The message about the icon was saved by the miraculous. Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands - a saving ancient relic

28.09.2019

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Ubrus- 1) boards, linen, towel; 2) Holy (Holy) Ubrus - The Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands; boards with miraculous image face.

Has Holy Ubrus survived to this day?

The legend of the Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands brings us the story of the origin of this.

When the ruler of Edessa, Abgar Ukhama, who was suffering from a serious illness (leprosy), incurable by conventional medical means, learned about what Christ was doing in Palestine, he sent his servant Ananias (Hannan) to Him, after handing him a message in which he asked for healing . In addition, knowing about the persecution of Christ by the Jews, Abgar offered Him shelter and refuge.

In view of the need to fulfill the main task of the Coming into the world, the Savior refused the invitation, but later promised to send one of His disciples, who would not only heal Abgar from bodily illness, but also heal the citizens of his country from ignorance.

Ananias was a painter and had a commission from Abgar to capture the image in case He refused to come to Edessa personally. When Ananias wanted to take on the task of painting the image, he failed to get close to the Savior, as He was crowded by huge crowds of people. No matter how much he tried to reproduce on matter a face shining with Divine glory, he could not achieve the desired result.

Then the Lord, having comprehended what was happening, commanded to bring him a cloth, after which he washed His face and wiped himself off. Mysteriously and inexplicably, His Divine was imprinted on the board. After Ubrus was handed over to the painter Hannan, he delivered it to Edessa.

Abgar accepted the Image Not Made by Hands with reverence and has since recovered, although the disease still left some traces on his flesh. He was finally healed by the Apostle Thaddeus, who was sent to Edessa by the Apostle Thomas after the Lord, having redeemed the human race and resurrected, ascended to Heaven and sat at the right hand of the Father.

Thomas enlightened the townspeople with the light of the Gospel preaching and Edessa became Christian.

The ubrus was laid on a board and fixed in a niche located in the fortress wall above the city gates. All who entered the city through the gate had to pay homage to the Image Not Made by Hands.

When, years later, one of the descendants of Abgar began to plant faith in Edessa, the local bishop, having received, came to the gate at night, lit a lamp in front of the Icon and walled up the niche that contained it, and he did it so skillfully that the place where the icon was stored no longer stood out on the general background of the wall. Over time, the location of the Image was forgotten.

Centuries passed before the Image not made by hands was again revealed to the people.

In 545, when the Persian king Khosroes I (Khosroes I) laid siege to the city of Edessa and was preparing to take it, Bishop Eulavius had a vision: His wife, who appeared to him in Heavenly Majesty, pointed to the place of storage of the Image Not Made by Hands and ordered to take this Saint.

Obeying the Divine will, Evlavy opened the immured niche and found the Holy Ubrus that had been lost. The image was undamaged. Moreover, on the stone (ceramic) slab covering it, he found another image of the Savior, miraculously reflecting the one that was imprinted on the Ubrus.

After a prayer was made in front of the Image Not Made by Hands, and then, with a procession of the cross, it was carried along the city walls, the enemy retreated.

When the Arabs captured Edessa in the 7th century, Christians were allowed to worship the Image as a shrine. The fame of this miraculous icon spread throughout the East.

In 944, Emperors Constantine VII Porphyrogenic and Roman I Lekapenos, driven by zeal for the Lord, agreed with the authorities of Edessa to buy the icon. As a gift for the icon, he was sent 12,000 pieces of silver and 200 captive Saracens. At the same time, a promise was given to them that from now on the city would not be attacked by the imperial troops.

The townspeople, of course, did not want to part with their shrine. However, the ruler managed to persuade them to agree: some by exhortations, some by force and coercion, some by threats of death.

On August 15, 944, the Image Not Made by Hands was delivered to the Blachernae Church, from there to the Pharos Temple. On August 16, he was brought into the Constantinople Temple of the Wisdom of God. After honoring and worshiping the Image Not Made by Hands, he was returned to Pharos. In memory of these events, the Church established special holiday. It is celebrated annually on August 16 (29).

Over time, Saint Ubrus was lost.

According to the most common opinion, he was kidnapped from Pharos after the sack of Constantinople by the crusaders in 1204 and sent to Venice by ship. The ship never reached Venice: it sank in the Sea of Marmara. Together with the ship, Ubrus also went to the bottom.

According to one private legend, the Icon Not Made by Hands did not sink in the Sea of Marmara. In the XIV century, John Palaiologos handed it over to the Genoese as a token of gratitude for their help in liberating some lands from the rule of the Saracens. So the icon came to Europe. True, later it turned out that the image, presented as the original Holy Ubrus, belongs to a later letter.

According to another legend, also private, the Image of the Savior, through complex ups and downs, came to the territory of Georgia. Previously, this image was exhibited for worship. However, it turned out to be man-made.

What is Veronica Plat?

The Holy Ubrus, revered in the Orthodox Church, should not be confused with the well-known in the West Veronica's Placard. The fundamental difference of this icon is that Christ is represented on it in a crown of thorns.

According to the tradition of the Western Church, the origin of this icon is connected with the following tradition. Veronica was that bleeding wife whom the Lord healed (). She accompanied Him during the procession to Golgotha, to the place of His last suffering and sacrificial death. Sympathizing and wanting to somehow help Her healer, she gave Him a cloth so that He could wipe the drops of sweat and blood from His face. As a sign of gratitude, the Savior returned this board with the imprint of His face miraculously manifested on it.
In another version of the story about the origin of the board, it is reported that Veronica, wanting to have the image of Christ with her, asked the Evangelist Luke to write it. But all his attempts were unsuccessful. Then the Lord, knowing about her desire, Himself came to her for the supper, washed himself and put a scarf on her face, after which His holy face was displayed on it.

