ICAO bodies. Story. Technical manuals
International organization ICAO operates under the auspices of the UN and is the coordinating body of global importance in the field of civil aviation (GA).
Mission and purpose of ICAO
According to the charter, the goal of ICAO is to ensure the safe and controlled development of civil aviation, to promote cooperation between countries on the organization of flights and passenger services. The key role of an international body is in the division of airspace into sections using navigation aids and the control of borders.
ICAO assigns special 4-letter codes to airports so that aircraft captains can clearly communicate navigation and meteorological information, draw up flight plans and charts.
What is ICAO doing?
The International Civil Aviation Organization is engaged in approving world standards and making recommendations in the field of aircraft design, regulates the work of pilots and crew, dispatchers and airport employees, monitors the implementation of safety regulations.
The organization creates general rules instrument flights, unifies aeronautical charts and aviation communications. ICAO also prioritizes caring for the environment and minimizing environmental damage due to air emissions and noise pollution.
The UN body seeks to improve the movement of travelers by standardizing procedures at customs, improving sanitary and migration control.
IC identification codesAO
Like IATA, the International Civil Aviation Organization has a classification code for air harbors and air carriers. The difference between the codes of both organizations is that the IATA code is based on the abbreviation of the name, while the ICAO code is based on the location. ICAO digital combinations are also needed in flight plans, in call signs for aircraft.
Charter and structure
The Charter of the organization adopted the edition of the Chicago Convention with amendments and provisions that supplement the document.
The International Civil Aviation Organization includes the Assembly, the Council and the Air Navigation Commission, as well as various committees and regional divisions in Paris, Bangkok, Mexico City and other cities.
The Assembly meets every three years or more often - on extraordinary occasions. The body is engaged in the election of the chairman and other leaders, reviews the Board's reports, formulates the budget and plans financial operations, reviews the earmarked expenditure of funds, and considers proposals for amendments to the bylaws.
Advice ICAO organizations consists of 36 countries, which are elected by the Assembly. Council members draw up annual reports, execute the instructions of the Assembly and appoint an air transport committee, establish an air navigation commission and its head. The functions of the Council also include assigning salaries to the President, monitoring and informing the participating States about deviations from the plan of the Assembly.
The Air Navigation Commission considers proposals to amend the Annexes to the Chicago Convention, advises the Council on air navigation aspects.
Security
Illegal violation of the boundaries of air territories is a threat to the safety and stability of aviation, therefore, ICAO is developing plans to prevent terrorist attacks and ensure the safety of passengers and crew. She created a program of 7 courses in preparation for flight and survival in extreme situations. ICAO maintains about 10 training centers that actively cooperate with developing countries for pilot training.
MembersICAO
Members of the specialized agency are 191 countries from the UN (except Dominica and Liechtenstein) and the Cook Archipelago.
Reference information
The headquarters is located in Montreal. Mailing address ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montréal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada. The organization has 8 regional offices in different parts peace.
ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, the recognition protocol of which was signed on October 1, 1947 and entered into force on May 13, 1948. ICAO is an international governmental organization. Initially, after the signing of the Chicago Convention, there was a Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO). After the entry into force on April 4, 1947 of the Chicago Convention at the 1st session Assembly held in Montreal in May 1947 PICAO renamed ICAO. At the suggestion of the Government of Canada, the city of Montreal was chosen as the location of the ICAO Headquarters.
1947
The main objectives of the ICAO, in accordance with the provisions of the Chicago Convention, are issues of global importance for international civil aviation:
- development of principles and methods of international air navigation;
- assistance in planning and development of international air transport in order to ensure the safe and orderly development of the international GA;
- encouragement of the art of designing and operating aircraft for peaceful purposes;
- encouraging the development of airways, airfields and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation;
- meeting the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport;
- prevention of economic losses caused by unreasonable competition;
- ensuring full respect for the rights of states and fair opportunities for each of them to use airlines engaged in international air traffic;
- avoidance of discrimination in relations between states;
- ensuring flight safety in international air navigation;
- promoting the development of international civil aeronautics in all its aspects.
