Psychological preparation of the child for school psychology. Preparing a child for school: recommendations from a psychologist. Child psychology: learning to communicate

There is very little left before the start of the new school year. It will be especially difficult for first-graders to enter the school schedule. According to teachers and psychologists, the first months of kindergarten graduates will be spent on adapting to new conditions, we are talking about the psychological restructuring of the lives of kids. Tyumen teacher-psychologist Natalya Kurmanova assures that in the first grade, children most often suffer from regime change. In kindergarten, they were treated more condescendingly, but at school they have certain requirements, and not everyone is ready to accept them. The specialist spoke about how to psychologically prepare a child for a new stage of life in an interview with our publication.

Corr.: Very often one hears the phrase: “A child must be psychologically ready at school”… What should parents mean by this phrase, and is it possible to prepare a first-grader for school?

Psychological readiness is a combination of intellectual and personal development of the child. Many parents believe that for a child to be successful at school, it is enough to organize only intellectual readiness - to teach the child to read, count and decide, and this will ensure his full preparation for school, but a very important aspect in preparation is internal personal readiness: his level of adaptation to new conditions , the level of independence and self-service, the assimilation of social norms and rules. At the age of 6-7, the entire psychological appearance of the child changes, his personality, cognitive and mental capabilities, the sphere of emotions and experiences, and the social circle are transformed.

The child is not always well aware of his new position, but he certainly feels and experiences it: he is proud that he has become an adult. The child's experience of his new social status is associated with the emergence of the "internal position of the schoolchild".

There is such a thing as partial readiness for school, when a child is not able to quickly learn new knowledge, he needs extra time, so curricula are always designed for children with an average level of preparedness. Many of today's first graders are quite sophisticated in the classroom even before they come to school. Enhanced training, visits to preschool lyceums, gymnasiums, etc. often leads to the fact that going to school loses the element of novelty for the child, prevents the child from experiencing the significance of this event. In addition, a program designed for the average student seems uninteresting to them, already experienced.

Parents play an invaluable role in maintaining the “internal position of a schoolchild” in a first-grader. Advice to parents: your serious attitude to the child's school life, attention to his successes and failures, patience, obligatory encouragement of efforts and efforts, emotional support help to feel the significance of your activity, help to increase the child's self-esteem, his self-confidence.

Cor: What psychological problems and difficulties do first-graders face at school?

In the first grade, children most often suffer from regime change. In kindergarten, they were treated more condescendingly, but at school they have certain requirements, and not everyone is ready to accept them. There is a problem of restlessness, they cannot sit still for more than 20 minutes. Many modern children do not have the skills of independence, self-service, they cannot prepare for the lesson, they lose things during physical education, in the locker room, they forget about the portfolios. There are a lot of guys in the class, and everyone needs to find an approach. It is necessary to get used to the teacher, to his demeanor, to his voice, etc. Many react very negatively to being called by their last name, they are offended, it is difficult for them to accept themselves as a separate independent person, but this must be instilled.

Corr.: Are there any simple tricks to adapt to the beginning of studies at school?

In order for the adaptation process to take place most painlessly, parents need to make efforts already in the summer.

First reception This is the first visit to school with the child. The child should feel your emotional mood. If the parent is positive and optimistic about school, then the child learns this attitude very deeply, and in the future he will not have anxiety from attending school.

Second reception It is advisable for parents to arrange for their child to attend a school camp during the summer holidays. So he will be able to quickly assess the situation and adapt, the preschooler already in the summer masters the space in which he will have to study. At the beginning of the school year, he will not have to spend time and energy to navigate the school walls, he will be more likely to be inquisitive about the school subjects themselves, and not about the walls of the school.

Third reception - in August, 2-3 weeks before the start of the school year, it is necessary to regulate the daily routine that will operate during the school period, the morning rise should correspond to the time when you have to wake up during school hours. By gradually accustoming the child to the daily routine, parents will help the child to facilitate the period of adaptation to new circumstances.

Fourth reception - when doing classes, it is important for adults to maintain a positive attitude so as not to scare the child away.

