Nuclear deep-sea stations project 1910 sperm whale code. Secrets of Losharik. The most silent and invulnerable

27.06.2022

project 940 "Lenok" - INDIA
Large rescue diesel-electric submarine ("BS"). R&D was started by TsKB-112 (later renamed TsKB Lazurit) in 1964-1968. during the development of technical solutions for a rescue submarine. The decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the design and construction was adopted on September 20, 1967. The design was carried out using the experience of testing and trial operation of the rescue submarine pr.666. The technical design of the Lenok submarine was developed in 1969 (without a preliminary design, chief designer B, A, Leontiev). The working drawings of the submarine pr.940 are ready by 1972 and work has begun on the preparation of the construction of the submarine at the Leninsky Komsomol plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur). The lead submarine BS-486 (serial number 194) was laid down on February 22, 1974, launched on September 7, 1975 and delivered to the Navy on January 21, 1976. The second boat BS-257 (serial number 195) was laid down on February 23, 1978, launched on May 27, 1979 and handed over to the Navy on September 1, 1979. fleet).

Rescue submarine pr.940 "Lenok" INDIA with rescue vehicles pr.1855 "Priz". This is probably BS-486, next to the submarine project 641B TANGO, 1998
Purpose of the submarine:
- search for an emergency submarine at depths up to 240 m independently and at depths up to 500 m using two portable self-propelled rescue shells (SPS) pr.1837.
- determination of the state of an emergency submarine with the help of divers at depths up to 200 m.
- rescue of the crew of an emergency submarine by the "dry" method with the help of SPS at depths of up to 500 m and by the "wet" method with the help of divers at depths of up to 120 m.
- search for sunken samples of weapons and military equipment at depths of up to 500 m with the help of SPS.
- designation of the place of the emergency submarine with the help of special signal cartridges and emitters of emergency signal noise MGS-29.
- establishing communication with the emergency submarine and maintaining its life.
- carrying out underwater work by divers using the method of long stay at depths up to 300 m.
- towing an emergency submarine on the surface.
- carrying out landing and landing special operations using appropriate watercraft instead of SPS.

Submarine design double-hull. The upper part of the light hull behind the cabin fence is raised to provide fastening of the ATP (withstands a storm up to 8 points). The front horizontal rudders are installed on the cabin of the submarine. The nasal bulb is characteristic of surface ships with a GAS placed in it.

Engines:
2 x diesel engines 1D43 with a capacity of 4000 hp each with RDP system
1 x diesel generator 2D42 with a capacity of 1750 hp
2 x main propulsion motors PG141 with a power of 3550 hp each
2 x electric motors of the economic course PG140 with a power of 190 hp each.
2 x PG103K electric motors with a power of 50 hp each at 165-420 rpm of lag movement (provide maneuvering near the sunken submarine) - located in the bow and stern ends of the submarine

Mechanics- two shafts with two screws in ring nozzles.

Energy- lead-acid batteries "product 419", quantity 4 groups of 112 pcs.

Special equipment- Special equipment was installed on the submarine to ensure long-term work of divers at depth - a flow-decompression chamber with a lock for divers and a long-stay compartment for divers. The equipment "Trident-KP" is used to observe the rescued. The operation of the long-stay compartment for divers and rescued is provided by a GK-225 helium-oxygen compressor and a GK-3 compressor.

performance characteristics of the submarine:
Crew - 94 people (including 17 officers, 21 diving service people and 8 SPS crew members) + 50 seats for the crew of the emergency submarine

Length - 106 m
Width - 9.7 m
Draft - 6.9 m

Normal surface displacement with 2 ATP - 3950 tons
Underwater displacement with 2 SPS - 5100 tons
Buoyancy reserve - 29%

Maximum surface speed - 15 knots
Maximum underwater speed - 11.5 knots
Underwater lag speed - 0.3 knots
Surface range (at a speed of 13 knots) - 3000 miles
Submerged range (at a speed of 3 knots) - 85 miles
Submerged range (at a speed of 11.5 knots) - 18 miles
Immersion depth working - 240 m
Maximum immersion depth - 300 m
Time of continuous stay under water - 60 hours

Autonomy - 45 days

Armament:
- 2 x self-propelled rescue projectiles (SPS) pr.1837
- since 1980 after the modernization of the B-486 submarine (on the B-257 after construction) - SPS pr.1855 "Priz"
- since 1994 on B-257 - SPS pr.18270 "Bester"
- in the course of modernization, the submarine was also equipped to receive apparatus for repair work, project 1837K and project 1839.