The composition and status of the ICAO bodies are determined by the provisions of the Chicago Convention, which, in fact, is the charter of ICAO. In accordance with the Chicago Convention, ICAO consists of the Assembly (Assembly), the Council (with its subordinate bodies) and the Secretariat (Secretariat). The Council and the Secretariat are headed respectively by the President of the Council and the Secretary General, who are the principal officers of ICAO.
The ICAO Assembly is composed of representatives of all Contracting States and is the sovereign supreme body of ICAO. The Assembly is convened every three years (unless there is a need for an extraordinary convocation). The sessions of the Assembly review the work of ICAO in detail, develop policies for the coming years and approve the budget for a three-year period of activity by voting. Each Contracting State shall be entitled to one vote. Decisions of the Assembly are taken by majority vote (except as provided by the Chicago Convention).
The ICAO Assembly elects the Council (Council), which consists of representatives of 33 Contracting States and is the governing executive body ICAO, constantly guiding its work between Assemblies. Elections to the ICAO Council are held subject to the rotation requirements of the Chicago Convention and on the basis of adequate representation of the three groups of states, namely: those playing a leading role in air transport; not otherwise included in the Council, but making the greatest contribution to the provision of facilities for international civil air navigation; not otherwise included on the Council, but whose election ensures representation on the ICAO Council of all major geographic regions of the world.
The Chicago Convention provides for the cooperation of the Contracting States in ensuring the greatest possible degree of uniformity in the adopted national Aviation Regulations. To this end, the ICAO Council is endowed with regulatory powers that similar governing bodies in other international organizations do not have.
The ICAO Council elects for a period of three years its President, who has no voting rights and is eligible for re-election. The duties of the President are as follows:
- convene meetings of the ICAO Council, the Air Transport Committee and the Air Navigation Commission;
- act as a representative of the Council; perform on behalf of the Council the functions that the Council assigns to it.
The functions of the ICAO Council include (Article 54 of the Chicago Convention):
- appointing and determining the duties of the Air Transport Committee, which is formed from among the representatives of the members of the Council and is responsible to it;
- establishment of the Air Navigation Commission; appointment of chief executive officer - Secretary General;
- the adoption of SARPs, which are issued as Annexes to the Chicago Convention;
- consideration of the recommendations of the Air Navigation Commission on changing SARPs and the adoption in this regard of the appropriate measures provided for by the Chicago Convention, etc.
The ICAO Council is empowered to convene the ICAO Assemblies.
Each Committee or specialized body of the ICAO corresponds to a division of the ICAO Secretariat, staffed by personnel selected on the basis of technical competence in the relevant field. The staff of the divisions is called upon to provide technical and administrative assistance to representatives of the governments that make up the ICAO Council, Committees and specialized bodies.
ICAO Secretariat, led by General Secretary, consists of five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Cooperation Bureau, the Legal Bureau and the Bureau of Administration and Services. The staff of the Secretariat is recruited on a broad basis geographical basis which provides international representation in its activities.
ICAO works in close partnership with other members of the UN community - governmental organizations, which are: World Meteorological Organization (World Meteorological Organization), International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union), International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union), Universal Postal Union (Universal Postal union), World Organization Health Organization (World Health Organization), International Labor Organization (International Labor Organization) and International Maritime Organization (International Maritime Organization). Non-governmental organizations also take part in the events held by ICAO: International Association air transport (International Air Transport Association - IATA), International Council airports (Airports Council International - ICA), the International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations, the World Tourism Organization and other international organizations.
International Standards (SARPs) are referred to as Annexes to the Chicago Convention for ease of reference. For the safety and regularity of international air navigation, the uniform application of the requirements included by Contracting States in International Standards has been recognized as necessary. According to Article 38 of the Chicago Convention, in the event of non-compliance with any International Standard, Contracting States are required to notify the ICAO Council of the differences between national Aviation Regulations, the practice of a State or another, and the provisions of the International Standard.
