How does the angle change in different seasons. Ugra - a river in the Kaluga region. Art park and archaeological complex in the estate of Nikola-Lenivets

Ugra - a river in the Smolensk and Kaluga regions of Russia, (Volga basin).
A very picturesque river, forests have been preserved along the banks, it is interesting for travel and rafting. The banks of the Ugra are the most picturesque in the Ugra National Park.
Ugra became most famous in 1480 after the so-called Standing on the Ugra River, the confrontation between the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat and the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, which is considered the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Due to its defensive significance, the river was called the "Girdle of the Virgin".
Length 399 km, basin area 15,700 km².
It originates on the Smolensk Upland in the southeast Smolensk region.

Church of the Savior on the Ugra - near the mouth of the Ugra River

The feeding of the river is mixed: the share of melt water runoff averages about 60%, more than 30% of the annual runoff is groundwater, and only about 5% is rainwater runoff. The level regime of the river is characterized by a pronounced high spring flood, low summer-autumn low water, interrupted by rain floods, and a stable long low winter low water. The spring flood begins at the end of March and ends in the first ten days of May. During the flood period, the total rise of water above the winter low water in the middle and lower reaches of the Ugra in high-water years is 10–11 m.

The average annual water flow - 35 km from the mouth - is about 90 m³ / s. It freezes in November - early January.

The river valley is floodplain, with a floodplain width of 1–2 km, in the lower reaches 3.5 km. The width of the channel in the lower reaches is 70–80 m. The depths in the low water on the riffles are 0.4–0.6 m, the greatest in the stretches is 4 m. average speed water flow - 0.4-0.6 m / s.

In the Kaluga region, the channel of the Ugra extends for 160 km. Its main tributaries are: Vorya, Ressa, Techa, Shan, Izver, Zhizhala. The bed of the Ugra is made up of sand and pebbles. Ugra is about 10 km above Kaluga.

Ugra in the Kaluga region Ugra river

Tributaries (km from mouth]
2 km: Rosvyanka river (pr)
13 km: river Veprika (lv)
36 km: Shania river (lv)
47 km: river Izver (Izverya) (lv)
75 km: Techa river (pr)
99 km: river Verezhka (lv)
112 km: river Sokhna (lv)
115 km: Kunova river (pr)
120 km: river Remezh (pr)
121 km: Ressa river (pr)
123 km: Uzhayka river (pr)
149 km: Sobzha river (pr)
154 km: river Vorya (lv)
159 km: river Uika (lv)
185 km: Tureya river (lv)
204 km: Zhyzhala river (lv)
205 km: Voronovka river (lv)
232 km: Sigosa River (pr)
236 km: river Volosta (lv)
243 km: Leonidovka river (pr)
248 km: Elenka river (lv)
255 km: river Bolshaya Slocha (pr)
265 km: river Debrya (lv)
274 km: Dymenka river (lv)
279 km: Gordota river (lv)
280 km: Oskovka river (pr)
286 km: Makovka river (pr)
288 km: Baskakovka river (pr)
289 km: river Vorona (pr)
302.3 km: Yasenka river (lv)
303 km: Nezhichka river (lv)
322 km: river Polyanovka (lv)
328.8 km: river Guda (pr)
326.8 km: Uzhrept river (pr)
327.3 km: river Nevestinka (lv)
339 km: Zhostovnya river (pr)
347 km: Chernavka river (lv)
360 km: Leshchenka river (lv)
363 km: river Usiya (lv)
366 km: river Teremshenya (Teremshon, Teremsha) (lv)
372 km: Demina river (pr)
374 km: river Klyuchevka (Klyuevka) (lv)
380 km: river Dobrichka (lv)
388 km: Ugrichka river (pr)

summer rainbow on the Ugra

Historical information
For a long time, the Ugra was a river bordering various ethnic and tribal and political formations. Mentions of military and political clashes are contained in the annals, starting from 1147: this is information about Polovtsian raids, about Russian-Lithuanian frontier conflicts, etc.

Ugra became most famous in 1480 after the so-called Standing on the Ugra River, the confrontation between the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat and the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, which is considered the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Due to its defensive significance, the river was called the "Girdle of the Virgin".
During Patriotic War In 1812, the territory of the Pougorye was guarded by the partisans of Denis Davydov and the Yukhnov militia under the command of Semyon Khrapovitsky. Thanks to the active actions of the partisans, the Yukhnovsky district was not occupied by the Napoleonic army.

