Rubik's cube diagram. Quick Rubik's Cube
Probably, the Rubik's cube no longer needs to be introduced, but not everyone knows how to handle it. Although, judging by the number of requests, there are a lot of people who want to learn how to collect it. And so, we bring to your attention one of the many schemes for assembling the famous Rubik's Cube.
We will depict the turns of the faces using arrows in a 3 by 3 square, depicting the front face of the cube.
is. 0. Arrow and letter symbols for rotations of five faces (we do not need the back face). For example, the letter F denotes the rotation of the front (Facade) face by 90 ° clockwise, Ф' - its rotation by 90 ° counterclockwise. F2 - its rotation by 180 °. In this and the following figures, the unshaded faces of the cubes are the faces whose color on this figure we don't want to fix.
Each stage of the assembly is given by drawings that show the initial position of the cube, which are rearranged at this stage, the sequence of rotations of this stage and the appearance of the cube after its completion.
Let's agree that when assembling, the face with the blue central square will always be the top one. The central square of the opposite face is different in different instances of the cube; for definiteness, we will consider it green. So, as a result of the assembly, the upper face of the cube should become blue for us, the bottom - green. Any of the four other (side) faces can serve as the front face along the assembly.
If you twisted the cube at least a little, you realized that the central cubes of all faces can immediately be considered to be in place (since they mutual arrangement rigidly fixed by the construction of the cube), and for each of the other cubes there is a well-defined final position: each face of the cube must adjoin (along the side or top) to the central square of the same color.
We will collect the cube in layers - first the bottom layer (the first two steps), then the middle one (the third step) and finally the top one (the last four steps).
So let's get started! First step. Lower cross: install the lower rib cups. Select some edge cube with a green side that is not in the final position, and by rotating the side face in which it is located, move it to the top face. Let the second face of the chosen cube be yellow; turn the cube to make a face with a yellow neutral square in front and turn the top face to bring the cube to one of the two initial positions (figure below). Act according to the picture - the selected cube will be in the desired position. By setting each next rib cube, you can not spoil what has already been achieved (think how to do this!).
Rice. 1. First step: installation of the lower rib cube.
In the future, in all the figures, we will also depict the front face as yellow (that is, with a yellow central square, the right one is orange. But, of course, at each step, bringing the cube to the initial position of the corresponding figure, you yourself will have to figure out which face to take for the front.
Rice. 2. Second step: installation of the lower corner cube.
Second step. Lower corners: set, lower corner cube (Fig. 2). Select some corner cube with a green face from the top layer, and rotate the top face to place it exactly above its place in the bottom layer. In this case, the selected cube will take one of the three initial positions of Figure 2. Act according to the figure - the selected cube will be in the desired position. If there are no corner cubes with a green face left in the top layer, but in the bottom layer some corner cube is not in its final position, rotate the cube so that the cube is “front-right-bottom”, and do any of the operations in Figure 2 - it will be in the top layer.
Rice. 3. Third step: assembly of the middle layer of the Rubik's Cube.
Third step. middle layer: install the middle rib cubes (Fig. 3). Select some edged cube without blue faces, located in the upper layer. By turning the upper face, bring the cube to one of the two initial positions of Figure 3. Act according to the figure - the selected cube will be in the desired position.
If there are no edge cubes left without blue faces in the top layer, but any of the middle edge cubes is not in the final position, rotate the cube so that this cube is “front-right”, and advance any of the operations of Figure 3 - it will be in the top layer.
Rice. 4. Fourth step: Orientation of the top two rib cubes. The red arrows show how they are rearranged, which is not important for us at this stage.
Fourth step. Orientation of the upper rib cubes: set the upper rib cubes with the blue faces up (Fig. 4). Incorrectly rotated and there can only be two or four dice - so it is enough to be able to flip any pair. Depending on whether you want to flip a pair of adjacent or a pair of opposite cubes, perform one of the two operations in Figure 4 - the selected cubes will be flipped. (At the same time, they will also be rearranged.)
Rice. 5. Fifth step. Permutation of the top three rib cubes.