The uniform application of the requirements included in the Recommended Practices is considered desirable in the interests of the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. Although the Chicago Convention does not provide for any obligations in relation to Recommended Practices, the ICAO Council has requested Contracting States to notify differences not only with International Standards but also with Recommended Practices.
ICAO issues a series of technical publications, as well as special publications that are not included in any of the series of technical publications (for example, the ICAO Catalog of Aeronautical Charts or Meteorological Tables).
The Procedures of Air Navigation Service (PANS) are approved by the ICAO Council. Designed for worldwide application, they contain operating procedures that have not yet been designated as SARPs, as well as materials of a more permanent nature that are considered too detailed to be included in the Annex, or are subject to frequent changes and additions, and for which the process, provided for by the Chicago Convention would be too cumbersome. There are currently four main PANS documents: Doc 4444, Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services; Doc 8168, Aircraft Operations (Volume 1, Flight Operations Procedures and Volume 2, Visual and Instrument Flight Procedure Design); Doc 8400 "ICAO Abbreviations and Codes"; Doc 7030 Regional Supplementary Procedures.
All territory globe The ICAO Council has divided into nine air navigation regions:
- 1. Africa and indian ocean(AIF);
- 2. southeast Asia (SEA);
- 3. European (EUR);
- 4. North Atlantic (NAT);
- 5. North American (NAM);
- 6. South African (SAM);
- 7. Caribbean Sea (CAR);
- 8. Near and Middle East (MID);
- 9. Pacific (RAS).
Additional regional rules (Supplementary Procedures - SUPPS) have the same status as PANS, but apply only in the respective regions. They are being developed in summarized, since some of them apply to adjacent regions or are the same in two or more regions.
The technical manuals, which are prepared under the authority of the Secretary General of ICAO, contain instructive and information material, which develops and supplements the International Standards, Recommended Practices and PANS, and serves to assist in their application.
Air navigation dances are also prepared with the approval of the Secretary General of ICAO on the basis of the recommendations of regional air navigation meetings and the decisions of the ICAO Council adopted on them. They specify the requirements for facilities and services for international air navigation in the respective ICAO air navigation regions. The Air Navigation Plans are amended from time to time to reflect changes in the requirements and regulations associated with the implementation of the recommended facilities and services.
ICAO Circulars, which are also prepared under the authority of the ICAO Secretary General, contain special information of interest to Contracting States, including studies on technical matters.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations founded to ensure the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation by developing international standards and best practice recommendations and making them available to States. The organization acts as a coordinator of international cooperation in all areas related to civil aviation. There are currently 191 States members of ICAO. The USSR joined ICAO in 1970. The permanent headquarters of the organization is located in Montreal, Canada.
History of creation.
The first international conference on civil aviation, convened at the initiative of the French government, held in 1910, did not lead to the adoption of any agreement. Only European governments took part in its work, since a transoceanic flight in those years was considered a pipe dream.
Nearly a decade elapsed before the conclusion of the International Convention for the Regulation of Air Navigation in Paris in 1919, establishing International Commission Air Navigation under the League of Nations. The commission was to meet at least once a year and deal with technical matters. Was also created international committee lawyers to deal with complex legal issues related to cross-border air travel.
In 1928, at a conference held in Havana, the Pan American Convention on Commercial Aviation was adopted in order to resolve the problems arising from the sharp increase in the number of international flights in the Western Hemisphere.
Although some progress had been made towards an agreement on international rules of the air by the end of the 1930s, most countries still gave very few concessions to each other's airlines, and there was no agreement of any kind allowing foreign aircraft to freely cross the airspace of one country over route to another.
The dynamic development of aviation during the Second World War demonstrated the need to create a mechanism for organizing and regulating international flights for peaceful purposes, covering all aspects, including technical, economic and legal issues. Based on these considerations, in early 1944, the United States held preliminary negotiations with its allies in World War II, on the basis of which invitations were sent to 55 allied and neutral states to meet in Chicago in November 1944.