During the Great Patriotic War, during the enemy's offensive against Moscow, the Ugra River became a natural frontier, for the mastery of which bloody battles unfolded in October 1941. The most famous among these events was the defense by a detachment of Major I. G. Starchak and cadets of the Podolsk military schools of the bridge across the Ugra and its banks near the city of Yukhnov.

Here, on the Ugra, the squadron commander A. G. Rogov repeated the feat of N. Gastello. His plane was hit by an anti-aircraft shell. There was no hope for salvation, and A. G. Rogov sent a burning plane to one of the fascist crossings across the Ugra. The twin-engine vehicle, destroying the bridge, crashed deeply into the bottom of the river.

One of the most tragic episodes of the Great Patriotic War is also connected with the Ugra - the death of the 33rd Army, Lieutenant General M. G. Efremov, who was surrounded near Vyazma. The shock groupings of the 33rd Army were unable to resist the enemy, which was many times superior in numbers, and were defeated. The seriously wounded M. G. Efremov, not wanting to be captured, shot himself. The Pavlovsk bridgehead, however, was held by the forces of the 43rd Army and remained impregnable.

rafting on the river Ugra

Water Register of Russia
09010100412110000020453
Pool code 09.01.01.004
GI code 110002045
Volume GI 10
The Ugra flows for almost its entire length in high wooded banks; however, there are also treeless places. In the lower reaches there are many sandy beaches, in the upper reaches there are almost none.
Of the fish in the Ugra, the same species live as in the Oka. The main commercial fish are chub, burbot, bream, pike, podust, roach. In the lower reaches there is pike perch, sterlet, catfish.
In 1997, the Ugra National Park was established. Ugra river

DIRECTION ON THE UGRA AND ZHIZHALA RIVER
The Ugra flows almost along its entire length in high wooded banks; however, there are also treeless places. In the lower reaches there are many sandy beaches, in the upper reaches there are almost none. Ugra is one of the most popular rivers in the Moscow region. Suitable for kayaking for 375 km.
The length of the sections of the route: st. Korobets - Gorodok - 30 km; Gorodok - Shoots - 45 km; Shoots - Art. Ugra - 25 km; Art. Ugra - Znamenka - 30 km; Znamenka - Antipino - 40 km; Antipino - Yukhnov - 70 km; Yukhnov - the mouth of the Shan - 80 km; the mouth of the Shani - Kaluga (on the Oka) - 52 km.
In high water, you can start from st. Korobets (line Smolensk - Sukhinichi). From the station to the water - 1.5 km.
However, the upper reaches of the Ugra are shallow, the banks are low, and there are few forests. The more picturesque part of the route - from the village. The small town of the forest here approaches the very water, the banks become higher. In places, trees leaning towards the water form green corridors. The depth of the river here is about 0.5 m, the width is 7-10 m. However, the entrance to Gorodok is possible only by motor transport, and the last 25-30 km is along a country road.
More reliable entrances to the village. Seedlings associated with art. Baskakovka and Ugra (line Vyazma - Bryansk) - respectively 18 and 30 km. You can also get from Vyazma along the Moscow-Bobruisk highway.
Below Vskhodov to the village of Gorodishchi, the Ugra still flows in wooded banks. The river in this area receives a number of tributaries and becomes more full-flowing, its width increases to 10-15 m.
The most convenient point of entry to the upper reaches of the river is st. Ugra. From the station to the water 3 km. Below the railway bridge, the forests are thinning out, and in front of the village. The banner is gone. Shallows, islands, rocky rifts appear in the channel. Znamenka is connected by bus to Vyazma.
Behind Znamenka one of the most picturesque sections of the Ugra begins, stretching almost to Yukhnov itself. Villages here are located at a considerable distance from each other. Along the banks there are high terraces, dressed mainly in pine forests. Lot good places for parking, although sometimes the approach to the water is complicated by thickets of bushes or the steepness of the high bank.

