Workshop of positive emotions. Positive emotions: list, description, comments of psychologists

Often we get lost in business or relationships and forget about ourselves. But we deserve leading role in own life. Dedicate at least 30 minutes a day to something that makes you happy and inspires you. Dinner with friends at a restaurant, a new hairstyle, a trip to the premiere at the theater… Even another episode of your favorite series! The main thing is that you like what you do. If you spent a couple of hours with no apparent benefit, but with pleasure, they cannot be considered wasted.

Buy not things, but emotions

American scientists have proven that the brain experiences happiness from experiences, and not from the fact of owning some object. You think you're excited about your new phone, but you're actually looking forward to installing apps and taking selfies with your loved one. Exciting expectations and positive experience are more important material assets. Go to concerts, master classes or quests in cheerful company. Dresses and gadgets can deteriorate, go out of fashion or get bored, but the impressions will remain forever.

listen to desires

Often the desire to have what you want is confused with selfishness. Since childhood, many of us have been instilled with the idea that wanting something for yourself is ugly. Desires are opposed to a sense of duty and duty. The psyche leads along the path of compromises and fears, and you again find yourself in an unloved job, in unacceptable circumstances or in an environment unpleasant people. So you run the risk of falling into a state of neurosis. To get out of the vicious circle, you need to start wanting again. But long time giving up what we want, we forget how it is done. Remember what you loved to do before: play badminton, draw, sing, a cappella ... Return to these activities. The next step is to say out loud five sentences every morning that begin with, "I want to...". For example: “get a second degree”, “buy red shoes”, “go on vacation to the sea”, “have a baby”. By practicing constantly, you will understand what is really important to you. And stop thinking that your dreams are unnecessary or wrong, otherwise you will doom yourself to failure in advance. Be confident in your choice and rejoice in every small victory! Even if things get out of control, there is always room for improvement.

"Pump" the feeling of joy

It so happened that our consciousness tends to notice the negative and dangerous more often than something good. It's all about evolution. This pattern makes us see reality in dim colors, even if objectively everything is in order. Life coach Ekaterina Krasnoshchekova offers a technique for “pumping” good mood and luck. During the week, at every opportunity, exclaim: “Here is luck!”, “What happiness!” Soon you will see that changes have begun in your life: more light and positive has appeared in it. Coincidence? Not at all! Learn to trust fate and rejoice in any outcome of events. You will achieve an even greater effect by noting positive sides even in difficult situations. Husband stuck in the office? Great, you'll have time to do a manicure before he comes. Did the bus leave from under your nose? Not scary! Breathe a little longer fresh air. And keep a smile on your face will help you bitter chocolate, spicy food and perfume with notes of vanilla.

Get rid of excess

Old, unfashionable or unused things litter the apartment in particular and life in general. There is literally no room for anything new. The same goes for negative memories. If you often think that everything important, happy and meaningful has already happened once, you need to urgently change your attitude to the situation. Accept it as a fact: dreary thoughts, from which it becomes hard on the soul, are intangible. Most likely, no one cares about them except you. Try to come to an agreement with your memory, because it is given to us for self-development, and not in order to return to the past again and again. The more unusual impressions you get, the less you will reflect. Old habits should also be reviewed. Think about whether you really need to check email and social networks in the morning. Maybe you just did it day in and day out for recent years? By getting rid of the unnecessary, you can do what is really interesting.

Make spontaneous decisions

According to statistics, an intuitive choice often affects the fate of a person. Sometimes we are simply programmed for negative scenarios: you understand that everything is going wrong, but you continue to act out of habit. The matrix of memory about stereotyped experienced situations governs actions. “But doing the same thing, it is illogical to expect different results,” explains psychotherapist Zoya Bogdanova. - Spontaneity is nothing more than acceptance of yourself and your desires. Don't think long: a non-standard solution can turn your life in a different direction.

go in for sports

We do not suggest dropping 10 kg. Such a goal is not directly related to emotions. It's not about winning, it's about participating. It is the process that comes to the fore, so get the most out of it, advises psychologist Ksenia Ulyanova, founder of Happy Academy. It's no secret: during sports, the body produces "hormones of joy" (dopamine, serotonin), which increase mood for at least four hours. The main thing is to choose the physical activity that you like. Bicycling, dancing, or maybe even “unfeminine” boxing. Just do it because you want to, not because you have to. Maybe your muscles will get stronger from pumping iron in the gym, but if already on the second approach you start cursing everything around, it is unlikely that the training will benefit the nervous system. And we are for the perfection of not only external forms, but also internal content!

