachute during storage and transportation. It has a rectangular shape and has two carrying handles. The upper base of the bag is pulled together with a cord.

Passport designed to record information about the reception, transfer, operation and repair of the parachute. The passport is an integral part of the parachute. The rules for maintaining a passport are set out in the passport itself.

INTERACTION OF PARACHUTE PARTS DURING OPENING

Let us consider the operation of a parachute when performing a jump with a forced release of the knapsack and pulling the cover from the canopy with a pull rope.

When the parachutist is separated from the aircraft, the pull rope, attached with a carabiner to the cable in the cockpit, pulls the cable pins from the locking device, releases the backpack valves, which, under the action of the backpack rubber, recline to the sides. The pull rope is pulled out to its full length and, holding the cover attached to its loop with the dome laid in it, pulls it out from under the pocket at the bottom of the satchel. Next, the pocket is unchecked, the free ends are pulled and the slings come out of the honeycombs of the cover. The breaking line is stretched, breaks and the dome comes out of the cover. After that, the parachute canopy is filled. The pull rope with the cable and the canopy cover remain in the aircraft (Fig. 12).

Rice. 12

When descending on a filled canopy, the holes located in the rear half of the canopy in relation to the parachutist ensure the horizontal movement of the parachute forward.

Skydiving for beginners is carried out using a D-1-5U parachute. This is the most optimal choice in terms of price, as well as for those who do not like the fact that an instructor hangs behind their backs. The D-1-5U parachute is a round-shaped landing parachute specially designed for training jumps of beginner paratroopers, a reserve parachute Z-6P. The descent speed is 5 meters per second, and the landing in terms of strength and sensations resembles a jump from a height of one and a half meters.

You need to understand that everything that the instructor tells you is the combined experience of hundreds of thousands of other skydivers, and everything that, theoretically, can happen to you in the sky has already happened somewhere, once, to someone before, somewhere, sometime, and someone has already verified it on their own, sometimes sad, experience.
And therefore, the first-time skydiver is obliged to learn only one rule: "In any incomprehensible situation, act according to the instructions."
The briefing is divided into two main parts: the actions of a skydiver in normal mode, and actions in special cases, that is, in the event of any unplanned situations during the jump.

General provisions for persons about to make the first parachute jump

• Skydiving is allowed for persons not younger than 14 years old, who do not have health restrictions. Maximum
• permissible weight category 90 kg.
• Persons who have not been instructed, or who have not mastered it well, are not allowed to skydive.
• To make a jump, you need: shoes - high, hard, boots with a dense low sole (as an example - army berets), sneakers with thick soles. Clothing should be made of dense material, covering the arms to the hands, and the legs to the ankles. Shorts, T-shirts and the like are excluded.
• Persons under the influence of alcohol or drugs are not allowed to skydive. Also, people with abnormal blood pressure may not be allowed to jump.
• Gathering point Ulyanovsk Aerodrome "Bely Klyuch".
• Upon arrival at the airfield, everyone who is going to make a jump, after being told which “rise” he is going to, must undergo a medical examination.

On the territory of the airport it is strictly prohibited:

• smoking in places not designated for this;
• drink alcoholic beverages;
• scatter garbage;
• listen to music from portable mobile devices through headphones when moving around the airfield during flights;
• leave the location indicated by the instructor or jump leader to wait for their turn, and disperse around the airfield;
• approach without a command to the starting inspection line, and to the parachute equipment located at the start;
• located on the runway;
• approach the aircraft from the propeller side.

Parachute control

The canopy of the D-1-5U parachute has structural slots in the rear part, three triangular cutouts and control lines that allow the canopy to be deployed.
To turn around, you need to use control lines at the ends of which there are red bosses, and so, to turn the parachute in the right direction, you need to pull the control line: to turn left, you need to pull the left boss, and right - the right boss. A 360 degree turn is made in 18 seconds.

Preparation at the start

At the command “Take off to dress”, recorded on this take-off and named by last name, go to the packing table laid out at the start where the parachutes are located and each stand near your parachute, which the instructor will point you to.
In addition to the main parachute D-1-5U, each first-time paratrooper will be issued without fail, the kit includes:
spare parachute Z-6P, soft/hard helmet and parachute bag that is placed under the chest bridge and reserve.

Starting inspection

After the parachute system and ammunition are fitted and dressed, you line up on the starting inspection line. The starting inspection line is a conditional line a few meters from the laying tables. You are placed by weight in the sequence in which they will leave the aircraft, so that the heavier skydiver would be the first, and the lighter one would be the last one. This is done in order to minimize the possibility of convergence of paratroopers in the air.
The instructor will indicate the REFERENCE in which direction it will be necessary to turn around in order to stand on the "small demolition".
After completing the inspection, at the command of the instructor, head to the aircraft in the same order as you were on the line of the starting inspection. Approach to the aircraft is allowed only from the tail side. When boarding an aircraft, it is necessary to follow the same sequence that was on the inspection line, so that lighter paratroopers are closer to the cockpit, and heavy paratroopers are closer to the doors of the aircraft. On the plane, paratroopers sit down, according to the instructions of the instructor, on the left and right sides, with their backs to the wall, half a turn towards the herringbone door. The commands of the issuing instructor are obligatory for unquestioning fulfillment by all paratroopers on board.

Takeoff and climb

At an altitude of 100 meters, the issuer opens the aircraft door and gives the command to look. You must memorize what the ground looks like at that height so that you can visually determine the height of 100 meters in preparation for landing.

Branch

At the height of the drop, which is 600 meters for first-time skydivers, the releasing instructor opens the doors.
To perform a parachute jump, the following commands are given:

• preliminary - "prepare";
• executive - "went."

On command, the parachutist “went”, without delay, separates from the aircraft.
All commands issuing instructor duplicates hands.
The “Stand” command is accompanied by an upward movement of the outstretched arm, while the arm is directed towards the side that the paratroopers will leave first. The paratroopers located on the port side are the first to jump. At this command, several paratroopers sitting on the indicated side stand up and turn towards the door, while all the rest remain in their places. Separation without a release team is strictly prohibited.

Dome work

The sensation of a dynamic shock (jerk) is the main sign of the opening and filling of the parachute canopy. After feeling the dynamic jerk, you must do the following:

• Inspect the dome to assess its integrity, proper filling, and performance.
• Look around to avoid possible convergence with other skydivers.

In order to inspect the dome, you need to raise your head up so that you can see the entire dome, from its front edge to the back. The dome must be of a regular round shape, without gusts, overlaps and breaks in the lines. The canopy of the D-1-5U parachute in normal working condition is a hemisphere well filled with air flow, made of a light beige (or white) material, from the edge of which to the free ends of the suspension system are stretched, in a strict order without intersecting with each other, 28 lines .
In the back of the dome (behind the back of the parachutist) there are three triangular slots. On the right and left on the rear risers are control lines, red, with red plastic bosses.
Sometimes, when trying to inspect the dome, the skydiver may experience difficulties expressed in the fact that he cannot raise his head for inspection. This can be caused by two reasons:
there was a twist of the lines behind the parachutist's back and this prevents him from raising his head;
this does not allow making a small distance between the right and left free ends, as a result of which the parachutist's helmet rests against the elements of the suspension system.
There are two ways to eliminate the twist of the lines:

• holding the right and left free ends, try to press them against each other;
• spreading your arms to try to spin the body, the parachute lines will unwind in both cases.

Inspection of the canopy is the first action that you must take immediately after opening the parachute.
The next action of the skydiver is to look around to make sure that there is no threat of convergence (collision) with other skydivers.

Landing Rules

Landing is the final stage of the jump, requiring the skydiver to concentrate and strictly follow the established rules for a safe landing.
One of the ways to reduce the landing load is to reduce the landing speed by switching the canopy to a “small” drift, i.e. against the wind. At which the landing speed under the most favorable conditions can be reduced to a minimum.
Before landing, the skydiver must perform the following steps:

• at an altitude of 150 - 100 m, the paratrooper must stand on a "small" demolition;
• connect the legs at the knees and feet, then bend at the knees and, depending on the strength of the wind, bring forward;
• keep your feet parallel to the ground.

