Do-it-yourself air heater for a greenhouse. Characteristics of water heating. How to heat a greenhouse in spring - stove heating method

Greenhouse is a great option for growing various vegetables, as it creates unique climatic conditions that contribute to the growth rate. In addition, the greenhouse allows you to get an early harvest, when it is still not warm enough outside for the full-fledged cultivation of vegetables. However, in order to create optimal conditions in the spring, the greenhouse needs heating, which will ensure the temperature is not lower than 18 degrees Celsius.

insulated greenhouse

• Solar heating and batteries;
• Air heating;
• Heating with gas;
• Heating with a solid fuel boiler;
• Stove heating;
• Water heating;

So, now a little more about the organization of each type of heating.

solar heating

solar heating

Main components:

• Photoelectric generator;
• Control block;
• Conversion block;
• Accumulator battery;
• The heat-releasing element is the consumer.

The principle of operation is as follows.Solar radiation affects the photovoltaic generator, which, when hit sun rays starts emitting electricity, coming through the control unit to the battery, where it is accumulated and transmitted through the conversion unit to the heating element in the greenhouse.

The best option for the design of a greenhouse for organizing this type of heating is an arched transparent.

It is important to ensure the tightness of the greenhouse structure in order to eliminate drafts.

The photovoltaic generator is placed in a place that is lit from early morning, it immediately starts working to heat the greenhouse. The heating element is placed under a layer of soil. The battery is designed to store energy in order to heat the greenhouse at night. This heating option will allow you to maintain the required temperature in the greenhouse, even if it drops to 5 degrees outside at night..

The main disadvantage of such a system is the high cost of components.

Air heating of greenhouses

To implement it, you need an ordinary steel pipe with an internal diameter of about 60 millimeters and 3 meters long. One of the ends of the pipe through a hole in the wall is placed in the space of the greenhouse, and the other end is brought out into the street. Under it, a small fire is bred, the warm air from which heats the pipe and the air in it.

This method is simple, but completely inconvenient for implementation, since it is not possible to constantly maintain a fire.

Gas heating

Gas heating of the greenhouse

This method of heating consists in the installation of a gas-fired heating device. It is also necessary to purchase 2 gas cylinders. When the gas is burned, the air in the greenhouse will heat up and provide optimal conditions for the growth of vegetables.

The main problem of this method of heating is the accumulation of excess carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, which negatively affects the growth of vegetables.. Therefore, when implementing this heating system ventilation is required, providing additional air flow to maintain combustion.

Installation of a solid fuel heating boiler

Alternatively, you can install a solid fuel boiler in the greenhouse or next to it.

solid fuel boiler for greenhouse

In this case, the following components will be needed to install the heating system:

• Boiler;
• Pipe system;
• Several radiators.

The advantage of this option is that it does not require a constant load of firewood. Modern solid fuel boilers allow you to maintain combustion from just 2 fuel loads per day. The disadvantage is the need for additional installation of pipelines and heating radiators.

Furnace heating of the greenhouse

Stove heating is implemented if the greenhouse area is more than 15 square meters.

There are two layout options.

Option 1

This is a simple option, you will need:

• An ordinary small heating stove of the "potbelly stove" type;
• Chimney pipe;
• Chimney;
• Chalk or lime.

The stove is installed on one side of the greenhouse, and the chimney passes through the greenhouse and ends with a chimney that leads the combustion products outside the greenhouse. As a result, the chimney pipe heats up and gives off heat to the air in the greenhouse.

In this case, it is important to monitor the tightness of the chimney pipe, since the ingress of smoke into the greenhouse room is unacceptable. To detect a smoke leak as soon as possible, it is necessary to paint the pipe with chalk or lime - on a white surface, places that let smoke through will be clearly visible.

To ensure good draft, it is necessary to install a chimney pipe with an overestimation to the chimney- about 1.5-2 centimeters per linear meter of pipe.

In order to fire safety it is necessary to ensure the distance from the chimney to the racks with vegetables at least 15 cm distance. It is also necessary to place the stove, chimney and chimney at a distance of at least 25-30 centimeters from the walls of the greenhouse.

Option 2

The second option for stove heating is to lay a piping system.

For its installation you will need:

• Large barrel;
• Stove;
• Expansion tank;
• Drain valve;
• Pipes of rectangular (40x20 mm) or round section (up to 30 mm);
• Chimney pipe;
• Circulation pump.

A large barrel plays the role of a housing for the heating system. It fits the stove, expansion tank. The chimney from the stove goes outside the greenhouse in the form of a vertical 5 meter pipe.

ventilation installation required

The expansion tank is welded to the walls of a large barrel-case above the stove, so that the heat from burning firewood goes to heat the water. Pipes are welded to the expansion tank, which are laid along the perimeter of the greenhouse at a distance of 1-1.5 meters. Since the arrangement of the pipes is horizontal, it is not possible to realize the natural circulation of the coolant, therefore a small circulation pump is connected to the pipeline system.

With water heating, an almost constant air temperature in the greenhouse is obtained.

For implementation this method you will need the following components:

• Old big fire extinguisher;
• Heating element;
• Temperature sensor;
• Pipe system.

3 holes are cut out in the fire extinguisher body: for a hot pipe, for a return pipe and for installing a heating element. A pipe is drawn from the upper hole, which is laid in the upper part of the greenhouse, and a pipe runs from the lower hole along the bottom of the greenhouse. It is important to weld the heater and pipes tightly to eliminate water leaks.

The heating element is connected to the mains, the water is heated, and its natural circulation through the pipes is ensured. An important element of the heating system is a temperature sensor, which is installed in the greenhouse and measures the air temperature. When a certain value is reached, it turns off the heating element. When the temperature drops, the heating element starts working again. The result is an almost constant air temperature in the greenhouse.

