Dedicated to the memory of Aslan Maskhadov. Biography Aslan Alievich Maskhadov son Anzor

27.06.2022

Aslan (Khalid) Alievich Maskhadov(Chech. Maskhadan Іallin kІant Aslan (Khalid); September 21, 1951, Shokay village, Karaganda region, Kazakh SSR, USSR - March 8, 2005, Tolstoy-Yurt, Chechen Republic, Russian Federation) - an active participant in the separatist movement in Chechnya (1990s - 2000s), military and statesman of the unrecognized Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (ChRI). In the early 1990s, he participated in the creation of the armed forces of the CRI and led the military operations of the separatists against the federal forces; from January 1997 to March 2005 - President of the CRI. He was killed on March 8, 2005 as a result of a special operation by the FSB.

The verdict of the Supreme Court of North Ossetia in the case of the seizure of a school in Beslan contains an allegation of Maskhadov's involvement in this act of terrorism, which, according to the BBC, Maskhadov himself denied.

Born in the village of Shokay, Osakarovskiy district, Karaganda region, Kazakh SSR, where his family was deported in 1944. A native of the teip Alleroy.

In 1957 (according to other sources - in 1959), after the rehabilitation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples, he returned with his family to Chechnya, to the village of Zebir-Yurt in the Nadterechny district of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1966 he joined the Komsomol. In 1968 he graduated from the 10th grade of a secondary school in the village of Nadterechnoe.

In 1969 he entered the Tbilisi Higher Artillery School, from which he graduated in 1972. Then, in 1972-1978, he served in the Far Eastern Military District near Ussuriysk in h 20119, located in the village of Platonovka, Khanka District, on the shores of Lake Khanka). He held the positions of commander of a fire platoon, commander of a battery, chief of staff of an artillery battalion and deputy commander of a battalion.

In 1978 he entered the Leningrad Military Artillery Academy. M. I. Kalinin, from which he graduated with honors in 1981. According to the documents, at the academy he was listed as Oslan, and classmates called him Oleg. They noted that at that time he did not adhere to the Muslim faith and was not indifferent to alcohol.

Then in 1981 he was sent to the Southern Group of Forces (Tata, Hungary), where he successively held the positions of division commander, regimental chief of staff, and then commander of the 198th self-propelled artillery regiment. According to colleagues, his regiment was repeatedly awarded the challenge banner of the Military Council of the district.

Since 1986, commander of the 379th self-propelled artillery regiment of the 107th motorized rifle division of the Baltic Military District (Vilnius, Lithuania). His regiment was the best in the Baltic military district, there was no hazing, officers' wives were invited to classes and a women's council was created.

In 1989, the unit under the command of Maskhadov became the first in the division, and in 1990 it was recognized as the best in the Baltic Military District in combat and political training.

In 1990, he was appointed head of the artillery division, elected secretary of the party committee and chairman of the officers' meeting. Since 1991, he commanded the headquarters of the rocket troops and artillery of the Vilnius garrison. He served as deputy commander of the 7th division. At the beginning of the same year, part of it took part in an action to suppress the national liberation movement in Vilnius. His soldiers covered the capture of the Vilnius television center by OMON, but did not directly participate in the assault. According to the newspaper Moskovskiye Novosti (10.09.1995), "at that time his toughness and decisiveness in conflict situations were noted."

He was awarded the orders "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" II, III degree. At the time of his dismissal from the Armed Forces of the USSR, he had the rank of colonel.

In December 1992, after the aggravation of the situation on the border between Chechnya and Ingushetia, Maskhadov resigned from the Russian Armed Forces and arrived in Grozny, where, by order of Dzhokhar Dudayev, he was appointed chief of the Civil Defense of Chechnya, and soon - first deputy chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the CRI .

In 1993-1994, he led military operations against the anti-Dudaev opposition in the Urus-Martan, Nadterechny and Gudermes regions. In March 1994, by decree of Dudayev, he was appointed chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the CRI.