Fifth step. Permutation of the upper rib cubes: we place the upper rib cubes in their places without turning them over (Fig. 5). If one of them is already in the right position, and the other three need to be rearranged in a clockwise direction (case A), place the cube in the initial position of figure 5 and act according to the picture - the cubes will be placed in their place. Otherwise, rotate the top face so that some two of its edge cubes fit correctly. (This is always possible. Why?) If the other two do not stand up correctly, then we proceed depending on whether the “correct” cubes are adjacent (case B or opposite (case C). In case B, rotate the upper face another 90 ° counterclockwise - you get case A. In case B, proceed according to Figure 5, taking any side face of the cube as the front, after that, turning the top face 90 ° in the desired direction, we again arrive at A. (By the way, case B occurs in 5 times rarer than case B - prove it!)
Rice. 6. Sixth step. Orientation of the top three cubes. (When choosing the initial position of the cube, the red arrows are ignored).
There is little left. Sixth step. Orientation of the upper cubes: set the upper corner cubes with blue faces up (Fig. 6). After the fifth step, two, three or all four cubes can be incorrectly rotated. In the case of three “wrong” cubes, place the cube in one of the two initial positions in Figure 6 and act according to the drawing - the cube will rotate. At the same time, they will also be rearranged). If two or four dice need to be flipped, position the dice so that the upper left corner of the front face is blue and perform the operation T' for the case of two dice or T for four. After that, perform operation T, taking for the front the corresponding side face of the cube.
Rice. 7. Seventh step: installation of the top three corner cubes.
And finally. Seventh step. Permutation of the upper corner cubes: put the upper node cubes in their places without turning them over (Fig. 7).
After the sixth step, either all the top corner cubes will fit correctly, or one of them will fit correctly, and the other three must be cyclically rearranged, or else they will stand incorrectly. In the first case, the ace is in order - the Rubka's cube is solved. In the second case, depending on whether you need to rearrange the wrong cubes counterclockwise or clockwise, perform one of the two operations in Figure 7 - the cubes will be placed in their places. In the third case, perform any of the operations in Figure 7, taking any side face of the cube as the front - one corner cube will stand up correctly, and we will get the previous case).
All. You can breathe a sigh of relief - the Rubik's cube is solved!
How wonderful this moment is when you manage to do what is sometimes beyond the power of the majority, but in this case we are talking that not everyone knows how to quickly solve a Rubik's cube. Although it is within the power of anyone who wants it. To do this, the main thing is to know a few secrets and acquire patience.
How to learn how to solve a rubik's cube - the secrets of success
5.66 seconds. That's how much time it takes Felix Zemdegs, the first person in the world who can quickly assemble this creation of the 1980s. After weeks of training, a beginner will be able to personally create an assembly record for himself for 2-3 minutes.
Considering the question of how to assemble a Rubik's Cube, it should be noted that before starting the lesson, it is necessary to "undress" the cube into parts. After all, it is possible that the manufacturer made an erroneous assembly, and this is fraught with a waste of time on assembling the toy.
Then comes the process of carefully memorizing the colors (which one is located next to which).
How to fully solve the Rubik's Cube - detailed instructions
Well, now let's move on to the main stages of putting together all the colors of the Rubik's cube.
We divide the cube into separate components:
- there are 8 corners, 12 edges, and 6 centers;
- each face includes 9 subfacets: a - lower, b - upper, c - left, d - frontal, e - right.
Please note that in the following, counterclockwise turns will be marked with an asterisk (*). If you meet a designation like a3, b3 - says that so many times (in this case three times) the face should be rotated 180 degrees.
The main goal for stage number 1: to collect the red color in one line. Next, we install 4 elements, thereby forming a cross.
So, the first layer is assembled together.
Further, it is recommended to find a rib that can be easily deployed by turning the top. So, when assembling a new layer, the red should not be touched. It should be kept face down. It is necessary to scroll the top layer (the one that is going to this moment) until the central sections of the cube coincide.
In order, as indicated in the photo, to put the white-blue part in place, use the following: b e b * e * b * d * b d.
To fill in the left side: b* c b c* b d b* d*.
A cross is formed from a certain color.
Now let's deal with the edges of the remaining layer. If it turns out that those cubes that match in are on different faces, you need to scroll the cube according to the formula: e b e* b e a2 e*.
If the matching elements are on adjacent faces, then: the unassembled part is in front of you, and the second one is the same on the left. e b e* b e b2 e*.
Now we will talk about the arrangement of the corners of the remaining layer. If the desired color is on the right (blue-white-orange in the photo), then: a e a* e* a e a* e*. The corner that needs to be collected should be brought to the bottom.