Also, three relics that are located in the Cathedral of the Apostle Peter in Rome, in cathedral a small village in the Italian province of Abruzzo, in a monastery in the Spanish city of Alicante.

Origin

There are two groups of legends about the origin of the relic, which served as a source of iconography, each of which reports its miraculous origin.

Reconstruction of the Constantinople Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands

Eastern version of the legend

The eastern version of the legend about the Image Not Made by Hands can be traced in Syrian sources from the 4th century. The miraculous image of Christ was captured for the king of Edessa (Mesopotamia, the modern city of Sanliurfa, Turkey) on Augar V Ukkama after the artist sent by him failed to depict Christ: Christ washed his face, wiped it with a scarf (brus), on which an imprint remained, and gave it to the artist. Thus, according to legend, the Mandylion became the first icon in history.

Linen kerchief with the image of Christ long time was kept in Edessa as the most important treasure of the city. During the period of iconoclasm, John of Damascus referred to the Image Not Made by Hands, and in 787 the Seventh Ecumenical Council, citing it as the most important evidence in favor of icon veneration. On August 29, 944, the image was redeemed from Edessa by Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus and solemnly transferred to Constantinople, this day entered into church calendar how general religious holiday. The relic was stolen from Constantinople during the sack of the city by participants in the IV Crusade in 1204, after which it was lost (according to legend, the ship carrying the icon was wrecked).

The closest to the original image are the Mandylion from the temple of San Silvestro in Capite, now located in the Santa Matilda Chapel of the Vatican, and the Mandylion, since 1384, kept in the church of St. Bartholomew in Genoa. Both icons are painted on canvas, mounted on wooden bases, have the same format (approximately 29x40 cm) and are covered with a flat silver frame cut along the contours of the head, beard and hair. In addition, the folds of a triptych with the now lost centerpiece from the monastery of St. Catherine at Sinai. According to the most daring hypotheses, the “original” Savior Not Made by Hands, sent to Avgar, served as the middle man.

Western version of the legend

Holy Face of Manopello

The Western version of the legend arose from different sources from the 13th to the 15th century, most likely among the Franciscan monks. According to him, the pious Jewess Veronica, who accompanied Christ to His way of the cross Golgotha, gave Him a linen handkerchief so that Christ could wipe the blood and sweat from his face. The face of Jesus was imprinted on a handkerchief. The relic called " veronica boards” is stored in the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. Presumably, the name of Veronica at the mention of the Image Not Made by Hands arose as a distortion of the Latin. vera icons (true image). In Western iconography, a distinctive feature of the images of the "Veronica" is the crown of thorns on the head of the Savior.

In honor of the "Veronica's Board" at one time the now canceled constellation was called. On the scarf, through the light, you can see the image of the face of Jesus Christ. Attempts to examine the image have established that the image was not applied with paint or any known organic materials. AT given time scientists intend to continue research.

There are at least two "Veronica's Fee" known: 1. in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican and 2. "Face from Manopello", which is also called the "Veil of Veronica", but there is no crown of thorns on it, the drawing is positive, the proportions of the parts of the face are violated (the lower eyelid of the left eye is very different from the right, etc. ), which allows us to conclude that this is a list from the "Savior Not Made by Hands" sent to Avgar, and not from the "Plata of Veronica".

Version of the connection of the image with the Shroud of Turin

There are theories linking the Savior's Image Not Made by Hands with another well-known common Christian relic - the Shroud of Turin. The Shroud is a full-length image of Christ on canvas. Exhibited in Edessa and Constantinople, the plat with the image of the face of the Savior, according to theories, could be a shroud folded several times, so the original icon could not have been lost in time crusades, but taken to Europe and found in Turin. In addition, one of the versions of the Image Not Made by Hands is “ Savior Not Made by Hands - Do not cry for Me, Mother» ( Christ in the tomb) is elevated by researchers to the Shroud as a historical prototype.

Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands in Russian letter

First samples. The beginning of the Russian tradition

Icons of the Savior Not Made by Hands come to Russia, according to some sources, already in the 9th century. The oldest surviving icon of this iconographic type is the Novgorod Savior Not Made by Hands (second half of the 12th century). The following iconographic types of the Image Not Made by Hands can be distinguished: Spas on the edge" or simply " Ubrus", where the face of Christ is placed on the image of a board (ubrus) of a light shade and" Savior on the skull" or simply " Chrepie"(meaning" tile", "brick"), " Ceramide". According to legend, the image of Christ appeared on the tiles or bricks that hid the niche with the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands. Occasionally, on this type of icons, the background is an image of brick or tiled masonry, but more often the background is given simply in a darker (compared to the ubrus) color.

Out of the water

The most ancient images were made on a clean background, without any hint of matter or tiles. The image of an even rectangular or slightly curved ubrus as a background is already found on the fresco of the Church of the Savior on Nereditsa (Novgorod) of the late 12th century. Ubrus with folds began to spread from the second half of the 13th century, primarily in Byzantine and South Slavic icon painting, on Russian icons - from the 14th century. Since the 15th century, two angels can hold a draped kerchief by the upper ends. In addition, various versions of the icon " Savior Not Made by Hands with deeds”, when the image of Christ in the middle of the icon is surrounded by hallmarks with the history of the image. From the end of the 17th century in Russian icon painting, under the influence of Catholic painting, images of Christ in the crown of thorns appear on the board, that is, in iconography " Plath Veronica". Images of the Savior with a wedge-shaped beard (converging to one or two narrow ends) are also known in Byzantine sources, however, only on Russian soil did they take shape in a separate iconographic type and received the name " Saved Wet Brada».