In some areas, the current slows down and the channel overgrows in summer. Below the village of Antipino, Zhizhala flows into the Ugra on the left. Not far from its mouth is a small rocky rift. Below Antipino, as before, pine forests alternate with deciduous ones, occasionally there are copses and fields.
Immediately after the confluence of the Vori on the left, a small rift forms on the Ugra. There are more and more sandy beaches along the banks, the forest thins out, and disappears before Yukhnov.
From Yukhnov you can go by bus to Moscow, Kaluga, Vyazma.
From Yukhnov, hikes often begin down the Ugra. In this case, it is advisable not to go to the bus station, but to land at the bridge over the river. The width of the Ugra near Yukhnov is 30-60 m.
Below the city, the banks are low, and from the village of Alonya Gory they rise again. After the Aloniy Gory, the river makes a sharp turn, and a particularly picturesque section of the lower reaches of the Ugra begins. In the area of ​​​​the villages of Goryachkino and Pakhomovo, the channel is squeezed by high steep banks, the slopes of which are overgrown with dense forests. Below p. Nikola-Lenivets comes across shallows, small rocky rifts.
Behind the mouth of the left tributary, the Shani, the width of the Ugra reaches 40-80 m. The banks are still high, sometimes steep. There are fewer forests and they are found in small strips and islets.
Approximately 10 km below the village. Palaces the river makes a turn and the village approaches it from the right bank. Kurovskoye, from where you can go by bus to Kaluga. Below the Kurovsky bank of the Ugra, up to the confluence with the Oka, open, treeless.
The hike can be extended to Kaluga (about 12 km), but the Oka is of little interest in this area, its banks are treeless, and in bad weather the wind inflates a steep wave. It is better to stop sailing at the highway bridge across the Ugra and get to the city by bus or passing car.
In the spring, you can start hiking along the Ugra along one of its tributaries - the Zhizhala, which flows near the station. Zhizhalo (line Kaluga - Vyazma).
In summer, the river becomes very shallow, overgrown and becomes almost impassable. Zhizhala is not wide, very winding and quite fast. Its turns are steep, unexpected, and you need to be very careful not to be pressed against the coastal bushes on a steep bend. In the flood for the passage of the site from the station. It takes 1-2 days to get to the Ugra.

Ugra in NP "Ugra"

NATIONAL PARK UGRA
Relief and natural landscapes
The modern relief and landscapes of the park are a legacy of the Oka and Moscow glaciations. Quaternary period, and are also associated with the peculiarities of the tectonic structure of the region.
In particular, the formation of the relief and hydrography of the territory was influenced by the Kaluga-Belskaya deep tectonic structure, as well as the Kozelskoye local uplift in the Carboniferous deposits. Territory national park is located within two physical-geographical provinces: Smolensk-Moscow (Ugorsky area) and Central Russian (Zhizdrinsky and Vorotynsky areas). The Ugorsky area includes landscapes of gently undulating moraine plains of the Moscow glaciation, complicated by kams, moraine-outwash plains, waterlogged runoff troughs, and thermokarst depressions. In the Ugra valley, confined to the border of the distribution of the Moscow Glacier, large moraine boulders and blocks of crystalline rocks up to 5-6 m in size are noted. The lowered spaces of the near-valley parts of the Ugra basin occupy the largest area and belong to the Ugor lowland.

The Vorotynsky section of the park, located in the eastern part of the Meshchovsky opolye, is part of the Baryatinsky-Sukhinichskaya plain. Together with the left bank of the Zhizdra, this area is characterized by the landscapes of the erosional plains of the Oka glaciation. On the right bank of the Zhizdra, landscapes of moraine-outwash and strongly dissected erosional plains are developed. The southern part of this area adjoins the Bryansk-Zhizdrinsky woodland. The maximum marks of absolute heights for the territory of the park (250-257 m above sea level) are confined to the elevated areas of the Central Russian province (the right bank of the Zhizdra), the minimum ones are associated with the Oka valley and the estuarine parts of the Zhizdra and Ugra (118-120 m).

March in NP Ugra

Climate
The climate of the national park is temperate continental with distinct seasons; It is characterized by warm summers, moderately cold winters with stable snow cover, and well-defined but shorter transitional periods in spring and autumn. Geographical position The park largely determines the diversity of climatic conditions on its territory.

Since the 80s of the last century, significant climate changes are observed, which are manifested in an increase in air temperature in the surface layer of the atmosphere, especially in winter period, and in the increase in the number of weather anomalies.

Medium annual temperature air of the last 3 decades is positive and amounts to 5.0 ... 5.5 °С, which is 0.7 °С above the climatic norm. In the annual course, from November to March, a negative average monthly air temperature is noted, from April to October it is positive. The coldest month of the year is February, with an air temperature of -7…-8 °С. Most low temperatures for the entire observation period were noted in January 1940 (-42 ... -48 ° С). In places lowered or protected from the wind, the absolute minimum reached -48…-52 °C. July is the warmest month of the year. average temperature this month, slightly changing over the territory, fluctuates around 18 °C. In some years, on hot days, the maximum air temperature reached 36 ... 39 °C.