On March 8, 2005, Maskhadov was killed during a special operation by the FSB in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt (Grozny rural district), where he was hiding in an underground bunker under the house of one of his distant relatives. During the assault, Maskhadov resisted, and the special forces blew up the device, from the shock wave of which the house was dilapidated. Detained during the special operation, Maskhadov's personal assistant Vahid Murdashev, Maskhadov's nephew Viskhan Khadzhimuratov, as well as Skandarbek Yusupov and Ilyas Iriskhanov were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment for participating in illegal armed formations and illegal possession of weapons.

According to Ramzan Kadyrov, the former president of Chechnya "died as a result of careless handling of weapons by a bodyguard who was next to him." At the trial in the Supreme Court of Chechnya, the details of the death of the President of Ichkeria were revealed: the fatal shot was fired from a Makarov pistol, which was armed with Maskhadov's nephew and bodyguard Viskhan Khadzhimuratov. He explained: “My uncle always told me to shoot him if he was wounded and they tried to take him prisoner. He said that if he was captured, he would be mocked like Saddam Hussein.”

According to Maskhadov's son, the Russian special services have calculated the whereabouts of the CRI president with the help of special equipment capable of determining the coordinates of a mobile phone using the IMEI code.

Tolstoy-Yurt (Chech. Doykur-Evl) is the ancestral village of Ruslan Khasbulatov, which has always been considered the center of the anti-Dudaev, and then anti-Maskhadov opposition. After the outbreak of the second war (1999), many fellow countrymen and relatives of Maskhadov from the Nozhai-Yurt region moved to Tolstoy-Yurt.

On March 15, 2005, the FSB Public Relations Center announced that the reward of $10 million "for Maskhadov" had been paid "in full", without specifying who received it and for what. Maskhadov's body was delivered to Moscow, the place of his burial as a terrorist, in accordance with the law adopted in 2002, was not disclosed.

After Maskhadov's death, vice-president Abdul-Khalim Sadulaev became the "president of the CRI".

Field commander and chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Chechnya during the First Chechen War (1994-1996), President of Ichkeria (1997-2005), Head of the Chechen Defense Committee during the Second Chechen War.

Biography

Aslan (Oslan Alievich) Maskhadov was born on September 21, 1951 in the village of Shakai Osakarovskiy district of Karaganda regionKazakh SSR in the family of deported Chechens. Comes from Alleroy teip. In 1957 he returned with his parents to Chechnya, to the village of Zebir-Yurt, Nadterechny district. .

In 1969 he entered the Tbilisi Higher Artillery School, from which he graduated in 1972. In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Higher Artillery School named after M.I. Kalinin.

From 1972 to 1978, Alan Maskhadov commanded a platoon, then was a battery commander, chief of staff of a division in the Far East. In 1981-1986 he served in the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary (Szeged), then from 1986 in the Baltic Military District - first as commander of a self-propelled artillery regiment, and in the autumn of 1990 he became chief of staff of the Vilnius garrison missile and artillery troops and deputy commander of the 7th division (Uskhopchik). In January 1991, he participated in the events in Vilnius (the capture of the TV tower by Soviet troops).

Aslan Maskhadov was the chairman of the officers' meeting of the division. As a result of a conflict with the new division commander Frolov, on the eve of the transfer of the division to the Leningrad Military District in the fall of 1992, he filed a letter of resignation. He retired with the rank of colonel. During his service in the Soviet Army, he was awarded two orders "For Service to the Motherland".

Combat commander of Ichkeria

In November 1992 Aslan Maskhadov returned to Chechnya. From the end of 1992 to November 1993, he headed the civil defense of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (ChRI).

In the summer of 1993, he participated in raids against the anti-Dudaev opposition in the Urus-Martan, Nadterechny and Gudermes regions. Since November 1993 (after the unsuccessful anti-Dudayev rebellion, which resulted in the removal of the chief of the main headquarters of the armed forces, Viskhan Shakhabov), Aslan Maskhadov served as the chief of the main headquarters of Ichkeria. In March 1994 he was appointed Chief of the General Staff.

In December 1994 - January 1995, Maskhadov led the defense of the presidential palace in Grozny, being the first deputy chairman of the State Defense Council of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (President Dzhokhar Dudayev was the chairman of the State Defense Council) and continuing to hold the post of chief of the main headquarters.

In February 1995, Dudayev awarded Maskhadov the rank of divisional general.