Equipment:(part of the GAS stations and other equipment may be mentioned twice under different names, as identification will be corrected)
- search sonar mine detection MG-519 "Plutonium" - during the modernization was replaced by the sonar "Arfa-G" (used to search for a sunken submarine without an alarm, installed during the modernization) - replaced by "Arfa-M" during the modernization
- GAS "Gamma-P" (installed during modernization)
- navigation GAS MG-17
- "Cobalt" system
- 2 x GAS MGA-5 locations (placed along the ship in the keel) - to clarify the position of the submarine above the emergency submarine) - during the modernization were replaced by GAS side and circular view "Krillon"
- GAS noise direction finding MG-10M2 (provides a bearing to the emergency submarine according to the signals of the emergency signaling device MGS-29 of the emergency submarine)
- GAS emergency communication MG-15 or MG-25
- equipment for determining the speed of sound in water MG-23
- GAS communications with ATP - MGA-1
- Radar "Cascade"
- Identification radar (?) "Khrom-KM" - during the modernization was replaced by "Password-301"
- radio direction finder "Veil"
- radar exposure detection station (SORS) "Nakat-M" (replaced by MRP-25 during modernization)
- communication station SVAN-M - replaced by "Anis-M-V" during modernization
- periscope
- equipment for determining the beginning of cavitation of propellers GI-102
- navigation echo sounder NEL-6 (replaced by echo sounder M1 during repair)
- echometer EL-3
- hydroacoustic log LA-1 (for measuring the speed of the submarine relative to the ground at a great distance to the ground)
- hydroacoustic log LA-3 "Kem" (for measuring the speed of the submarine relative to the ground at a distance to the ground of 5-170 m) - installed during the modernization
- GAS "Ekvator-1" - to determine the location of the submarine relative to the bottom beacons.

For communication with divers, the MGV-55 station is used. optical review is provided by the MT-70 TV complex (4 pcs) with 5 cameras under the keel and 1 camera in the wheelhouse (viewing area - 50 m along the length of the submarine and 10 m from the keel and above the boat) - observation is carried out through three screens in the central post . Light for TV cameras is provided by deep-sea lamps SGN-64. Automated system for maintaining the immersion depth with the ability to change in increments of 1 to 15 m. There is a pump for soil erosion at a depth of up to 120 m. m (submerged).

In early August, a number of central media reported that a unique submarine was launched at the Severodvinsk shipbuilding enterprise Sevmash. According to the press service of the enterprise, this ship "is designed for scientific and technical purposes and rescue people in extreme situations." No more details. It is only known that this submarine has an unusual layout: it consists of several spherical fragments, which allows it to operate at extreme depths. Neither the type of power plant, nor any other parameters of the ship were reported. Meanwhile, despite such a peaceful purpose of the submarine, its launch was accompanied by a number of oddities. The ceremony was closed not only to journalists, but also to the majority of Sevmash employees. Of the high-ranking officials, only the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov, was present at it. However, there is nothing strange in this. It is obvious that the new ship will replenish the composition of the submarine special forces, information about which has always been kept in strict confidence.

About the history of the issue

"Special purpose submarines" is a very broad concept, as is the range of tasks they perform. The construction of such boats began in the postwar years. The bulk of them were the so-called experimental submarines, on which the latest technical solutions in the field of underwater shipbuilding, weapons models, and sonar equipment were tested. As a rule, serial samples of submarines were taken as the basis for experimental boats, which were subsequently subjected to deep modernization. For similar purposes, the so-called target boats were also intended. At first, these were also converted serial ships, but later independent projects arose. For example, project 690 ("Mullet"). The category of "special purpose submarines" also includes rescue submarines. There are enough of them. The most recent development is the Project 940 submarine ("Lenok"). Several submarine designs are for more secret missions. Among them, the project 865 submarine (Piranha), known from the film “Peculiarities of National Fishing”, is among them. "Piranha" is used as a delivery vehicle for combat swimmers and saboteurs. There is plenty of information about these ships in open sources. In addition to conventional diesel submarines, there are also special-purpose nuclear submarines. We will dwell on them in more detail.