In spring and autumn, the climate of the park is characterized by frosts. In spring, frosts end according to long-term average data on May 8-14; the first autumn frosts are observed on September 21-28.

According to the amount of precipitation, the territory of the national park belongs to the zone of sufficient moisture. For the year, on average multi-year period 650-700 mm of precipitation falls. The last decades are characterized by an increase in the frequency of anomalously high and anomalously low annual precipitation, which manifests itself in the alternation of dry and excessively wet years. In the annual course of monthly precipitation, the maximum is observed in June and July, the minimum - in February and March. Usually two thirds of the precipitation falls during the warm season (April-October) as rain, one third as snow.

Precipitation, which falls in solid form from November to March, forms snow cover. The formation of stable snow cover usually begins in the north of the park at the end of November and ends in the south at the beginning of December. Max Height snow cover is noted at the end of February and varies across the territory from 20 to 30 cm. Depending on the nature of winter, in some snowy years, snow cover can reach a height of 50 cm in the south and 70 cm in the north of the park, and in winters with little snow it does not exceed 5 cm.

The national park is dominated by south and southwest winds in winter, and north and west winds in the warm half of the year. The average wind speed for the year is low, 3-4 m/s. In the annual course, the highest average monthly wind speed is observed in winter, the lowest - in summer.

morning on the river Ugra

surface water
Surface waters occupy about 3% of the total area of ​​the national park and are represented by rivers, small lakes and swamps. About 90 rivers, streams and streams with a length of at least 1 km flow through the territory, their total length within the boundaries of the park is more than 530 km. Watercourses belong to the basin of the Caspian Sea (Volga River). The main rivers - Ugra and Zhizdra - left tributaries of the river. Oki at her top. The largest tributaries of the river. Ugry in the park are the rivers Vorya, Ressa, Techa, Izver and Shan, and the river. Zhizdra - Vytebet and Serena.

The most big river— Ugra, the area of ​​its basin is 15,700 km2. The length of the river is 399 km, the sources are located in the Smolensk region. The length of the Ugra within the Kaluga region is 162 km, of which 152 km are within the boundaries of the park. The river valley is floodplain, with a floodplain width of 1-2 km; the width of the valley in the lower reaches reaches 3.5 km; the width of the channel in the lower reaches is 70-80 m. The depths in low-water season on the rifts are 0.4-0.6 m, on the stretches - up to 4 m. The average speed of the water flow is 0.4-0.6 m / s.

The basin of the Zhizdra River (area 9,170 km2) is located entirely within the Kaluga Region. The length of the river is 233 km, within the boundaries of the park - 92 km. The river valley is floodplain with a width of 0.5 to 5 km. The width of the floodplain in the upper reaches is 400-500 m, in the middle and lower reaches - up to 1-3 km. The usual width of the channel in the middle part is 20-40 m, and in the lower reaches - 50-60 m. The predominant depth of the river is 0.7-1.0 m. The average flow velocity is 0.3 m / s.

The feeding of the Ugra and Zhizdra rivers is mixed: the share of melt water runoff averages about 60%, more than 30% of the annual runoff is groundwater, and only about 5% is rainwater runoff. The level regime of the rivers is characterized by a clearly pronounced high spring flood, low summer-autumn low water, interrupted by rain floods, and a stable long low winter low water. The spring flood begins at the end of March and ends in the first ten days of May. During the flood period, the total rise of water above the winter low water in the middle and lower reaches of the Ugra in high-water years is 10-11 m; in the lower reaches of the Zhizdra - 6-7 m. The first ice formations usually appear in mid-November, at the end of November freeze-up is established. The opening of the rivers (ice drift) occurs in the first five days of April, and at the end of the first decade of April, the rivers are completely cleared of ice.

Currently, there are significant changes in the hydrological regime of the Ugra and Zhizdra, due to a complex of natural and anthropogenic factors among which global warming seems to be very important.

There are about 100 lakes on the territory of the national park. By the origin of the lake basins, they belong mainly to the floodplain and are fragments of the former channels of the Oka, Ugra, Zhizdra rivers. The oxbow lakes arose in the process of meandering rivers along the floodplain. This explains their elongated, sinuous and horseshoe shape, small size, as well as the usual chain arrangement. The distance between the river and reservoirs, as a rule, is several hundred meters, sometimes up to 2 km. The nutrition of floodplain lakes is mixed. River, melt water and atmospheric precipitation take part in the formation of their water mass; a relatively small part of the lakes has underground feeding. The hydrological regime of oxbow lakes is determined by the regime of the river. During periods of high water, they are connected to the river, filled with water and their water mass is renewed. During hot and dry summers, many water bodies can dry up completely.