It is no secret that only a person can experience a huge amount of emotions. Nothing else in the world creature does not have this property. Although the disputes between the scientific fraternity still do not subside, but the majority is inclined to believe that our smaller, highly developed brothers are capable of experiencing some emotions. I completely agree with them. It is enough to look at the dog, which was shown a treat and then immediately hid it.

But back to man. What emotions do a person have, where do they come from and in general, what are they for?

What is emotion. Do not confuse with feelings!

Emotion is a short-term reaction to a situation. And feelings do not disappear under the flow of emotions or situations, they are stable and in order to destroy them, you have to try hard.

Example: The girl saw her young man with another. She is angry, upset and offended. But after talking with the guy, it turned out that it was his cousin who came to visit today. The situation was resolved, the emotions passed, and the feeling - love, did not disappear anywhere, even at the moment of the strongest passions.

I hope that you caught the difference between feelings and emotions.

In addition, emotions lie on the surface. You will always see when a person is funny, his fear or amazement. And feelings lie deep, you can’t get to them so easily. After all, it often happens when you despise a person, but due to the prevailing circumstances, you are forced to communicate with him, while portraying a positive attitude.

Classification of emotions

There are dozens of emotions. We will not consider everything, we will focus only on the most basic ones.

Three groups can be distinguished:

• Positive.
• Negative.
• Neutral.

In each of the groups there are quite a few emotional shades, so it is almost impossible to calculate the exact number. The list of human emotions presented below is not complete, since there are many intermediate feelings, as well as a symbiosis of several emotions at the same time.

The most large group are negative, followed by positive. The neutral group is the smallest.

That's where we'll start.

Neutral emotions

These include:

• Curiosity,
• Amazement,
• Indifference,
• Contemplation,
• Astonishment.

Positive emotions

These include everything that is connected with a feeling of joy, happiness and satisfaction. That is, with the fact that a person is pleased and really wants to continue.

• Direct joy.
• Delight.
• Pride.
• Confidence.
• Confidence.
• Delight.
• Tenderness.
• Gratitude.
• jubilation.
• Bliss.
• Calm.
• Love.
• Sympathy.
• Anticipation.
• Respect.

Is not complete list but at least I tried to remember the most basic positive human emotions. If you forgot something - write in the comments.

negative emotions

The group is large. It would seem, for what they are needed. After all, it’s good when everything is only positive, there is no anger, anger and resentment. Why is a person negative? I can say one thing - without negative emotions, we would not appreciate the positive ones. And, as a result, they would have a completely different attitude to life. And, as it seems to me, they would be callous and cold.

The tint palette of negative emotions is as follows:

• Woe.
• Sadness.
• Anger.
• Despair.
• Anxiety.
• A pity.
• Malice.
• Hatred.
• Boredom.
• Fear.
• Resentment.
• Fright.
• Shame.
• Mistrust.
• Disgust.
• Uncertainty.
• Repentance.
• Remorse.
• Confusion.
• Horror.
• Indignation.
• Despair.
• Annoyance.

This is also far from a complete list, but even on the basis of this it is clear how rich we are in emotions. We perceive literally every little thing instantly and give out our attitude towards it in the form of emotions. Moreover, very often this happens unconsciously. After a moment, we can already control ourselves and hide the emotion, but it's too late - whoever wanted to, he already noticed and made a conclusion. By the way, the method of checking whether a person is lying or telling the truth is based on this.

There is one emotion - gloating, which is not clear where to stick, either positive or negative. It seems that by gloating, a person evokes positive emotions for himself, but at the same time, this emotion produces a destructive effect in his own soul. That is, in fact, is negative.

Is it necessary to hide emotions

By and large, emotions are given to us for humanity. It is only thanks to them that we are several stages of development above all other individuals of the animal world. But in our world, more and more often people get used to hiding their feelings, hiding behind a mask of indifference. This is both good and bad.

Good - because the less others know about us, the less harm they can do to us.