Iron

These submarines do not have names. Officially, they are designated by the abbreviation "AS" - "nuclear deep-water station". The first were adopted in the early 80s. The lead ship of the series was the nuclear deep-water station AS-13 "project 1910" Kashalot "(according to the NATO Uniform classification), which was laid down at the LAO plant (Leningrad) in 1977. Officially, it was intended for "testing new types of nuclear reactors." It is noteworthy that the ship was accepted into the Navy only in 1986, while it began performing tasks back in 1982. But more on that later. The second ship of the series was the AS-15 submarine, which was launched on the same LAO in 1988.

The development of the 1910 project was the 1851 project (NATO X-Ray classification). According to sources, it is intended for deep-sea work and is equipped with a diving station. The ships were built at the Sudomekh plant (Leningrad). In total, three submarines were launched: AS-21, AS-23 and AS-35.

The newest nuclear deep-sea station entered the fleet in 1997. This is the AC-12 submarine of project 10831 (according to the NATO classification NORSUB-5).

kids

About the "kids", as the sailors dubbed these submarines, the Navy does not like to spread. Especially about the tasks they perform. However, even what they say is often far from the truth. Topic is confidential. Nevertheless, some reliable information was collected. For example, it is known that until 1986, the "kids" were not included in the Navy, while they were conquering the depths of the ocean with might and main. Submarines were registered with a separate division of the General Staff, which worked in the interests of the Main Intelligence Directorate. In 1986, the ships became part of the Navy only indirectly. Only certain issues of support were assigned to the fleet, while control was still carried out directly from Moscow. It is also known that all nuclear deep-water stations are based in the Northern Fleet. They are reduced to the nuclear submarine brigade, which is organizationally part of one of the fleets of the Northern Fleet. Until recently, the formation was commanded by Rear Admiral Vladimir Dronov, Hero of Russia. He was awarded this title in 2000. This suggests that there is still enough work for the "kids". So what is this job?

Underwater wiretapping

Their very name speaks about the specifics of the tasks of these submarines. Ships and their crews are mainly engaged in deep-sea work. They can lie on the ground for several months. The so-called uterus submarines are involved in their provision. For example, the Orenburg nuclear submarine of project 09774 (667AN) (converted from a strategic missile carrier). Previously, the "kids" were provided by the rescue submarine of the Northern Fleet of project 940 ("Lenok"). These are submarines - carriers of small descent vehicles ("Bester"), which act as a kind of elevator between the "baby" lying at great depths and the surface. They transport people and goods. AC-12 (project 10831) is considered more advanced in this regard. According to our information, she "carries" her own mini-submarine "Rus". Moreover, "Rus" itself is capable of diving to fantastic depths.

What are all these submarines doing at depth? There are several versions. According to one of them, deep-sea stations are mainly engaged in banal wiretapping. Connect to submarine cables and download information. They also say that the “kids” are engaged in outright sabotage against NATO acoustic detection stations SOSUS on the famous Faroe-Icelandic border, which ensures the secrecy of combat patrols of nuclear-powered ships of the Northern Fleet. There is also information that deep-water stations several times carried out operations to lift secret equipment from NATO planes and helicopters that crashed in the sea, and were also involved in the secret Don Start program.

The significance of the work of submariners is evidenced by the fact that, according to available data, over the past 10 years alone, more than ten officers of the formation (including the commander) have been awarded the title of Hero of Russia. By the way, only officers serve on these submarines.

Special Forces on the Kursk

It is obvious that the "kids" are equipped with unique equipment for deep-sea work. After the Kursk disaster, the question was repeatedly heard: why were we waiting for foreign aid when there were such submarines nearby? In fact, there were “kids” on the Kursk. This is AS-15 (project 1910 "Kashalot"). The boat examined the Kursk already on the night of August 12-13, 2000 - 10-15 hours after the disaster, and this is partly confirmed by official data. Another question arises: why did we ask for foreign aid then? There is a somewhat cynical version of this. Like, the secret submarine did not want to shine on the whole world. It is likely that even then it was extremely clear that no one could be saved.

glass boats

As we said at the beginning of this article, soon the composition of the deep-sea special forces will be replenished with a new ship, which the builders dubbed Losharik for its design features. It seems that in terms of technical characteristics it is significantly superior to its predecessors. At the same time, as we have learned, for several years now Russia has been working on the creation of a fundamentally new type of submarines that can make a real revolution in shipbuilding.