Outcome

As you can see, there are a lot of options for heating a greenhouse. However, you should not get lost in this variety - you need to determine the optimal and most profitable for yourself, and then proceed with the installation work.

Video on how to make energy-saving greenhouse heating with your own hands

In this video you will learn how to make greenhouse heating in winter by installing infrared panels

The greenhouse allows you to get a crop when other gardeners are still watering or planting their plants. The greenhouse allows you to grow early products thanks to the heating of the greenhouse with your own hands, since the heat of the sun allows the crop to grow only in summer time. Thanks to this design, fresh products can be grown even in winter time. The minimum allowable temperature in the greenhouse should be +18 degrees. However, in order to obtain such conditions, impenetrable walls alone will not be sufficient.

The most economical will be the installation of a greenhouse in the place where the thermal route passes. In such a situation, it is only necessary to find the most suitable place and you can proceed with the construction of the greenhouse. In other situations, the construction of a greenhouse will be a more complicated process, but it can also be done by hand - just like heating a greenhouse with your own hands.

Heating with solar panels

It is possible to heat a greenhouse structure and make home-made heating in a greenhouse using sunlight. The first stage in the construction of the greenhouse will be a hole in the hole about 15 cm deep. Next, the ground must be covered with a layer of polystyrene or other heat insulator. From above, this is all covered with a layer of polyethylene film to provide waterproofing. Wet sand is placed on the film and covered with earth. This type of device, although quite simple, can nevertheless maintain the optimum temperature in the greenhouse.

You can do in the greenhouse and simple air heating of greenhouses with your own hands. The simplest method for heating a greenhouse is air heating - good decision the question of how to make heating in a greenhouse, which is described below:

1. You need to take a piece of steel pipe with a length of 2 to 2.5 m and a diameter of 50 to 60 cm.
2. Under one end of the pipe, you need to kindle a fire, and insert the other end into a greenhouse covered with a film.
3. The fire must be maintained at all times. The air in the tube will heat up fairly quickly, and the plants will get the warmth they need.

This method of heating, at the same time, is one of the easiest, but also the most inconvenient, since the fire must be maintained all the time.

Heating the greenhouse with gas

The main advantage of gas is that, in terms of supply, it is much more stable and accessible than a campfire. In order to winter period to heat the greenhouse, you do not need to conduct gas from the house to the greenhouse, as this is not entirely advisable. Also, such a scheme for heating a greenhouse will require some costs. It is best to purchase several cylinders of gas, which should be enough. However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that too much carbon dioxide can cause plants not to grow as they should.

Also, poor ventilation of the greenhouse can also affect the negative growth of plants. It will also be necessary to install a means for extracting combustion waste into the greenhouse.

The heaters that will be used for your greenhouse must be equipped with special sensors.

They are necessary so that in the event of a cessation of combustion and the release of gas into the air, such devices immediately work and shut off the gas supply to the burner.

Heating a greenhouse with a solid fuel boiler

Such projects of greenhouses with heating can be located both in the greenhouse itself and outside it in any other room. The second option has some advantages, since in order to add fuel or wood to the fire, it will not be necessary to go to the greenhouse. The disadvantage of this option is that if the boiler were located directly in the greenhouse, it would also emit some heat.

In the heat generator, you need to add fuel only twice a day. In addition, from the point of view of fire safety, such a do-it-yourself winter greenhouse does not pose a threat. Thanks to this parameter, it can be safely left unattended all night. Another advantage of the boiler is that it requires a minimum consumption of fuel material.

Furnace heating of the greenhouse

Do-it-yourself furnace heating of a greenhouse, compared to electric, does not burden financial costs so much. A simple stove for a greenhouse can be easily built with your own hands, without actually spending any money.

The principle of the furnace for the greenhouse:

1. In the greenhouse vestibule, a furnace firebox made of bricks is laid out.
2. A chimney is laid out along the entire length of the greenhouse.
3. The chimney is removed from the greenhouse on the other side so that the carbon monoxide is weathered and the heat remains inside. The distance between the firebox of the greenhouse and its end side should be no less than 25 cm. The distance from the bed with plants to the top of the hog should be no less than 15 cm.

Before you build a greenhouse with heating with your own hands, you can explore another way:

1. We find a large barrel, with a volume of at least 3 cubes. Inside the barrel we paint in 2 layers to prevent the rust process.
2. Holes are made in the inside of the barrel, one of which is for the chimney, and the others for the expansion tank and for the tap.
3. We cook the stove and insert it into the barrel.
4. The chimney is removed from the barrel, and a pipe about 5 meters long is installed from the outside.
5. An expansion tank with a volume of 20 liters is mounted on the barrel, which must first be welded from ordinary sheet iron.
6. From a profile pipe, which has dimensions of 40x20x1.5 cm, the heating itself is brewed. The pipes must be laid out on the ground so that they are located at a distance of 1.2 meters. Such an arrangement of pipes will allow the soil to warm up in those places where the roots of the plants are located.
7. In order to ensure the circulation of water, for such home-made systems, it is necessary to purchase a special pump.

Hot water heating of the greenhouse

If we take the calculation of the heating of the greenhouse, then in comparison with other types, the arrangement of water heating of the greenhouse will be the most beneficial. Do-it-yourself water heating of a greenhouse - an electric water heater can be done simply:

1. It is necessary to take the body of the old fire extinguisher, and cut off the top of it.
2. A heating element with a working power of 1 kW is installed at the bottom of the fire extinguisher. Such a heating element can also be taken from an old samovar.
3. On top of the device, we make a removable type cover so that water can be poured into the heater.
4. We attach two tubes connected to the radiator to the body of the device. We fix the tubes with nuts and gaskets. In order for such a heater to work in automatic mode, you can use a circuit with an alternating current and voltage relay of 220V.