It’s bad, because hiding our attitude, forcibly hiding emotions, we become callous, less responsive to the environment, get used to wearing a mask and completely forget who we really are. And this threatens, at best, with a prolonged depression, at worst, you will live your whole life playing an unnecessary role for no one, and will never become yourself.

That, in principle, is all that I can say so far about what emotions a person has. How you deal with them is up to you. I can say one thing for sure: there should be a measure in everything. It is also important not to overdo it with emotions, otherwise it will not be life, but its grotesque likeness.

How often do we want to cheer ourselves up! However, everything around seems to be conducive to the opposite: conflict with colleagues, a broken heel, an unsuccessful ticket, and much more. And, sometimes, it happens that the mood disappears for no apparent reason, and you can only guess how to get positive emotions and regain your good mood. It turns out that helping yourself is quite simple, you just need to follow a few simple recommendations.

Remember that no one will ever be able to charge you with positive emotions if you yourself do not allow it to be done. Therefore, the first thing you should do is sincerely wish to get rid of the depressed state and bad mood.

Stop feeling sorry for yourself. The result of your torment due to your own failure will be either compassionate or malevolent glances, and you absolutely do not need either of them. Learn to laugh at yourself in odd situations and perceive your mistakes as a constructive, positive experience.

To get a charge of positive emotions, open the window wide open and look around at everything that is around. You will be convinced that life is beautiful, and the sky, the sun and the gentle breath of the breeze simply will not leave room for sadness in your soul.

Recall a funny or just a bright episode that happened to you or your friends. Re-experience the positive emotions associated with it, and you will definitely not want to return to sadness.

Organize a meeting with old friends and have fun. However, remember that the purpose of this meeting should in no case be complaints about a failed life.

Move more! You are probably familiar with the term “muscle joy”. Take a walk or go in for sports, as you definitely won’t be able to get positive emotions while sitting on the couch.

Pamper yourself. Prepare your favourite dish or get your favorite treat, buy yourself a new thing, get a new haircut, sign up for a massage. These simple actions will immediately lift your spirits.

Learn to enjoy the little things. So you will very soon realize that you are always surrounded by positive, and that even in the most, it would seem, unpleasant situation there are positive, joyful features.

In general, there are countless tricks in the world with which you can cheer up, you just need to dream up a little and choose from them the one that you accept more. And most importantly - you need to learn to meet every new day with a smile on your face, and under no circumstances give in to despondency.

It's hard for me to sort out my feelings - a phrase that each of us has come across: in books, in movies, in life (someone's or our own). But it is very important to be able to understand your feelings.

Wheel of Emotions by Robert Plutchik

Some believe - and perhaps they are right - that the meaning of life is in feelings. Indeed, at the end of life, only our feelings, real or in memories, remain with us. Yes, and the measure of what is happening can also be our experiences: the richer, more diverse, brighter they are, the more fully we feel life.

What are feelings? The simplest definition: feelings are what we feel. This is our attitude to certain things (objects). There is also a more scientific definition: feelings (higher emotions) are special mental states that are manifested by socially conditioned experiences that express long-term and stable emotional relationship person to things.

How are feelings different from emotions?

Sensations are our experiences that we experience through the senses, and we have five of them. Sensations are visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory and odor sensations (our sense of smell). With sensations, everything is simple: stimulus - receptor - sensation.

Our consciousness interferes with emotions and feelings - our thoughts, attitudes, our thinking. Emotions are influenced by our thoughts. And vice versa - emotions affect our thoughts. We will discuss these relationships in more detail a little later. But now let's remember once again one of the criteria mental health, namely point 10: we are responsible for our feelings, it depends on us what they will be. It is important.

Fundamental emotions

All human emotions can be distinguished by the quality of experience. This aspect of a person's emotional life is most clearly presented in the theory of differential emotions by the American psychologist K. Izard. He identified ten qualitatively different "fundamental" emotions: interest-excitement, joy, surprise, grief-suffering, anger-rage, disgust-disgust, contempt-neglect, fear-horror, shame-shyness, guilt-repentance. K. Izard classifies the first three emotions as positive, the remaining seven as negative. Each of the fundamental emotions underlies a whole range of states that differ in severity. For example, within the framework of such a single-modal emotion as joy, one can single out joy-satisfaction, joy-delight, joy-jubilation, joy-ecstasy, and others. From the combination of fundamental emotions, all other, more complex, complex emotional states arise. For example, anxiety can combine fear, anger, guilt, and interest.