In 1995, a professor at the Far Eastern State Technical University V. Pikul invented and patented a method for manufacturing shells of a durable underwater vehicle hull from brittle non-metallic materials. The invention uses the effect of acquiring plastic properties by them under conditions of deep compression. The professor suggests using glass as such a material. When using titanium skins, a fragile glass layer can be compressed to a stress of 10,000 atmospheres, which, according to the author's idea, will give the case sufficient impact resistance. According to calculations, a submarine with such a margin of safety will be able to operate at depths of up to 6000 meters. Back in 1997, the Navy expressed serious interest in these developments. However, the fleet does not have enough funds to finance them.

Brief tactical and technical characteristics of the submarine

displacement: normal - 1390 tons, full - 2000 tons
speed: underwater
position - 30 knots,
surfaced - 10 knots
maximum depth
dives: over 1000 m
dimensions: 69x7x5.2 m
crew: 36 people
TTX submarine project 1831
displacement: normal - 550 tons,
full - 1000 tons
working immersion depth:
1000 m
dimensions: 40x5.3x5 m project 1910

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IN PROJECT 1910, SPECIAL NPS CASHALOTE CLASS.

Nuclear submarines of Project 1910 (NATO: Uniform) began to be designed in 1972, in the design bureau Malachite. The creation of the first class submarine began in 1977. Probably, the impetus for the creation of the submarine was the appearance in the United States of a special engineering submarine of the NR-1 type. Three Project 1910 submarines were built for the Soviet and later Russian VIF: AS-13 (commissioned on 12/31/1986), AS-15 (commissioned on 12/30/1991) and AS-33 (12/16/1994). As-13 was originally made without cutting (as a midget for the Project 675N submarine), but its operation was accompanied by a number of technical problems, as a result of which cuttings were installed on AS-15 and AS-33 from the very beginning.

AS-33 in Deer Bay.

All submarines became part of the Northern Fleet, and the AS-15 was the last boat to enter service with the USSR. The submarines were intended to service new types of nuclear deep-sea stations, as a result of which information about them is still shrouded in a dark veil of secrecy.

Note: The current status of AS-13 is unknown. There is information that the AS-15 has also been withdrawn from the active fleet.

Even though the boats look big, they are actually very small. The diameter of the internal compartments of the Sperm Whale does not exceed 6 meters. The robust housing is divided into two independent tandem housings. Moreover, it is impossible to get into the reactor compartment from the working compartment. In front of the submarine there is a compartment equipped with a robotic arm. The hull of the submarine is made of titanium alloys, as a result of which the Sperm Whale can dive to a depth of 1,000 meters (minimum). Probably, the submarine has an improved propulsion system, which has several side systems that change the submarine's motion vector. With the help of these small maneuvering engines (there are at least 6 of them), the Sperm Whale can "hover" above the basalt ocean floor.

Right front thruster without cover. The photo was taken in Severodvinsk.

On board the nuclear submarine, the following equipment is presumably installed:
- echo sounder,
- television surveillance system,
- GAS side view,
- magnetometer
- satellite navigation system,
- high-frequency profiler,
- photographic equipment for shooting deep-sea objects,
- robotic manipulator with remote control,
- water sampling system,
- a pressure chamber for divers and a divers exit system to the ground.

The operational base of the Kashalotov is the GUGI complex in Olenya Guba (Murmansk region). As a rule, Sperm Whales always appear where Project 1851 Losharik or Project 1083 Halibut-type devices operate.

It is known that AS-15 was involved in the search and rescue of the Kursk submarine. Several times the submarine was spotted in the regions of the fall of NATO aircraft.