In November and December 1944, delegates from 52 countries met at the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago to build a strategy for international cooperation in air navigation in the post-war era. It was at this conference that the charter of the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Chicago Convention, was developed. It provides that ICAO will be created after the convention is ratified by 26 countries. To solve the pressing problems of civil aviation, a temporary organization was created, which performed the relevant functions for 20 months, until it was officially opened on April 4, 1947.
Structure.
In accordance with the provisions of the Chicago Convention, the International Civil Aviation Organization consists of an Assembly, a Council with various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the Chairman of the Council and the General Secretary.
ICAO headquarters, Montreal, Canada.
Assembly, composed of representatives of all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years, analyzes in detail the work of the Organization and sets the policy for the coming years. It also adopts the organization's triennial budget.
Advice, the governing body, elected by the Assembly for a three-year term, consists of representatives of 36 states. The Assembly selects members of the Council in three categories: 1) States of importance to air transport; 2) the States that contribute the most to the provision of air navigation services; and 3) States whose designation will ensure that all geographic areas of the world are represented. As governing body The Council is responsible for the daily work of ICAO. It is the Council that approves International Standards and Recommended Practices and formalizes them as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Council is assisted by the Air Navigation Commission (technical matters), the Air Transport Committee (economic matters), the Joint Support Committee for Air Navigation Services and the Finance Committee.
Secretariat, headed by the Secretary General, consists of five Bureaux: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Cooperation Bureau, the Legal Affairs and External Relations Bureau, and the Administration Bureau.
Targets and goals.
Article 44 of the Chicago Convention states that the purpose of the International Civil Aviation Organization is to ensure the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation, to promote the art of constructing and operating aircraft, to encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities, and to promote aviation safety.
The main objective of the organization is the development and adoption of International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and policies in support of safe, efficient, economically sustainable and environmentally responsible civil aviation. SARPs are issued in the form of appendices to the Chicago Convention. Many of them are reviewed and modified as necessary to keep pace with the latest scientific and technological developments and innovations. Neither the activities of ICAO nor the adoption of SARPs detract from the sovereignty of participating States. The latter may adopt more stringent standards.
In addition to its core work, ICAO coordinates the preparation and implementation of numerous aviation development programs in its Member States; develops global plans to manage multilateral strategic progress in the field of air traffic safety; monitors and reports on the performance of the air transport sector; and identifies possible gaps in the areas of civil aviation security among participating States.
The Organization also promotes regional and international agreements aimed at liberalizing air travel markets, promotes the establishment of legal standards that provide security for the growing volume of air travel, and encourages the development of other aspects of international air law.
In the economic field, ICAO does not have regulatory powers, yet one of its statutory objectives is to prevent economic losses caused by unreasonable competition. In addition, in accordance with the convention, member states are obliged to provide ICAO with reports and statistics of their international airlines on traffic, expenses and income, indicating the sources of their receipt.
The statutory goal of the International Civil Aviation Organization is to ensure the safety, regularity and efficiency of international civil aviation. To achieve this goal, States Parties must adhere to the International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs). The Chicago Convention includes 19 annexes in areas such as aircraft operations, rules of the air, aerodrome design, aircraft accident investigation, aviation personnel licensing, radio navigation aids, meteorological services, air traffic services, search and rescue, and security. environment. The majority of SARPs (17 annexes) fall within the purview of the ICAO Air Navigation Bureau; the remaining two (Annex 9 Facilitation and Annex 17 Security) are from the Air Transport Bureau. They do not have the same legally binding force as the provisions of the Convention because the annexes are not international treaties subject to ratification. However, ICAO conducts periodic reviews and monitors compliance.
Draft SARPs are prepared in consultation with Contracting States and interested international organizations, finalized by the Air Navigation Commission of ICAO, and submitted to the Council for a two-thirds majority vote. Contracting States are committed to adhere to the SARPs, but if a State finds it impossible to implement it, it must, in accordance with the provisions of Article 38 of the Convention, inform the International Civil Aviation Organization of any differences between its own practice and the established international standard. Such differences will be detailed in the national Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) and summarized in the Supplement to each Annex to the Chicago Convention.