Fifth reception- classes are best done in a playful way, be sure to take breaks for rest and games. The maximum concentration of attention in children at this age is 20 minutes, after which fatigue sets in, after 5-7 minutes of changing activities, the child is again ready to work actively. At the same time, he must understand that his work is adequately encouraged by adults, supported by praise.

Sixth reception - it will be much easier for a child to adapt to new conditions if one of his acquaintances studies with him in the class. Try to organize for the child the opportunity to communicate with peers, if possible with future classmates.

Educational psychologist Natalya Kurmanova

Cor.: How to build a student's daily routine so that he can comfortably endure new loads?

The most rational distribution of the time of the future first grader is the daily routine, which will take into account the individual characteristics of the child himself. The most active hours of children 6-7 years old: 8.00-11.00 and 16.00-17.00.

For example, if your child is a lark, then the most active activities should be planned for the first half of the day, and if he is an owl, he will be more active in the afternoon. But, I suggest you build a first-grader's daily routine like this. Try to have him go to bed no later than 9 pm and get up at 7 am, because. A first-grader should sleep at least 10 hours, plus - daytime sleep, to which the body is accustomed. The guys should be in the fresh air for at least 3 hours a day, so immediately after school, take a walk with the child for at least 40 minutes. Only then go to lunch - let him work up an appetite.

Lunch must be 13.30-14.00 . After that, give your fidget plenty of rest. You do not need to immediately seat him for lessons, after lunch there is a decline in working capacity. If the child is accustomed to watching TV or playing games, then between 15.00-16.00 this is the right time.

Even if the child no longer sleeps during the day, he can come home and fall asleep immediately. This means that the body is exhausted. Give your child a chance to rest.

Only when the child has eaten and rested, you can sit down for lessons. Optimal time - 16.00-17.00. In the first grade, homework is not assigned, but this time can be spent flipping through the material studied at school with the child, helping the child reproduce what he remembers most during the day, finding out what topics could be difficult and helping him figure out.

After preparing homework, your child can go to the section or circle. The road there can be combined with a walk.

And no homework tonight! Can't make it to the circle? It is better to postpone one lesson than to reschedule the lessons for the evening.

The overexcitation that has accumulated during the day must be removed by a walk. Do not think that evening dancing and unprecedented activity indicate that the child is not tired. Take a walk with your child before bed to relieve stress. If we go to bed at 21.00, then it is worth starting the walk no later than 19.30, immediately after dinner.

Going to bed should be calm, without talking about the day's difficulties and without reminders of annoying mistakes or failures of the past day.

Corr.: What guidelines should be conveyed to a child who is going to the first grade? Some children, having gone to school for a while, say - I don’t want to, I won’t go, I’m not interested ... What to answer?

Children can say - I don’t want to, I won’t go, I’m not interested for several reasons: parents themselves are “afraid” of school; nervous that they will have to take on additional workloads and responsibilities; when children see that parents have a negative attitude towards school, and even towards teachers; when the parents themselves have no interest in knowledge, they do not read; when the child does not feel support from the parents. If the teacher complains about the behavior of the child, and the parents punish him without understanding, he is fixed in his mind that the school is bad. Often, before entering school, the child is intensively prepared, and then he is not interested in the program that he has already mastered at preschool age. Psychologically, the child missed the period when the role-playing game was the leading activity, in a word - he did not play enough. Therefore, a positive attitude towards school, towards learning directly depends on the attitude towards school of a significant adult, his parents.

The most important thing, according to psychologists, is to support the first grader in his desire to succeed. It is necessary to praise a novice student for each achievement. Praise and emotional support (“well done!”, “You did so well!”) can increase the intellectual achievements of even an adult, not to mention a child. Moms and dads are also advised not to forget that when a person studies, something may not work out for him and this is quite natural - the child has the right to make a mistake.

Experts recommend not to send the child to school without breakfast, to be attentive to complaints of headache, fatigue, poor health - most often these are objective indicators of fatigue, learning difficulties. In addition, you need to control the amount of time spent on gadgets, for a seven-year-old, the norm is only 15-20 minutes a day.