PROJECT 1910 "CASHALOT"
Displacement: 1,390 tons (surface) / 2,000 tons (submerged)
Length: 69 meters
Width: 6 meters
Draft: 5.2 meters
Speed: 30 knots (submerged) / 10 knots (surface)
Diving depth: 1000 meters+
Crew: 36 GUGI officers
Armament: Unknown. There is a possibility that the AS-13 submarine was used to test the Crab system (a container for launching missiles from ocean soil).
Propulsion system: pressurized water nuclear reactor with a capacity of 10,000 hp

To organize work on the creation and maintenance of deep-sea facilities in 1965, a special unit was created in the USSR Ministry of Defense - the Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research.

And for the operation of deep-sea vehicles - in the image and likeness of the cosmonaut detachment - by order of the USSR Minister of Defense in 1976, a detachment of hydronauts was created and a Specialist Training Center was formed in Leningrad.

In June 1979, for the basic maintenance and operation of deep-sea vehicles and their carriers in Olenya Bay, the formation of the 29th separate submarine brigade of the Red Banner Northern Fleet began. To carry out sea trips, the crews of hydronauts of the stations went to the Northern Fleet, received equipment from technical crews, performed a trip to the sea and handed over the equipment back. The first deep-sea vehicles of the Russian Fleet were the towed submersibles Arkhipelago and Seliger, on which invaluable experience was gained in working with objects on the seabed.

First nuclear deep-sea station

In fact, even before the start of operation of devices such as " Seliger It became clear that they had shortcomings. Firstly, this is the limitation of the area of operations by communication with the carrier boat. Secondly, limited autonomy in terms of energy and resources of the crew's life support system. And, thirdly, extremely meager maneuverability. Then the idea arose to create an autonomous modification of the Seliger-type bathyscaphes by installing a nuclear reactor on the apparatus, increasing the size, life support system resource, speed and maneuverability. Of course, a new type of apparatus should have received significant autonomy and significantly increased capabilities in terms of the types of work that it could carry out at the bottom of the oceans.

So in the 1970s, the design of a new deep-sea complex of project 1851 was started, which included a nuclear deep-sea station (AGS) of project 18510 Nelma and a nuclear submarine carrier of project 675N.

In parallel, preparations were underway for a new carrier boat - the modernization of a nuclear submarine (PLA) of project 675 according to project 675N (" Carrier»).

September 25, 1981 on Leningrad Admiralty Association (now JSC "Admiralty Shipyards") was laid head autonomous deep-water station AS-23 project 18510 " Nelma". Two years later, on September 29, 1983, the top-secret mini-submarine was launched, its fine-tuning and testing began. Apparently, back in Leningrad in 1984, a new deep-sea vehicle was first discovered by Western reconnaissance means, and in the West the new device was given the name X-RAY. In 1986, the Project 1851 complex entered the final stage of testing: for the first time, an underwater docking of an AGS with a carrier submarine was performed. The complex with AGS AS-23 was officially accepted into the USSR Navy on December 30, 1986.

One of the questions that immediately arises is: how was a nuclear power plant placed in such a small underwater vehicle? The preliminary design of the AGS project 18510 assumed the use of a light power plant, similar to those used on spacecraft. The reactor was planned to be installed in a capsule without special heavy biological protection. The role of such protection was to be performed by outboard water, i.e. The reactor compartment was made in the form of a separate pressure vessel block, which is separated from the habitable pressure vessel by the space around it inside the AGS outer lightweight vessel.

A feature and the main drawback of the first nuclear power plant was the continuity of the design from the bathyscaphes of the Seliger type. In fact, a new type of submarine was a device similar to tethered bathyscaphes, but without a connecting cable and noticeably larger, with its own small-sized nuclear power plant, as well as with more advanced main and auxiliary propulsion - propellers. The entrance hatch to the AGS was located in the same place as on the first Archipelago apparatus - on the upper part of the hull, without cutting and any kind of fence. The transfer of the crew to the AGS was to be carried out from a special transitional compartment of the carrier boat, and the exit in case of an emergency could occur after the vehicle surfaced in the same way as on the Archipelago. During operation, the design of the AGS AS-23 was improved: the station received a fence that provides a safer exit to the deck of the AGS in the event of an ascent to the surface. This is how the final look of the project 18510 "Nelma" AGS, which we know today, was formed.