More than 70 oxbow lakes with a total water surface area of ​​over 200 hectares are confined to the Zhizdra floodplain. Their width does not exceed 50 m; the length of most lakes is less than 500 m; the average depth is 2-3 m, the maximum is up to 6 m. Only about 10 relatively large reservoirs have a length of 550 m to 1.5 km. Among the largest are Bolshoye Kamyshenskoye, Karastelikha, Zheltoye. Some lakes are interconnected by channels and form interconnected systems. So, the oxbows Yamnoye, Gorozhenoe and Podkova make up a single natural complex with unique biocenoses.

On the left bank of the Oka, in the vicinity of the village of Zhelokhovo, there is the largest floodplain lake Tish in the Kaluga region. The area of ​​the reservoir is 32 hectares, the length is about 2.5 km, the width is 100-150 m, the prevailing depth is 3.0-3.5 m. This area is a valuable botanical site. In the Ugra basin there is another unique lake with ultra-fresh water and rare vegetation, presumably of meteorite origin - Lake. Lakes. It has a regular round shape and a diameter of about 500 m, the depth of the reservoir is up to 6.5 m; around the lake there is a shaft up to 5 m high.

Marshes in the national park occupy an insignificant area, less than 1%. Represented by oligotrophic (upland), mesotrophic 18 (transitional) and eutrophic (lowland) types. The most swampy area is the Ugorsky area.

The largest swamp in the park is Morozovskoe (more than 100 hectares). Its age is over 3 thousand years. According to the type of water-mineral nutrition and vegetation, it belongs to mezooligotrophic birch-pine-shrub-sedge-sphagnum bogs. It is a habitat for valuable food, medicinal, and rare plant species.

Unique Galkinskoe artificially created wetland. Most of it is occupied by a lake formed on the site of a used peat bog. The bog itself, a mesotrophic sedge-sphagnum bog, occupies the periphery of the land. The area has significant ornithological and botanical value.

The most moistened and marshy bog of the park - Panovskoe (no more than 500 years old) - belongs to the mesoeutrophic sedge and hypnum-sedge type. Also marked here rare species plants.

summer night on the river Ugra

Vegetation
The total forest coverage of the national park is about 63%. The predominant species here are: pine (37% of the area covered with forest land), spruce (22%), birch (21%), aspen (9%), oak (7%), ash (2%).

The territory of the Ugorsky section belongs to the zone mixed forests and is located in the swamp-forest spruce-oak district (north-western part) and the forest spruce-oak district (south-eastern part). The predominant types of forest conditions (ecotopes) are complex spruce forests; on the slopes and hills, composed of water-glacial sands, there are complex pine forests and dry white-moss forests. Pine occupies 38% of the forested area, spruce - 25%, of which 55% are artificially created. At present, the primary forests are heavily disturbed, derivative plantations with a large participation of small-leaved species predominate: birch, which occupies 24% of the forested area, and aspen, which occupies 11%; there are a lot of hazel in the undergrowth. Of the broad-leaved species, oak is found here, but the areas occupied by this species are extremely small. In the south-east of the site, a single maple is observed.

The boundaries of the Ugorsky section include floodplain, upland and lowland meadows. In the Yukhnovsky district - meadows at the mouth of the river. Techi, in Dzerzhinsky - the famous Zalidovskie meadows.

The Zhizdrinsky section of the park is also located in the zone of mixed forests. River valley Zhizdra is a sharp natural boundary between the left-bank landscapes of the Meshchovsky opolye, almost completely plowed, and forested outwash plains on the right bank. On the forested lands of the site, the predominant species are: pine, which occupies 35% of the area, birch - 18%, spruce - 17%, oak - 16%, aspen - 6%, ash - 5%.

Pine and birch forests grow in the north of the Zhizdrinsky site (Vorotynskoye forestry). Pine occupies 61% of the forested area, and more than half of the area of ​​pine forests is represented by forest plantations. Birch occupies 22% of the area, spruce and aspen plantations - 6 and 5%, respectively. Of the broad-leaved species, there are oak, elm and linden.

Pine forests predominate in the central part (Optinsky forest area), as well as in the northern part. They grow on 57% of the area, and half of the plantations are of artificial origin. Spruce and birch each occupy 15% of the area; the proportion of broad-leaved species is increasing.