You've been scratching your head over this puzzle for a week. And now, finally, it is assembled! .. You will never understand the joy of a person who has collected a Rubik's cube until you try to do it yourself.
For an inexperienced layman, collecting a Rubik's cube is not an easy task. Of course, on the Internet you can find both videos and instructions with where there is detailed description step by step assembly. But not all techniques lend themselves successful application on practice.
For beginner builders
Let's figure out what the 3x3 Rubik's Cube consists of and how it can be twisted (although, most likely, it will twist you at first!).
The cube has a frame - a cross, on which the central details of each side are fixed. These details are motionless, and the rest of the "brotherhood" revolves around them.
Now take the cube, turn one of the sides towards you (at your discretion) and carefully consider:
B - top side
H ─ bottom side,
L ─ left side,
P ─ right side,
Ф - frontal (front) side,
Z ─ back side.
And, accordingly, it is important to learn combinations of turns:
F, Z, V, N, L, P - rotation clockwise (or away from you) by 90 degrees;
Ф ', З ', V ', N ', L ', P ' - counterclockwise rotation (or - towards yourself) by 90 degrees;
F”, Z”, V”, N”, L ″, P ”- rotation by 180 degrees.
The simplest scheme for assembling a 3x3 Rubik's Cube consists of seven consecutive steps.
Step 1. Assemble the cross on the top face.
Choose the side that will be the top. We will collect the "correct" cross. This means that on the top side, the center will be surrounded by details of the same color, and on the side faces, the stickers on the top cube and the central one will be different, but also the same color.
To get this result, the easiest way is to use one of the above rotations to move the cube we are interested in down, combine it with the center of the same color and move it back up.
When you have collected several edges in this way, and the next one is so that, lowering it, you will break the top, the combination P ', N ', P comes to your aid, allowing you to return everything to its place.
Step 2. Arrange the corners of the upper face.
It is easiest to start from those corners that are at the bottom. We twist the bottom so that the desired angle becomes under the place assigned to it, as in the picture below. Then we move it up with one of the turns, most likely breaking the upper cross, so we fix the corner by turning it completely in the opposite direction, put the center in place and return the corner. For example, for the case shown in Figure 4, we use a combination of P, F ', P ', F.
The principle is based on the fact that we “knock out” others with some cubes. If the corner is on top, then it is better to move it down, for example, by turning П′, and then put it in its place
Expected Result:
Step 3. We collect the middle layer.
First, turn the cube so that the assembled side is at the bottom. Now you can arrange the four edges of the middle layer in their places. Three combinations are possible here:
1. It is necessary to transfer the cube from the top right to the front face. We turn B ', F ', B, F, B, P, B ', P '.
2. You can move to the right using a combination of B, P, B ', P ', B ', F ', B, F.
3. To turn an edge that is in the right place, but on the wrong side: П, В', П', В', Ф', В, Ф, В', П, В', П', В', F', V, F.
Result:
Step 4. We collect the "wrong" cross on the "new" top face.
The goal is to reach the variant with fig. 10, assemble the "white cross":
1) a combination of F, P, V, P ', V ', F ";
2) F, V, P, V’, P’, F’;
3) any of the proposed combinations twice.
Step 5. We make the “correct” cross out of the “wrong” one.
Rotate the top layer until any two edges match in color with the centers from the middle layer. There are two cases here:
1. In their places - two opposite edges, the other two need to be swapped. We use a combination of P, V, P ', V, P, V ”, P '.
2. The two assembled edges are at an angle, the other two need to be swapped with a combination of P, B ”, P ', B ', P, B ', P '. You may need to repeat this combination several times.
Result:
Step 6. Put the corners of the top layer in place.
To carry out this step, use one of the suggested combinations:
1) P’, F’, L, F, P, F’, L’, F;
2) F’, L, F, P’, F’, L’, F, P.
Step 7. Expand the corners with the right colors.
We hold the cube towards us with one side so that the “wrong” angle is on the top right. With a combination of P ', N ', P, N, we twist the cube until the corner is right. Next, scroll the top to the next wrong turned corner and set it correctly with the same combination. We do not change the working side!
During these actions, the design of the cube may be broken. But that's how it's written in the script. So don't worry!
Finally, you can unfold all four corners the right sides– the rest of the elements of the cube also fall into place! Be proud of yourself - you did it! Congratulations on a successful result!
Photo: kak-sobrat-kubik-rubika.praya.ru, speedcubing.com.ua, ru.gde-fon.com.