You need to land on the full feet of both legs, the muscles of the legs should be tense, while you should not strive to stand on your feet, perform a roll (somersault). At the same time, press your head and arms to your chest. It is strictly forbidden to lean on the exposed straight arm, palm or elbow. And we are waiting for a small but tangible impact on the ground. The parachute starts to drag you along the ground, roll over to your left side and start pulling on a pair of lower parachute lines in order to extinguish the canopy.

Actions in special cases - landing on obstacles

In all cases where an obstacle is likely to be hit, the skydiver must use the control of the parachute to avoid hitting the obstacle.

When descending into the forest

The skydiver must deploy the parachute into the wind. Squeeze your legs tightly, bend at the knees and bring them forward, keeping them tense. Lower your chin to your chest. Grasp the front free ends of the suspension system with crossed arms so that the veins of the arms are facing the face, protecting the face and neck from hitting the trunks and branches of trees. When hovering on high trees, take measures for a safe descent to the ground, using an open canopy and reserve parachute lines for this purpose.

When hitting the wall of a building

Turn around facing the wall, bring your legs forward so that you hit the wall with your feet and slide along the wall to the ground.

When hit on the roof of a building

Bring your legs forward parallel to the roof.
When a skydiver hits the middle of the roof of a building, it is necessary to fall onto the surface of the roof and stay on the building using fixed parts (pipes, antennas). In case of hit on the edge of the roof, without allowing the dome to be extinguished, jump with a parachute to the area near the building.

In case of contact with telegraph wires or power lines

If possible, pulling up in the suspension system, pass over the wires. If this fails, try to push off the wires with your feet, while protecting your face and head from possible blows against the pole or wires. If the skydiver is blown along the line, he must turn sideways downwind so as to push off the wires to the side outside the line, avoiding getting between the wires and not allowing them to get between the legs.

Causes of injuries during landing can be:

• insufficient psychological preparation (fear of jumping, fear of heights and landing, doubts about the correctness of one's actions);
• violation of the landing technique (landing with rotation, meeting the ground sideways, with the legs apart or not on the whole foot, with the arm or elbow exposed, with an incorrectly performed somersault, an attempt to “find” the approaching ground with the feet, etc.);
• landing on an obstacle or unfavorable underlying surface;
• increased landing speed;
• low general physical training of a parachutist;
• neglect of security measures and overestimation of the skydiver's capabilities.

Typical mistakes of skydivers when landing, which, as a rule, lead to injuries:

• spreading the legs when touching the ground, the desire to stand on their feet;
• landing on one leg;
• incorrect position of the feet (feet not parallel to the ground);
• landing on straight legs not bent at the knees;
• landing with a turn;
• landing on leg relaxation;
• large forward angle.

Parachute system D-1-5U

PURPOSE AND PERFORMANCE DATA

Training controlled parachute D-1-5U is designed for training jumps.

1. The design of the parachute provides, with a total flight weight of a parachutist with parachutes of 120 kg, the following performance data:

a) reliable operation at an altitude of up to 1000 m, both with its immediate introduction at a flight speed of a horizontally flying aircraft up to 250 km / h, and with any delay in opening the pack, while the maximum overloads that occur at the time of filling the dome do not exceed 10 ;

b) the minimum safe jump height from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 180 km / h with the immediate introduction of a parachute into action - 150 m;

c) the average vertical rate of descent, reduced to the standard atmosphere, measured in a section of 30-35 m from the ground - 5.11 m/s, with a standard deviation of 0.21 m/s;

d) descent stability;
e) parachute control with two control lines;

f) canopy rotation and horizontal movement of the parachutist in the process of descent, and:
- turn the canopy 360° in any direction in no more than 18 s with tension on one of the two control lines;
- horizontal movement of the parachute forward at an average speed of 2.47 m/s;

g) the use of a semi-automatic parachute opening device PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575;

h) disconnection of the dome from the suspension system with the USC locks, both on the ground and in the air;

i) use of reserve parachute type 3-2, 3-1P, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5;

j) the force required to pull out the pulling ring or pulling cable both with forced opening of the knapsack and with manual opening - no more than 16 kg;

k) assigned (technical) resource - 200 jumps during the service life of the parachute, subject to timely military repairs and replacement of the canopy cover from spare parts.

2. Dimension of packed parachute:
length - 570 + 20 mm,
width - 377 + 20 mm,
height - 262 + 20 mm.

3. The mass of the parachute with a semi-automatic device without a portable bag is not more than 17.5 kg.

DESCRIPTION

The parachute kit (Fig. 1, 2, 3) includes the following parts:

1. Pull rope (1)
2. Protective cover (2)
3. Pull cable (3)
4. Exhaust ball slingless parachute (4)
5. Dome cover (5)
6. Break sling (6)
7. Dome 82.5 m2 (7)
8. Hanging system with lintel (8)
9. Backpack with a reserve parachute attachment (9)
10. Pull ring (10)
11. Carry bag (11)
12. Pull ring with cable loop (12)
13. Device PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575
14. Flexible hose
15. Flexible hairpin halyard
16. Passport

1. Pull rope (pull link, mommy)

The pull rope (Fig. 4) is designed to turn on the parachute semi-automatic device when manually putting the parachute into action or for forced opening of the parachute pack.

It is made of nylon tape with durability 1200 kg(LTKMkrP-27-1200). The length of the pull rope is 3 m. At one end of the rope there is a carabiner 1 for attaching to the cable inside the aircraft. At the other end there is a loop 3 for attaching a halyard with a flexible pin of a semi-automatic parachute device when manually deploying a parachute, or for attaching an exhaust cable loop when jumping from an airplane with forced release of the knapsack valves, or for attaching a dome cover bridle when jumping with forced tightening of the cover from the dome. On distance 1.4 m from this loop there is a second loop 4 for locking the exhaust rope when jumping with the forced opening of the knapsack or for attaching the loop of the exhaust cable when jumping with the forced pulling of the cover from the dome with the exhaust rope. To protect the pull rope from burns, a cover 2 made of cotton tape (LHBMkr-35-260) in the form of a hollow hose is put on it. Such covers are put on all the loops of the rope and the carabiner. To control the pull rope on both sides, the carabiner has a red tape.

2. Exhaust ball slingless parachute (VShBP)

The pilot chute (Fig. 5) is designed to pull the canopy off the main canopy. The pilot chute consists of two main parts: the base of the parachute 1 and the spring mechanism 2.

The upper part of the parachute base has a hemispherical shape and is made of orange nylon fabric (art. 56005krP). The lower part of the parachute base, attached along the perimeter of the hemisphere to the top, also has a hemispherical shape, turning into a conical one.
The hemispherical part is made of nylon mesh fabric, and the conical part is made of nylon fabric (art. 56005krP).
On the outer surface of the base of the parachute, four nylon reinforcing tapes with a strength of 150 kg(LTKP-25-150) or 200 kg(LTKP-25-200), evenly spaced along the surface in the meridional direction. A grommet with a sewing washer 3 is placed at the intersection of the ribbons on the pole.
At the bottom, the tapes are brought together into a thimble 7. A cover made of a ShTKP-15-550 cord is put on the thimble. With the help of a thimble, the pilot chute is attached to the bridle of the canopy cover. On one of the ribbons on the upper hemispherical part of the pilot chute, a honeycomb (gazyr) 4 and a ribbon with a pin - check 5 are sewn.
The stud pin is designed to secure the spring mechanism of the pilot chute when folded. The spring mechanism consists of eight meridional spokes ending in heads, which are fixed at the pole with washers. The top washer is located under the grommet installed on the pole of the parachute base. Between the upper washer and the eyelet there is a washer made of organic glass or nylon.
The conical spring has 5,8 working coil, while 2,9 its coil is inside a spherical spring mechanism. The spokes of the spherical spring mechanism wrap around the upper and middle coils of the conical spring, which are connected by a limiter made of a nylon cord with strength 120 kg(ShKP-120), contributing to the preservation of the spherical shape of the parachute during its operation.
On the lower base of the conical spring, a plate is fixed, on which a cone 6 is located, designed to lock the spring mechanism in a compressed state. During check-in, the cone is passed through the holes of the upper and middle washers, led out through the grommet and secured with a pin-check, reinforced on the basis of the parachute.
When laying the parachute, the pin-check of the pilot chute is tucked into the honeycomb with the help of a tape.