ICAGUE CONVENTION
The Chicago Convention entered into force in April 1947, when 30 states out of 52 members of the Chicago Conference ratified this agreement and sent documents to the United States, where the ratified documents of all ICAO member countries are stored. The Chicago Convention includes:
1. Preamble. Introductory part of the agreement.
2. Part I "International navigation". Outlined general principles application of the convention. Contains provisions governing air navigation in regular and non-scheduled air traffic, requirements for aircraft.
3. Part II "International Civil Aviation Organization"- Charter of ICAO.
4. Part III "International Air Transport". Questions of norms of the international air transportations are stated.
5. Conclusion. Contains a provision on the procedure for registration with ICAO, international agreements on air traffic and the procedure for their conclusion between states. Questions about the resolution of disputes arising between states, the procedure for adopting annexes to the Chicago Convention, making amendments and additions to it.
ICAO adopts a large number of legal acts that unify flight rules, requirements for aviation personnel, and aircraft airworthiness standards. These documents contain various rules and have the appropriate names: "Standards", "Recommended Practice", "Procedures".
Standard- any requirement for physical characteristics, configuration, material, flight characteristics, personnel and rules, the uniform application of which is recognized as necessary for the safety and regularity of international air traffic, and its observance is mandatory for all Member States of ICAO.
Recommended Practice - the same requirements as in the concept of "Standard", but their uniform application is recognized as desirable and which ICAO member states will strive to comply with.
Any provision that assumes the status of a Standard or Recommended Practice (Recommendation) after it has been approved by the ICAO Council. ICAO member states have the right not to accept this or that status, but at the same time they are obliged to notify the ICAO Council of this within a month.
The implementation of the Standards and Recommendations is laborious and costly. To simplify the solution of this problem, international Standards and Recommendations are drawn up in the form of Annexes to the Chicago Convention (annexes - from English word Appendix).
ANNEXES TO THE CHICAGO CONVENTION
There are currently 18 annexes to the Chicago Convention:
1. "Requirements for personnel of civil aviation when issuing certificates" . Qualification requirements are determined necessary to obtain certificates for aircraft crew members and ground personnel, and also establishes medical requirements for obtaining these certificates (ship commander - up to 60 years old, navigator - without restrictions).
2. "Rules of the Air" . defines general flight rules to ensure their safety, visual flight rules (VFR), instrument flight rules (IFR).
3. "Meteorological support of international air navigation". Defines the requirements for meteorological service for international air navigation and the bodies providing this service.
4. "Aeronautical charts" . Defines the requirements for aeronautical charts necessary for the performance of international aircraft flights.
5. "Units of measurement to be used in air and ground operations" . Defines the units used for aircraft two-way communication with the ground. This annex provides a table of units of measure (3 systems) used by ICAO.
6. "Operation of Aircraft" . Are determined minimum requirements to the performance of flights in regular and non-scheduled international air traffic, as well as to the production of any general aviation flights (with the exception of the performance of aviation special works), duties of the aircraft commander.
- Part I "International Commercial Air Transport".
- Part II. "International General Aviation".
- Part III. "International Helicopter Flights".
7. "State and registration marks of aircraft" . The minimum requirements for marking to indicate the ownership and registration marks of aircraft, as well as the procedure for registration and issuance of certificates for aircraft are determined.
8. "Airworthiness of Aircraft" . Defines the minimum airworthiness level of aircraft required for recognition by ICAO member states of airworthiness certificates of other states whose aircraft operate over the territory of these states or over their territorial waters.
9. "Facilitation of formalities in international air transport" . Defines requirements for simplification of passport and visa and sanitary and quarantine control, customs formalities, formalities for the entry, exit and transit of passengers, as well as registration of the procedure for the arrival and departure of aircraft.
10. "Aviation Telecommunications" . Determines the requirements for landing and en-route radio navigation aids, and also considers communication systems and the procedure for using radio frequencies.