Since recently, residents of Tyumen can get a free consultation with a psychologist, for all questions that arise, they are waiting for you in the virtual office on the portal "Territory of health". Here you can anonymously discuss family or personal problems.

Interviewed by Elena KUKHALSKAYA,
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How quickly time flies! Until recently, you were looking forward to the birth of your baby, and now he is about to go to first grade. Many parents are concerned about how to prepare their child for school. This is really worth being puzzled and not expecting that everything will be decided by itself at school. Most likely, the classes will be overcrowded, and the teacher simply will not physically be able to give due attention to each child.

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Preparing a child for school is a matter that worries every parent. Readiness is determined both by the intellectual and, in many ways, by its psychological base. To master the skills necessary for studying at school, it is enough to devote 15-20 minutes a day. A huge number of development aids and preparatory courses will come to the rescue.

It is much more difficult to prepare a child from a psychological point of view. Psychological readiness does not arise by itself, but is gradually formed over the years and requires regular exercise.

When to start preparing a child for school and how to do it correctly, we asked the medical psychologist of the psychotherapeutic center Elena Nikolaevna Nikolaeva.

It is important to create a positive attitude towards school in the child's mind in advance: to tell that at school he will learn a lot of interesting things, learn to read and write well, he will make many new friends. In no case should you scare your child with school, homework and lack of free time.

A good psychological preparation for school is the game in the "school", where the child will learn diligence, perseverance, activity, sociability.

One of the important aspects of preparing for school is the good health of the child. That is why hardening, exercise, sports and the prevention of colds are necessary measures.

For better adaptation at school, the child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with both peers and adults. Must understand and recognize the authority of adults, adequately respond to the comments of peers and elders. Understand and evaluate actions, know what is good and what is bad. The child must be taught to adequately assess their capabilities, admit mistakes, be able to lose. Therefore, parents must prepare the baby and explain to him the rules of life that will help him integrate into the school society.

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Elena Nikolaeva, medical psychologist

Such work with a child must begin in advance, from the age of three or four. The key to further painless adaptation of the baby in the school team are two main conditions: discipline and knowledge of the rules.

The child must realize the importance and responsibility of the learning process and be proud of his status as a student, feel the desire to succeed in school. Parents should show how proud they are of their future student, this is very important for the psychological formation of the image of the school - the opinion of parents for children is important.

Such necessary qualities as accuracy, responsibility and diligence are never formed at once - it takes time, patience and effort. Very often, a child needs simple support from a close adult.

Children always have the right to make mistakes, this is common to all people without exception. It is very important that the child is not afraid to make mistakes. Going to school, he learns to learn. Many parents scold children for mistakes, poor grades, which leads to a decrease in the preschooler's self-esteem and fear of taking the wrong step. If a child makes a mistake, you just need to pay attention to it and offer or help correct it.

Praise is a prerequisite for correcting mistakes. Even for small success or achievement, children need to be rewarded with encouragement.

At preschool age, the leading activity of the child is play. Through the game, he learns the world, tries on the roles of our adult world, develops fantasy and imagination, it is fantasy that is a powerful stimulus for the development of thinking. But by the age of 7, the child begins to understand that the game, toys are all for the little ones, he already wants to penetrate the adult world, do something serious, get on the next step in his development.

A preschooler realizes that her adult life is different, understands that if her mother cooks porridge for fun, then the whole family runs the risk of remaining hungry. It is important that the child is not afraid to try something new, and this requires the correct reaction of an adult so as not to discourage the child.

When we master some new activity for us, then faith in us and the support of loved ones is very important for all of us: “I am there, I will help, it may not work out right away, but over time you will learn”, etc. And then the child can calmly accept a possible situation of failure at the beginning. And when he succeeds, the child needs to see our joy, our approval, this is an important experience for him. This is a moment of personal development - he was able, he became different, his self-esteem rises.

When a child is driven by game motivation, for example, to win in hopscotch, he will train himself in order to win. It's the same with academic motivation, but instead of winning at school, he will get grades.

In our center, it is possible to undergo a diagnosis of the child's readiness for school and get a conclusion on the results.