Register of pipes, where there is water and electric heater inside

When arranging a heating system for a greenhouse or greenhouse, the most important thing is to follow all the necessary instructions, as well as safety regulations. A video on how to equip a greenhouse with your own hands can be viewed below.

A heated greenhouse will really increase the yield. And its construction is simple and inexpensive. Therefore, its construction will not require special skill, but only the desire to enjoy the harvest, fresh salads and berries. Moreover, its year-round model will be ideal. However, a heated greenhouse is also a winning move.

It is only important to correctly determine their location. It is it that will reward the owners with an early harvest and save on heating. Therefore, it is advisable to do it where it is as windless and sunny as possible. Often prudent gardeners prefer to attach a greenhouse to the always warm wall of a heated house. At the same time, heating costs are also reduced. Although this wall must be insulated from greenhouse moisture.

The biological method heats the greenhouse in winter by exothermic reaction of biofuel and air. For example, horse manure retains +60ºС during decay and retains it for up to six months. Also use sawdust, straw and their mixture with compost household waste. This cheap way to heat a greenhouse is also the most useful for plants.

Technical heating is more diverse:

• stove;
• hot water;
• electricity;

They prefer to heat the greenhouse with electricity Heaters or cable circuits along the foundation - a variant of a warm floor. Although excessive humidity is dangerous here and the cost of electricity is high.

Furnace heating can be arranged independently. For example, lay out a brick firebox in the vestibule, and draw a chimney along the greenhouse. Then the heated greenhouse with their own hands will always be warmed up by carbon monoxide tending to the chimney. At the same time, a safe distance from the chimney to plants and walls is observed - at least half a meter.

Here, the water-heating boiler and pipes connected to it circulate heated water from above and along the walls, then back to the heater (gas, electric or stove). And the expansion tank at the highest point guarantees the right pressure.

After all, greenhouses with gas heating are heated by its combustion in the boiler. Pros: uniform heating of the air, its enrichment with carbon dioxide, which multiplies the yield.

A greenhouse heated by a domestic boiler is economical if it is attached to the wall of the house or near it. By the way, insulation of external pipes will reduce heat loss. It is clear that the power of the boiler should be enough for this warm greenhouse.

Construction materials

1. For the construction of a greenhouse structure, you will need a large aggregate (crushed stone) and a fine aggregate (sand). Cement will also provide strength to the foundation.Optimally, this is a strip foundation with a depth of more than half a meter: after all, the structure itself is light. You also need to make a heat-insulating "pillow" of expanded clay and sand.
2. Ceramic (red) brick is needed for the basement above the foundation. It is usually laid out in 3 rows. By the way, moisture-resistant brick is less susceptible to deformation from steam and temperature.
3. Film structures poorly retain heat and break through the wind, snow, icing. Then the crop will die. Therefore, they prefer to cover the winter greenhouse with more reliable material. For example, a double coating with an elastic special film with a guarantee of more than 8 years.
4. Glass is the traditional coating. And double glazing is a must. After all, a layer of air between 2 glasses will save precious heat, money for heating. When thinking about how to build a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to design ventilation transoms.
5. Cellular cellular polycarbonate - the newest covering for greenhouses. Such a year-round greenhouse is the most reliable. Factory samples are equipped with an advanced powerful design and are easy to assemble by hand.

This material retains heat better, so the problem of how to heat the greenhouse is simplified. After all, heating such a polycarbonate structure is less expensive: this polycarbonate will retain heat even at -40ºС. For greater protection of plants and saving money when insulating, an additional inner insulating layer can be made from a film.

Heating a greenhouse in winter with a diesel gun (video)

Heated construction device

Let the frame for the winter greenhouse also be durable: made of metal or wood.

Glasses, cellular polycarbonate or film are attached to it. Pipes, boiler heat winter greenhouses.

Already during the design, they are guided by energy saving and expediency.

Therefore, projects with a shed roof to the south are popular. Then the sun's rays fall on it almost at a right angle and heat the greenhouse as much as possible. Let the northern vertical wall be opaque, and insulated from the inside with an insulator covered with foil, which ideally reflects heat and light to the beds.

The frame, its racks are best made from thin pipes: they are light, but reliable. Although high-strength plastic is just as good. The correct shape of the frame will increase energy savings and yield. Therefore, when building a greenhouse with their own hands, they make a roof slope of more than 30 degrees. Then the snow will not linger, as, indeed, on the popular arched greenhouses. After all, a snow load can destroy a winter greenhouse. Now the frames erected from a profile pipe by welding are most in demand. The arch is formed by bending pipes with a section of 20x40 mm. But the year-round arched greenhouse will become stronger with corner posts made of 40x40 pipes.

Illumination affects the yield. A winter day is 3-6 hours, and this is not enough for plants. Therefore, growers recommend taking care of artificial lighting that is comfortable for grown crops and beneficial for gardeners. The range of fixtures is great: from conventional light bulbs to LEDs. Their rational arrangement will especially increase the yield of light-loving plants that will be near light sources.

So, many are interested in how to build a greenhouse with heating. It will increase the yield. After all, the goal is to build a winter greenhouse at a minimum cost, and the season for collecting vitamins will become endless.

What is the best way to heat a greenhouse in spring? Which method is the most efficient and economical? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each heating method? Perhaps these are the most burning questions of greenhouse owners or those who plan to build such a greenhouse on their site. We will try to provide detailed and accurate information on these issues. Naturally, there can be no unambiguous answers, because a lot depends on the tasks of the greenhouse built, its size, materials and the capabilities of the owner himself. The main thing is to have a maximum of verified information and choose the best option for yourself. Well, the presented photo and video materials will help determine the choice of the right solution.