- Volume I "Means of communication":
a ) Part 1. "Equipment and systems".
b ) Part 2. "Radio Frequency Allocation".
- Volume II. "Communication Procedures".
11. "Air Traffic Services" . Defines the general requirements for air traffic services, types of air traffic services, requirements for dispatching and flight-informative air traffic services, emergency notification, for dividing airspace into upper and lower airspace, the need for communications and channels, the amount of meteorological information, the procedure for designating air traffic traces, entry and exit routes (SID and STAR).
12. "Search and Rescue" . Establishes the principles for the creation and operation of the search and rescue services of a Contracting State, as well as the organization of interaction with similar services of neighboring states, the procedure and signals, paperwork, the rights and obligations of officials when conducting a search.
13. "Air Accident Investigation" . Establishes the general principles for the investigation of aviation accidents, the responsibility and obligations of states in relation to the investigation and provision of information on aviation accidents, the composition of the commissions, their powers, the procedure for compiling reports on the investigation.
14. "Airfields". Contains Standards and Recommendations that define the requirements for the physical characteristics of aerodromes and the equipment that must be provided at aerodromes used for international air traffic.
15. "Aeronautical Information Services" . Defines the general requirements for aeronautical information, the forms of its presentation (such as AIP - AIP Airnoutical Information Publication, NOTAM and circulars) and the functions of the bodies providing it.
16. "Environmental Protection" :
- Volume I "Aviation Noise". General requirements are established for the maximum permissible level of aircraft noise when certifying aircraft for noise, conditions for issuing airworthiness certificates, and operational methods for reducing noise are outlined.
- Volume II. "Aircraft Engine Emissions". Standards and requirements are established on aviation fuel issues for certification of aircraft engines for CO emissions and other necessary technical conditions.
17. "Protection of International Civil Aviation against acts of unlawful intrusion" . Establishes Standards and Recommendations regarding administrative and organizational measures for the suppression of acts of illegal intrusion.
18. "Safe transport of dangerous goods by air" . The classification of dangerous goods is given. Restrictions on the transportation of dangerous goods by air, requirements for their packaging and labeling, and the obligations of the consignor and carrier are established.
AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES D OCUMENTS
In addition to the Annexes to the Chicago Convention, the ICAO Council adopts Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS - Procedures of Air Navigation Service - PANS). They contain a lot of material that has not received the status of a Standard or Recommendation, or procedures that are often subject to change. Therefore, the application to them of the procedure established for the adoption of Annexes is considered too difficult. These procedures, intended to be applied on a "worldwide" basis, are approved by the ICAO Council and circulated to ICAO Member States as Recommendations.
There are currently 4 PANS documents:
1. Doc. 4444. Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services . The recommendations of this document supplement the requirements of Annexes 2 and 11. They establish the order of responsibility for air traffic services, the procedures applied by the control unit in the control area, on approach and in the aerodrome area, as well as procedures regarding the coordination of actions within air traffic services units. and between them.
2. Doc. 8168 "Aircraft operations" :
- Volume 1 "Rules of flight operations". Determines the procedures and landing approaches, the rules for setting altimeters, and other stages of flights.
- Volume 2 "Construction of schemes of visual flights, instrument flights". given detailed description important areas and requirements for obstacle clearance in aerodrome areas.
3. Doc. 8400 "ICAO abbreviations and codes" . The material in this document is intended for use in international aeronautical communications and aeronautical information documents.
4. Doc. 7030 "Additional Regional Rules" . The material in this document is intended to all air navigation regions. They are used in the preparation of instructions for the production of flights at airfields or on a particular route in a particular region. The document contains procedures to facilitate the operation of flights across the Atlantic, Pacific Ocean and other regions of the world.
The ICAO Council divided the entire territory of the globe into 9 air navigation areas:
1. Africa and Indian Ocean (AIF).
2. Yugo - East Asia(SEA).
3. European (EUR).
4. North Atlantic (NAT).
5. North American (NAM).
6. South African (SAM).
7. Caribbean Sea (CAR).
8. Near and Middle East (MID).
9. Pacific (PAC).
In many cases, PANS documents are more suitable and applicable than the Standards and Recommended Practices contained in the Annexes.
