Ship of the line Grosser Elector. Damage to the German battleship Grosser Kurfürst. Friedrich der Große - Old Fritz
Germanic damage battleship"Grosser Elector"
The elements are of the same type as the battleship Koenig.
"Grosser Elector" (" Grosser Kurfurst”) was the second in the column of the third squadron of German battleships.
He was under fire from the heavy 381-mm artillery of the fifth squadron of British ships of the line (8-381 mm guns each), receiving hits from varying distances from 102 to 42 cab. at a speed of 22 knots.
For the entire period of the battle (2 hours), the Grosser Kurfürst received 8 hits by English semi-armor-piercing shells, and there was a case when four 381-.M.M shells hit the battleship within 2 minutes (Fig. 64).
Two heavy shells hit the port side; one of them pressed two 355-mm plates of the main armor belt at the very waterline. From the damage received in the hull of the ship, the entire bow of it was gradually flooded with water, with the exception of the compartment of the torpedo tubes and the trim tank. The water level rose to the middle living deck.
Another shell went through the 280-mm armor of the anti-mine artillery casemate and pierced the transverse bulkhead on the port side with a piece of armor.
From the next 381-mm projectile, which crashed on the barbette of the bow of the ship, the upper deck of the forecastle was damaged. A shell that exploded, probably at the junction of 355 and 280 mm armor plates, destroyed the ventilation shaft of the first stoker.
Two subsequent shells hit the main armor belt (355 mm) and weakened it so that the rear side corridors and coal pits on the port side filled with water.
As a result of damage to the underwater part in the bow and stern, the ship received a roll of up to 4 ° to the port side.
With great difficulty, the hole was repaired, almost all the water was pumped out, and then the ship's roll decreased to 1 °, since 800 tons of water still remained in the ship. The last two hits were on the main armor belt, which remained intact. Of the crew, 25 people were injured. The ship returned to the base without outside help, where it got into factory repair, which lasted until July 21, 1916.
And t about g and. For 2 hours of battle with English battleships, the Grosser Kurfürst received 8-381 mm hits from semi-armor-piercing shells, which caused significant damage to it. The main armored 355-mm belt was hit by 5 heavy shells; in three cases, the armor was damaged, and as a result of the broken watertightness of the side, in the presence of underwater holes in some places, a strong leak appeared on the port side. From the received water in the bow and stern, the ship received a 4 ° roll.
However, two hits by 381-mm shells did not bring damage to the main armor belt. In two cases, the 280-mm casemate armor was pierced by heavy shells, and its transverse bulkhead was pierced with a piece of armor. The barbette and the upper deck were destroyed by a heavy shell.
On the mechanical side, the shell destroyed the ventilation shaft of the first stoker.
The struggle for the survivability of the ship was expressed in sealing up an underwater hole and pumping out water with ship drainage facilities. Still, 800 tons of water remained inside the ship. Roll from 4° was reduced to 1°. 2% of the crew suffered. The ship was under factory repair for 50 days.
4. Miroshnik I.V. Consistent management of multichannel systems. - L.: Energoatomizdat, - p., p., fig. as the leading channel with the smallest value of the control signal and the correction of the set value of the adjustable parameter in each of the channels, characterized in that this correction.
Consistent management of multichannel systems. Miroshnik I. V. Leningrad. Energoatomizdat. d. The principles of construction and methods of analytical design of closed algorithms for coordinated control of multichannel systems and, in particular, multi-motor electric drives are considered. Adaptive methods for improving the accuracy of matching are proposed, and issues of microprocessor implementation of control devices are considered.
Price: RUB Registration of purchase only UNDER ORDER. Departure in days. 6. Miroshnik I. V. Coordinated control of multichannel systems. Leningrad: Energoatomizdat, p. 7. Miroshnik I. V., Fradkov A. L., Nikiforov V. O. Nonlinear and adaptive control of complex dynamic systems. St. Petersburg: Nauka, p. 8. Miroshnik I. V., Chepinsky S.
A. Control of multi-link kinematic mechanisms // Nauch.-tekhn. vestn. St. Petersburg State University ITMO. № 3. P. - 9. Miroshnik IV, Chepinsky SA Trajectory control of kinematic mechanisms of non-trivial design // Nauch.-tekhn. vestn. St. Petersburg State University ITMO. No. - p. 5. Miroshnik I. V. Coordinated control of multichannel systems. - L .: Energoatomizdat, - p. 6. Miroshnik I.V., Ushakov A.V. Synthesis of an algorithm for synchronous control of quasi-similar objects // Automation and Telemechanics.