So what is the psychological readiness of a child for school, what kind of child can be called ready for schooling?

A child who has also formed motivational readiness - i.e. the desire to learn and learn something new, it is the game that sets motivational readiness; and arbitrary readiness - when a child can regulate his behavior, which allows him to do something not very interesting in the classroom; and intellectual readiness is the ability to perceive knowledge and generalize them; and speech development is both his vocabulary and the child's ability to distinguish sounds, i.e. phonemic hearing.

Unfortunately, with the advent of gadgets in our lives and with a lack of communication with working parents, as well as with a decrease in the time of play in a child’s life, speech simply has nowhere and no time to develop. But it is in the game and communication with other people that spontaneous speech develops.

The next important component of psychological readiness for school is self-assessment., it is also an important indicator of personality development. Self-esteem allows a person to make choices in different life situations, determines the level of his aspirations and values, and his nature of relationships with others.

Having begun to form in early childhood, when the child begins to separate himself from the people around him, it continues to change throughout his life, becoming more critical and meaningful. The most favorable period for the formation of self-esteem as a special component of self-consciousness is the primary school age, so special attention should be paid to its development during this period.

When conducting classes, the conditions of non-estimation, acceptance, safety, support are observed.

For this you need:

• positively reinforce the child's ideas, responses, and actions;
• use a mistake as an opportunity for a new, unexpected look at something familiar;
• adapt as much as possible to all the statements and actions of children;
• create a climate of mutual trust;
• provide the child with independence in choosing and making decisions with the ability to independently control their own progress.

In the classroom, the daily experience of children is necessarily used. This allows the child to feel that what is happening to him now is important. The child is not yet able to predict his life, to focus on what will be useful in the future. He lives here and now, and all the conversations of adults about the future do not affect the baby. But what is happening to him now is the most important thing.

Preschool age is a crucial period of a person's life, when the most fundamental abilities are formed that determine the further development of a person. This age, like no other, is full of very important achievements in the socialization of children, since during this period children learn to master their own emotions, they develop a motivational sphere, children have arbitrary control of their behavior and their own actions. At the age of six years, such a position as "I and society" is firmly fixed among preschoolers.

What does a child need to know before starting school?

• By school, it is important for a child to already have experience working with a sample and according to the rule. The fact is that the school does not form this skill, but actively uses it.
• Understand and speak the language in which the training will be conducted.
• Understand the meaning of age-appropriate texts, fairy tales, stories.
• It is important to have motivation, a cognitive need, a need to start learning.

What will the classes be about?

Our program of classes with a psychologist in preparation for school for children 6-7 years old includes many activities:

• together with the children we will read, discuss, draw, play and act out what we read
• we will discuss what excites and interests the child
• we will fold origami, mosaic according to the model, according to the scheme
• we will copy the sample (repeat patterns, drawings)
• we will guess riddles, solve puzzles, puzzles
• we will develop orientation in space (in front-behind-left-right-closer-further-above-below): let's go on the map to look for snowdrops, icicles, birdhouses (but you never know what interesting we want to look for!)
• we will interact with each other through group games and learn the rules
• let's develop imagination
• we will arrange intellectual holidays with initiation into the Knights and Beautiful Ladies of the Rostok Tournament of Skills
• we will play logic games where you need to see a pattern, continue the sequence, select an extra item
• we will play games with rules (you probably remember those games that we played in childhood: "Gardener", "Yes and no", "Edible-inedible", "Traffic light"). Now there are a lot of educational board games that enrich our communication and child's play activities. And this is a very natural way for a child to know the world, to learn something.

Classes in preparation for school are conducted by an experienced child psychologist Elena Vladimirovna Nagaeva. Elena Vladimirovna prepares future first-graders for studies through the development and support of the child's cognitive interest, helps to form a positive attitude.

What can we do to prepare our children for school?

• environment rich in various interesting materials
• Brain Gymnastics exercises
• adult love and respect
• creating a safe, accepting group environment
• many years of experience in pre-school groups
• training from the best specialists in the field of preschool education
• interest in emerging innovations
• exchange of knowledge and skills with the most advanced specialists in the field of child psychology and pedagogy
• taking into account the age characteristics of preschoolers
• playful approach to learning

What will the child receive as a result of the school preparation classes at our center?