TECHNICAL MANUALS
ICAO Operational and Technical Manuals explain and promote ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices, PANS documents practical application. They can be divided into several groups:
1. Collections of symbols:
- 8643 - aircraft types;
- 8545 - airlines;
- 7910 - locations.
2. Documents on types and means of service:
- 7101 - catalog of aeronautical charts;
- 7155 - meteorological tables for international air traffic
- 7383 - aeronautical information provided by ICAO Member States.
3. Aeronautical plans.
4. Guidelines for radiotelegraph communication.
For the planned equipment of the territory of the regions in terms of air navigation, the ICAO Recommendations are combined into Regional Air Navigation Plans:
1. AIF- Plan of Africa and the Indian Ocean.
2. EUM- Plan of the Euro-Mediterranean region.
3. MID / SEA- Plan of the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
4. NAM/NAT/PAC- Plan of North America, North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
5. CAR/SAM- Plan of the Caribbean and South America.
If Doc. 7030 Regional Supplementary Procedures (PANS) establishes additional procedures for all regions, the air navigation plans cover only one specific region.
A regional air navigation plan may provide for the provision of services beyond the established boundaries of a region if the facilities and services are necessary to meet the requirements of international air navigation within that region.
In addition to these ICAO documents, there are various manuals on various issues:
- Flight Accident Investigation Manual.
- Search and Rescue Guide.
- ICAO Standard Atmosphere Manual.
- Guidelines for meteorological services.
- Aeronautical Information Services Manuals.
- Aerodrome Manuals.
- Bird Control Guides.
- Fog dissipation guides.
- Guidelines for disabled aircraft.
- Aerodrome Marking Guidelines.
- Helicopter Flight Manuals.
- Guidelines for radio operators.
- Manuals for Localizers and Glideslope Radio Beacons Operators.
- Manuals for the operation of ships - oceanic stations.
- Guidelines for the calculation and construction of waiting areas and so on.
Once a month in English and once a quarter in Russian, ICAO publishes the ICAO magazine, and twice a year, a list, tables are published as an appendix to it. valid documents ICAO, indicating the date and number of the latest amendment.
62. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
To organize international communications and cooperation in the field of international air law, there are international aviation organizations.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Established on the basis of part 2 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944. The main purpose of the creation of ICAO is to ensure the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world and other aspects of organizing and coordinating international cooperation on all matters of civil aviation, including international air transportation .
The supreme body of ICAO is the Assembly, in which all member states are represented. The Assembly meets at least once every three years.
International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO from the English ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that establishes international standards for civil aviation and coordinates its development in order to improve safety and efficiency.
ICAO established"Convention on International Civil Aviation". The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is not an ICAO.
The International Civil Aviation Organization is based on the provisions of Part II of the Chicago Convention of 1944. Exists since 1947. The headquarters is located in Montreal, Canada. The USSR joined ICAO on November 14, 1970.
statutory purpose ICAO is to ensure the safe, orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world and other aspects of the organization and coordination of international cooperation on all matters of civil aviation, including international transport. In accordance with ICAO rules, international airspace is divided into flight information regions - airspace, the boundaries of which are established taking into account the capabilities of means of navigation and air traffic control.
One from ICAO functions is the assignment to airports of the world of four-letter individual codes - identifiers used to transmit aeronautical and meteorological information on airports, flight plans (flight plans), designations of civil airfields on radio navigation maps, etc.
In 1992 (Resolution A29-1), ICAO declared 7 December as Civil Aviation Day. Subsequently, this decision was supported by the United Nations.
ICAO Charter considered the ninth edition of the International Civil Aviation Convention (also called the Chicago Convention), which includes changes from 1948 to 2006. It also has the designation ICAO Doc 7300/9.
The Convention consists of 18 Chapters (Annexes), which are listed in the main article - the Chicago Convention.