From June 1995, he took part (as part of the delegation of the administration of Dzhokhar Dudayev) in the negotiations on a peaceful settlement of the crisis in Ichkeria in Grozny, head of the working commission on the block of military issues. In June 1996, at the talks in Nazran (Ingushetia), on behalf of the leadership of Ichkeria, he signed the Protocol of the meeting of the commission for negotiations on a ceasefire, hostilities and measures to resolve the armed conflict on the territory of Ichkeria. In August 1996, after the occupation of Grozny by Chechen detachments, he repeatedly negotiated with Alexander Lebed, which led to the signing of the Khasavyurt agreements on August 31, 1996.

On October 17, 1996, he was appointed Prime Minister of Ichkeria, simultaneously holding the posts of Minister of Defense and Chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces.

As President of Ichkeria

On December 3, 1996, he put forward his candidacy for the presidency of Ichkeria. Vakha Arsanov ran as a candidate for the post of vice president. On January 26, 1997, he won the presidential elections in Ichkeria, gaining 59.1% of the vote. He took office after the inauguration on February 12, 1997. At the same time, he took the post of chairman of the cabinet of ministers and, remaining commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the republic, abolished the post of defense minister, which he had held since the end of 1996.

In January 1997, he changed his name Aslan to Khalid (since the name Aslan is not Muslim).

In October 1997, he addressed the Parliament of Chechnya with a request to give it special powers for a period of two years - the right to completely or partially suspend the "regulatory legal acts" in force in Ichkeria, to appoint and dismiss officials of state power and administration, to issue "decrees and orders, not contradicting the sovereignty and independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria". In January 1998, the parliament denied the president this request.

On February 3, 1999, by his decree, he introduced "full Sharia rule" in Ichkeria, suspended the legislative activity of the parliament, abolished the post of vice president (dismissing Vakha Arsanov). He created the State Commission for the development of the Sharia Constitution headed by the Minister of Information, Culture and Communications Akhmed Zakaev and formed the State Council of Ichkeria - a new supreme legislative body. He included opposition leaders Shamil Basayev, Ruslan Gelayev, Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov, former President Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev into the State Council, who, however, refused to accept these appointments.

On February 9, 1999, at its first meeting, the State Council confirmed Maskhadov's powers as head of state and elected him as its chairman.

On March 21 and April 10, 1999, unsuccessful attempts were made on the life of Alan Maskhadov using anti-tank shells and high-explosive bombs.

After the invasion of Shamil Basayev's militants into Dagestan in the summer of 1999, he condemned this invasion. With the beginning of the second Chechen war, Aslan Maskhadov, with whom the Russian authorities severed relations, became the chairman of the State Defense Committee of Ichkeria. After the capture of Grozny by Russian troops, Alan Maskhadov went underground.

On February 18, 2000, Maskhadov was accused by the Russian prosecutor's office of organizing and participating in an armed rebellion. A criminal case was initiated against him under Article 279 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Maskhadov was also charged with organizing illegal armed formations and encroachment on the lives of law enforcement officers, he was put on the federal wanted list, and in 2002 - on the international wanted list. In February 2005, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office brought new charges against Alan Maskhadov for an armed attack on Ingushetia and Grozny in the summer of 2004, including hostage-taking in Beslan. Maskhadov himself in September 2004 declared his non-involvement in the seizure of a school in the North Ossetian city of Beslan and condemned this bloody act of terrorism.

On January 27, 2001, the new official Chechen authorities (Akhmat Kadyrov, Bislan Gantamirov) announced that the legitimate term of Maskhadov's presidency had ended. Maskhadov himself refused to agree with this, arguing that, according to the Chechen constitution, he was elected for five years, and, moreover, his powers were automatically extended for the duration of hostilities.

Death

On March 8, 2005, the second president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Aslan Maskhadov, was killed as a result of a military special operation carried out by special forces of the Russian Federal Security Service in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, Grozny district of Chechnya.

Family status

He has been married since the age of 17, his wife is Kusama, a teacher by education. There is a son Anzor and a daughter Fatima. Anzor took part in the fighting in the first war. On May 4, 1994, a grandson was born, who was named Shamil - in honor of Shamil Basayev. There is a granddaughter.