1. Interest - positive emotional condition, contributing to the development of skills and abilities, the acquisition of knowledge. Interest-excitation is a feeling of capture, curiosity.

2. Joy is a positive emotion associated with the ability to sufficiently fully satisfy an urgent need, the probability of which before that was small or uncertain. Joy is accompanied by self-satisfaction and satisfaction with the surrounding world. Obstacles to self-realization are also obstacles to the emergence of joy.

3. Surprise - an emotional reaction that does not have a clearly expressed positive or negative sign to sudden circumstances. Surprise inhibits all previous emotions, directing attention to a new object and can turn into interest.

4. Suffering (grief) - the most common negative emotional state associated with the receipt of reliable (or seeming such) information about the impossibility of satisfying the most important needs, the achievement of which before that seemed more or less likely. Suffering has the character of asthenic emotion and more often occurs in the form of emotional stress. The most severe form of suffering is grief associated with irretrievable loss.

5. Anger - a strong negative emotional state, occurring more often in the form of affect; arises in response to an obstacle in achieving passionately desired goals. Anger has the character of a sthenic emotion.

6. Disgust - a negative emotional state caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances), contact with which (physical or communicative) comes into sharp conflict with the aesthetic, moral or ideological principles and attitudes of the subject. Disgust, when combined with anger, can motivate in interpersonal relationships aggressive behavior. Disgust, like anger, can be directed at oneself, lowering self-esteem and causing self-judgment.

7. Contempt - a negative emotional state that occurs in interpersonal relationships and is generated by mismatch life positions, attitudes and behavior of the subject with those of the object of feeling. The latter are presented to the subject as base, not corresponding to accepted moral standards and ethical criteria. A person is hostile to those whom he despises.

8. Fear - a negative emotional state that appears when the subject receives information about the possible damage to his life well-being, about real or imagined danger. Unlike the suffering caused by direct blocking of the most important needs, a person, experiencing the emotion of fear, has only a probabilistic forecast of possible trouble and acts on the basis of this forecast (often insufficiently reliable or exaggerated). The emotion of fear can be both sthenic and asthenic in nature and proceed either in the form of stressful conditions, or in the form of a stable mood of depression and anxiety, or in the form of affect (horror).

9. Shame - a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the inconsistency of one's own thoughts, actions and appearance not only with the expectations of others, but also with one's own ideas about proper behavior and appearance.

10. Guilt - a negative emotional state, expressed in the realization of the unseemliness of one's own act, thought or feelings and expressed in regret and repentance.

Table of human feelings and emotions

And I also want to show you a collection of feelings, emotions, states that a person experiences during his life - a generalized table that does not pretend to be scientific, but will help you better understand yourself. The table is taken from the site "Communities of dependent and co-dependent", the author is Mikhail.

All human feelings and emotions can be divided into four types. It is fear, anger, sadness and joy. To what type this or that feeling belongs can be found from the table.

And for those who read the article to the end. The purpose of this article is to help you understand your feelings, what they are. Our feelings largely depend on our thoughts. Irrational thinking often underlying negative emotions. By correcting these mistakes (by working on our thinking), we can be happier and achieve more in life. There is an interesting, but persistent and painstaking work on oneself. You are ready?

This will be of interest to you:

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet

(psychological educational program)

With this article, I want to remove a heavy burden from the hearts of each of us. After all, many (we admit) experience an underlying guilt complex due to the fact that they allow themselves to experience ... negative emotions.

Someone inspired us that a person should be "white and fluffy", and if "Jupiter" is angry, then "he is wrong." It is clear who inspired this heresy in us - kindergarten teachers who want no one to make noise, fight, yell, douse compote and make other difficult scenes on their territory.

Yes, for a large part of society that has power, it's easier - when people do not make noise, but strive for the whiteness of the wings of an angel.

But life is not a kindergarten, and this requirement is anti-scientific (and inhumane). It's just ridiculous. Life requires us to possess a "full color gamut" ...