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Probably everyone at least once tried to solve the Rubik's Cube 3x3 - a simple-looking, but actually tricky puzzle. The Land of the Soviets will tell you how to fold it using special schemes and assembly algorithms that will be understandable even to beginners.
The Rubik's Cube (other names - Rubik's Cube, Magic Cube) is a well-known mechanical puzzle. In 1974, it was invented by the Hungarian sculptor and architecture teacher Erno Rubik, and in 1975 he patented his invention.
The classic puzzle consists of 26 smaller multi-colored cubes (size - 3x3x3). They can be rotated around axes invisible from the outside. The task is to assemble the “toy” so that each of its faces consists of squares of the same color.
Rubik's Cube: Assembly of the first puzzle belt
Assembling a 3x3 Rubik's Cube for beginners seems difficult, but quite amenable to mastering.
To begin with, let's define the terminology and give each cube a name. The central cube (center) in the figure is indicated by number 1, the side cube (side) - by number 2, the corner cube (corner) - by number three.
Important! The main assembly rule is that the front side (front) should not change!
Try to assemble the first belt yourself - the first side is assembled as you like, you can show your imagination. After that, by exchanging the dice of the first side, the first belt is collected.
Here are a couple of tips for collecting the first side:
- The central squares are always located equally relative to each other.
- The white side cannot physically coexist with the yellow side, the green side with the blue side, and the red side with the orange side.
First, make sure that the first side has the correct cross from the sides, then collect the corners.
Rubik's Cube: formulas for the second puzzle belt
To assemble the second belt, you may need two formulas.
Rubik's Cube Scheme - Formula 1 Rubik's Cube Scheme - Formula 2
These formulas are easy to understand. For example, rotation 1 of formula 1 is a clockwise rotation of the top side. And rotation 7 of formula 1 is the rotation of the front side counterclockwise. The turn is always 90°.
In the scheme for assembling the second belt of the Rubik's Cube 3x3, the fully assembled side with the first belt is the invisible part to your left. Remember: the central cube is always one color, the side is two, and the corner is three. Front side - 4.
First, change side 2 to die 0-1. In this case, the color of planes 2 and 4 must match. The invisible color of the sidewall 2 when assembled according to the first formula is 5.
Squares 2 and 3 are on the third belt, not yet assembled. That is, you need to find on the side opposite to the one already assembled, the sides without color 6, and by rotating the 3rd belt, the color visible on side 6 is opposite the corresponding color of the first belt.
If the color of square 3 matches the color of square 5, assemble according to formula 2: side 3 is placed in place of 0-1.
Rubik's Cube: assembly of the last, third puzzle belt
To assemble the third belt (last side), you will need three formulas.
How to put together a puzzle: formula 3 How to put together a puzzle: formula 4 How to put together a puzzle: formula 5 
First you need to assemble the correct cross on the last side - so the sides will take the desired position. The cube must be oriented relative to the sides indicated in blue in the figure. In this diagram, the front side is underlined in blue, fully assembled - the lower invisible side. In order to collect the correct cross, repeat formula 3 several times. The cross will turn out when the far cube is located correctly, and the near one is not.
After that, only the corner squares should remain unassembled. If they are in their places, but oriented incorrectly, do not follow the next formula. The blue cube in the picture is in its place. If you do not have any, the front side can be any. After 2-3 repetitions of formula 4, the corners should fall into place.
To correctly orient the corners, use formula 5. In order for the blue-colored corner to stand correctly, it must be rotated several times. The most important thing is not to change the front side until the cube is completely completed - even if it seems to you that nothing comes out. If the corner did not fit correctly the first time, run the formula again. To substitute the next angle, the first step would be:
Video tutorial: how to solve a 3x3 Rubik's cube for beginners
To better understand the presented schemes and visualize the process of assembling the Rubik's Cube, take the cube in your hands and watch the video tutorial. Try to repeat what you have learned. We are sure that now you will be able to easily assemble this puzzle!
You have mastered the scheme of how to correctly and quickly assemble this most famous puzzle. Of course, there are many more formulas for assembling it in a 3x3 format, we have described only a few, but after a little practice you can quickly figure it out without an assembly scheme.
Surely everyone has known since childhood the famous puzzle, named after its creator - Erno Rubik. Pretty quickly, she gained popularity and reached the most remote corners of the planet.