Interviews and books by Aslan Maskhadov

Express Chronicle, February 26, 2000, 8 (611).
Interview with Aslan Maskhadov // Komsomolskaya Pravda, 03/18/2000.
Aslan Maskhadov: I suspended the fighting // Kommersant, 03/21/2000.
The Russian army is a great army, and it must be done so that it will not be dishonored again // Kommersant, 09/22/2000.
No one is going to run away from Chechnya // Kommersant, 01/27/2001.
Aslan Maskhadov is ready to apologize to his people // Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 28.02.2001.
Maskhadov parle // Le Monde, 10/29/2000 (translation into Russian: Maskhadov speaks // Kommersant, 11/01/2000.)
I repeatedly suggested to Putin to stop this senseless war for Russia // Maskhadov.com, March 2005.
Maskhadov A. Honor is dearer than life. Grozny, 1997.

Notes

Aslan Alievich Maskhadov // Pseudology, 03/12/2005.
They got it from under Chechnya // Kommersant-Vlast, 03/14/2005.
The Soviet Army during the Cold War (1946-1991). Tomsk: Publishing House Vol. un-ta, 2004.
The leader of the militants suppressed the uprising in Lithuania // Komsomolskaya Pravda, 03/10/2005.
Maskhadov: from Vilnius to Grozny // BBC, Russian Service, 12/18/2001.

Aslan Maskhadov. Biography.

Aslan Alievich Maskhadov was born on September 21, 1951 in the village of Shakay, Osakarovsky district, Karaganda region, Kazakh SSR, in a deported Chechen family.

AT 1957, when the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored, his parents, along with his brothers and sisters, brought him home, to their historical homeland, to the village of Zebir-Yurt, Nadterechny district.

In 1968, in the village of Nadterechnoye, he graduated from 10 classes of secondary school and 1969 entered the Tbilisi Artillery School, from which he graduated in 1972.

AT 1972-1978 served in the Far Eastern Military District near Ussuriysk as a platoon commander, battery commander, division chief of staff.

AT 1978 entered the Kalinin Military Artillery Academy in the city of Leningrad, from which he graduated with honors in 1981.

After graduating from the military academy, 1981, was sent to Hungary, where he served as a division commander, regimental chief of staff and commander of an artillery regiment.

AT 1986-1992 served in the Baltic Military District in the city of Vilnius as a regiment commander, head of the missile forces and artillery of a division stationed in the same district.

In December 1992, resigned and arrived in Grozny, where by order of Dudayev, who at that time was the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, he was appointed First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

In March 1994 appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

From December 1994 to January 1995 led the defense of the presidential palace and the city of Grozny, and also led the defense of all fronts on the territory of the republic.

AT August-October 1995 led a group of military representatives of the Chechen delegation at the Russian-Chechen talks. In accordance with the agreements reached at the talks, he was appointed co-chairman of the special monitoring commission.

August 6, 1996 on his orders, the city of Grozny was attacked. According to his statement, the operation was undertaken in order "to show the whole world and, above all, Russia, the combat potential of the CRI Armed Forces."

AT August 1996 represented the Chechen side in negotiations with Alexander Lebed, Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the CRI.

August 31, 1996 In the small Dagestan town of Khasav-Yurt, Aslan Maskhadov and Alexander Lebed signed two final documents: a joint statement and "Principles for determining the foundations of relations between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria."

November 27, 1996 announced his decision to run for President of the CRI. On his initiative, all candidates had to swear publicly that they would not allow any provocations and offensive methods against their rivals.

January 27, 1997 with 59.3 percent of the vote, he was elected President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The elections were organized by the OSCE mission in Chechnya, in the presence of dozens of leading world organizations, including the OSCE, the Council of Europe, PACE, etc., and were recognized as exclusively competent and without any violations on the part of presidential candidates and candidates for members of the CRI Parliament.

May 12, 1997 In Moscow, President of the CRI Aslan Maskhadov and President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin signed a peace treaty "On Peace and Cooperation", which in fact became a legal recognition of the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the agreement stated that "from now on all issues will be resolved solely on the basis of international law ...".

Made the Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca twice 1997 - 1999.