Ways to heat a greenhouse in spring

The greenhouse can be used year-round or seasonally, for example, in the spring. There are a lot of ways to heat a greenhouse in the spring with your own hands. They can be simple or complex, cheap or capital-intensive, effective or small. Below are all the most popular methods of heating a greenhouse, with their advantages and disadvantages.

How to heat a greenhouse in spring - a solar heating method

• A simple but inefficient method for heating in early spring, which does not require additional costs. This method of heating can be counted on during the period of active solar heat: late spring, summer and early autumn. In winter, this method is unacceptable, since the sun is not able to warm the walls of the greenhouse properly.
• The greenhouse, built from sections of polycarbonate or glass, perfectly transmits the sun's rays, thereby heating the soil and air.
• The heat accumulated as a result of the greenhouse effect gradually accumulates in the room, significantly increasing the temperature regime.
• Based on this method, it is possible to build indoors, the so-called. "solar oven" The essence of its action is that the sun during the day heats the stones, which perfectly retain this heat and give it to the greenhouse at night. So, it is possible to maintain the temperature throughout the day.
• You can regulate (reduce) the temperature indicator (especially in summer) in the greenhouse by ventilating it.
• To maximize the use of solar energy when heating the greenhouse, its optimally convenient location is important - on the south side of the site. This factor should be taken into account when planning the construction of a greenhouse.
• To reduce the heat loss of the greenhouse, it is necessary to pay attention to the shape of the structure. The best options are spherical, arched, with rounded arches of the building.
• To enhance the heating effect, you can also insulate the northern wall of the greenhouse, through which solar energy does not enter. In order to keep the heat in the greenhouse as much as possible, its north side is made opaque: covered with foil or painted over with white paint. It is one of the most accessible and simple ways how to heat a polycarbonate greenhouse in spring.

How to heat a greenhouse in spring - a biological heating method

• This method of heating is low-cost, labor-intensive, and is used all year round, including in spring.
• The essence of the method is the preparation of "biofuel" that releases a certain amount of heat.
• Manure is the most commonly used biofuel. As it decomposes, it releases heat, thereby warming the soil. Adding crushed straw to the manure will ensure better decomposition, which means more heat is released. In the spring, in preparation for such heating, the manure is preheated. This is necessary to "start" the decomposition process. To heat it, the manure is placed in a loose pile, several holes are made into which hot water is poured. The stack is covered with burlap for 3-4 days, after which it is ready for use as a "biofuel".
• Horse manure, when decomposed, gives one of the highest temperatures. Compost with the addition of horse manure is also used. When using pig or cow manure, be sure to add straw to it.

• Bark, straw, sawdust, vegetable humus or ordinary household waste. But, the temperature of the soil and the duration of heating in such cases will be significantly lower than that of manure.
• For biological heating of the greenhouse, the following technology must be observed: remove the entire layer of earth from the greenhouse racks; spread manure (or other “biofuel”) on the bottom in an even layer, filling it with about 1/3 of the racks (in height); top of the manure is covered with soil.

• The duration of maintaining the required soil temperature with this method of heating is different and ranges from 2 weeks (using sawdust) to 4 months (using horse manure).
• Artificially prepared "biofuel" is also used. Lay in layers: chopped straw, lime-ammonium nitrate, superphosphate. A ratio of 10:0.2:0.3 kg is maintained. Next, the layers are compacted and watered. hot water. Fertile land is poured from above (about the same layer in height).
• Biological heating has a number of advantages: it fills the soil with valuable nutrients, vitamins and microelements contained in organic fertilizers. Due to evaporation during decay of manure, the soil is naturally moistened. In addition, this type of heating does not dry out the air, unlike technical methods.
• This method of heating the greenhouse is great for springtime, when there are no more severe frosts and you just need to maintain a certain temperature. When the “biofuel” ceases its activity, it becomes already warm outside and the greenhouse is either opened or the seedlings are planted in open ground.

How to heat a greenhouse in early spring

How can you heat a greenhouse when there is still not enough solar heat, frequent frosts and plants need a stable positive temperature. There are a number of technical devices for heating a greenhouse in the cold season using a number of heating devices.

The most complex and costly heating systems are rational to use in winter, but if they are already installed in the greenhouse, they are also used in the spring.

If the greenhouse is used only in spring or autumn, you should not install grandiose, expensive and complex heating devices for this. It suffices to apply simple and available funds space heating to create a warm microclimate.

How to heat a greenhouse in spring - stove heating method

• Furnaces are the most ancient and proven method of heating.

• This method of heating is more suitable for the coldest time of the year - winter, or early spring. During the onset of sustainable warm days, you can also heat the greenhouse, from time to time, maintaining the required temperature.
• Not everyone can make a greenhouse heated by stove heating with their own hands. Here, technical knowledge and certain skills are needed in order for the furnace to be as functional as possible, with good traction and a high heat transfer coefficient.
• As a rule, for convenience, stoves are installed at the end of the greenhouse and a horizontal chimney is laid around the perimeter of the room. This allows you to evenly distribute heat over the entire area.
• Stove heating of the greenhouse does not heat the soil. In this regard, the racks with soil must be thermally insulated from the main soil on which the greenhouse is built. As an alternative, you can use biological soil heating (manure) or technical (electric, water soil heating).
• For heating with a stove, coal, firewood, coke, and household waste are used as fuel.
• Furnace heating can be improved and converted to water heating greenhouses. To do this, a water-heating boiler is installed on the furnace, the pipes of which are looped with a water tank, and the wiring is placed around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse. Circulating through the pipes, hot water heats the entire room.
• Another option is a solid fuel boiler that runs on wood, wood waste, seed husks or oil waste. This is a very cost-effective way to heat a greenhouse.