In the collection of the State Museum of Arts of Georgia there is an encaustic icon of the 7th century, called " Anchiskhat Spas”, representing Christ in the chest and considered the “original” Edessa icon.

The Christian tradition considers the Image of Christ not made by hands as one of the proofs of the truth of the incarnation of the second person of the Trinity in the human form, and in more narrow sense- as the most important evidence in favor of icon veneration.

According to tradition, the icon "Savior Not Made by Hands" is the first independent image that is entrusted to be painted by an icon painter who has passed his apprenticeship.

Various images of the Savior

Vyatka Savior Not Made by Hands

The list from the miraculous Vyatka Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands until 1917 hung from inside over the Spassky Gates of the Moscow Kremlin. The icon itself was brought from Khlynov (Vyatka) and left in Moscow's Novospassky Monastery in 1647. The exact list was sent to Khlynov, and the second one was installed over the gates of the Frolovskaya Tower. In honor of the image of the Savior and the fresco of the Savior of Smolensk on the outside, the gate through which the icon was delivered and the tower itself were called Spassky.

Distinctive feature Vyatka Savior Not Made by Hands is the image of angels standing on the sides, the figures of which are not fully spelled out. Angels do not stand on clouds, but seem to soar in the air. It is possible to single out the idiosyncratic features of the face of Christ. A slightly elongated face with a high forehead is depicted frontally on a vertically hanging panel with wavy folds. It is inscribed in the plane of the icon board in such a way that large eyes, endowed with great expressiveness, become the center of the composition. Christ's gaze is directed directly at the viewer, eyebrows are raised high. Lush hair falls in long strands flying off to the side, three on the left and on the right. The short beard is divided into two parts. Strands of hair and beard go beyond the circumference of the halo. The eyes are written lightly and transparently, their look has the appeal of a real look. The face of Christ expresses calmness, mercy and meekness.

After 1917, the original icon in the Novospassky Monastery and the list above the Spassky Gates were lost. Now the monastery keeps a copy of the 19th century, which takes the place of the original in the iconostasis of the Transfiguration Cathedral. The list left in Vyatka was kept until 1929, after which it was also lost.

In June 2010, with the help of researcher The Vyatka Art Museum of Galina Alekseevna Mokhova determined exactly how the miraculous Vyatka icon looked, after which a new exact list of the Savior Not Made by Hands was written and sent to Kirov (Vyatka) at the end of August for installation in the Spassky Cathedral.

Kharkiv Savior Not Made by Hands

Main article: Spas Updated

Historical facts

A copy of the ancient miraculous Vologda Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands was carried by the All-Russian Emperor Alexander III during the train crash near the Borki station. Almost immediately after the miraculous salvation, by decree of the Ruling Synod, a special prayer service was compiled and published in honor of the miraculous image of the Savior Not Made by Hands.

Notes

Links

Hegumen Innokenty (Erokhin). The Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands as the Basis for Icon Painting and Icon Worship on the website of the Vladivostok diocese
Sharon Gerstel. Miraculous Mandylion. The Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands in Byzantine Iconographic Programs
Irina Shalina. The icon "Christ in the tomb" and the miraculous image on the Shroud of Constantinople
Military relics: Banners with the Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands

Ancient Russian icons
Greek (Korsun)	Our Lady of Vladimir Smolensk Mother of God 1 Savior Golden Robe Peter and Paul Saint George

The first Christian icon is the Savior Not Made by Hands, it is the basis of all Orthodox icon veneration.

Story

According to the Tradition set forth in the Menaion, Augar V Ukhama, ill with leprosy, sent his archivist Hannan (Ananias) to Christ with a letter in which he asked Christ to come to Edessa and heal him. Hannan was an artist, and Avgar instructed him, if the Savior could not come, to write His image and bring it to him.

Hannan found Christ surrounded by a dense crowd; he stood on a stone, from which he could see better, and tried to portray the Savior. Seeing that Hannan wanted to make His portrait, Christ demanded water, washed himself, wiped His face with a cloth, and His image was imprinted on this cloth. The Savior gave this board to Hannan with the command to take it with a letter in response to the one who sent it. In this letter, Christ refused to go to Edessa himself, saying that he must fulfill what he was sent to do. After completing His work, He promised to send one of His disciples to Abgar.

Having received the portrait, Avgar was healed of his main illness, but his face was still damaged.

After Pentecost, the holy Apostle Thaddeus went to Edessa. preaching good news he baptized the king and most population. Coming out of the baptismal font, Abgar discovered that he was completely healed, and gave thanks to the Lord. By order of Avgar, the holy robe (plate) was pasted on a board of non-decaying wood, decorated and placed above the gates of the city instead of the idol previously located there. And everyone had to bow to the "miracle-working" image of Christ, as the new heavenly patron of the city.

However, the grandson of Avgar, having ascended the throne, decided to return the people to the worship of idols and for this to destroy the Image Not Made by Hands. The Bishop of Edessa, warned in a vision about this plan, ordered to wall up the niche where the Icon was located, placing a lighted lamp in front of it.
Over time, this place was forgotten.