Development of AGS. Halibut and Sperm Whales

Already in the process of creating an experimental AGS of project 18510, it became clear that the chosen technical solutions turned out to be correct, and on December 26, 1984, an AGS AS-21 was laid at the Leningrad Admiralty Association, which became the head station of the already serial project 18511 " Halibut". The new AGS has large dimensions, improved capabilities and a new project 09774 carrier boat based on the project 667A nuclear missile submarine. The re-equipment of the carrier boat was carried out on Shipyard "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk since 1983.

According to the Halibut project, it was planned to build at least two nuclear power plants: the head AS-21 and the first production AS-35. By the end of 1995, these plans were fulfilled. In April 1991, the AS-21 AGS of project 18511 was first identified by Western intelligence means, and the project received the name Paltus - apparently, the real name of the project was already known to Western intelligence through other channels.

Simultaneously with the creation of wearable AGS, work began on larger and more autonomous AGS of the 1st rank of the 1910 project. Sperm whale”, which, in fact, are full-fledged nuclear submarines with long autonomy. These are boats that can operate at a fairly large distance from their home bases.

The design of this new AGS according to the same Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1972 led TsKB "Volna" Ministry of Industry of the USSR. The chief designer of the project was E.S. Korsukov, and his deputy - the chief designer of "Nelma" S.M. Bavilin. Later, by order of the Minister of the shipbuilding industry, a special design group was created under the leadership of Yu.M. Konovalov. In 1979, the 1st and 2nd crews of the lead AGS of the 1st rank AS-13 of the 1910 project were recruited for training in the detachment of hydronauts.

The construction of the AGS of the 1st rank of the 1910 "Kashalot" project was immediately planned to be carried out in a small series, which included the head and two serial AGS. The construction of the series was carried out by the Leningrad Admiralty Association (JSC Admiralty Shipyards) since 1977. The head station of the AS-13 series was launched on November 25, 1982 and, after factory and state tests (started in 1983), was accepted into trial operation by the Navy on December 31, 1986. The construction of a series of three stations was completed on December 16, 1994 with the transfer of the third AGS to the fleet. The western name of the AGS project 1910 is Uniform.

It is believed that the immersion depth of the AGS of the first generations was at least 1000 m. This is several times greater than the immersion depth of conventional submarines, but, for example, the titanium Komsomolets, created around the same time and probably had much in common in of its design with AGS, could dive to the same depth.

There is practically no open information on the operation of complexes with deep-sea stations in the open press, and one can only assume the scope of the new type of equipment. ACS can be delivered to the area of work by nuclear-powered carrier boats and then independently conduct search and reconnaissance of objects on the seabed. Of course, such vehicles must be equipped with means for taking soil samples, as well as for lifting objects on board. Like some civilian vehicles of this purpose, the AGS must be equipped with means of monitoring the external situation, manipulatory and remotely controlled equipment for working with objects.
It seems that the main purpose of such stations is to work with their own and other people's items that have fallen to the bottom, information about which may be of value to intelligence.

Of course, such devices can conduct reconnaissance of cable (and not only) communications on the seabed, as well as disrupt their work. Of course, ACS can also be involved in rescue operations. It is known that from August 13 to August 19, 2000, the AGS AS-15 project 1910 took part in the operation to examine the submarine lying on the ground. Kursk". Probably, it was the data from the AGS that were the first reliable information about the state of the Kursk.

"Losharik"

The development of materials science and the accumulated experience in the creation and operation of nuclear deep-sea stations should have organically led to the next rather revolutionary stage in their development - to the creation of even deeper and more versatile vehicles that would combine the autonomy capabilities of the Project 1910 AGS and the immersion depth of the best scientific bathyscaphes that time.

In the late 1980s, a group led by S.M. Bavilina in SPMBM "Malachite" prepared a draft design of the project 10830 complex, which included the project 10831 AGS with a polyspherical strong body. On the basis of the already mentioned Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, an experimental design development was organized to develop the technology for manufacturing a polyspherical strong hull and lightweight aggregate monoblocks, as well as to create equipment for such a station. The complex was supposed to include a PLA-carrier of project 09786 BS-136 " Orenburg».