How to heat a greenhouse in early spring - a water heating method

• In addition to hot water heating of the greenhouse using a stove, it is possible to circulate hot water around the perimeter of the entire room using an electric or gas boiler.
• Pipes can lie not only along the walls of the greenhouse, but also from below (under the floor), also providing heating of the soil in the greenhouse.

• For the installation of a water heating system, metal or plastic pipes. Currently, plastic is most often used as the most affordable material. In addition, such pipes are light, do not rust and are easy to install.
• Installing a special temperature controller to radiators and pipelines allows you to automatically maintain the temperature in the room.

• The disadvantages of this heating system include the complexity of the installation work, rather high economic costs and constant monitoring of the system.
• A positive aspect of the water heating of the greenhouse will be a consistently positive temperature of both air and soil in the room.
• It is also practiced to connect the greenhouse to an existing heating system (for example, at home). If the boiler in the house is powerful enough and the greenhouse is located more than 10 m from the dwelling, you can safely connect. This method is very complicated and expensive. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the pipes leading from the house to the greenhouse must be insulated.

How to heat a greenhouse in early spring - air heating method

• Air heating of a greenhouse, where warm air is used as a coolant, can also be done by hand.
• Such a heating system is even easier to make than water heating.
• The air, heated in the boiler, is distributed through the air duct system (as a rule, a perforated polyethylene sleeve is used).

• Such sleeves, laid around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse, quickly and evenly warm up the room and the ground. The main advantage this method is a quick heating of any area of ​​​​the room.
• The disadvantage of such heating is a significant decrease in humidity in the greenhouse. Therefore, you should constantly monitor the humidity so that the air does not dry out too much.
• Heating and ventilation units installed on special supports or supporting structures of the greenhouse are used as air heating for greenhouses. Such devices warm up the air in the greenhouse well, and polyethylene sleeves are additionally used to warm the soil. This combination of air heating methods provides maximum efficiency.
• For large greenhouses, an industrial solid fuel air heater can also be used. It can be installed anywhere in the greenhouse without controlling the subsequent process. The automatic thermostat independently regulates the required room temperature.

How to heat a greenhouse in early spring - gas heating method

• The gasified area allows you to use gas for heating the greenhouse.
• How to heat the greenhouse with gas on your own, so that it is safe and efficient? You can use gas burners or heaters evenly spaced around the perimeter of the greenhouse. For them, ordinary gas cylinders are suitable.
• Gas heaters still need constant monitoring and supervision.
• In order for carbon dioxide and the heat generated by heaters to be evenly distributed throughout the greenhouse, fans are also installed.
• An alternative to such heaters can be a factory gas boiler. But, in this case, the cost of this heating system should be taken into account.
• The positive aspects of gas heating will be their convenient use for seasonal greenhouses (for example, in spring), the carbon dioxide and water released during this will contribute to the growth of plants in greenhouse conditions.
• The problematic issue of gas heating will be the uniform distribution of heat throughout the room, the access of air for ventilation (chimney) and the constant monitoring of heaters.

How to heat a greenhouse in early spring - electric heating method

• How to heat a greenhouse in spring with electricity? There are several options for electric heating that you can install yourself.
• The main condition for electric heating is the presence of electricity in the greenhouse (or near it).
• The easiest way to heat a greenhouse in the spring is to install electric heaters. By periodically changing the location of the devices, you can easily change the air flow of heat in the greenhouse.

• The advantages of this method are the low budget of the heating system, ease of use and management. And electrical appliances with fans help to evenly heat the building area and prevent condensation on the walls of the greenhouse.
• The disadvantages of such heating will be the uneven heating area when using only one device; and the use of several devices in a large greenhouse will entail a significant waste of electricity and financial costs. In addition, the devices should not be too close to the plants so that hot air does not fall on them.
• Another way to heat is to install a heating cable for the greenhouse. It is laid in advance, under a layer of soil. With this use of electricity, it is possible to save, since the energy consumption is much less than that of heating appliances. The system is easy to use and allows you to evenly distribute heat over the entire area of ​​the greenhouse, and not only the soil, but also the air is heated. This is especially convenient when the greenhouse begins to function only in spring and the soil after winter is cold, unsuitable for plants.

How to heat a greenhouse in early spring - infrared heating method

• For infrared heating greenhouses use special infrared lamps, heaters and thermal film.

• An economical way to use (compared to electrical appliances), the infrared heating method quickly and evenly heats the soil and plants without overdrying the air.
• By installing a thermostat on infrared heaters, you can easily control the temperature of the room and maintain a constant climate control.
• Infrared radiation is harmless to plants and people.
• The advantages of this method of heating are long service life (up to 10 years) of devices, high return at low cost and easy way system installation.

How to heat a greenhouse in frost - an emergency heating method

• What to do if a cold snap suddenly sets in, but there is no heating in the greenhouse yet? There are emergency ways to heat a greenhouse. Let's consider one of the examples.
• First way. To do this, you need a barrel and porous bricks soaked in a combustible mixture. A barrel of bricks is placed near the greenhouse. Then it is necessary to mount and strengthen the pipe from the top of the barrel to the ceiling of the greenhouse. When the bricks are set on fire, the room in the greenhouse heats up quickly and is kept for about 12 hours.
• The method is quite dangerous, applicable only in emergency cases and requires strict adherence to fire safety rules and constant monitoring.