3. Dome cover

The cover of the canopy is designed to streamline the process of filling the canopy and reduce cases of overlapping with lines.

Rice. 6

The cover of the dome (fig. 6) is made of percale B of orange color (art. 7015kr), has the shape of a sleeve 1 long 5.28 m and is put on the entire length of the folded dome.
The entire length of the cover is reinforced with 2 strength tapes 150 kg(LHB-25-150), which in its upper part form a bridle 3 for attaching an exhaust ball slingless parachute.
Two pockets 4 are sewn in the upper part of the cover, which facilitate the exit of the lines from the honeycombs and the pulling of the cover from the dome.
In the lower part, the cover has one pair of double rubber (removable) honeycombs 5, eleven pairs of rubber (non-removable) honeycombs 6 and two tapes for the stacking frame 7.
The apron of the cover has two windows 8 for the passage of double rubber (removable) honeycombs.
Above the windows there are pockets for laying bunches of slings in them.
Bundles of slings nested in double rubber (removable) honeycombs secure the bottom of the canopy and prevent the canopy from coming out of the canopy prematurely.
The sling guard 9 is designed to protect the slings laid in the honeycomb from snagging.

4. Dome

Dome 82.5 m2 designed for safe landing of a parachutist in a given place.
The dome (fig. 7) has a round shape and consists of four sectors. Each sector consists of five trapezoidal panels 1 with a straight cut.
Sectors and panels are stitched together with a lock seam.
The dome is made of percale P art. 7019.
In the center of the dome there is a pole hole with a diameter of 430 mm. The edge of the pole hole of the dome is reinforced on both sides with a nylon tape with strength 185 kg(LTKP-15-185), and the lower edge of the dome is reinforced with nylon tape 150 kg(LTKOUP-25-150).
From the outside, a reinforcing frame 2 is sewn onto the dome from a nylon tape with a strength of 150 kg(LTKOUP-25-150). At the lower edge of the dome, it forms 28 loops, to which slings are tied.
Reinforcing tapes 3, stitched on the seams connecting the sectors of the dome, form a bridle in the pole hole.
On the outer side of the dome, at the bottom edge, stitched 25 pockets.
The dome has 28 slings made of cotton cord with durability 125 kg(SHHBP-125). To facilitate the laying of the dome, sling 14 is red. To determine the correct connection of the dome to the QCK locks of the suspension system of the slings 1 and 28 green,
Slings 1, 14, 28 are allowed, made of unpainted cord, with sleeves adjusted at the edge of the dome and half-ring buckles; on sling 14 - orange, on slings 1 and 28 - green.
On the lower edge of the dome, to the left of the lines, their serial numbers are indicated.

Rice. 7

All lines are the same length. In the free state, the length of the lines from the lower edge of the dome to the half-ring buckles of the suspension system is equal to 8.87 m
To ensure the correct laying of the dome on the lines, at a distance of 0.45 m from the lower edge of the dome, marks are applied. According to these marks, the laying of lines into the first double checking (removable) rubber honeycombs of the dome cover begins.
On distance 1.8 m From the buckles-half-rings of the free ends of the suspension system, marks are applied to the slings, according to these marks, the (removable) cells of pockets at the bottom of the satchel are checked with slings.
On the panels of the dome between the lines 27-28, 28-1 and 1-2 there are vertical holes 4. The edges of each hole are reinforced with nylon tape strength 150 kg(LTKOUP-25-150).
To control the canopy, control lines are mounted to lines 26, 27, 28 and 3, 2, 1, the second ends of which are brought to the toggle and fixed to the rear free ends of the harness.

5. Hanging system with lintel

The harness is the connecting link between the parachute (canopy with lines) and the skydiver.

Rice. eight

The suspension system (Fig. 8) is made of nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kg(LTK-44-1600) and consists of the following main parts:
two front straps, right and left 17,
circular straps 8 with leg loops 10,
two tape adapters 14 with carabiners 9,
two back-shoulder girths 4 with buckles 3,
two pairs of free ends 2,
two ribbons of the chest jumper 5 (right with a buckle and left with a carabiner) and fuses 16.

Rice. nine

The front straps, right and left, are the main power element of the suspension system. In the upper part of each front strap there is a lock OSK 18 for detaching the free ends of the suspension system.

USC Castle(Fig. 9) has the following structural elements: body 3, lever 1, saddle body 5, spring 2, buckle 4 attached to the free ends of the suspension system, triggers 9 (left and right), safety button 7, safety catch 8, pins 6.
The lock is closed when the buckle is inserted into the body and held by the teeth of the lever, the large lever arm lies on the cylindrical surface of the saddle, and the trigger pins are inserted into the holes of the large lever arm, while the cylindrical cutouts at the end of the large lever allow you to control the entry of the pins into the holes of the large lever, button fuse must be in its highest position.
To disconnect the free ends of the suspension system using the lock, press the safety catch and lower the lock safety button to the lowest position. Then press both triggers and pull the lock body with the lever down to failure, while the lock lever will disengage from the cylindrical surface of the saddle and disconnect the lock buckle with a free end from the suspension system.

On the left front strap, at chest level, a pocket of an exhaust ring 6 is sewn. Above the pocket, at the lock for detaching the free ends of the suspension system, there is a hose tape for attaching a flexible hose.
To attach a reserve parachute to the harness, at the bottom of each front strap there is a fastening bracket 15 with a lock. A circular strap with leg loops is attached to the braces. In the lower part, the circular strap is bifurcated, the ribbons are sewn end-to-end, and an overlay 11 is sewn to them for more comfortable sitting in the harness during descent. Circular strap and leg loops have 13 buckles for height adjustment.
Each adapter tape ends with a carabiner 9, which serves to close the leg loop.
The dorsal-shoulder girths are mounted to the bodies of the locks for detaching the free ends of the suspension system and with the help of buckles form a waist girth 7.
The dorsal-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a crosspiece, to which the satchel is attached. The back-shoulder girths have 3 buckles for height adjustment.
On the right dorsal-shoulder girth there is a loop 20 for a flexible hose of an exhaust cable for forced opening of the parachute pack.
The free ends of the suspension system are attached to the suspension system with locks. Half-ring buckles 1 are met at the free ends of the suspension system, and each of the two groups is connected by jumpers and ends with a lock buckle for disconnecting the free ends of the suspension system.
In order to prevent the toggles from getting into the dome lines, two half-ring buckles are sewn on the rear free ends of the suspension system from the outside, through which the control lines pass.

Rice. ten

For the correct connection of risers to the locks of the suspension system, the rear risers are marked with the words "LEFT", "RIGHT".
If the lock is correctly installed, the signal red dots on the lever and on the saddle body (fig. 10) must be closed.
The length of the free ends of the suspension system is 560 mm.
Each half-ring buckle is equipped with 7 slings.
On the front straps of the suspension system, chest straps are mounted, which are adjustable according to the height of the parachutist.
The suspension system has chest bridge guards 16, lock guards 19 and bottom guards 12, designed to soften the impact of metal parts when filling the dome. The buckle of the OSK lock has a cover and a loop for fixing it.
Attention! Parachutes with suspension systems without USC locks are allowed.