In the southern part of the site (Berezichskoye forestry), polydominant broad-leaved forests of the southern variant are well preserved. Broad-leaved species occupy 35% of the forested area, of which oak - 25%. The composition of the forests, in addition, includes maple and field maple, common ash, elm (smooth elm), small-leaved linden, European spindle tree, hazel; wild garlic, corydalis, reviving moonwort are abundant from herbs. Other forest-forming species are represented by spruce, birch, pine and aspen. Primary forests of the right bank of the Zhizdra, among which there are many old-growth plantations (up to 250 years old), in the past were part of the Zaokskaya serif line Moscow State.

The boundaries of the Zhizdrinsky site also include extensive floodplain meadows located in the Zhizdra and Oka valleys.
The territory of the national park is unique in botanical and geographical terms. Currently, the list of vascular plants of the park includes 1,142 species (about 960 of them are native), which is about 90% natural flora Kaluga region. All plant communities available in the region are presented in the park.

The significant length of the territory from north to south (more than 100 km) provides noticeable changes in plant complexes.
Vegetation features of the Ugra and Zhizdra river basins reflect character traits flora of the north and south of the Kaluga region. So, in the Ugra valley, such “northern” species as the noble liverwort, the Selkirk violet, the common bearberry, which no longer grow on Zhizdra, are often found, and in the broad-leaved forests of the Kozelsky Zasek, bear onions, bulbous and five-leaved denticles, and European euonymus grow in large numbers. , plains maple, not found in areas of broad-leaved forest on the Ugra. It is interesting that even the set of elements of the steppe "Oka flora" in the basins of these rivers is different. Thus, on the open slopes of the southern exposure of the river. Ugrians grow some southern species (larkspur high, branched corolla, sticky sage), and in the Zhizdra valley - others (Siberian bluebell, fragrant forget-me-not, grooved fescue, or fescue).

Each of the park sections is characterized by a set of unique communities associated with certain habitats. In the Ugorsky area, these include communities of oligotrophic and mesotrophic bogs, in which grass pondweed, small pemphigus, and white nettleweed are noted. The mainland lake Ozerki is a place of growth of rare in the Kaluga region Pepperwort, pondweed and fescue reedweed. These plants are very demanding on the purity of water. Floodplain Zalidovskie meadows are known for their richest complex of meadow grasses. 282 species of plants (including aquatic, semi-aquatic and woody vegetation) have been noted here.

The plant communities of pine forests on the dunes in the valley of the Zhizdra River are very peculiar with a unique for the Kaluga region and rare for Central Russia complex of sand-loving species. Russian juvenile, sand carnation, hill cinquefoil, and gray keleria grow here. On the swampy interdune depressions, there are marsh moss, round-leaved sundew. The unique objects of the Zhizdrinsky site are also floodplain oxbow lakes with water chestnut - chilim and water fern - floating salvinia. Rocky outcrops in the Chertovo Gorodishche tract are the habitat of the common centipede, a fern rare in Central Russia. In the vicinity of the tract, at different times, they found a dark red napkin, a combed maryannik, and a crowded head. In the ravine near the settlement grows a rare club moss - the common ram. In the preserved forests of the Zhizdrinsky site, a complex of broad-leaved species is noted, among which there are many spring ephemeroids: Marshall's corydalis, buttercup anemone, obscure lungwort, zubyanka, bear's onion (ramson).

On the Vorotynsky section of the park, on the steep shore of Lake Tish grow southern plants, not found anywhere else: feathery feather grass and yellow flax, and straight clematis was noted in the mountain oak forest near the Oka.

In the national park there are 140 species of plants listed in the regional Red Book, about 30 of them can be found only within its borders, for example, the common centipede, branched corolla, young Russian, peach-leaved or pond violet, chilim, etc. 6 types of plants. This is a feathery feather grass, a real lady's slipper, a long-leaved pollenhead, a Baltic digitorhithus, a helmet-bearing orchid, neottiante klobuchkovaya. The real lady's slipper is also included in the list International Union nature conservation (see Applications).

Monuments of history and culture
The territory of the national park "Ugra", according to the richness of historical and cultural objects and their significance, is a very valuable area of ​​the Kaluga region (see Annexes). Ancient period its history is represented by numerous archeological monuments, testifying to the settlement of the Ugra valley already in the Stone Age. Monastic and estate complexes, ensembles of ancient cities, monuments of rural architecture and places of worship testify to the architectural richness of the historical environment of the park.