August 1998 He made a visit to Washington to participate in the Second International Conference of Muslim Unity, which brought together religious and political figures from 25 Islamic states. During the conference, the leader of the Chechen people was elected honorary chairman of the Islamic Council.

August 7, 1998- Press conference of CRI President Aslan Maskhadov in Washington.

August 9, 1998- Documents were signed in Washington on the establishment of a branch of the Islamic World Bank (WIB) in the Chechen capital, the statutory fund of which was financed by Al-Buker, the largest banking system of the Islamic world.

August 14, 1998 – Return of the CRI President Aslan Maskhadov to the city of Dzhokhar (Grozny).

AT December 1998 Maskhadov's constitutional powers under the pretext of his "pro-Russian position" were challenged by "field commanders" Shamil Basaev, Salman Raduev, Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov and others. The "Council of Commanders of the CRI" headed by them demanded that the Supreme Sharia Court remove Maskhadov from his post.

August 16, 1999- In the center of the capital of Ichkeria, a rally was held, called by the leadership of the CRI. Aslan Maskhadov, President of the CRI, who spoke at the rally, accused the leadership of Russia of destabilizing the situation in Dagestan, which is looking for a pretext for putting pressure on Ichkeria.

September 11, 1999 addressed with a personal message to Alexander Lebed with a request again, as in August 1996, meet in Khasavyurt to prevent another large-scale war. On the same day, President Aslan Maskhadov initiated a personal meeting with Boris Yeltsin, during which, he said, he intended to propose to Russia that Chechnya be made "the most important strategic partner in the North Caucasus."

AT October 2000 in an interview with Liberation, he said that he had a total of 33,000 men under his command and that "the conflict in Chechnya is not religious and has nothing to do with Wahhabism." In an interview with Nezavisimaya Gazeta ( February 2001) President Aslan Maskhadov said that in the event of a peace treaty with Russia, the field commanders would stop the war on his orders. Maskhadov also told Nezavisimaya Gazeta that Chechen fighters had nothing to do with the terrorist attacks in Moscow, Volgodonsk and Buynaksk.

AT May 2001 in an interview with Novaya Gazeta, he stated that “today there is no official in the Kremlin with whom you can speak soberly, reasonably ... Understand, there is no one to negotiate with!”.

January 14, 2005 signed an order "on the unilateral suspension of offensive hostilities throughout the CRI and beyond during February." For the first time, the order was made public in the media February 3rd. The order specifically emphasizes that "this step was taken as a sign of goodwill."

February 7, 2005 made an appeal to the leadership of Russia and the world community regarding the peace initiative of the military-political leadership of Ichkeria.

March 8, 2005- As a result of a vile murder, in a fight with Russian special forces, the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the CRI, Aslan Maskhadov, perishes.

Aslan Maskhadov was directly involved in organizing armed formations in the 1990s. During the 1st Chechen war, he headed the headquarters of these formations. In 1997-2005 he was the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Killed by FSB special forces on March 8, 2005.

The beginning of the biography

Maskhadov's birthplace is Kazakhstan, Karaganda region, Oskarovsky district, Shakai settlement. In 1944, his entire family was deported there, which left the teip Alleroi in Chechnya. His father's name is Ali. Aslan had three brothers and two sisters.

Only in 1957 the family was able to return to Chechnya. They began to live in the village of Zebir-Yurt in the Nadterechny district. In 1968 Aslan graduated from the ten-year school in the village of Nadterechny.

Military career

In 1969, Aslan Maskhadov entered the artillery school in Tbilisi, from which he graduated in 1972. Further, his military career develops as follows:

1972-1978 - service near Ussuriysk in the Far Eastern Military District, where he rose to the post of chief of staff of an artillery battalion.
1978-1981 - studied in Leningrad at the Military Artillery Academy. Kalinin. He graduated with honors, was sent to the southern group of troops in Hungary, where the last was the post of regiment commander.
Since 1986 - command of the regiment in the Baltic States.
In 1990 - head of artillery in the division, secretary of the party committee and chairman of the officers' meeting.
Since 1991 - command of the headquarters in the rocket and artillery troops in Vilnius. He had the rank of colonel on the date of his discharge from the army.