6. Suspension system (without jumpers and locks OSK)

Rice. eleven

The suspension system (Fig. 11) is made of nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kg(LTK-44-1600) and consists of the main strap and two shoulder straps.
The main strap is stitched from tape in two additions, the ends of which form two free ends of length 430 mm.
The main strap has two curved buckles to connect it to the back and shoulder straps at the top of the harness.
A drawstring pocket is sewn onto the main strap at chest level on the left side. A flexible hose is sewn above the pocket.
In the lower part, the main strap is bifurcated, the tapes are sewn end-to-end and an overlay is sewn to them for more comfortable sitting in the harness during descent.
To attach the reserve parachute to the harness, two fastening brackets with locks are mounted in the main strap.
Back-shoulder girths, right and left, passing through the curved buckles and windows of the main strap, form a chest jumper and, with the help of two buckles, a waist girth that provides adjustment of the suspension system for growth.
The dorsal-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a crosspiece, to which the satchel is attached.
The dorsal-shoulder girths, going down from the cross, go around the main strap below the windows for the waist girth, forming triangles with a carabiner fixed on the left side, and a buckle on the right.
The lower ends of the back-shoulder girths, passed between the main strap and enveloping it in several places, form leg girths, on which buckles are mounted to adjust them according to height. Three carabiners and three buckles located on the leg loops and chest bridge serve to fasten the suspension system.
A knapsack is attached to the suspension system, and dome slings are attached to the half-ring buckles of the suspension system.

7. Backpack with a reserve parachute attachment

The knapsack is designed for packing a canopy in a case, part of the lines and free ends of the harness, an exhaust ball slingless parachute and a semi-automatic device.
The knapsack (Fig. 12, 13) is made of Avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of the bottom of the knapsack and four flaps: two side, one upper and one lower.
Two flexible hoses 2 are sewn to the upper valve 1, a plate head 3 for fastening the hose of a semi-automatic device and a tie tape 4 designed for fastening the hose of a semi-automatic device. At the base of the upper valve there are two windows 5 for the exit of the free ends of the suspension system.

Rice. 12

The upper and two side valves of the knapsack have lapels with pockets 6, which, after laying the dome in the knapsack, are filled with a laying ruler under the bottom and side valves. Lapels protect a dome from pollution.
To hold the valves in the closed position, the knapsack has a locking device, consisting of a cord ring 7, two cones 8 located on the knapsack valves, four eyelets with a sewing washer 29 and one eyelet buckle 28.
The fifth eyelet 18, installed on the right side flap between the lower and middle eyelets, is designed to fix the position of the ball slingless pilot chute inside the satchel in the folded state.
Cord ring 7 is made of silk cord SHSH-80.
Quick opening of the knapsack valves is provided by eight knapsack rubbers 9, of which seven are single and one is double.

Rice. thirteen

The length of a single knapsack rubber with pendants is 370 mm, and double - 385 mm. At one end, the knapsack rubbers are permanently attached to the wire loops on the knapsack valves.
Two kerchiefs with buckles 10 are sewn on the side flaps of the knapsack from the outside along the perimeter tape, to which fastenings of the reserve parachute 13 are attached, designed to fasten it to the main parachute and to regulate the tightness of the parachute to the body of the paratrooper.
The reserve parachute mount consists of a ribbon (LRT art. 159-T) and a carbine. The factory marking is placed on the outside of the left side valve.
Metal loops 12 are sewn on the perimeter tape of the knapsack for fastening the double knapsack rubber of the upper valve in order to prevent the exhaust ball slingless parachute from catching on the tail nut of the semi-automatic device and to protect the parachutist from being hit by the tail nut of the semi-automatic device.
On the right side flap 16 there is a device pocket 14 for placing a semi-automatic device, a carabiner pocket 15, which serves as a pocket for a substitute passport card and for laying a carabiner of an exhaust rope, a tie for attaching the device, a ring 20 for locking an exhaust rope, a hose fastening tape 21 for laying a flexible hose when jumping with a manual opening of the knapsack.
The safety valve 19, which is a continuation of the right side valve, is fastened with four buttons-turnstiles 17 after tightening the knapsack.
Safety and bottom valves have metal plates 27 for rigidity.
The bottom of the knapsack 23 from the outside has four pairs of loops 22 for attaching the suspension system to the knapsack, loops 11 for guiding the knapsack rubber.
On the bottom of the knapsack on the inside, along the lateral and lower sides of the perimeter of the stiffening frame, pockets are sewn, left and right 24, and valve 31, which prevent the canopy placed in the case from blowing off from the bottom of the knapsack at the moment the parachute opens and ensure consistent pulling out of the case with the canopy placed in it.
On the inner sides of the pockets, a knapsack cord is skipped.
At the upper valve of the satchel, the pockets have holes 25, under the facing of which metal rings are inserted for rigidity.
Rubber honeycombs 26 are passed through the holes, which are closed with bundles of slings. Rubber honeycombs are attached with a loop-noose to a cord attached to the upper valve of the knapsack at the stiffening frame. The cord and the attachment point of the honeycomb with the cord are covered with loops.

8. Flexible hose

The flexible hoses are designed to guide the movement of the 3-pin lanyard cable and the lanyard or lanyard ring during pulling and to prevent accidental snagging. The flexible hose (Fig. 14) is made of a metal flexible hose 1 covered with cotton tape (LXH-40-130) 2.

Rice. fourteen

The ends of the hose with tape are tucked into caps 3.
Flexible hose length 515 mm.
The flexible hose of the three-pin lanyard or the cable loop lanyard is sewn at one end to the upper flap of the backpack, and at the other end to the suspension system above the lanyard pocket.
A flexible hose for forced opening of the exhaust cable is sewn at one end to the upper valve of the satchel, the other end is not sewn.

9. Pull ring

The pull ring (Fig. 15) is designed for manual opening of the parachute pack. It fits into a pocket located on the left front strap of the harness.
The exhaust ring consists of a ring 1, a cable 2, three pins 3 and a limiter 4. The trapezoidal ring is made of steel wire with a diameter of Ø 7 mm.
To quickly find the ring, the part protruding from the pocket is painted red.
The protrusions on two opposite sides of the ring hold it in the pocket of the harness. For the convenience of gripping by hand, the handle of the ring in relation to the base is bent at 60° and thickened.

Rice. fifteen

The ring has two guide holes through which the cable passes, ending with three pins. The cable is fixed in the ring with a limiter. The pull ring cable pins are designed to close the eyelets on the knapsack cones.
Cable pins are located at a distance from each other 150 mm.
The first hairpin, counting from the ring, has a length 38 mm, and the rest - 32 mm. The length of the cable from the end of the last pin to the limiter inclusive is equal to 1070 mm.

10. Pull ring with cable loop

The pull ring with a cable loop (Fig. 16) is designed to open the parachute in the event of a break or failure of the pull rope.

Rice. sixteen

It fits into a pocket located on the left front strap of the harness. The exhaust ring consists of a ring 1, a cable 2, a loop 3, a limiter 5 and a sleeve 4.
Trapezoidal ring made of steel wire Ø 7 mm. To quickly find the ring, the part protruding from the pocket is painted red.
The protrusions on two opposite sides of the ring keep it in the pocket on the harness. For the convenience of gripping by hand, the handle of the ring in relation to the base is bent at 60° and thickened.
The ring has two guide holes through which the cable passes, ending with a loop, into which, when laying, the first pin of the exhaust cable is threaded, closing the grommet on the cone of the knapsack.
The cable is fixed in the ring with a limiter. The length of the cable from the loop to the limiter inclusive is equal to 785 mm.

11. Pull rope

The traction cable (Fig. 17) is intended for the forced opening of the parachute pack using the traction rope. The exhaust cable 1 has three pins 2 at one end, and a loop 3 at the other.

Rice. 17

The cable pins are designed to close the eyelets on the knapsack cones, and the cable loop is to connect the traction cable with the traction rope loop; a rubber tube is put on the cable loop.
The studs of the cable for closing the valves of the knapsack are located one from the other at a distance 150 mm. The first pin, counting from the cable loop, has a length 38 mm; and the rest - 32 mm.
The length of the traction cable from the loop to the last pin, inclusive, is equal to 1015 mm.

12. Protective cover

The protective cover (Fig. 18) is used to protect the aircraft skin from possible damage by its pins of the exhaust cable after the opening of the parachute pack.