Without proper skill, it will not work to put together a puzzle, even after doing a hundred manipulations, but relatively recently, specialists from Inc. learned how to solve a rubik's cube in 20 moves. They managed to achieve this phenomenal result with the help of a computer, which was given the task of analyzing all possible combinations.
Where did the Rubik's Cube come from?
Back in 1974, a Hungarian architect and teacher at the Academy applied arts Erno Rubik thought about the optimal way of knowing
He wanted a new invention to help students explore the world, and one day he had a sensational idea - to create a puzzle. The task, it would seem, is elementary - to rotate the rows of the cube until each of the sides becomes the same color. But the scheme for assembling a Rubik's Cube is not so simple and can take even several hours in time, without giving a result. Students appreciate and enjoy new toy. At that moment, the creator did not even suspect that after many years scientists would puzzle over solving the puzzle until they figured out how to solve a Rubik's cube in 20 moves.
How did the worldwide popularity come
At first, the original toy was not popular with investors. It was believed that its production would not be profitable, since the assembly of the Rubik's cube could only be of interest to intellectuals. Nevertheless, one small company decided to invest in this unusual project, and the puzzle began to conquer Budapest.
A few years later, Tibor Lakzi, an intermediary of one of the German firms, arrived in the city and became interested in the original puzzle, which at that time was very popular among the townspeople. Realizing that the distribution of an amazing invention around the world could bring huge profits, he decided to promote the Rubik's Cube. For novice businessmen Lakzi and Rubik, the main difficulty was the search for investors. But thanks economic education Tibor and his commercial streak, the owner of Seven Towns Ltd, Tom Kremer, was soon involved in the project. He undertook large-scale production and distribution, which helped the cube become popular all over the world.
"God's Algorithm"
Since 1982, competitions have been regularly held in many countries, in which the main task of the participants is the speed assembly of the Rubik's Cube. In order to solve the puzzle as quickly as possible, it is not enough just to have good dexterity and ingenuity. The person should be aware optimal scheme assembling a Rubik's cube, allowing you to spend as little effort as possible. The minimum number of steps required to solve the problem is the "God's Algorithm".
Many learned minds and simple amateurs have tried to find a solution. At one time it was believed that the minimum number of steps from any position was 18, but later this theory was refuted. Many years have been spent searching for the optimal sequence, and only in 2010, scientists managed to find out how to solve a Rubik's Cube in 20 moves, regardless of the position of the puzzle before the assembly began. This is currently an absolute record.
Who is faster - a car or a person?
Colin Burns, an American schoolboy, is currently the fastest human being, solving a puzzle in less than 5.5 seconds. And the robot, assembled by British engineers from parts of the EV3 designer, coped with this task in 3.253 seconds. The advantage of the mechanism is not only that the work of all its parts is more coordinated than the actions of a person. Scientists gave him as many as 4 hands, which allow him to perform all operations 2 times faster.
How to learn to collect it
There is not one standard scheme Rubik's Cube, which allows short time learn how to solve this original puzzle. Different build systems allow you to approach the issue in different ways. Which one to choose is up to you. Of course, it is unlikely that without the computer power of Google you will know how to solve a Rubik's cube in 20 moves, but finding simple solutions learn in a short time. The main thing is that you have enough perseverance. No technique will help you solve the puzzle without problems if you are not ready to spend your precious time learning.
But you should not give all your time to this toy. Doctors noted an increase in the number of patients in psychiatric clinics after the appearance of the Rubik's Cube. And traumatologists began to regularly encounter symptoms later called "Rubik's syndrome". It appears as sharp
Assembly diagram
There are several schemes that allow beginners to quickly learn how to add a Rubik's cube. Attached to this article is one of them:
- First you need to assemble a cross, the ends of which are continued on adjacent faces. There is no universal technique - everything comes with practice.
- Next, you need to complete the entire side on which the cross was assembled, and assemble the belt from the parts around it. It is important to ensure that each belt is the same color.
- Now you need to collect the second belt and go to the opposite side of the cube.
- We collect the cross on this side in the same way as at the very beginning.
- We complete the whole side.
- Now we put the corners of the cube in order - we make sure that the colors on them correspond to the colors of the sides to which they are turned.
- It remains only to correctly rotate the parts that have only 2 sides. The cube is assembled.
Now you can learn how to solve one of the most popular puzzles in the world. The universal Rubik's cube scheme will help you with this.