The remains of the Kozelsky and Przemyslsky notches are connected with its territory - the western section of the Zaokskaya notch line: powerful system fortifications built in the middle of the 16th century along the southern borders of the Muscovite state to protect against Tatar raids. The "line", as a continuous fortification line, consisted of natural obstacles ( forest areas, rivers, swamps, ravines) and specially erected barriers: blockages of forests - notches, earthen ramparts and ditches, palisades, gouges, as well as fortified towns. Kozelsk and Przemysl, which were rear fortresses in the "Dash", were important links in the defense system of the Russian border. In their further development, they become county towns, the layout and individual features of the architectural ensembles of which are still discernible today.

A huge role in the organization of the border service of the Moscow state belongs to the outstanding commander and statesman XVI century - Prince M.I. Vorotynsky, one of the most famous representatives of the ancient Vorotynsky family. In the park, in the form of a monument of archeology - a settlement - the remains of medieval Vorotynsk, the former center of the specific Vorotyn principality, are preserved. And the planning structure, individual building elements and microtoponymy of the modern village. Vorotynsk reflect its richest ancient history.

Of particular value are the ancient roads, among which the Gzhatsky tract is most noticeable, connecting the southern provinces of Russia with the piers of the same name, built by the Decree of Peter I in 1719. For a century and a half, this road, which passed through the Yukhnovsky district, was the most important transport artery for supplying St. Petersburg with bread and other goods. Along it stood many settlements, now almost disappeared. It was this road that gave a new impetus to the development of Yukhnov, which arose at the beginning of the 16th century as a monastery settlement, and in 1777 received the status of a city.

Along the Ugra, Zhizdra and other rivers, along which the front line passed during the Great Patriotic War, dilapidated defensive lines of the warring parties remain in the form of an extensive network of trenches with adjoining firing positions, wire obstacles, shelters for people and equipment. The trenches stretch along the banks for tens of kilometers in several lines, border fields and ravines, encircle heights on the ground. There are complexes of military engineering structures, clearly defined in spatial terms: bridgeheads on the rivers, military airfields, command posts, field hospitals.

The significance of many historical and cultural monuments preserved in the park lies not only in their cognitive and aesthetic value, but also in the fact that they are carriers of the "memory of the place", a reflection of the region's unique history.

Typologically, the objects of historical and cultural heritage of the park are divided into the following groups:

Monuments of archeology.
There are 138 objects in total. Among them: parking lots - 10, settlements - 26, settlements - 73, burial mounds and burial mounds - 29. Geographically, these monuments are distributed as follows: in Babyninsky district - 1, in Dzerzhinsky - 40, in Kozelsky - 26, in Przemyslsky - 26, in Yukhnovsky - 45. The status of the monument federal significance has an ancient settlement Svinukhovo (v. Svinukhovo, Dzerzhinsky district).

Manor ensembles (including parks).
There are 22 objects in total (of which 16 are in the protected zone of the park). There are 7 objects in Yukhnovsky district, 5 in Dzerzhinsky district, 7 in Kozelsky, 2 in Peremyshlsky, and 1 in Babyninsky. Lower Pryskakh (Kozelsky district).

monastery complexes.
There are 5 objects in total (of which 4 are in the protected zone of the park). There are 3 objects in the Kozelsky district, and 2 in the Peremyshlsky district. Three objects have the status of monuments of federal significance: the complexes of the monasteries of the Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage, Uspensky Gremyachevo and the Assumption Cathedral of the Sharovkin Assumption Monastery. Shamorda Kazan St. Ambrose Hermitage has the status of a monument of regional significance.

Temples.
There are 23 objects in total (of which 16 are in the protected zone of the park). In the Yukhnovsky district - 7 objects, in Dzerzhinsky - 7, in Kozelsky - 5, in Peremyshlsky - 4.

Military graves and monuments to the participants of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
There are 51 objects in total. There are 32 objects in the Yukhnovsky district, 11 in the Kozelsky district, 4 in the Iznoskovsky district, 2 in the Dzerzhinsky district, and 2 in the Przemyslsky district.