– – № – S. Author: Miroshnik I.V. Title: Coordinated control of multichannel systems Publisher: L.: Energoatomizdat Year: Format: pdf Size: 5 mb. The principles of construction and methods of analytical design of closed algorithms for coordinated control of multichannel systems and, namely, multi-motor electric drives are considered. Adaptive ways to improve the accuracy of matching are proposed, issues of microprocessor implementation of control devices are examined.
The main provisions are illustrated by practical examples..ru download from rusf. Consistent control of multichannel systems: industrial and practical edition / I. V. Miroshnik. - L.: Energoatomizdat, - p.: ill.
ISBN r. DRNTІ UDC Key words: automatic control systems -- automatic control systems -- coordinated control -- multichannel systems -- multimotor electric drives -- digital systems -- adaptive control -- linear tasks -- non-linear tasks Instances in total: 2 Storage location: kx (2) Free: kh (2).
Find similar. 2. 6P D Drozdov, Valentin Nilovich. Automatic control systems with microcomputers: scientific publication / V. N. Drozdov, I. V. Miroshnik, V. I. Skorubsky. Miroshnik I.V. Consistent management of multichannel systems. PDF file. 4.89 MB in size. Adaptive methods for improving the accuracy of matching are proposed, and issues of microprocessor implementation of control devices are considered. The main provisions are illustrated with practical examples.
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Categories Post navigation The model of the battleship presented for review and court is named after the founder of the Brandenburg-Prussian state, Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg (1640-1688). The ship was at one time nicknamed the Great Elector, or, in German translation, Großer Kurfürst.The fate and history of this battleship is no less significant than the history of the reign of Friedrich Wilhelm.
The ship was launched in May 1913. Its total displacement is 29200 tons, dimensions are 175.4 mx 29.5 m, power point- three-shaft,. Max speed- 21 knots.
The Grosser Kurfürst and its three sisterships, König, Markgraf, Kronprinz Wilhelm, were improved versions of the Helgoland-class battleships. The ship was equipped with turbines (15 boilers, 3 turbines) installed for the first time in the German Navy. The armor belt "Grosser Kurfurst" was 350 mm, the armor of the tower and the bow house was up to 300 mm, the armor of the gun casemates was 170 mm. The crew of the battleship different sources was about 1136 people. Armament: 10 - 305 mm/50, 14 - 150 mm/45, 4 - 88 mm/45 anti-aircraft guns, 5 torpedo 500 mm tubes.
"Grosser Kurfurst" during the First World War was part of the 3rd linear squadron of the High Seas Fleet, took part in reconnaissance operations off the coast of England.
In May 1916, the Grosser Kurfurst as part of a 3-line squadron, including the battleships König (as flagship), the battleship Markgraf, Kronprinz, as well as the Kaiser, Prince Regent Luitpold" and "Kaiserin" took part in the battle of Jutland or, in the German interpretation, the battle of the Skagerrak, with the superior forces of the English fleet.
It is worth noting interesting fact that during the Battle of Jutland the British fired 4598 shells large calibers(of which 1239 of 381-mm caliber) and achieved 100 hits, which is 2.2%, as well as 74 torpedoes from 12 battleships, 10 cruisers, and 52 destroyers, achieving five hits, sinking an outdated German battleship and destroyer. The Germans, in turn, fired 3597 shells and achieved 120 hits, which is 3.3%, and 109 torpedoes from 8 battleships, 4 cruisers - four, and 67 destroyers, and, having achieved three hits, sunk three English destroyers.
Despite the fact that most of the British shells were too tough for Krupp steel, the lead ships König, Grosser Kurfürst, Markgraf, and Kronprinz Wilhelm were seriously damaged.
In total, during the battle of Jutland, five 381-mm shells and three 343-mm shells hit the Grosser Kurfürst. Crew losses were two officers and 13 sailors killed and 10 wounded.
On the Grosser Kurfürst, a 381-mm projectile hit the 170-mm battery armor, causing great damage to the adjacent parts of the decks, transverse and anti-fragmentation bulkheads. At a distance of 12,000 m (65 kbt.), the 350-mm armor of the main armor belt withstood the impact of another 381-mm projectile, the armor plate was slightly pressed in, and when the projectile burst, the hull skin under the plate was damaged. Another 381-mm projectile exploded next to the 300-mm wall of the bow turret barbette, breaking off part of it. The 200-mm upper armor belt was pierced by two 381-mm shells from a distance of 12,000 m. In both cases, the shells exploded on the outer part of the armor and the main effect of the explosion force went out, but the fragments flying off from the inside of the armor plate caused damage.
The Grosser Kurfürst was surrendered to the enemy at the end of the First World War and scuttled in Scapa Flow along with other ships of the German Navy in 1919. Raised and scrapped in 1936.