Rice. eighteen

Case 1 has the shape of a sleeve length 990 mm, is made from raincoat fabric. At one end of the cover there is a loop 2, which is connected with a loop-noose to the loop of the exhaust cable.
In the packed parachute, the cover is assembled in the form of an accordion towards the cable loop. After the cable pins come out of the cones, the safety cover is straightened along the exhaust cable and completely covers it.

13. Device PPK-U-575A

The semi-automatic device PPK-U-575A (or KAP-3P-575) is designed for automatic opening of the parachute.
Characteristics, description and operating rules of the device are given in the technical description and instructions and in the passport for the device.
The general view of the device is shown in fig. nineteen.
Instrument hose length 575 mm, loop length 19 mm. Rope length 732 mm. The flexible hairpin halyard is not included in the device kit, but is included in the parachute kit.

Rice. nineteen

14. Break sling

The break sling (Fig. 20) is designed to connect the bridle of the canopy with the loop of the pull rope when the parachute is put into action by forced opening of the knapsack and pulling the cover from the main dome with the pull rope.
The break sling is made of cotton cord (SHHB-60). The cord is folded in half and stitched with a zigzag stitch, while at one end of the broken sling a loop is formed, and at the other - two ends of the cord with a length of 505 and 605 mm. The loop is attached to the bridle of the dome, and the ends of the sling are attached to the loop of the pull rope. The ends of the broken sling are attached in such a way that, when one end of the broken sling is taut, the other end has a slack equal to a quarter of the stretched end of the sling.

Rice. 20

15. Flexible hairpin halyard

The flexible hairpin halyard is the connecting link between the flexible hairpin of the semi-automatic device and the pull rope.
Length of flexible hairpin halyard 130 mm.
The halyard is made of kapron cord with durability 200 kg(ShKP-200) in two additions and ends with loops, one of which is mounted with a noose loop to the flexible pin of the device, the other - to the end loop of the exhaust rope.

16. Carrying bag

The portable bag is designed for packing the parachute into it during transportation and storage.
A portable bag (Fig. 21) is rectangular in shape, has two handles 1 for carrying, a tape 2 and a loop with a tag 3 for sealing.
The upper base of the bag is pulled together with a drawstring 4.

Rice. 21

The bag is closed with a valve 5 using two half-ring buckles 6 and a ribbon. The cord passes through the tag and is sealed with a mastic seal. The portable bag is made of Avisent, the size of the bag with the parachute stowed in it 590 x 260 x 740 mm.

17. Passport

The passport (form 13a) is designed to record information about the acceptance, transfer, operation and repair of a parachute. The passport is an integral part of the parachute. The rules for maintaining a passport are set out in the passport itself.

(laying option for forced contraction of the cover)

1. Exhaust halyard - is used for forced disengagement of the knapsack and tightening of the cover:

Length - 3 meters, tensile strength - 1200 kg.

Has a carabiner 1 , average 4 and bottom 3 loop, to protect the pull rope from burns, a cover is put on it 2 from a cotton tape (LHBMkr-35-260) in the form of a hollow hose.

2. Checking cable (exhaust cable) - used to check the satchel. Has three pins 2 , rubber loop 3 , protective case 4 , case loop 5 .

3. Dome cover:

Material - percale. Length - 5.3 m.

The cover of the dome is made of orange percale B (art. 7015kr), has the shape of a sleeve -1 5.28 m long and is worn over the entire length of the folded dome.

The entire length of the cover is reinforced with ribbons -2 with a strength of 150 kg (LHB-25-150), which form a bridle in its upper part -3 for attaching an exhaust ball slingless parachute (SHVP).

There are two pockets on the top of the case -4 , facilitating the exit of the lines from the honeycombs and the contraction of the cover from the dome.

The bottom of the case has one pair of double rubber (removable) honeycombs -5 , eleven pairs of rubber (non-removable) honeycombs -6 and two tapes for the laying frame -7 .

The cover apron has two windows -8 for skipping double rubber (removable) honeycombs.

Above the windows there are pockets for laying bunches of slings in them.

Bundles of lines inserted into double rubber (removable) honeycombs secure the lower part of the canopy and prevent the canopy from coming out of the canopy prematurely (two honeycombs out of 11 on each side are allowed to break).

Sling guard -9 designed to protect lines laid in honeycombs from snagging.

Two guides made of power tapes for inserting the frame (when laying, for more convenient lashing of lines).

Dome

Area: 82.5m2

Material: percale P.

Over the entire area, the dome is stitched with power tapes, forming a power frame.

On the panels, between 27 and 28, 28 and 1, 1 and 2 lines there are triangular slots for the release of overpressure air, resulting in horizontal speed and control.

Slings

Length: 8.87m

Quantity: 28

Material ШХБ-125 (cotton cord with a breaking force of 125 kg).

Line No. 14 is marked red along its entire length (or orange cuffs at the free end and on the edge of the dome). With this sling begin laying.

A control line is mounted to lines 26, 27, 28 and 1, 2, 3.

suspension system

Material: LTK-1600 (nylon rigging tape, tensile strength 1600 kg)

4 risers

Main (circular) webbing

2 leg loops

2 back and shoulder girths

Chest strap (jumper)

Waist girth

2 fastening locks

Ring pocket on left shoulder

Flexible hose fastening harness (on the side of the ring)

1 chest carabiner

2 foot carabiners

3 reciprocal D-shaped buckles for carabiners

The suspension system (Fig. 11) is made of nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kg(LTK-44-1600) and consists of the main strap and two shoulder straps.

The main strap is stitched from tape in two additions, the ends of which form two free ends of length 430 mm.
The main strap has two curved buckles designed to connect it to the back and shoulder straps at the top of the harness.

A drawstring pocket is sewn onto the main strap at chest level on the left side. A flexible hose is sewn above the pocket.
In the lower part, the main strap is bifurcated, the tapes are sewn end-to-end and an overlay is sewn to them for more comfortable sitting in the harness during descent.

To attach the reserve parachute to the harness, two fastening brackets with locks are mounted in the main strap.
Back-shoulder girths, right and left, passing through the curved buckles and windows of the main strap, form a chest jumper and, with the help of two buckles, a waist girth that provides adjustment of the suspension system for growth.

The dorsal-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a crosspiece, to which the satchel is attached.

The dorsal-shoulder girths, going down from the cross, go around the main strap below the windows for the waist girth, forming triangles with a carabiner fixed on the left side, and a buckle on the right.

The lower ends of the back-shoulder girths, passed between the main strap and enveloping it in several places, form leg girths, on which buckles are mounted to adjust them according to height. Three carabiners and three buckles located on the leg loops and chest bridge serve to fasten the suspension system.

A knapsack is attached to the suspension system, and dome slings are attached to the half-ring buckles of the suspension system.

knapsack

The knapsack is designed for packing a canopy in a case, part of the lines and free ends of the harness, an exhaust ball slingless parachute and a semi-automatic device.

The knapsack is made of Avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of the bottom of the knapsack and four valves: two side, one upper and one lower.

To top valve 1 sewn on two flexible hoses 2 , insert head 3 for attaching the hose of a semi-automatic device and a tie band 4 designed for attaching the hose of a semi-automatic device. There are two windows at the base of the top flap 5 to exit the free ends of the suspension system.

The upper and two side flaps of the satchel have lapels with pockets 6 , which, after laying the dome in the knapsack, are filled with a laying ruler under the bottom and side valves. Lapels protect a dome from pollution.

To hold the valves in the closed position, the backpack has a locking device consisting of a cord ring. 7 , two cones 8 located on the valves of the satchel, four eyelets with a sew-on washer 29 and one eyelet buckle 28 .

Fifth eyelet 18 , mounted on the right side flap between the lower and middle eyelets, is designed to fix the position of the ball slingless pilot chute inside the satchel in the folded state.

cord ring 7 made from silk cord SHSH-80.
Fast opening of the backpack valves is provided by eight backpack rubbers 9 , of which seven are single and one is double.

The length of a single knapsack rubber with pendants is 370 mm, and double - 385 mm. At one end, the knapsack rubbers are permanently attached to the wire loops on the knapsack valves.