• The second way. It is used when there is enough sunlight during the day, but frosts are still possible at night. Plastic bottles filled with water are used. They are placed in the soil, around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse, without twisting the lids. During the day, they heat up from the sun's rays penetrating the greenhouse, and at night they give off the accumulated heat to the soil. In addition, valuable moisture evaporates, creating a favorable microclimate for plants.

How to heat the ground in a greenhouse

• In the previous sections, some ways of heating the soil in a greenhouse were considered: heating with “biofuel” or bottles of water, warm air through special sleeves, infrared devices and others. Consider others, possible options soil heating.
• Soil chimney - a device from a stove located outside the greenhouse. The chimney is placed directly into the soil inside the greenhouse. Thus, it heats not only the soil, but also the air.
• "Warm floor" in the greenhouse can be easily provided by installing electric heating cables there. It does not take up extra space in the greenhouse, such a “floor” perfectly warms up the soil, and hence the air. In addition, automatic temperature control is possible. With all the benefits and convenience, the system will require certain costs for the purchase and installation of such equipment.

How to heat a polycarbonate greenhouse

• The choice of material for the manufacture of a greenhouse is very important, as it directly affects the ability to store and transfer heat in a room.
• Glass transmits light well, but has poor thermal insulation. Double-glazed windows are too expensive material. The film is not strong and thin. Polycarbonate is the best option in terms of thermal conductivity and light transmission.
• For a greenhouse that is “launched” in the spring, a single-layer polycarbonate will be enough. For a year-round greenhouse - take two layers of polycarbonate.
• Polycarbonate greenhouses can be heated by all of the above methods.

findings

Before choosing one or another method of heating a greenhouse in spring, it is important to decide on a number of factors:

• Greenhouse size.
• The material from which the greenhouse is made.
• Greenhouse operating conditions (seasonal or year-round).
• Availability of technical resources: gas, electricity, boiler capacity in the house, etc.
• Financial opportunities.

Only taking into account all the circumstances outlined will it be possible to choose the most rational way to heat the greenhouse.

Having carefully studied all the methods of heating a greenhouse, having familiarized yourself with their positive and negative sides, determine for yourself the most suitable one, which ensures comfortable plant growth and full heating of air and soil.

If necessary, it is possible to combine several methods of heating the greenhouse. This is very convenient and allows you to change the heating methods (if necessary) or combine them, if necessary.

Heated greenhouses, video

"Heating the greenhouse with wood":

"Heating a polycarbonate greenhouse":

"Water heating of the greenhouse":

For year-round cultivation of plants or the cultivation of early seedlings, warm rooms are used. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out using fairly simple heating systems.

With minimal skills in repair and construction work you can realize the heating of the greenhouse with your own hands.

Greenhouse heating is necessary to compensate for heat losses that occur through the walls and ceiling of the structure, as well as due to the ingress of outside air. To reduce heating costs, it is first of all necessary to insulate the greenhouse with high quality and minimize air exchange with the street.

In addition to the material from which the greenhouse is made, special attention should be paid to the snug fit of the structure to the soil. To do this, it is better to make a foundation insulated from the inside when building a greenhouse. shallow depth. It must securely hold the structure at strong winds, prevent the formation of cracks and minimize heat exchange with the street through the top layer of soil.

To solve the latter problem, even in the conditions of the northern regions, 30 cm depth is sufficient, since the thermal conductivity of the soil is very low. The intensity of vertical heat exchange between the soil layer inside the greenhouse and the soil underlying the soil layer is very low. In winter, snow can be used as a natural external insulation around the edges of the greenhouse.

Snow is an excellent insulating material. However, the structure of the greenhouse must be able to support the additional weight, and the material must not sag under its weight.

For normal growth plants need to maintain the temperature of the air and the soil-vegetative layer in a certain range. If the greenhouse operates continuously, then the fertile soil will be warmed up due to heat exchange with the internal air. Moreover, its temperature will be almost the same as at vivo summer.

The soil and soil layers freeze in winter to a depth that depends on the geographic latitude of the location of the region and structure rock. To warm the soil and the upper layer adjacent to it before planting, it is necessary either to maintain a positive air temperature for a very long time (up to a month), or to perform special actions to transfer heat directly into the soil. This can be done using a system of underground pipes into which the coolant is supplied.

The amount of energy spent on heating the greenhouse depends on the following factors:

• The surface area of ​​the walls and roof of the greenhouse. The lower this figure, the lower the heat loss. Therefore, to save energy, it is better to use a rectangular or semicircular shape of the structure.
• Thermal conductivity coefficient of the material. The lower this parameter, the better the material retains heat.
• Temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. The larger its value, the greater the heat loss.
• Air exchange through leaks. To reduce energy costs, it is necessary to eliminate the uncontrolled influx of cold air.

The wide variety of projects of private greenhouses and the quality of their installation make modeling very difficult. temperature regime. Therefore, it is possible to accurately determine the amount of energy required for heating a particular object only experimentally.

Such methods approximately calculate the value of the required power of the heater. The problem lies in the difficulty of determining the scattering coefficient for a particular object.

Autonomous heating based on fuel combustion

Using the combustion process as a heat source is the most commonly used heating method for small greenhouses. Such heating has some specifics, since it is necessary to take into account the increased tightness of the room, the desirability of heating the soil and the need to maintain humidity.

Furnaces and solid fuel boilers

One of the simplest devices used for heating greenhouses in cold period, is an oven. The popularity of the use of such a device is due to the cheapness of fuel. They can be uncalibrated firewood, dry grass, coal and coal dust, garbage and flammable liquids.

With stove heating, it is necessary to ensure stable draft, since ventilation of the greenhouse when combustion products get inside will lead to its cooling.