In the creation of the model, a plastic set from ICM was used, a wooden deck from Artwoxmodel. Photo-etch kit from WEM. Turned barrels from an unknown manufacturer. All paints are acrylic "AKAN". Primer Tamievskaya.
Working with plastic big problems did not call. The plastic is soft and cuts well. Black organza was used to simulate rigging.
A more or less detailed construction process is described in the building tales "Grosser Kurfürst Again".
Considering that this is my second model in 350 scale, not everything turned out as we would like. But you be the judge.
Special thanks for the help in the construction of the battleship deLoro, Danile and many others from the shipbuilding community.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| "Grosser Elector" | |
|---|---|
| SMS Großer Kurfürst (1913) | |
Battleship type "Koenig" at sea | |
| Service: | German Empire |
| Vessel class and type | Dreadnought |
| Organization | Imperial naval forces |
| Manufacturer | Germaniawerft , Keel |
| Construction started | October 1911 |
| Launched into the water | 5 May 1913 |
| Commissioned | July 30 1914 |
| Withdrawn from the Navy | 1919 |
| Status | Sunk by crew at Scapa Flow 21st of June 1919 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 25,390 tons (standard) 28,600 tons (full) |
| Length | 175,4 |
| Width | 29.5 m |
| Draft | 9.19 m |
| Booking | 350 mm on the sides, 300 mm - towers and cabins, deck: 20-30+60-100 |
| Engines | 3 Parsons low pressure turbines 15 boilers Schulze-Thornycroft |
| Power | 43 300 l. With. |
| mover | Three-bladed propellers with a diameter of 3.8 m |
| travel speed | 21 knots |
| cruising range | 6800 miles on the move 12 knots |
| Crew | 1,136 officers and sailors |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 10 × 305/50 in five turrets, 14 × 150/45 in casemates, 10×88/45, 2 × 37 mm guns |
| Mine and torpedo armament | Five 500 mm torpedo tubes |
Construction
The battleship Grosser Kurfürst was laid down in October 1911 and launched on May 5, 1913. It was introduced into the fleet on July 30, 1914, shortly before the start World War I.
Service
"Grosser Kurfürst", like three other battleships of the same type, participated in all major operations World War I, including Battle of Jutland May 31 - June 1, 1916. During the battle, the Grosser Kurfürst did not receive serious damage.
The battleship "Grosser Kurfürst" in October 1917 took part in Operation Albion, attacking belonging Russian Republic islands in Gulf of Riga, shelling Russian positions on the coast.
"Grosser Kurfürst" during his service was damaged as a result of collisions with the battleships "König", "Kronprinz", was torpedoed several times and hit a mine once.
After the defeat of Germany and the signing truce in November 1918, the Grosser Kurfürst, like most large warships High Seas Fleet, was interned by the British Royal Navy in Scapa flow. The ships were disarmed, their teams were reduced.
On June 21, 1919, shortly before the Treaty of Versailles was signed, the commander of the interned fleet, rear admiral Ludwig von Reuther, ordered about the sinking of the fleet.
"Grosser Kurfürst" was raised in May 1938 and dismantled for metal.
see also
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Notes
Links
- Campbell John. Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1998. - ISBN 978-1-55821-759-1.
- Campbell John. Germany 1906–1922 // Conway "s All the World" s Battleships: 1906 to the Present. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1987. - P. 28–49. - ISBN 978-0-85177-448-0.
- Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. - Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1985. - ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8.
- Groner Erich. German Warships: 1815–1945. - Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990. - ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Herwig Holger."Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. - Amherst, New York: Humanity Books, 1998. - ISBN 978-1-57392-286-9.
- Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe. - Ratingen: Mundus Verlag, 1993. - Vol. four. - ISBN 978-3-8364-9743-5.
- Hore Peter. Battleships of World War I. - London: Southwater Books, 2006. - ISBN 978-1-84476-377-1.
- Massie Robert K. Castles of Steel. - new york city: Ballantine Books, 2003. - ISBN 978-0-345-40878-5.
- Staff Gary. German Battleships: 1914–1918 (Volume 2). - Oxford: Osprey Books, 2010. - ISBN 978-1-84603-468-8.
- Tarrant V.E. Jutland: The German Perspective. - London: Cassell Military Paperbacks, 2001. - ISBN 978-0-304-35848-9.
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Excerpt characterizing SMS Grosser Kurfürst (1913)
Oh, you, my canopy, my canopy!“Canopy my new…”, twenty voices picked up, and the spoonman, despite the heaviness of the ammunition, briskly jumped forward and walked backwards in front of the company, moving his shoulders and threatening someone with spoons. The soldiers, swinging their arms to the beat of the song, walked with a spacious step, involuntarily hitting the leg. Behind the company came the sounds of wheels, the crunch of springs and the clatter of horses.