By 1990, the technical and working designs of the station were developed and approved. Moreover, the development of projects went simultaneously with the layout of the placement of equipment in the spherical compartments of the boat. In 1991, with almost finished blocks of the AGS pressure hull, according to the customer's technical assignment, an adjustment was made to the technical project 10830 in terms of placing additional equipment in the forward part of the AGS. The corrected technical design of the project 10830/1083K complex was presented and defended in May 1992.

A feature of the new deep-sea station was a strong body made of several intersecting titanium spheres. It was for this design that the underwater vehicle was unofficially called “Losharik” during construction, and this name stuck with it so firmly that it is now used everywhere. The space between the spheres and the light outer hull was filled with a new porous material, which, similarly to bathyscaphes of the " Consul"and other samples of deep-sea technology, provided the submarine with the necessary combination of structural strength and created positive buoyancy. In one of the spheres there is a unique nuclear power plant.

The AGS of this project can operate both autonomously - like the large AGS of Project 1910, and with a PLA carrier. The immersion depth of the new AGS exceeds the depth of the work of the AGS project 18511 and project 1910 and can be more than 2000 m. Some sources even call 6000 m.

The creation of a reserve for the construction of a new AGS of this project and the preparation for production were started at the Sevmash Production Association in Severodvinsk back in 1988. This was caused, among other things, by the need to master the technology for manufacturing large-diameter titanium spheres: there was no previous experience in carrying out work of this kind in the USSR. The lead AGS of the AS-12 project with serial number 01210 was laid down in the "secret" workshop No. 42 PO "Sevmash" July 16, 1990 In the mid-1990s, due to lack of funding, the construction of the station, in fact, was frozen and resumed only in 2000. The station was launched on August 5, 2003 in the presence of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy V. Kuroyedov.

In the period from 2004 to 2007, Captain 1st Rank A.I. Oparin led factory, state and deep-sea tests of a special experimental submarine in the White, Barents, Norwegian and Greenland seas. In 2006, the project 10831 AGS was transferred to the Navy for trial operation, and in 2008 it was adopted by the Russian Navy. In May 2010, some media reported on the awarding of the State Prize to the specialists of JSC "Ship Repair Center" Star", JSC TsKB MT " Ruby", JSC SPMBM" Malachite"and FSUE TsNII KM" Prometheus” for “experimental deep-water order 1083K”.

At the turn of two millennia, the design of a new project 09787 carrier boat based on the project 677 BDRM nuclear missile submarine was started. The new carrier was intended in addition to the carrier boat BS-136 "Orenburg". Probably, in the same years, the development of a program for the modernization of both the nuclear power plants themselves and the carrier boats began. In 2004, a contract was signed for the design of a complex of equipment for the project 09787 BS-64 "Podmoskovye" carrier boat. In 2008, work began on the modernization of the boat at the Zvyozdochka Shipyard. It is believed that the Losharik was supposed to become the main load of the new carrier.

At the same time, work began on restoring the technical readiness and modernization of projects 10511 and 1910 no longer used by the AGS fleet. Probably, during the modernization, mechanical parts were replaced, the energy and control systems of the AGS were updated. It is also likely that the arsenal of technical means for carrying out special missions will be expanded.

But that's not all. In 2009, a contract was signed between the Ministry of Defense of Russia and the Rubin Central Design Bureau of MT for the development of a project for the conversion of an unfinished Project 949A cruise missile launcher into a special nuclear research boat. Belgorod". There are few details on the project available to the general public, but it is known that the new special boat will be a universal carrier of various underwater vehicles and will actually become a real floating base for a whole flotilla of manned and unmanned underwater vehicles. December 20, 2012 in Severodvinsk at the production association "Sevmash" a ceremony was held to relaunch a special boat of project 09852 KS-139 "Belgorod". The commissioning of the new boat is expected by 2020.

As a result of many years of efforts by developers, industry and the Ministry of Defense, a new branch of the armed forces has been created and equipped - the forces of deep-sea special operations, which include several large nuclear submarine carriers, several carrier ships of small-sized bathyscaphes and uninhabited vehicles, a flotilla of nuclear deep-sea stations and a significant set of various auxiliary underwater facilities. And this is, of course, the Russian world priority at the moment.