Two kerchiefs with buckles are sewn on the side flaps of the satchel from the outside along the perimeter tape 10 to which the reserve parachute mounts are attached 13 , designed to attach it to the main parachute and to control the fit of the parachute to the parachutist's body.

The reserve parachute mount consists of a ribbon (LRT art. 159-T) and a carbine. The factory marking is placed on the outside of the left side valve.

metal hinges 12 sewn on the perimeter tape of the knapsack for fastening the double knapsack rubber of the upper valve in order to prevent the exhaust ball slingless parachute from catching on the tail nut of the semi-automatic device and to protect the parachutist from being hit by the tail nut of the semi-automatic device.

On the right side valve 16 instrument pocket located 14 for placing a semi-automatic device, carabiner pocket 15 , which serves as a pocket for a passport replacement card and for laying a carabiner of a pull rope, a ribbon-tie for attaching the device, a ring 20 for locking the pull rope, hose fastening tape 21 for laying a flexible hose when jumping with a manual opening of the knapsack.

Safety valve 19 , which is a continuation of the right side flap, is fastened with four turnstile buttons 17 after tightening the bag.

Safety and bottom valves have metal plates 27 to give rigidity.

The bottom of the satchel 23 on the outside has four pairs of loops 22 for attaching the suspension system to the backpack, belt loops 11 for guiding knapsack rubber.

At the bottom of the knapsack on the inside on the side and bottom sides of the perimeter of the stiffening frame, pockets are sewn, left and right 24 , and valve 31 , which prevent the canopy placed in the case from blowing off from the bottom of the satchel at the moment of opening the parachute and ensuring consistent pulling out of the case with the canopy placed in it.

On the inner sides of the pockets, a knapsack cord is skipped.
At the top flap of the satchel, the pockets have holes 25 , under the facing of which metal rings are inserted for rigidity.

Rubber honeycombs are passed through the holes 26 , which are closed with bundles of slings, Rubber honeycombs are attached with a noose loop to a cord attached to the upper valve of the knapsack at the stiffening frame. The cord and the attachment point of the honeycomb with the cord are covered with loops.

1. Interior:

a) Two rubber honeycombs in the upper part of the knapsack (participate in the formation of supporting valves - two lower folds of the cover are placed in them)

b) Two supporting valves - streamline the exit of the cover from the knapsack

c) Lower safety valve - protects the lines from wear

2. Outer part

a) Right valve (when viewed from the back)

1. Four eyelets (1, 2, 4 - elements of the checking device, 3 - viewing)

2. Protective valve with rigid plate and 4 turnstiles

3. 3 fur loops for knapsack rubbers

4. Wire ring for cable fixing

5. Pocket for mounting a safety device

6. Flexible hose harness

b) Left valve

2. Wire ring with soft loop (<неразборч>)

3. Cone - an element of a checking device

4. 3 coat loops

5. Factory and inventory numbers of the parachute

c) Bottom valve

1. Eyelet buckle

2. One coat loop

d) Top valve

2. Fur loop

3. Bayonet plate for mounting a safety device (guarantees that when the device is triggered, it will not be pulled to the check device)

4. 2 flexible hoses

3. The back of the backpack

a) 9 fur loops for knapsack rubber

b) 2 harnesses for passing backpack rubbers (elastic bands must be passed through the harnesses!)

c) Harness for attaching the backpack to the harness (there are no large loads on the connection, the backpack can be unfastened from the harness, with the parachute open, there is no load on the backpack, only on the harness)

d) 2 kerchiefs with ribbons for pulling up the reserve parachute (the ribbons after pulling up must be tied in a knot to prevent their spontaneous loosening).

Preparing for the jump of the Z-5 series 4 reserve parachute

1. External examination of the parachute for symmetry and aesthetics (uneven protruding valves, pulled out free ends).

2. Inspection for the absence of snow, ice, dirt, any foreign objects:

a) checking device

b) flexible hose

c) ring pocket

d) SK windows (free ends)

3. Make sure that the slack in the cable is bent into a ring.

4. The correct position of the pins is the one closest to the ring until it stops, the farthest one rests against the grommet with a braid, a loop of cable between the pins (so that you can comb the parachute with your hands if the ring is not found).

5. The presence of a seal on the checking device with the date of laying. It must be less than 3 months from the date of installation.

6. Availability and good condition of knapsack rubbers: two doubles on the bottom, on the top, and one each on the right and left valves.

The order of operation of the ZP in the air

1. The ring is pulled out, the knapsack is checked.

2. Knapsack elastic bands stretch the flaps to the sides.

3. The exhaust device enters the stream (the exhaust device on the Z-5 series 4 is pockets sewn onto the pole of the dome, covering the pole hole).

4. Extractor pulls the top of the canopy out of the backpack

5. With the help of an exhaust device and through the pole hole, the upper part of the dome is filled

6. The lower part of the dome comes into operation

7. The final filling of the dome takes place

8. Slings come out of the rubber honeycombs on the knapsack

Device Z-5 Series 4

Capron dome 1 , with an area of ​​50 m 2, is stitched with power tapes over the entire area. Length (radius) 3.6m. Pole hole diameter: 70cm. Exhaust pockets (7 pieces) are sewn over the pole hole. 24 nylon lines. Breaking force for each - 150kg.

At the bottom of the slings are tied to the intermediate suspension system ZP 2 , consisting of 4 SC, sewn in pairs, between which there is a jumper (the jumper ensures the operation of the SP in the event of unhooking one of the free ends).

knapsack 3 has four valves, inside there are rubber honeycombs for lashing lines, a scarf separating the lines from the dome (when stowed).

General view of the packed parachute 3-5 series 4(parachute pack PZ-74, dome 3-5): A - front view of the packed parachute; B - rear view of the packed parachute.

Special cases when performing skydiving

1. Involuntary check of the knapsack:

a) On the ground - notify the issuer and, at his command, having collected the cover in an armful, leave the aircraft.

b) In the air - notify the issuer and, at his command, having collected the cover in his hands, transfer to the cockpit. Landing is carried out on board.

2. Accident on board the aircraft:

a) Before takeoff - at the command of the releaser, leave the aircraft, first the left side, then the right, run back to a safe distance of 100 meters or more at 45º towards the tail.

b) Climbing accident - at an altitude of 300 meters and below when an accident signal is given (one continuous beep), landing is carried out on board the aircraft, for this, press your head as low as possible to your knees and pull it into your shoulders, fix yourself on the bench as can be more reliable. After the aircraft stops, at the command of the releaser, leave the aircraft, first the left side, then the right, run back to a safe distance of 100 or more meters at 45º towards the tail.

ATTENTION!

It is allowed to remove the helmet for a short time to put on goggles at an altitude above 300 meters.

c) Accident at an altitude of 1000 meters and above - at the command of the releaser, leave the aircraft, first the left side, then the right side, the introduction of the main parachute at a standard opening height of 1000 meters.

d) Accident at an altitude of 1000 - 600 meters - the introduction of the main parachute immediately after separation.

e) An accident at an altitude of 600-300 meters - the introduction of a reserve parachute immediately after separation.

f) Crash at an altitude of 300 meters and below - introduction of a reserve parachute stall method.

Stall method- having approached the edge of the door, stick out the RFP into the edge of the door and pull out the exhaust ring of the RFP, we are waiting for the parachute to pull us out.

ATTENTION!

In case of emergency leaving the aircraft above 300 meters, paratroopers are required to do this as quickly as possible, each subsequent one pushes the one in front by the shoulders.

3. Hanging overboard:

a) On the exhaust line:

Incorrectly put on harness - the haulage is missing under it.

The locking of the exhaust halyard did not break.

Actions:

Find the door and let out with your eyes, double go-ahead to show that we are in an adequate state. The issuer decides whether to cut the halyard or pull the aircraft on board.

Immediately after cutting the exhaust halyard - the beginning of free fall, enter the RFP according to the complete failure scheme.

b) hovering on the tail or landing gear:

Actions:

Independently cut the free ends of the main parachute. It is necessary to cut one at a time, starting with the tightest one, throw the cutter aside and enter the RFP according to the complete failure scheme.