• desire to learn!
• increased self-esteem
• development of speech and self-presentation skills
• respect for oneself and others
• new knowledge and skills, expanding horizons
• group communication experience
• pleasure and joy

What will a parent who brings a child to prepare for school to our center get?

• child's desire to learn
• child's interest in new knowledge
• new knowledge and skills, expanding the horizons of the child
• psychological counseling, individual recommendations on preparing for school
• 1.5 hours of free time
• a calmer emotional state of waiting for your child to start school

And here parents may have a question: what, then, is the preparation of preschoolers for writing?

We answer with a quote from the director of the Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, academician, doctor of biological sciences, professor, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education, Mariana Mikhailovna Bezrukikh:

“To a much greater extent than prescribing graphic elements, the development of skills such as visual-spatial analysis, hand-eye coordination prepares for writing. From the point of view of the formation of writing skills, the ability to copy a character for a child of five or six years is much more important than the ability to write cursive elements.

We will also use hieroglyphs in our classes, as well as origami, modeling, appliqué and other joys of children's life!

The cost of diagnosing a child's readiness for school

Diagnosis of a child's readiness for school takes place over two meetings.

First meeting

The first meeting includes:

• 20 minutes of preliminary conversation with parents,
• 60 minutes (if necessary with a break) lasts directly testing the child.

The cost of the consultation is 3500 rubles.

Between meetings, the psychologist processes the results and prepares a conclusion.

Second meeting

The second meeting takes place only with parents, during which a conclusion is issued on the readiness of the child for learning with recommendations. The duration of the meeting is 40 minutes, the cost of the consultation is 2000 rubles.

Please note that the preliminary meeting with the parents and testing of the child takes place on the same day, and the meeting with the parents based on the results of the diagnosis is scheduled for another date.

The cost of two meetings (20 min + 60 min + 40 min) is 5500 rubles.

The cost of preparing for school

Preparing a child for school takes place 2 times a week, classes are individual and in a group of 3-5 people. Classes are held in our center in Moscow.

We are waiting for you and your children in our center!

Our psychologists

All specialists of our center have extensive experience, specialized education, and take advanced training courses. On the page of each psychologist, you can see reviews, certificates, information about work experience, features of the approach.

Oksana Nikolaevna
barkova

Psychotherapist, Gestalt psychologist

Experience 25 years

Helps to understand oneself, resolve conflicts and build relationships with others. Overcome fears and lack of interest in life.

Natalya Yurievna
bogerchuk

Family psychologist, psychoanalyst

Work experience 15 years

Provides individual and family counseling, helps in resolving conflicts, psychological difficulties and problems in relationships.

Olga pavlovna
sopot

Psychotherapist, family psychologist

Inga Malyugina
Psychological preparation of children for school

I, Malyugina Inga Viktorovna, teacher preschool group. I am glad to welcome you on my page. Today we will talk with you about readiness preparatory children groups to study in school.

The child's readiness for learning school is one of the most important outcomes mental development during preschool childhood and the key to successful education in school. From being a child prepared for school all previous preschool period of development, will depend on the success of its adaptation of entering the mode school life, his academic success, his psychological well-being.

Let's figure out with you what is the child's readiness for school.

Composite Components psychological readiness for school are:

*personal

*intellectual

*emotional-volitional

* physical.

Personal and socio-psychological readiness for school includes the formation of a child's readiness to accept a new social position schoolboy having a range of important duties and rights, occupying other than preschoolers in the children's society.

Taking a stand student- is primarily related to school, to learning activities, to the teacher, to oneself. The ability to communicate with adults, with peers, enter into a children's society, act together with others.

Intelligent readiness for school consists in acquiring a certain outlook, a stock of specific knowledge, in understanding general patterns, underlying knowledge:

* the orientation of the child in the world around him, the stock of his knowledge acquired by him in the system,

* Desire to learn new things

* sensory development,

development of figurative representations,

*development of speech and thinking.