And then the Supporters of the Ideas of Positive Thinking arrived in time ... These are the “still those” ladies - the spiritual sisters of the kindergarten"... These ladies have amulets around their necks, rings with pentagrams on their fingers, and they (posing as either Juna or the Voice of the Cosmic Mind) hiss to us: "Be kind, be fluffy - otherwise your desires will not come true. Karma will go bad, and in general you will die in terrible agony "...

And so they inspired us both those and others that it is harmful to worry. And appealing to the "new spirit new era New Age", to the "epoch of the coming Aquarius" they are trying to impose on us this old, as old as the world, non-working idea: "Be good, and bonuses will come in your life" ...

How can you get rid of the feeling of guilt that you sometimes get angry and still sometimes unhappy, despite the fact that you read books designed to inspire you with unearthly "harmony"?

And you need to read at least sometimes textbooks on psychology recommended by the Ministry of Education! That's what you need to do, comrades - even if your profession is not a psychologist. What for? Well, we read laws or books on medicine, although not doctors or lawyers - life circumstances force us ...

It is necessary to conduct an educational program on the basics of psychology, going through the tops of at least the simplest, basic concepts, not to disdain this “gray science” in the cover of the Prosveshchenie publishing house. Then no obscurantists and no social police, always proceeding only from their own interests, will inspire us that the earth rests on three whales, so it is advisable to have the image of a whale on your desktop as a talisman.

So negative emotions...

Attention! In this article, I do not urge you to rejoice in anger, depression, guilt, fear and contempt ... I do not urge you to give up the fight against the WORST IN YOURSELF. I just want to show why IT exists, why it is NEEDED in our life, why it is IMPOSSIBLE without it and how to use it WISELY.

Negative emotions can devour and destroy a person if he fails to keep them in check. But if a person will SILENT them in himself and be ashamed of them, negative emotions will “devour and destroy” him much sadder and more hopeless...

Well, now - educational program

So, the first information for reflection. The number of negative emotions (7) significantly exceeds the number of positive emotions (2)...

Why are there so many of them? And why are “good emotions” not enough?

Negative emotions play a huge positive role in the survival of both the individual and the community of individuals.

They are - an alarm signal for the body.

Negative emotions also last longer than positive ones (Have you noticed?)

And why?

But because the alarm should sound as long as necessary - until the danger is eliminated.

Positive emotion is also a signal. But the signal is simply returned WELFARE. And that's exactly why the positive emotion does not last so long.

What do all negative (negative) emotions do?

They signal that some of our needs are not satisfied. So that we can assess the degree of failure in achieving the goal.

And without this, how would we understand that we are “going the wrong way”? Well, you yourself think!

Negative emotions warn: behavior is unsuccessful! And they redirect the body to find NEW WAYS to well-being.

Among other things (and representatives of all psychological schools) negative emotions contribute to personal growth.

How is a person different from an animal? Attention!

Unlike an animal, a person can CAUSE and HOLD his negative (negative) emotions himself! It would seem - but why does he need this masochism ?!

And this is done for maintaining intentions which cannot be satisfied right now - so that a person does not forget that he once wanted something ...

It is negative emotions that support the existence of such a thing as CREATIVE ACTIVITY and SPIRITUAL GROWTH.

Once on the way home, Odysseus and his team of sailors landed on the island of lotophages - eaters of the magic lotus...

Some sailors ate this lotus and immediately... forgot who they were and where they were going. It was the Isle of the Blessed. Odysseus looked at their smiling faces and in horror ordered his entire team to get off the island. Having acquired Eternal Happiness, the sailors from the ship of Odysseus paid a heavy price - they ceased to be personalities, people!

Ten basic emotions

Surprise is the only neutral emotion. (It is considered the mother of all emotions and all civilization. It “wakes up” the sleeping (and therefore dead) mind. Surprise is the mother of Philosophy, the ancients said).

Positive emotions

1. Joy.
2. Interest.

negative emotions

1. Sadness.
2. Anger.
3. Disgust.
4. Contempt.
5. Fear.
6. Shame.
7. Guilt.

Do you want to get to know each of these fury sisters better? Do you want to know what positive role they play in our lives? Do you want to stop being afraid and ashamed of them?

Do you want to respect yourself in any of your condition? Learn to condescendingly look at others and forgive them for their behavior?

Then read detailed analysis all negative emotions in the next material - in the Continuation and Ending.

Elena Nazarenko