4. Department injury:

Actions:

Immediately enter the RFP under the scheme of complete failure.

5. Random fall:

Reverse deflection.

Unsymmetrical body position.

Appearance:

Rotation in all planes.

Actions:

Bend in the pelvis, lift your head back, fix the pose of the star .

In case of failure - height control, group (fetal position ), bend again, attempt to stabilize, and then open the main parachute.

6. flat corkscrew- this is a rotation on the stomach with increasing speed.

Incorrect position of hands and feet

Body twist.

Appearance:

Spinning on the belly

Rotation speed increases

As a result of the action of centrifugal force, it is difficult / impossible to pull up the arms and legs, as a result - loss of consciousness.

Actions:

In case of failure - height control

Repeat attempts to group, bend to a height of 1100 meters, and then open the OP.

Complete failures

1. Non-clearing of the satchel:

a) On a rope (on a check):

Unhooked carabiner

False carabiner engagement

Breakage of the exhaust halyard

PRP break

False installation of a check cable on a halyard

Appearance:

After separation from the aircraft and the countdown of the set time, there is no dynamic impact and a dome overhead

Continues to fall on the stomach.

Actions:

Entering the RFP according to the complete failure scheme

b) When jumping to manual opening:

I. Did not find the ring:

Blown ring out of pocket

The ring is closed by elements of clothing

Fogged glasses

Actions:

If the height is more than 600 meters, search with the right hand on the left shoulder according to the principle: shoulder, there is a hose on the shoulder, a cable sticks out of it, there is a ring at the end of the cable.

The search is carried out at the expense of 5.

In case of failure - the introduction of the RFP according to the scheme of complete failure.

II. Couldn't get the ring out.

Actions:

Pull with both hands

If it didn’t work out - altitude control - above 600 meters - pull again

In case of failure, put the RFP into operation according to the total failure scheme.

III. Breakage of the cable of the exhaust ring:

Wire rope steel wires are worn out.

Appearance:

After pulling out the ring and counting the set time, the fall on the stomach continues

When changing the position of the body and looking back (putting one hand to the side at 90º, pressing the other hand to the body), we see nothing behind the back.

Actions:

Altitude control - if above 600 meters - search for a cable (see search for a pull ring).

ATTENTION!

When jumping with an opening delay of 10 seconds or more and failures associated with the non-checking of the knapsack, the introduction of the ZP should be carried out at a height of at least 600 meters.

2. Shading– The most common and easily repaired complete failure. We assume it first of all if, after pulling out the ring and counting the time, the fall on the stomach continues.

When jumping on a check, it happens in 20% of cases.

As a result of a correct and stable posture on the stomach, the ball screw remains lying in the zone of aerodynamic shading from the body.

Appearance:

When looking back, we see a dangling ball screw on the back.

Actions:

a) Change the position of the body in the flow. To do this, we press one hand to the chest, put the other to the side and strain. There is a blockage of the body on its side.

b) We look towards the outstretched hand.

c) We control the departure of the ball screw, pulling out the cover with it.

d) We return to the starting position (the standard pose in the joint venture is called the “box”).

e) We are counting 3 seconds.

f) If after 3 seconds there is no dome, enter the RFP for a complete failure.

3. Absence of a cover from a knapsack:

Dirt (in summer), water, ice (in winter) inside the backpack, sticking of the cover.

Appearance:

After pulling out the ring, the fall on the stomach continues, and when the position of the body changes, we see 2-3 meters of the cover behind the back, at the end - a dangling ball screw in working or non-working condition. The picture is static, does not change, the disclosure process is not in progress.

Actions:

a) Altitude control.

b) If the height is more than 600, hit the knapsack 2-3 times with your elbows.

c) If the disclosure process did not go to enter the RFP on a complete failure.

4. Absence of slings from rubber honeycombs / non-exit of the cover

(Two different failures, but look and handle identical)

Appearance:

After pulling out the ring, the fall is carried out vertically, there is no dynamic impact, 1-8m lines above the head and an orange cover (if the lines do not come out) or 9m lines (if the cover does not come off).

Foreign objects in lashed slings, ball screws not buckled, freezing of the cover with the dome, the frame left in the cover when laying.

Actions:

a) Altitude control.

b) If the height is more than 600, pull the SK down and to the sides 2-3 times.

c) In case of failure, enter the RFP on a complete failure.

5. Arc- the most unpleasant type of complete failure, because with an unrepaired arc, there is a probability of failure of the RP - confusing the RP with the OP.

The parachute has two attachment points on the parachutist: the SC and the hooked ball screw or the top of the cover.

Appearance:

The fall can be carried out in any position. Above the skydiver, the cover forms a loop (arc).

Actions:

a) Altitude control.

b) If the height is more than 600, we make an attempt to eliminate the hook.

c) In case of failure, altitude control.

d) If the height is still more than 600, we repeat the attempt to eliminate the hook.

e) In case of failure, we introduce the RFP on a complete failure, ensuring the input of the RFP into a clear sky. To do this, we take the rags to the side with the other hand, enter the RFP with the other.

Partial failures

1. Dome Rush

Appearance:

Above the head is a filled dome with a gust that crosses a force tape with an area of ​​​​more than 1m 2. Possible rotation.

Actions:

a) Height control

b) If the canopy is controlled, then we work on the landing area up to a height of 400-300

c) We introduce the RFP for partial failure.

2. Sling gust

Gust allowed 4 lines in a row, or 5 in different locations. If more - partial failure.

Appearance:

Above the head is a filled dome, we see several torn lines. The lower edge of the dome flaps and folds.

3. overlap

3.1. Overlap at the edge

Appearance:

Above the head is a filled dome in the form of an asymmetrical figure eight. Pronounced large and small halves.

Reason: laying error at the stage of laying the dome.

Actions:

a) Height control

b) If the height is greater than 300, try to extinguish the smaller half of the canopy by retracting the line farthest from the overlap on the smaller half of the canopy. After this half is repaid, the overwhelmed sling will come off.

c) In case of failure, enter the RFP for partial failure at an altitude of 300 meters or more.

3.2. Overlap in the center

Appearance:

Overhead dome in the shape of a symmetrical figure eight, intensive rotation

Actions:

a) Height control

b) If the height is more than 300, cut the overlapping sling

c) In case of failure, enter the RFP at an altitude of 300 meters or more.

General Procedure for Detecting a Total Failure

1. Failure detection

2. Height control

3. If the height is more than 600, determine the cause of the failure and how to eliminate it

4. Make a decision to eliminate

5. Implement the decision

ATTENTION!

We have one attempt to eliminate the failure, except for the “arc”, two attempts are allowed for it.

6. In case of failure, enter the RFP according to the complete failure scheme:

a) bend over

b) Find the ZP ring with your eyes

c) Grab the RFP ring

d) Put your left hand behind your back, bring your legs together

e) Pull the ZP ring back with the right hand (for ZP Z-5ser4)

ATTENTION!

If the ring could not be found when entering the RFP:

a) Open the safety valve of the studs.

b) Grab the cable between the pins.

c) Pull out the pins in the direction where the ring should be.

Algorithm of actions upon detection of a partial failure:

1. Detect failure

2. Height control

3. If the height is more than 300 meters, we try to eliminate the failure (for partial failure - 300 meters).

4. If the failure is unrecoverable, then we control the parachute to a height of 300m.

ATTENTION!

The RFP must be entered at a height of at least 300 meters.

Special cases when parachuting

1. Jumping in SMU (difficult weather conditions).

1.1. Opening in or above the clouds:

There is no binding to the terrain and to other paratroopers.

Actions:

Immediately after opening and inspecting the dome, we rotate to the right side until vertical and horizontal visibility is obtained. By rotating, we bring our trajectory closer to the trajectory of the neutral dome.

1.2. updrafts

Appearance:

The descent stopped, the altimeter shows the same height for a long time, or shows a climb, other paratroopers from our approach have significantly decreased relative to us.

Warm air rises from the damp earth warmed by the sun.