In 544, during the siege of Edessa by the troops of the Persian king Chosroes, Edessa Bishop Eulalius was given a revelation about the whereabouts of the Icon Not Made by Hands. Having dismantled the brickwork in the indicated place, the residents saw not only a perfectly preserved image and a lampada that had not been extinguished for so many years, but also the imprint of the Most Holy Face on ceramics - a clay board that covered the holy ubrus.

After the procession with the Icon Not Made by Hands along the walls of the city, the Persian army retreated.

A linen kerchief with the image of Christ was kept in Edessa for a long time as the most important treasure of the city. During the period of iconoclasm, John of Damascus referred to the Image Not Made by Hands, and in 787 the Seventh Ecumenical Council, citing it as the most important evidence in favor of icon veneration. In 944, the Byzantine emperors Constantine Porphyrogenitus and Roman I bought the Icon Not Made by Hands from Edessa. Crowds of people surrounded and closed the procession during the transfer of the Image Not Made by Hands from the city to the banks of the Euphrates, where the galleys were waiting for the procession to cross the river. The Christians began to grumble, refusing to give up the holy Image unless there was a sign from God. And a sign was given to them. Suddenly, the galley, on which the Icon Not Made by Hands had already been carried, swam without any action and landed on the opposite shore.

The silent Edessians returned to the city, and the procession with the Image moved further by dry route. Throughout the journey to Constantinople, miracles of healing were continually performed. Monks and saints accompanying the Icon Not Made by Hands, with grand ceremony traveled by sea throughout the capital and installed the Holy Image in the Pharos temple. In honor of this event, on August 16, the church holiday of the Transfer from Edessa to Constantinople of the Image Not Made by Hands (Ubrus) of the Lord Jesus Christ was established.

Exactly 260 years the Icon Not Made by Hands was kept in Constantinople (Constantinople). In 1204, the crusaders turned their weapons against the Greeks and took possession of Constantinople. Together with a lot of gold, jewelry and sacred objects, they captured and transported to the ship and the Image Not Made by Hands. But, according to the inscrutable fate of the Lord, the Icon Not Made by Hands did not remain in their hands. When they sailed along the Sea of Marmara, a terrible storm suddenly arose, and the ship quickly sank. The greatest Christian shrine has disappeared. This ends the story of the true Image of the Savior Not Made by Hands.

There is a legend that the Icon Not Made by Hands was transferred around 1362 to Genoa, where it is kept in a monastery in honor of the Apostle Bartholomew.

St. Veronica's dress

In the West, the tradition of the Savior Not Made by Hands has spread as tales of Saint Veronica's Payment. According to it, the pious Jewess Veronica, who accompanied Christ on His way of the Cross to Golgotha, gave Him a linen handkerchief so that Christ could wipe the blood and sweat from his face. The face of Jesus was imprinted on a handkerchief.

The relic called "Veronica's board" kept in the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. Presumably, the name of Veronica at the mention of the Image Not Made by Hands arose as a distortion of the Latin. vera icon (true image). In Western iconography, a distinctive feature of the images of the "Veronica" is the crown of thorns on the head of the Savior.

Iconography

In the Orthodox icon-painting tradition, there are two main types of images of the Holy Face: "Savior on the edge", or "Ubrus" and "Savior on the skull", or "Chrepie".

On the icons of the “Savior on the Ubrus” type, the image of the face of the Savior is placed against the background of a plate, the fabric of which is gathered into folds, and its upper ends are tied in knots. Around the head is a halo, a symbol of holiness. The color of the halo is usually golden. Unlike the halos of saints, the nimbus of the Savior has an inscribed cross. This element is present only in the iconography of Jesus Christ. In Byzantine images, he was decorated precious stones. Later, the cross in halos began to be depicted as consisting of nine lines according to the number nine angelic ranks and enter three Greek letters (I am the Existing), and on the sides of the halo against the background place the abbreviated name of the Savior - IC and XC. Such icons in Byzantium were called "Saint Mandylion" (Άγιον Μανδύλιον from Greek μανδύας - "obrus, cloak").

On icons of the type “The Savior on the Skull”, or “The Skull”, according to legend, the image of the face of the Savior after the miraculous acquisition of the ubrus was also imprinted on the ceramide tile, which covered the Image Not Made by Hands. Such icons in Byzantium were called "Saint Keramidion". There is no board image on them, the background is even, and in some cases it imitates the texture of tiles or masonry.

The most ancient images were made on a clean background, without any hint of matter or tiles.

Ubrus with folds began to spread on Russian icons from the 14th century.
Images of the Savior with a wedge-shaped beard (converging to one or two narrow ends) are also known in Byzantine sources, however, only on Russian soil did they take shape in a separate iconographic type and received the name "Savior Wet Brad".

Savior Not Made by Hands "Savior Wet Brad"

In the Cathedral of the Assumption Mother of God in the Kremlin there is one of the revered and rare icons - "Saved the Bright Eye". It was written in 1344 for the old Assumption Cathedral. It depicts the stern face of Christ piercingly and sternly looking at the enemies of Orthodoxy - Russia during this period was under the yoke of the Tatar-Mongols.

Miraculous lists of the "Savior Not Made by Hands"

"The Savior Not Made by Hands" is an icon especially revered by Orthodox Christians in Russia. She has always been present on Russian military flags since the time of the Mamaev battle.