When using a metal furnace, heating occurs quickly and energy is transferred to the surrounding air. It is also the cheapest and easiest heating method to use.

The stone oven heats up more slowly and keeps heat longer. This is more suitable for heating small spaces with a medium or narrow temperature range. However, such a furnace must be folded and, if necessary, it cannot be moved, like its metal counterpart.

There is an idea of ​​heating the space in the greenhouse with the help of hot combustion products. To do this, it is proposed to place the stove in a pit, and lay the chimney horizontally below ground level, with its subsequent exit to the surface.

With this arrangement of the chimney, a significant increase in its length will occur, as a result of which hot gases will give off large quantity heat inside the room

This option will really increase the efficiency of heating. However, in practical implementation, the following difficulties will arise:

• The air temperature at the outlet of the furnace is very high. Therefore, the chimney should not have good heat transfer, otherwise the soil around it will burn out. Asbestos pipes can be used as a material for the removal of combustion products.
• It will be necessary to provide revision windows in the chimney to clean it from soot. Therefore, it is necessary to lay a pipe between the beds.
• A long horizontal section does not contribute to the creation of normal traction, so it will be necessary to install a smoke exhauster. This means the need to supply electricity to the greenhouse or periodically recharge the battery.

Therefore, the idea of ​​underground placement of the chimney in practice has not found wide application.

Instead of a standard furnace, long-burning solid fuel boilers can be used. They burn fuel more efficiently and do not allow rapid heat release, which eliminates the possibility of damage to plants from high temperatures. These factory-made boilers are easy to use and maintain, as well as compact.

Gas boilers and convectors

For greenhouses, the use of a gas boiler or convector has become a good alternative to stove heating. For small private structures, equipment operating on the basis of gas cylinders is usually used.

Before installing a gas boiler in a greenhouse, it is necessary to thoroughly strengthen one of the walls to which it will be attached

It is better to place a gas cylinder outside the greenhouse. But in this case, it is necessary to solve the issue of preventing freezing of the gearbox during a long period with a negative temperature.

Connecting a greenhouse to a gas network is a rather complicated bureaucratic procedure. In addition, during the annual mandatory inspection by a gas service specialist, comments will be made.

In any case, the presence of a combination of gas supply and the use of open fire in a closed room requires increased security measures. The best solution is the presence of a gas analyzer, as well as an automatic flame extinguishing system that is triggered when the MPC of a combustible substance in the air is exceeded.

From the standpoint of comparing financial costs for the installation and use of stoves and gas equipment, an unambiguous conclusion cannot be drawn. A simple gas convector costs about 12-14 thousand rubles. This is more expensive than metal solid fuel devices:

• metal costs and expendable materials with self-manufacturing stove-potbelly stoves amount to about 3 thousand rubles;
• a factory solid propellant unit of small size (for example, the NVU-50 Tulinka model) costs about 6.6 thousand rubles.
• installation of long burning (model NV-100 "Klondike") costs about 9 thousand rubles.

A stone oven will be more expensive than a gas convector due to the cost of the foundation and its laying.

It is advisable to install a stone oven if you are sure that the greenhouse will be located at this place for more than one year

The cost of liquefied natural gas spent on heating any room will be cheaper than purchased firewood and coal. However, greenhouses are heated, as a rule, with free or cheap combustible waste, which is always enough in rural and suburban areas.

The problem of air leakage and humidity

The use of heating devices in which open combustion of fuel occurs, leads to the need to remove combustion products through the chimney. In this case it is necessary to compensate the volume of outgoing air. In buildings, it is possible through uncontrolled inflow (infiltration) which occurs due to the presence of cracks and holes in the walls and ceiling.

The construction of modern greenhouses, such as polycarbonate, creates an airtight space. In this case, the problem of air intake is solved by the presence of air vents and the installation of a special inlet. It should be placed in such a way as to avoid a concentrated flow of cold air on the plants. It is also possible to use several small holes to organize a distributed inflow.

Exhaust systems for gas convectors closed type already equipped with a pipe for the inflow of outside air into the combustion chamber.

In a convector with a closed combustion chamber, the outside air does not cool the room, and combustion products cannot get inside

Often after the operation of furnaces and boilers, the effect of dehumidifying the air is observed. This is due to the lower absolute humidity of the incoming cold flow (especially frosty) in relation to the warm air leaving the greenhouse through the chimney.

To maintain accurate parameters of air humidity, a humidifier with a hygrometer is used, which can operate from a local energy source. In the absence of such a need, you can place an open container with water in the greenhouse. Then in case of strong dehumidification naturally evaporation process will occur.

Ways to evenly distribute heat

For small greenhouses, it is enough to place one heating source. The air circulation in the room will be provided due to the vertical temperature difference and, thus, there will be a distribution warm air.

In any greenhouse, when it is heated, a slight vertical temperature difference occurs. This must be remembered when positioning thermometers.

In rooms of a large area or complex geometry, the formation of zones with different microclimate parameters is possible. This is sometimes done on purpose in industrial greenhouses, but in most cases this phenomenon is undesirable. To evenly distribute heat, two methods are used:

• Creation of artificial air circulation. Typically, bladed fans are used. Sometimes a duct system with integrated pumps is built so that air is taken in at one end of the room and exhausted at the other.
• Heat transfer through the room using an intermediate heat carrier. As a rule, an ordinary water system with forced circulation is used. Pipes can be laid both around the perimeter of the greenhouse and under a layer of soil.

Forced heat distribution is also necessary to prevent the formation of a high temperature zone near the heater. Otherwise, plants located near the oven or boiler may be thermally damaged.