Chief of staff

In December 1992, when the situation on the border between Ingushetia and Chechnya escalated, Maskhadov resigned and arrived in the city of Grozny. Dzhokhar Dudayev appoints him head of civil defense in Chechnya. Soon after that, he became the first deputy chief of the General Staff in the armed forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The continuation of Maskhadov's military career is as follows:

1993-1994 - leadership of military operations directed against the anti-Dudayev opposition;
1994, March - appointment as chief of the general staff in the armed forces of the CRI;
1994-1996 (1st Chechen war) - planning and leadership of major militant operations - combat and sabotage;
late 1994 - early 1995 - leadership in Grozny of the defense of the Presidential Palace;
February 1995 - assignment by Dudayev of the non-existent rank of divisional general.

Criminal proceedings

From August to December 1995, Aslan Maskhadov was at the head of a group of military representatives who were part of the separatist delegation in negotiations with the federal government. Then he is appointed to a special monitoring commission as its co-chairman.

On August 6, 1966, under his leadership, the Jihad operation was developed and carried out, during which the militants attacked Grozny, as well as Gudermes and Argun.

In March 1995, the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation initiated a criminal case against Maskhadov, and he was put on the wanted list. Nevertheless, in 1995 and 1996, he was a participant in negotiations with the Russian authorities more than once. On August 31, 1995, he signed the Khasavyurt agreements from the Chechen side.

Presidential term of Aslan Maskhadov

October 17, 1996 he becomes prime minister in the coalition government of Chechnya. November 23, 1996 signs an agreement with Chernomyrdin, Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. It is dedicated to the principles of relations between CRI and the federal center. January 27, 1997 Maskhadov, who received 59.3% of the vote, was elected president of Chechnya. In February, he also becomes chairman of the government.

May 12, 1997 in Moscow, Russian President Yeltsin and Maskhadov sign a peace treaty. According to historians, while in office, Maskhadov proved incapable of consolidating Chechen society. He supported an exclusively armed minority and rejected cooperation with centrists and forces loyal to Russia.

In the fall of 1998, the president was accused by Raduev, Israpilov and Basaev of colluding with Moscow, and they demanded his resignation. In response, the Basayev government was dismissed. As a result of the conflict with the field commanders, Maskhadov lost control of the overwhelming territory outside of Grozny.

Going underground

After Russian troops entered Chechnya, Maskhadov became the head of the armed resistance. In March 2000, the authorities of the Russian Federation once again put him on the federal wanted list, in 2002 - on the international one. Until 2002, Maskhadov was in the mountains with a small detachment. In 2002, at a meeting of field commanders, the separatists decided to create a single command, to which all power was transferred for the duration of the war. To this end, amendments were made to the constitution of Chechnya.

Aslan Maskhadov, having lost support among the militants and the population, remained only the elected leader of the separatists, with whom the Russian leadership, in the opinion of the foreign public, could negotiate. Many of his supporters could not stand the hardships of the guerrilla war and surrendered to the federal authorities, ending open resistance.

The question of involvement in terrorist attacks

From time to time there were reports that between Maskhadov and such leaders of the radical wing as Basayev and Umarov, disagreements arose over the methods of armed struggle. Allegedly, the former does not support hostage-taking and explosions of residential buildings, which led to the death of civilians in the Russian Federation.

In November 2002, although after a certain pause, he condemned the terrorist attack that took place on Dubrovka. He announced that a criminal case had been opened against Basayev for this act of terrorism and threatened that he would remove the latter from his post. However, no significant action was taken. Immediately after Basayev announced that he was responsible for the atrocity, he resigned on his own. However, at the same time, he also lived in Chechnya, and Maskhadov silently agreed with this.

After the terrorist attack, the leadership of the Russian Federation refused any contact with Maskhadov, accusing him of involvement in the action.

During the terrorist act in Beslan, for which Shamil Basayev declared himself responsible, the President of North Ossetia A. Dzasokhov (through A. Zakaev) asked Maskhadov for assistance.

On September 2, 2004, A. Zakayev informed the France-Presse news agency on behalf of Maskhadov that he was ready to fly to Beslan and take measures to free the hostages. But at the same time, he must receive guarantees of his immunity.