ICAO codes
Both ICAO and IATA have their own code system for airports and airlines. ICAO uses four-letter airport codes and three-letter airline codes. In the US, ICAO codes are usually distinguished from IATA codes only by the prefix K (eg LAX = KLAX). In Canada, similarly, the prefix C is added to the IATA codes to form the ICAO code. In the rest of the world, ICAO and IATA codes are not related, since IATA codes are based on phonetic similarity, and ICAO codes are location-based.
ICAO is also responsible for issuing alphanumeric aircraft type codes, which consist of 2-4 characters. These codes are commonly used in flight plans.
ICAO also provides telephone call signs for aircraft around the world. They consist of a three-letter airline code and a one- or two-word call sign. Usually, but not always, the call signs correspond to the name of the airline.
For example, the code for Aer Lingus is EIN and the callsign is Shamrock, for Japan Airlines International the code is JAL and the callsign is Japan Air. Thus, Aer Lingus flight number 111 would be coded "EIN111" and pronounced "Shamrock One Hundred Eleven" over the radio, the same Japan Airlines flight would be coded "JAL111" and pronounced "Japan Air One Hundred Eleven". ICAO is responsible for aircraft registration standards that include alphanumeric codes indicating the country of registration.
Subsections of ICAO
ICAO Headquarters, Montreal, Canada
The highest body is the Assembly with representation of all ICAO members. It meets at least once every three years. The Council is a permanent body of ICAO, accountable to the Assembly and governed by a President who is elected by the Assembly for a term of three years. 33 states are represented in the Council.
Subsections
Air Navigation Commission;
Air Transport Committee;
Legal Committee;
Air Navigation Support Committee;
Financial Committee;
Committee for the Control of Unlawful Interference with International Air Transport;
Personnel Committee;
Technical Cooperation Committee;
Secretariat.
Regional offices
Europe and the North Atlantic (Paris);
African (Dakar);
Middle Eastern (Cairo);
South American (Lima);
Asia-Pacific (Bangkok);
North America and the Caribbean (Mexico City);
East African (Nairobi).
63. Concept, features, principles and sources of international space law.
international space law- a system of international principles and norms that establish the foundations for space cooperation between states, as well as the legal regime of outer space, including celestial natural and artificial bodies, astronauts, and regulate the rights and obligations of participants in space activities.
Subject this branch of m / folk law is the regulation of m / public relations in the process of space activities, namely, the legal relations of subjects when launching space objects in the process of using space technology for practical purposes, issues of control and responsibility, determining the range of subjects of space activities, etc.
Subjects m / folk law yavl on this moment mainly state-va, although in the future the subjects of m / folk law may become org-tion and private. faces.
Main sources m / people's space law yavl m / people's treaties.
Space- the space located outside the airspace, i.e. at an altitude of over 100 km above the level of the World Ocean and up to the limits of the lunar orbit - near space, and outside the lunar orbit - deep space.
Legal regime outer space concluded that outer space is withdrawn from circulation and is not in anyone's property, that is, the sovereignty of any state does not extend to outer space. Outer space cannot be appropriated by any SP-bams: neither by declaring ownership, nor by occupation.
In accordance with the norms of m / people's space law, outer space and celestial bodies open to experience and research by all states for the benefit and in the interests of all countries on the basis of equality and are the property of all mankind.
Special meaning has a geostationary orbit. The geostationary orbit is a spatial ring at an altitude of about 36 thousand km in the plane of the earth's equator. The satellite launched into this space is in a practically stationary state relative to the surface of the Earth, that is, it seems to hover over a certain point. Such features create certain conditions for a number of uses of such satellites used for various purposes.
Research and use outer space implemented with the use of space objects.
space objects- these are man-made manned and automatic rockets and stations, including delivery vehicles, artificial earth satellites. These objects are considered space objects if they were launched, and also after their return to Earth.
All space objects launched into orbit around the Earth or further into outer space are subject to national and state registration in accordance with the 1975 Convention. Registration is carried out both by the launching state, which maintains the corresponding register, and m / people's org-tions.