Kutuzov with his retinue was returning to the city. The commander-in-chief signaled that the people should continue to walk freely, and pleasure was expressed on his face and on all the faces of his retinue at the sound of the song, at the sight of the dancing soldier and the merrily and briskly marching soldiers of the company. In the second row, from the right flank, from which the carriage overtook the companies, a blue-eyed soldier, Dolokhov, involuntarily caught the eye, who walked especially briskly and gracefully to the beat of the song and looked at the faces of the passers-by with such an expression as if he pitied everyone who did not go at this time with a company. A hussar cornet from Kutuzov's retinue, who was mimicking the regimental commander, lagged behind the carriage and drove up to Dolokhov.
The hussar cornet Zherkov at one time in St. Petersburg belonged to that violent society led by Dolokhov. Zherkov met Dolokhov abroad as a soldier, but did not consider it necessary to recognize him. Now, after Kutuzov's conversation with the demoted one, he turned to him with the joy of an old friend:
- Dear friend, how are you? - he said at the sound of the song, equalizing the step of his horse with the step of the company.
- I am like? - answered Dolokhov coldly, - as you can see.
The lively song attached particular importance to the tone of cheeky gaiety with which Zherkov spoke, and the deliberate coldness of Dolokhov's answers.
- So, how do you get along with the authorities? Zherkov asked.
- Nothing, good people. How did you get into the headquarters?
- Seconded, I'm on duty.
They were silent.
“I let the falcon out of my right sleeve,” said the song, involuntarily arousing a cheerful, cheerful feeling. Their conversation would probably have been different if they had not spoken at the sound of a song.
- What is true, the Austrians were beaten? Dolokhov asked.
“The devil knows, they say.
“I am glad,” Dolokhov answered briefly and clearly, as the song demanded.
- Well, come to us when in the evening, the pharaoh will pawn, - said Zherkov.
Or do you have a lot of money?
- Come.
- It is forbidden. He gave a vow. I don't drink or play until it's done.
Well, before the first thing...
- You'll see it there.
Again they were silent.
“Come in, if you need anything, everyone at headquarters will help…” said Zherkov.
Dolokhov chuckled.
“You better not worry. What I need, I won't ask, I'll take it myself.
"Yeah, well, I'm so...
- Well, so am I.
- Goodbye.
- Be healthy…
... and high and far,
On the home side...
Zherkov touched his horse with his spurs, which three times, getting excited, kicked, not knowing where to start, managed and galloped, overtaking the company and catching up with the carriage, also in time with the song.
Returning from the review, Kutuzov, accompanied by the Austrian general, went to his office and, calling the adjutant, ordered to give himself some papers relating to the state of the incoming troops, and letters received from Archduke Ferdinand, who commanded the advanced army. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky with the required papers entered the office of the commander in chief. In front of the plan laid out on the table sat Kutuzov and an Austrian member of the Hofkriegsrat.
“Ah ...” said Kutuzov, looking back at Bolkonsky, as if by this word inviting the adjutant to wait, and continued the conversation begun in French.
“I’m only saying one thing, General,” Kutuzov said with a pleasant grace of expression and intonation, forcing one to listen to every leisurely spoken word. It was evident that Kutuzov listened to himself with pleasure. - I only say one thing, General, that if the matter depended on my personal desire, then the will of His Majesty Emperor Franz would have been fulfilled long ago. I would have joined the Archduke long ago. And believe my honor, that for me personally to transfer the higher command of the army more than I am to a knowledgeable and skillful general, such as Austria is so plentiful, and to lay down all this heavy responsibility for me personally would be a joy. But circumstances are stronger than us, general.
And Kutuzov smiled with an expression as if he were saying: “You have every right not to believe me, and even I don’t care whether you believe me or not, but you have no reason to tell me this. And that's the whole point."
The Austrian general looked dissatisfied, but could not answer Kutuzov in the same tone.
“On the contrary,” he said in a grouchy and angry tone, so contrary to the flattering meaning of the words spoken, “on the contrary, Your Excellency’s participation in the common cause is highly valued by His Majesty; but we believe that a real slowdown deprives the glorious Russian troops and their commanders of those laurels that they are accustomed to reap in battles, ”he finished the apparently prepared phrase.
Kutuzov bowed without changing his smile.
- And I'm so convinced and, based on last letter, with which His Highness Archduke Ferdinand honored me, I assume that the Austrian troops, under the command of such a skilled assistant as General Mack, have now won a decisive victory and no longer need our help, ”said Kutuzov.