On the morning of September 3, 2004, Maskhadov made a personal statement condemning the attack. At noon an agreement was reached with Dzasokhov. It was supposed to arrive on the same day in case of providing personal guarantees of the President of Chechnya. After two explosions, the assault began (May 13).

Evidence of involvement

Already five months after the terrorist act in Beslan, Basayev was restored by Maskhadov to the post of military emir. In 2006, the Supreme Court of North Ossetia recognized the latter as one of the customers of the terrorist action.

On September 8, 2004, the FSB announced the payment of 300 million rubles for information that could help neutralize the leaders of gangs - Aslan Maskhadov and Shamil Basayev.

On September 17, 2004, Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation V. Kolesnikov made a statement that the Prosecutor General's Office had evidence of Maskhadov's involvement in the terrorist act committed in Beslan. This was the result of an objective investigation. At the same time, Kolesnikov called Maskhadov a subhuman.

On November 25, 2004, the Russian authorities announced that a special intelligence service was engaged in the capture of the two main Chechen terrorists. It is part of the counter-terrorist group of troops located in the North Caucasus. It unites the efforts of such departments as the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB and military intelligence (GRU).

On January 14, 2005, Maskhadov made another attempt to resolve the Chechen conflict peacefully. He signed an order that suspended (for February) the offensive in Chechnya and beyond. This was done unilaterally. It was first published in the media.

On February 3, 2005, in pursuance of this order, Basayev also ordered his subordinates to interrupt offensive operations until February 22.

Liquidation of Aslan Maskhadov

On March 8, 2005, he was killed during a special operation, which was carried out in the Grozny rural area, in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, by the FSB. There he was hiding with his distant relative in a bunker under the house. In the process of storming the bunker, they were resisted, and the commandos were forced to throw several grenades into the bunker. Their break led to Maskhadov's mortal wound.

During the special operation, his personal assistant, nephew and two other people were detained. All of them received different terms of imprisonment for illegal possession of weapons and for participation in gangs.

According to the son of Aslan Alievich Maskhadov, Anzor, the Russian special services managed to calculate the whereabouts of his father with the help of special equipment that determines the coordinates of a mobile phone using the IMEI code.

The village of Tolstoy-Yurt, which the Chechens call Doikur-Evl, is the ancestral village of Ruslan Khasbulatov. It has always been regarded as the center of the anti-Dudaev, and later anti-Maskhadov coalition. After the outbreak of the 2nd war, in 1999, many of Maskhadov's fellow countrymen and relatives moved there from the Nozhai-Yurtovsky district.

According to the version expressed by the Chechen Mujahideen, the death of Aslan Alievich Maskhadov occurred as a result of betrayal. And there is indirect confirmation of this, which consists in the message that was made by the Center for Public Relations of the FSB on March 15, 2005. It spoke about the payment of a reward in the amount of $ 1 million "for Maskhadov." At the same time, it was not reported to whom they were paid.

Family and awards

In 1972, Maskhadov married Kusama Semiyeva, a telephone operator. In 1979 they had a son, which was mentioned above. He left Aslan Alievich Maskhadov and his daughter Fatima, born in 1981. After some time, the couple divorced, and Aslan married a young girl from the village of Iskhoy-Yurt.

At the end of 2004, there was talk of the kidnapping of Maskhadov's distant relatives. According to rumors, at some point they were at the base of the Security Service of Chechen President R. Kadyrov, located in the south-east of the republic, in his family village of Tsentaroy.

After Maskhadov's death, his family lives in Finland. And the ex-wife, Kusama, returned to Chechnya in 2016.

Among the awards of Aslan Maskhadov are the Order "For Service in the USSR Armed Forces" of two degrees, 2nd and 3rd, as well as the highest order of Ichkeria called "Honor of the Nation".

Aslan Khalid Maskhadov was born on September 21, 1951 in the village of Shokay, Republic of Kazakhstan. In 1957, after the rehabilitation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples, he returned with his family to the Chechen Republic, to the village of Zebir-Yurt. In 1966 he joined the Komsomol. In 1968 he graduated from high school in the village of Nadterechnoye.