Emotional and volitional readiness of the child to school involves:

* the ability to subjugate motives, control one's behavior,

* the ability to organize your workplace and maintain order in it,

* a positive attitude towards the goals of the activity (study, acceptance of them,

* the desire to overcome difficulties,

* the desire to achieve the result of their activities.

Physical readiness includes:

*health status (absence of serious diseases, heredity, etc.)

* physical development (classes in sports sections, visits to circles,

*development of analyzer systems,

* development of small muscle groups (hand, fingers,

*development of basic movements (running, jumping, walking, sports games).

All mental processes(attention, memory, thinking, imagination) must be sufficiently developed. The child should be able to focus his attention on different work, for example, writing the elements of a letter. The development of perception and thinking allows the child to systematically observe the objects and phenomena being studied, to highlight significant features and differences in objects and phenomena, to reason and draw conclusions, and to come to a certain result.

In the modern world, there are a lot of different benefits, exercises, tasks, games for the comprehensive development of the child. Easy and fun to do with all family members who have free time and a desire to practice. When typing tasks, pay attention to the weak points of your child. Use general strengthening exercises that are useful for strengthening perception, attention, memory, hand motility. Speak difficult words clearly. Ask them to pronounce, repeat. Learn a lot of little rhymes, read to your child. Learn tongue twisters and make up stories. Ask them to retell. Play collective games, they develop arbitrariness of actions, concentration, enrich the speech reserve children, sociability, evoke positive emotions.

You can choose games or toys that will help you in preparing children for school(for example, your favorite fairy tale character, in any case, your child is growing and approaching school. And it is in your interest to make this time as soft and interesting as possible.

But please remember a few simple rules:

*classes should not be violent,

*Lessons should not exceed 35 minutes

* arrange small physical education minutes, breaks,

*Classes must be arranged in a system.

Try to wake up motivation for classes, interest the child (praise, stickers for special achievements, surprise moments, etc.)

In conclusion, I would like to say the following - no matter how your child moves to the heights of knowledge, he needs your help, love, support, faith in himself. Create a healthy, positive, positive attitude before school, in which he would strive to acquire new knowledge, skills, was not afraid of bad grades, problems with teachers, classmates, and was sure that an excellent student or a loser, he is your most beloved and dear!

Good luck, dear parents!

Sending a child to first grade, any family radically changes the previously adopted lifestyle. This is especially true for the child himself, who begins to feel excessive fatigue, sometimes gets sick, mopes and even cries - the parents themselves begin to worry along with him. Is it possible to somehow help in this case, not only the first-grader, but also yourself? Naturally, any parent tries to do everything possible for this, however, not everyone can confidently say that he is moving in the right direction.

Initially, it all starts in modern "scarecrows", when experienced parents narrate to those. Who still has everything ahead, about what a complex program and high demands await their children in the near future. This leads to the fact that as soon as the child leaves the tender toddler age, parents try to seat them in reading and counting, as a result of which the child reads at school and considers the best of the class combined, however, he does not have fewer problems from this. becomes.

In school, the child may well be doing well, however, at the same time, he may experience a sharp gap in the ability to communicate and self-confidence.

Only with age will understanding and knowledge of many things come to him. Perhaps the child has not yet learned to fix his attention and switch it to the right objects. He is characterized by absent-mindedness and forgetfulness, he cannot yet live by the rules of the school and get along with all his classmates.

Any primary school teacher can attest to the fact that sometimes more than the inability to read, a child is hindered by the fact that he slowly changes clothes or has difficulty collecting a briefcase.

Parents should initially think about the fact that the child needs to be taught first of all to communicate with peers - these are the skills that will be useful to him at school. In addition, it must be borne in mind that in any school there are certain rules that primarily relate to the teacher-student relationship. The kid, who first got into such a team as the most ordinary school class, still does not understand elementary, it would seem, things, such as respect for the hierarchy, the need to raise his hand in order to answer a question or ask something himself, or get up in that the moment when the teacher appears in the classroom is still incomprehensible to him.