A.G. Namerovsky. Sergius of Radonezh blesses Dmitry Donskoy for a feat of arms

The earliest surviving icon of the "Savior Not Made by Hands" - a Novgorod two-sided image of the 12th century - is in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Savior Not Made by Hands. Third quarter of the 12th century. Novgorod

Glorification of the Cross (the reverse side of the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands) XII century. Novgorod

Through many of His icons, the Lord manifested Himself, showing wondrous miracles. So, for example, in the village of Spasskoye, near the city of Tomsk, in 1666, a Tomsk painter, who was commissioned by the villagers for an icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker for their chapel, set to work in accordance with all the rules. He called the inhabitants to fasting and prayer, and on the prepared board he made a drawing of the face of the saint of God, so that he could work with paints the next day. But the next day, instead of St. Nicholas, I saw on the board the outlines of the Image of Christ the Savior Not Made by Hands! Twice he restored the features of Nicholas the Pleasant, and twice miraculously restored the face of the Savior on the board. The same thing happened a third time. So the icon of the Image Not Made by Hands was written on the board. The rumor about the accomplished sign went far beyond Spassky, and pilgrims began to flock here from everywhere. Quite a lot of time passed, from dampness, dust, the constantly open icon became dilapidated and required restoration. Then, on March 13, 1788, the icon painter Daniil Petrov, with the blessing of hegumen Pallady, the abbot of the monastery in Tomsk, began to remove the old face of the Savior from the icon with a knife in order to paint a new one. He removed a handful of paints from the board, but the holy face of the Savior remained unchanged. Fear attacked all who saw this miracle, and since then no one has dared to update the image. In 1930, like most churches, this church was closed and the icon disappeared.

The miraculous image of Christ the Savior, placed by no one knows who and no one knows when, in the city of Vyatka on the porch (porch in front of the church) of the Ascension Cathedral, became famous for countless healings that took place before him, mainly from eye diseases. A distinctive feature of the Vyatka Savior Not Made by Hands is the image of angels standing on the sides, the figures of which are not fully spelled out. Until 1917, a list from the miraculous Vyatka Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands hung from the inside over the Spassky Gates of the Moscow Kremlin. The icon itself was brought from Khlynov (Vyatka) and left in Moscow's Novospassky Monastery in 1647. The exact list was sent to Khlynov, and the second one was installed above the gates of the Frolovskaya tower. In honor of the image of the Savior and the fresco of the Savior of Smolensk from the outside, the gate through which the icon was delivered and the tower itself were called Spassky.

Another miraculous image of the Savior Not Made by Hands located in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands in the Transfiguration Cathedral of St. Petersburg. Was a favorite image of Emperor Peter I.

The icon was painted, presumably, in 1676 for Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich by the famous Moscow icon painter Simon Ushakov. It was handed over by the queen to her son, Peter I. He always took the icon with him on military campaigns. It was in front of this icon that the emperor prayed at the foundation of St. Petersburg, and also on the eve of the fateful for Russia Poltava battle. This icon saved the life of the king more than once. Emperor Alexander III carried a list of this miraculous icon with him. During the crash of the royal train on the Kursk-Kharkovo-Azov railway On October 17, 1888, he emerged from the wrecked carriage with his entire family unharmed. The icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands was also preserved intact, even the glass in the icon case remained intact.

In the collection of the State Museum of Arts of Georgia there is an encaustic icon of the 7th century, called "Anchiskhat Savior" representing Christ bust. Popular Georgian tradition identifies this icon with the Icon of the Savior from Edessa.

"Anchiskhat Savior" is one of the most revered Georgian shrines. In ancient times, the icon was in the Anchi monastery in Southwestern Georgia; in 1664 was transferred to the Tbilisi church in honor of Christmas Holy Mother of God, VI century, which received the name Anchiskhati after the transfer of the icon (currently stored in the State Museum of Arts of Georgia).

The miraculous icon of the All-Merciful Savior in Tutaev

The miraculous icon of the All-Merciful Savior is located in Tutaev's Resurrection Cathedral. ancient image painted in the middle of the 15th century by the famous icon painter Dionisy Glushitsky. The icon is huge - about 3 meters.

Initially, the icon was located in the dome (it was the "sky") of a wooden church in honor of the holy princes Boris and Gleb, which explains its big sizes(three meters high). When was built stone temple, the icon of the Savior was transferred to the summer Resurrection Church.

In 1749, by decree of St. Arseny (Matseevich), the image was taken to Rostov the Great. The icon stayed in the Bishop's House for 44 years, only in 1793 the people of Borisoglebsk were allowed to return it to the cathedral. With great joy they carried the shrine from Rostov in their arms and stopped at the Kovat River in front of the settlement to wash the road dust. Where the icon was placed, he scored a spring of pure spring water, which exists to this day and is revered as holy and healing.

From that time on, miracles of healing from physical and spiritual illnesses began to be performed at the holy image. At the expense of grateful parishioners and pilgrims in 1850, the icon was decorated with a silver-gilded crown and riza, seized by the Bolsheviks in 1923. The crown that is currently on the icon is a copy of it.

Exist long tradition crawl underneath with a prayer miraculous icon Savior on my knees For this, a special window has been arranged in the icon case under the icon.

Every year, on July 2, on the cathedral feast, the miraculous image is taken out of the church on a special stretcher and performed procession with the icon of the Savior through the streets of the city with singing and prayers.