Maskhadov entered the Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School in 1969. I studied there until 1972. Then, from 1972 to 1978, he served in the Far Eastern Military District in military unit 20119, located in the village of Platono-Aleksandrovskoye, Primorsky Krai. During his service, he went from the commander of a fire platoon, then the commander of the battery to the deputy commander of the division. Since 1972 he was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

From 1978 to 1981 he studied at the St. Petersburg Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy. After the academy, he was sent to the Southern Group of Forces in the city of Kecskemét, Hungary. Held senior positions: Division Commander, Chief of Staff of the Regiment, Commander of the 198th Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment of the 19th Guards Tank Division.

Since 1986, Aslan Alievich commanded the 379th self-propelled artillery regiment of the 107th motorized rifle division of the Baltic Military District in Lithuania. Three years later, the unit under his command became the first in the division, in 1990 it was recognized as the best in the Baltic Military District in combat and political training.

In 1990, he took the post of Chief of Artillery of the division, was elected secretary of the party committee and chairman of the officers' meeting. The following year, he became Commander of the Headquarters of the Rocket Forces and Artillery of the Vilnius garrison. His soldiers covered the capture of the Vilnius television center by OMON, but did not directly participate in the assault. Maskhadov was sent away from the city two days before the events. Subsequently, he was appointed Chief of the Civil Defense of the Republic, and soon First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.

From 1993 to 1994, he led military operations against the anti-Dudaev opposition in the Urus-Martan, Nadterechny and Gudermes regions. In March 1994 he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic.

From December 1994 to January 1995 he led the defense of the Presidential Palace in the city of Grozny. In February 1995 he received the rank of divisional general. The headquarters of the armed forces was placed in the mountains on the border of the Vedeno and Nozhai-Yurt regions. In May of the same year, during the moratorium on hostilities announced by the Russian troops, he regrouped, reorganized his forces along fronts and directions. He led the Chechen fighters in negotiations with the federal authorities. In accordance with the agreements reached, he became co-chairman of the special monitoring commission.

In 1996, on August 6, under the leadership of Maskhadov, they developed and carried out an attack by militants on the cities of Grozny, Argun and Gudermes. The operation was called "Jihad". In the same year, on October 17, he headed the Government of the Republic, then signed an agreement with the Chairman of the Government of Russia on the principles of relations between the federal center and the Chechen Republic.

In January 1997 he was elected President of the Republic. Since February, he simultaneously took the post of Chairman of the Government. In May, Maskhadov and the President of Russia signed the Treaty on Peace and Principles of Relations between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. In the same year, he published an autobiographical book, Honor is Dearer than Life.

On January 9, 1999, Aslan Alievich advocated the creation of an Islamic state in the Chechen Republic. Signed a decree on the introduction of Sharia rule. In the summer, the confrontation between Maskhadov's supporters and the radical opposition sharply escalated.

From the territory of the republic, a massive invasion of militants into the Republic of Dagestan was carried out on August 7, 1999 under the overall command of Shamil Basayev and the Arab mercenary Khattab. For more than a month there were battles between the federal forces and the invading militants, which ended with the fact that the militants were forced to retreat from the territory of Dagestan. Given Maskhadov's inability to control the situation in the Chechen Republic, the Russian leadership decided to conduct a military operation to destroy the militants.

After the entry of Russian troops into the republic, he led the armed resistance and took the post of head of the State Defense Committee. On March 10, 2000, the authorities of the Russian Federation put him on the federal wanted list, and in 2002 on the international wanted list. Until 2002, Aslan Maskhadov with a small detachment was mainly in the mountainous part.

On January 14, 2005, he signed an order "On the unilateral suspension of offensive hostilities throughout the territory of the Chechen Republic and beyond for the month of February."

During a special operation on March 8, 2005, employees of the FSB Special Purpose Center in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt killed Maskhadov. During the assault, he resisted, and the commandos set off an explosive device, from the shock wave of which the house was dilapidated. The body was taken to the city of Moscow. The place of burial of him, as a terrorist, in accordance with the law, was not disclosed.

He was awarded the orders of the USSR "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" II and III degrees, two highest orders of the Chechen Republic "Honor of the Nation". He was posthumously awarded the military rank of Generalissimo of Ichkeria, the highest order "Honor of the Nation". In honor of him, the district of the city of Grozny was renamed.