Popular methods of heating without open fire

The use of open fire has some limitations, since combustion waste is released, and fire prevention measures must be observed. Therefore, other methods are often used to release heat into the greenhouse room.

Application of electrical appliances

Using electricity to heat a greenhouse in winter is the most expensive way. However, it is also the simplest, since the installation of such heating includes only wiring and installation of appliances. The use of simple automation systems frees a person from the need to participate in constant monitoring of the microclimate.

The scheme for connecting several heaters through a thermostat is quite simple. The only problem there may be a power outage, so you need to provide for the connection of additional power sources

Electric heating of the greenhouse can be performed using the following devices:

• Heater. The simplest and cheapest device that you can do yourself.
• Convector. The presence of a fan allows, in addition to heating the air, to carry out its uniform distribution throughout the greenhouse.
• Heat pump. A powerful device for heating air in large volume greenhouses, which is often used in conjunction with a duct system for heat distribution.
• infrared lamps. The specificity of the operation of such devices lies in the heating of the surface on which the radiation falls. Thus, it is possible to equalize the vertical temperature gradient in the room without the use of air circulation.
• Heating cable. It is used to heat local areas in a greenhouse.

In the case of small premises, the use of electric heating is justified because of its simplicity and safety. In large and industrial greenhouses, it is advisable to use other methods.

The heating cable is well suited for ground heating. Its maximum temperature is not high, so the effect of burning the soil with the loss of its qualities can not be feared

Biochemical heat release

One of interesting ways heating is the introduction into the soil of undecayed organic fertilizer- Animal manure or bird droppings. The biochemical reaction results in the release of a large number energy, which increases the temperature of the fertile layer and indoor air.

When manure rots, carbon dioxide, methane, as well as a small amount of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide are released. Also, manure has a specific smell. All this imposes certain restrictions on its use, associated with the need to ventilate the room.

In winter, as well as during prolonged cold snaps in spring and autumn, intensive air exchange is undesirable. In this case, the restoration of heat balance after ventilation may require significantly more energy than was released as a result of the manure decay process.

The use of such a “biological” method of heating the earth and air is justified in late spring, when airing occurs at positive daytime temperatures.

Systems with an external heat source

Heating of the greenhouse is possible due to the proximity of the house or other heated building. This simplifies the whole procedure, as there is no need to install an independent heat source. Using wired or wi-fi relays, you can remotely receive information about the temperature in the greenhouse and adjust its microclimate from home.

An ordinary wi-fi temperature complex of a sensor and a relay costs about 2 thousand rubles. When the temperature goes out of range, it transmits its values ​​to devices running Windows or Android

Creation of a separate heating circuit

If the house uses water or steam heating, then it is possible to create a separate circuit leading to the greenhouse. It must be provided with a separate pump, since the total horizontal extent of the new segment will be large.

Also in the greenhouse you need to install an open-type expansion tank to remove air from the system. The open water area of ​​the tank must be minimized to prevent intense evaporation of hot water into the room.

Radiators are rarely installed in a greenhouse, since the design of its premises plays a secondary role. With a lack of heat, it is better to lengthen the pipe contour, as this is cheaper and reduces the risk of leaks and breakages.

The outdoor segment of the circuit must be insulated to avoid heat loss and minimize the risk of freezing. The underground option for placing pipes is best suited for these purposes.

The connection of the heating segment of the greenhouse to the general circuit can be performed using a three- or four-way valve.

Standard scheme for connecting an additional heating circuit. The location of the taps in the house allows you to remotely control the air temperature in the greenhouse

It is also possible to create an automatic temperature control system. This can be done in the following ways:

• Change in the volume of hot water passed, depending on the readings of temperature sensors. In this case, it is necessary to purchase a pump with power control.
• Switching the greenhouse heating circuit on and off. To do this, use automatic control systems for cranes.

Instead of manually changing the position of a three- or four-way valve, servo-based devices can be used. Its electronic control unit is tuned to the readings of temperature sensors placed in the greenhouse. If it is necessary to change the heating mode, a control signal is sent to the engine, which turns the stem, setting a different position of the valve.

Servo drive for automatic adjustment has big sizes regarding the faucet. Therefore, to install it, it is necessary to take the heating pipe away from the wall

Heating with exhaust air

Good heating can be obtained by using the warm air of the exhaust ventilation of a residential building. By directing the insulated ventilation duct inside the greenhouse, you can get a constant incoming flow with a temperature of 20-25 0 C. The only condition is the absence of excess humidity and impurities in the air, which are typical for kitchens and bathrooms.

The outflow of air from the greenhouse can be organized in two ways:

• Local exhaust opening to the street in the form of a tube without a fan. It must be of small section to create a high flow rate. In this case, with a negative outdoor temperature the condensation area will be at some distance from the tube, which will prevent the formation of ice.
• Returning the flow back using an additional duct and its mandatory connection to a common house hood. Otherwise, the smells from the greenhouse will spread throughout the house.

This method is the most economical in terms of one-time system installation costs and recurring fuel costs. The only question remains the sufficiency of the extract volume to maintain the required temperature. It is better to check it experimentally.

If sometimes, during extreme cold snaps, the air temperature in the greenhouse drops below the permissible level, then a small heater can be built into the duct, or an additional electrical device can be installed at the facility itself.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Homemade stove with a long chimney for heating a greenhouse:

Several options for wood stoves in a real greenhouse:

Gas burners as a source of heat. Pipe routing in the greenhouse:

There is no universal option for heating a greenhouse. The choice in favor of one of the methods or their combination must be made taking into account its reliability, low cost of installation and use of equipment, energy prices and battery life. Most projects can be implemented in-house, which will reduce their cost and provide an opportunity for further independent modernization.