Actions:

1st method: retraction of the 14th line to reduce canopy area and increase vertical speed. (At a height of 200, retraction should be stopped, carefully release the line so that the resulting loop sags in front and does not pass between the legs)

2nd method: put the canopy sideways to the wind, hold the canopy in this position for a long time.

1.3. Jumping in strong wind

a) Determine the area of ​​​​possible landing by the method dead zone.

b) Stand on a small demolition.

c) Retract the 14th line - the vertical speed will increase, thereby reducing the parachuting time, and hence the horizontal drift.

Determination of the area of ​​possible landing by the dead zone method

1. Stand sideways to the wind.

2. Imagine the area of ​​vision as a screen, the gaze rests on the center of the screen, fixed on it (the direction of gaze is at 45 0 down).

3. Objects that crawl up the screen are objects that we cannot reach.

4. Objects that crawl down the screen - fly over.

5. A narrow strip on the "screen", remaining in place, is the area of ​​​​our landing.

2. Convergence of paratroopers:

2.1. Vertical convergence

Appearance:

One parachutist descends on the dome of the second.

Actions:

a) Turn away from the other dome 90 0 to the right.

b) Establish audio contact with the bottom skydiver

c) Give the lower jumper a command to turn in the opposite direction (the direction of his movement can be determined by the slots in the rear of the canopy).

d) In case of failure (the upper parachutist directly descends on the canopy of the lower one)

e) With a brisk, energetic step, we move towards the nearest edge, but not towards the cracks, trying not to hook the cover and the ball screw with our foot and not fall into the pole hole.

ATTENTION!

Set the audio contact before touching the canopy with your feet so that the lower skydiver is ready for action to prevent falling into other people's lines.

f) After jumping off the canopy, one of the parachutists will be at the level of other people's lines. He assumes a star pose in the front (if the lines are in front or behind) or in profile (if the lines are on the right or left).

g) If the distance to the lines is less than 2 meters:

h) We rest against other people's lines and pushes him away by 2-3 meters.

i) It becomes possible to escape with the help of the horizontal speed of the canopy. The lower jumper, whose lines rest against, takes actions to go in the opposite direction.

j) If it was not possible to push off, and one paratrooper flew into the lines of another, or passed through the dome control slots.

a) Carefully observe the work of two domes

b) If there is a tendency to extinguish one of them, the upper skydiver enters the PO on partial failure and holds the lower one by the lines or canopy, if possible, catching them on the elements of the harness and holding them until the moment of landing.

c) If it fails to hold, the upper one gives the command to the lower one to enter the RFP.

2.2. Horizontal convergence

Appearance:

Skydivers are approximately at the same height, approaching each other (the minimum safe distance between skydivers is 25-30 meters).

Actions:

The first one who noticed the convergence turns to the right by 90 0 and instructs the second one to turn in the opposite direction. Next, see vertical convergence, starting with the actions of not hitting other people's lines.

Special cases on landing

1. Landing in a strong wind

Appearance:

Even on a small demolition, the ground leaves from under the feet very quickly.

Actions:

Landing on a small drift, facing in the direction of travel (turn in the suspension).

2. Landing on the forest

Several options to choose from:

a) Landing on a small drift with a turn in the harness in the direction of travel. Feet together, feet parallel to the obstacle.

The lowered legs protect the groin, the chest and stomach protect the ZP, the chin is pressed to the chest, protects the neck.

The disadvantage of this option is that the face is open.

b) Landing on a small drift without turning in the suspension. The elbows are pressed, the hands are suspended, the hands are raised, protecting the face.

Cons - the back is not protected.

c) Landing on a big drift. The elbows are pressed, the hands are suspended, the hands are raised, protecting the face.

Cons - high horizontal speed.

When hanging from a tree:

Keeping the tuck position to twitch in the harness, be ready to fall (this is done to make sure that we are hooked well, and if it is bad, then the fall does not come as a surprise to us).

If we hang hard:

a) If possible, pull yourself up to the trunk, clasp it with your hands, sit on a branch.

b) Call the start, report the situation.

ATTENTION!

You can get out of the suspension system only when you can take a step to the ground, if you need to jump or get off, get out of the suspension system. forbidden – waiting for rescuers.

It is necessary to sit deeper in the suspension system, move your arms and legs to avoid their leakage and hypothermia in winter.

An independent descent from a tree is allowed in cases where further waiting for lifeguards is impossible.

Tree climbing:

1. Get RFP on partial failure.

2. Throw the RFP down away from the branches.

3. Assess whether the RFP reaches the ground.

4. If not enough:

a) We cut the jumper on the intermediate suspended RFP.

b) Disconnect one group of SCs, throw them down, avoiding falling into the dome of the ZP.

c) We unfasten the ZP backpack on one side.

d) After making sure that we are sitting deep in the harness, wrap the bundle of RF lines around the leg twice

e) Press the bundle of lines with the foot to the foot

e) Unfasten the chest strap

g) Unfasten the leg loops

h) Take turns to release your hands from the shoulder girths

i) Get out of the circular strap, holding on to the suspension

j) To carry out the descent, holding a bundle of lines of the RFP with your hands. Adjust the rate of descent by passing the lines between the feet.

a) Skydiver on the ground, the canopy is hooked to the trees:

Call back to the airfield, do not leave the dome.

b) Skydiver on the ground, parachute on a tree and we know our position relative to the airfield

We leave the forest.

3. Landing on buildings

Landing is carried out on a small demolition with a turn in the suspension in the direction of travel. Feet parallel to the surface.

a) When landing on the far edge of the roof (almost flew over):

Push off and jump down.

b) When landing on the near edge or middle:

Fix on the surface.

If the roof is smooth - spread your arms and legs for a larger grip area, try to extinguish the dome.

If the roof of a residential building, fix on the pipe, ladder, antenna with your hands (for a guarantee, wind 1-2 slings).

If it was not possible to fix (pulls) - the grouping position, we meet the ground with our feet.

c) We fly into the wall:

Feet parallel to the surface. We meet the window opening with two legs together, with a blow to the center of the frame - either we push off, or we break it and get inside.

If it gets inside, fix in the room by grabbing a heavy stationary object - a window sill, a battery, a bed.

4. Landing on a body of water

a) Up to a height of 300 meters, we are trying not to get into the reservoir.

b) From a height of 300 meters we are preparing to land on the water.

c) Sit deeper in the circular strap (the criterion is that the leg loops are free, not stretched).

d) Unfasten the ZP on one side (one SK group, one side support carabiner

d) Take the RFP to the side

e) Unfasten the chest strap. After that, you can not lean forward so as not to fall out of the suspension.

g) Unfasten the leg loops. After that, you can not bend.

h) Avoid falling out of the suspension system forward or down.

i) When splashing down, the posture of grouping.

j) Landing on a small drift.

k) At the moment of touching the water, bend, slide out of the suspension system below.

ZP within 7-10 minutes can be used as a swimming facility.

If possible, we transport the dome to the shore beyond the top, swimming up to it in a wide arc.

In case of getting into the slings, without making sudden movements, smoothly remove them from the limb.

5. Landing on power lines.

The pose is like when landing on a forest, we meet the power lines with our faces.

If the wires go to the legs, push off from the neighbor so as not to reach him.

When passing between the wires, press as close as possible to the far one in order to exclude contact with two wires at the same time.

One wire can be grasped in two places at a distance of no more than 60 cm.

If we hang below the level of the wires, and the dome pulls up: arms crosswise on the SC, with our elbows we rest against the wire, avoiding strangulation. If possible, we unfasten the chest jumper, we are waiting for the rescuers.

If we are standing on the ground: make sure that the metal parts of the outboard are not energized - touch them with the back of your hand. We unfasten the suspension, move to a safe distance of ~ 30 meters in one of the following ways:

a) We move in small steps without taking our shoes off the ground

b) Jump with both feet together

c) Lie on the ground and roll

Do not allow two points to touch the ground!

6. Landing on the town.

Avoid by all means. If it doesn't work, see landing on buildings.

7. Landing on a plane

Avoid by all means. If it doesn't work out: legs together. The task is not to get your feet on the wings between the spars.