And then, at will, believers climb into the hole under the icon - a healing manhole, and crawl on their knees or squatting under the "All-Merciful Savior" with a prayer for healing.

According to the Christian tradition, the Image not made by hands of the Savior Jesus Christ is one of the proofs of the truth of the incarnation in the human image of the second person of the Trinity. The ability to capture the image of God, according to the teachings Orthodox Church, is associated with the Incarnation, that is, the birth of Jesus Christ, God the Son, or, as His believers usually call him, the Savior, the Savior. Before His birth, the appearance of icons was unreal - God the Father is invisible and incomprehensible, therefore, indescribable. Thus, God himself became the first icon painter, His Son - “the image of His hypostasis” (Heb. 1.3). God has found human face The Word became flesh for the salvation of man.

Documentary film "The Savior Not Made by Hands" (2007)

The image left to us by the Savior himself. The very first detailed lifetime description appearance Jesus Christ, left us the proconsul of Palestine Publius Lentula. In Rome, in one of the libraries, an indisputably truthful manuscript of great historical value was found. This is a letter that Publius Lentulus, who ruled Judea before Pontius Pilate, wrote to the ruler of Rome.

Troparion, tone 2
We worship Your most pure image, Good One, asking for forgiveness of our sins, Christ God: by will, thou didst deign to ascend the flesh to the cross, so deliver, even thou hast created, from the work of the enemy. The same thankful cry to Ty: Thou hast filled all the joys, our Savior, who came to save the world.

Kontakion, tone 2
Your unspeakable and Divine looking at man, the Undescribed Word of the Father, and the unwritten and God-written image is victorious leading to Your unfalse incarnation, we honor that kissingly.

Prayer to the Lord
Lord, Generous and Merciful, Long-suffering and Many-merciful, inspire our prayer and listen to the voice of our prayer, work with us a sign for good, guide us on Your path, to walk in Your truth, rejoice our hearts, to fear Your Holy Name. Thou art great and work wonders, Thou art one God, and there is nothing like Thee in boseh, Lord, strong in mercy and good in strength, in a hedgehog to help and comfort and save all who trust in Your holy Name. Amen.

Another prayer to the Lord
Oh, the Most Good Lord Jesus Christ, our God, You are ancient of Your human nature, washing off with holy water and scrubbing, miraculously, on the same scrubbing, depict Yourself and the Prince of Edessa Abgar to heal him from an ailment, you were pleased to send. Behold, we are now, Thy sinful servants, we are obsessed with mental and bodily ailments, Thy face, Lord, we seek and with David in the humility of our souls we call: do not turn away Thy face, Lord, from us and do not deviate with anger from Thy servants, helper to us wake up, do not reject us and do not leave us. Oh, the All-Merciful Lord, our Savior, depict Himself in our souls, but living in holiness and righteousness, we will be Your sons and heirs of Your Kingdom, and so to You, Merciful our God, together with Your Beginningless Father and the Most Holy Spirit, we will not stop glorifying in ages of ages. Amen.

The first Christian icon is the Savior Not Made by Hands, it is the basis of all Orthodox icon veneration.

Having received the portrait, Avgar was healed of his main illness, but his face was still damaged.

After Pentecost, the holy Apostle Thaddeus went to Edessa. While preaching the Good News, he baptized the king and most of the population. Coming out of the baptismal font, Abgar discovered that he was completely healed, and gave thanks to the Lord. By order of Avgar, the holy robe (plate) was pasted on a board of non-decaying wood, decorated and placed above the gates of the city instead of the idol previously located there. And everyone had to bow to the "miracle-working" image of Christ, as the new heavenly patron of the city.

After the procession with the Icon Not Made by Hands along the walls of the city, the Persian army retreated.

The silent Edessians returned to the city, and the procession with the Image moved further by dry route. Throughout the journey to Constantinople, miracles of healing were continually performed. The monks and hierarchs accompanying the Image Not Made by Hands, with a magnificent ceremony, traveled all over the capital by sea and installed the holy Image in the Pharos temple. In honor of this event, on August 16, the church holiday of the Transfer from Edessa to Constantinople of the Image Not Made by Hands (Ubrus) of the Lord Jesus Christ was established.

There is a legend that the Icon Not Made by Hands was transferred around 1362 to Genoa, where it is kept in a monastery in honor of the Apostle Bartholomew.
In the Orthodox icon-painting tradition, there are two main types of images of the Holy Face: "The Savior on the Ubrus", or "Ubrus" and "The Savior on the Chrepie", or "Chrepie".

On the icons of the “Savior on the Ubrus” type, the image of the face of the Savior is placed against the background of a plate, the fabric of which is gathered into folds, and its upper ends are tied in knots. Around the head is a halo, a symbol of holiness. The color of the halo is usually golden. Unlike the halos of saints, the nimbus of the Savior has an inscribed cross. This element is present only in the iconography of Jesus Christ. In Byzantine images, it was decorated with precious stones. Later, the cross in halos began to be depicted as consisting of nine lines according to the number of nine angelic ranks and three Greek letters were entered (I am the Existing One), and on the sides of the nimbus against the background, the abbreviated name of the Savior was placed - IC and XC. Such icons in Byzantium were called "Saint Mandylion" (Άγιον Μανδύλιον from Greek μανδύας - "obrus, cloak").

The most ancient images were made on a clean background, without any hint of matter or tiles. The earliest surviving icon of the "Savior Not Made by Hands" - a Novgorod double-sided image of the 12th century - is in the Tretyakov Gallery.

In the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the Kremlin there is one of the revered and rare icons - "Savior the Fiery Eye". It was written in 1344 for the old Assumption Cathedral. It depicts the stern face of Christ piercingly and sternly looking at the enemies of Orthodoxy - Russia during this period was under the yoke of the Tatar-Mongols.

"The Savior Not Made by Hands" is an icon especially revered by Orthodox Christians in Russia. She has always been present on Russian military flags since the time of the Mamaev battle.

A.G. Namerovsky. Sergius of Radonezh blesses Dmitry Donskoy for a feat of arms

Another miraculous image of the Savior Not Made by Hands is located in the Transfiguration Cathedral of the city of St. Petersburg. The icon was painted for Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich by the famous icon painter Simon Ushakov. It was handed over by the tsar to her son, Peter I. He always took the icon with him on military campaigns, and he was with her at the laying of St. Petersburg. This icon saved the life of the king more than once. Emperor Alexander III carried a list of this miraculous icon with him. During the crash of the royal train on the Kursk-Kharkovo-Azov railway on October 17, 1888, he got out of the destroyed car along with his whole family unharmed. The icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands was also preserved intact, even the glass in the icon case remained intact.

In the collection of the State Museum of Arts of Georgia there is an encaustic icon of the 7th century, called the "Anchiskhat Savior", representing Christ from the chest. Popular Georgian tradition identifies this icon with the Icon of the Savior from Edessa.
In the West, the legend of the Savior Not Made by Hands has spread as a legend about the Payment of St. Veronica. According to it, the pious Jewess Veronica, who accompanied Christ on His way of the Cross to Golgotha, gave Him a linen handkerchief so that Christ could wipe the blood and sweat from his face. The face of Jesus was imprinted on a handkerchief. The relic, called "Veronica's plate" is kept in the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. Presumably, the name of Veronica at the mention of the Image Not Made by Hands arose as a distortion of the Latin. vera icon (true image). In Western iconography, a distinctive feature of the images of the "Veronica" is the crown of thorns on the head of the Savior.

According to the Christian tradition, the Image not made by hands of the Savior Jesus Christ is one of the proofs of the truth of the incarnation in the human image of the second person of the Trinity. The ability to capture the image of God, according to the teachings of the Orthodox Church, is associated with the Incarnation, that is, the birth of Jesus Christ, God the Son, or, as the believers usually call Him, the Savior, the Savior. Before His birth, the appearance of icons was unreal - God the Father is invisible and incomprehensible, therefore, indescribable. Thus, God himself became the first icon painter, His Son - “the image of His hypostasis” (Heb. 1.3). God took on a human face, the Word became flesh for the sake of man's salvation.

_______________________________________________________

Documentary film "The Savior Not Made by Hands"

The image left to us by the Savior himself. The very first detailed lifetime description of the appearance of Jesus Christ was left to us by the proconsul of Palestine, Publius Lentula. In Rome, in one of the libraries, an indisputably truthful manuscript of great historical value was found. This is a letter that Publius Lentulus, who ruled Judea before Pontius Pilate, wrote to the ruler of Rome, Caesar. It talked about Jesus Christ. The letter is in Latin and was written in the years when Jesus first taught the people.

Director: T. Malova, Russia, 2007

The first Christian icon is the Savior Not Made by Hands, it is the basis of all Orthodox icon veneration.

Story

Having received the portrait, Avgar was healed of his main illness, but his face was still damaged.

In 544, during the siege of Edessa by the troops of the Persian king Chosroes, Edessa Bishop Eulalius was given a revelation about the whereabouts of the Icon Not Made by Hands. Having dismantled the brickwork in the indicated place, the residents saw not only a perfectly preserved image and a lampada that had not died out for so many years, but also the imprint of the Most Holy Face on ceramics - a clay board that covered the holy ubrus.

After the procession with the Icon Not Made by Hands along the walls of the city, the Persian army retreated.

The silent Edessians returned to the city, and the procession with the Image moved further by dry route. Throughout the journey to Constantinople, miracles of healing were continually performed. The monks and hierarchs accompanying the Image Not Made by Hands, with a magnificent ceremony, traveled all over the capital by sea and installed the holy Image in the Pharos temple. In honor of this event, on August 16, the church holiday of the Transfer from Edessa to Constantinople of the Image Not Made by Hands (Ubrus) of the Lord Jesus Christ was established.

There is a legend that the Icon Not Made by Hands was transferred around 1362 to Genoa, where it is kept in a monastery in honor of the Apostle Bartholomew.

St. Veronica's dress

In the West, the tradition of the Savior Not Made by Hands has spread as tales of Saint Veronica's Payment . According to it, the pious Jewess Veronica, who accompanied Christ on His way of the Cross to Golgotha, gave Him a linen handkerchief so that Christ could wipe the blood and sweat from his face. The face of Jesus was imprinted on a handkerchief.

The relic called "Veronica's board" kept in the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. Presumably, the name of Veronica at the mention of the Image Not Made by Hands arose as a distortion of the Latin. vera icon (true image). In Western iconography, a distinctive feature of the images of the Veronica Plate is the crown of thorns on the head of the Savior.

Iconography

In the Orthodox icon-painting tradition, there are two main types of images of the Holy Face: "Savior on the edge" , or "Ubrus" and "Savior on the skull" , or "Chrepie" .

On the icons of the “Savior on the Ubrus” type, the image of the face of the Savior is placed against the background of a plate, the fabric of which is gathered into folds, and its upper ends are tied in knots. Around the head is a halo, a symbol of holiness. The color of the halo is usually golden. Unlike the halos of saints, the nimbus of the Savior has an inscribed cross. This element is present only in the iconography of Jesus Christ. In Byzantine images, it was decorated with precious stones. Later, the cross in halos began to be depicted as consisting of nine lines according to the number of nine angelic ranks and three Greek letters (I am the Existing One), and on the sides of the nimbus against the background, place the abbreviated name of the Savior - IC and XC. Such icons in Byzantium were called "Saint Mandylion" (Άγιον Μανδύλιον from Greek μανδύας - "cloak, cloak").

The most ancient images were made on a clean background, without any hint of matter or tiles.

Savior Not Made by Hands "Savior Wet Brad"

In the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the Kremlin there is one of the revered and rare icons - "Saved the Bright Eye" . It was written in 1344 for the old Assumption Cathedral. It depicts the stern face of Christ piercingly and sternly looking at the enemies of Orthodoxy - Russia during this period was under the yoke of the Tatar-Mongols.

Miraculous lists of the "Savior Not Made by Hands"

"The Savior Not Made by Hands" is an icon especially revered by Orthodox Christians in Russia. She has always been present on Russian military flags since the time of the Mamaev battle.

A.G. Namerovsky. Sergius of Radonezh blesses Dmitry Donskoy for a feat of arms

The earliest surviving icon of the "Savior Not Made by Hands" - a Novgorod two-sided image of the 12th century - is in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Savior Not Made by Hands. Third quarter of the 12th century. Novgorod

Glorification of the Cross (the reverse side of the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands) XII century. Novgorod

Another miraculous image of the Savior Not Made by Hands located in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in St. Petersburg .

Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands in the Transfiguration Cathedral of St. Petersburg. Was a favorite image of Emperor Peter I.

The icon was painted, presumably, in 1676 for Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich by the famous Moscow icon painter Simon Ushakov. It was handed over by the queen to her son, Peter I. He always took the icon with him on military campaigns. It was in front of this icon that the emperor prayed at the foundation of St. Petersburg, and also on the eve of the battle of Poltava, which was fateful for Russia. This icon saved the life of the king more than once. Emperor Alexander III carried a list of this miraculous icon with him. During the crash of the royal train on the Kursk-Kharkovo-Azov railway on October 17, 1888, he got out of the destroyed car along with his whole family unharmed. The icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands was also preserved intact, even the glass in the icon case remained intact.

"Anchiskhat Savior" is one of the most revered Georgian shrines. In ancient times, the icon was in the Anchi monastery in Southwestern Georgia; in 1664 it was transferred to the Tbilisi church in honor of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, VI century, which received the name Anchiskhati after the transfer of the icon (currently stored in the State Museum of Arts of Georgia).

The miraculous icon of the All-Merciful Savior in Tutaev

The miraculous icon of the All-Merciful Savior is located in Tutaev's Resurrection Cathedral. The ancient image was painted in the middle of the 15th century by the famous icon painter Dionysius Glushitsky. The icon is huge - about 3 meters.

Initially, the icon was located in the dome (it was the "sky") of a wooden temple in honor of the holy princes Boris and Gleb, which explains its large size (three meters in height). When the stone temple was built, the icon of the Savior was transferred to the summer Resurrection Church.

There is a long tradition of crawling on your knees under the miraculous icon of the Savior with a prayer. For this, a special window has been arranged in the icon case under the icon.

Every year, on July 2, on the cathedral feast, the miraculous image is taken out of the church on a special stretcher and a procession with the icon of the Savior is made through the streets of the city with singing and prayers.

And then, at will, believers climb into the hole under the icon - a healing manhole, and crawl on their knees or squatting under the "All-Merciful Savior" with a prayer for healing.

***

According to the Christian tradition, the Image not made by hands of the Savior Jesus Christ is one of the proofs of the truth of the incarnation in the human image of the second person of the Trinity. The ability to capture the image of God, according to the teachings of the Orthodox Church, is associated with the Incarnation, that is, the birth of Jesus Christ, God the Son, or, as the believers usually call Him, the Savior, the Savior. Before His birth, the appearance of icons was unreal - God the Father is invisible and incomprehensible, therefore, indescribable. Thus, God himself became the first icon painter, His Son - “the image of His hypostasis”(Heb. 1.3). God took on a human face, the Word became flesh for the sake of man's salvation.

Material prepared by Sergey SHULYAK

for the Temple Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills

The message about the icon was saved by the miraculous. Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands - a saving ancient relic

Has Holy Ubrus survived to this day?

What is Veronica Plat?

Origin

Eastern version of the legend

Western version of the legend

Version of the connection of the image with the Shroud of Turin

Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands in Russian letter

First samples. The beginning of the Russian tradition

Out of the water

Various images of the Savior

Vyatka Savior Not Made by Hands

Kharkiv Savior Not Made by Hands

Historical facts

see also

Notes

Links

A.G. Namerovsky. Sergius of Radonezh blesses Dmitry Donskoy for a feat of arms

Documentary film "The Savior Not Made by Hands"

Story

St. Veronica's dress

Iconography

Miraculous lists of the "Savior Not Made by Hands"

The miraculous icon of the All-Merciful Savior in Tutaev

Documentary film "The Savior Not Made by Hands" (2007)

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