Other historical and cultural objects (household, industrial and residential buildings, graves of famous cultural figures, etc.).
There are 34 objects in total (of which 11 are in the protected zone of the park). Three objects: the graves of S.N. and N.S. Kashkins (Nizhnie Pryski), the necropolis of Optina Hermitage (including the graves of the Kireevsky brothers) - have the status of monuments of federal significance.

traditional culture
An integral part of the spiritual culture of the region is traditional culture. On the territory included in the boundaries of the national park and its buffer zone, during the period of its active existence (until the first third of the 20th century), it had bright local features, which at the same time retained the South Great Russian basis. This was manifested in the type of traditional rural dwellings, dialects, clothing features, calendar and family rituals, and folk poetry. Folk culture became an object of large-scale study in the 20s of the last century, and part of the territory surveyed in those years is within the boundaries of the national park. This culture is no less attractive today.
In many settlements, samples of traditional brick and wooden residential and outbuildings of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries have been preserved (peasant houses and courtyards, cellars and barns in the village of Klimov Zavod, the village of Palatki, the village of Konoplevka, Yukhnovsky district, the village of Kamenka , the village of Berezichi of the Kozelsky district, the villages of Lublinka, Ozerna, Zheleztsevo of the Dzerzhinsky district, the village of Vorotynsk, the villages of Korchevskiye dvoriki, Verkhnie Vyalitsy of the Przemysl district, etc.).
The former craft centers do not exist in their former capacity, but individual craftsmen, working on orders, are trying to preserve the features of local crafts: basket weaving (the village of Golovnino in the Peremyshl district), woodcarving (the village of Poroslitsy in the Yukhnovsky district), weaving (the village of Gremyachevo in the Peremyshl district ), cross-stitch embroidery (Sosensky).

City and regional cultural institutions, leisure associations are oriented towards the preservation of traditions. Traditional folk culture is devoted to the exposition of the branch of the Kaluga Museum of Local Lore in the city of Kozelsk, the local history museum of Yukhnov, the museums of the KDO "Prometheus" (Sosensky), the recreation center of the village of Klimov Zavod, many schools located on the territory of the national park (village of Belyaevo Yukhnovsky district, the village of Volkonskoye, Kozelsky district, etc.).
Collections of articles are published based on the results of the expeditionary work of the employees of these institutions. The national park also conducts a systematic study of the elements traditional culture by the staff of the Department of Science and invited experts. The main topic of study is material culture: buildings, costume, household items.
Of particular interest is the rich heritage of oral folk art. The participants of the folklore ensembles of the village of Klimov, the plant of the Yukhnovsky district, with. Deshovki, Kozelsky district, Sosensky, Tovarkovo, Dzerzhinsky district, and a number of others. Disappearing folk traditions are not only studied, but also carefully reconstructed, since it is the local material that is the basis of the repertoire of these creative teams.

Military memorial eco-trails of the national park "Ugra"
"Rusinovsky coast"
It is located in the area of ​​the former village of Rusinovo (Ugorskoye forestry). The length is 0.5 km. Passes along the high bank of the Ugra and includes fortifications German army of the period of 1942 at the turn of the "Ugra-Front". Read more...

"Pavlovsky bridgehead"
It is located on the territory of the former village of Pavlovo (Ugorskoye forestry). The length is 1.5 km. A fortified bridgehead of the Red Army units and a place of prolonged positional battles in 1942-1943 on the right bank of the Ugra.

"Frontline KP"
It is located near the village of Kozlovka (Belyaevskoye forestry). The length is 0.5 km. The remains of various military engineering structures of April-August 1943 at the place of deployment command post Western Front, visited by the Supreme Commander I.V. Stalin.

Educational eco-trails of the national park "Ugra"

"Expanse"
Equipped near the village of Batino (Belyaevskoye forestry). The length is 7 km. Objects of inspection: the Ugra River, geological outcrops, boulders of the Moscow glaciation, upland grass-forb meadow, places of military operations during the Great Patriotic War.

"Base" Otrada "- Lake Borovoye"
Township Otrada (Berezichskoye forestry). The length is 7 km. Objects of inspection: r. Zhizdra, upland and floodplain mixed grass meadows, oxbow lake Borovoe, coniferous forest and anthills. Read more...
It is possible to climb eco-trails on your own, or as part of organized groups.

Excursion and educational eco-trails of the national park "Ugra"

"Neighborhoods of ancient Opakov"
Located in the area with. Tents (Ugrian forestry). The length is 3 km. Objects of inspection: the Church of the Transfiguration in the village. Tents, settlement ancient city Opakova, burial mounds. In the village of Ozerki, there is a lake of the same name, presumably of meteorite origin.

"The Settlement - the Settlement of Nikola-Lenivets"
Located next to the village of Nikola-Lenivets (Galkinskoye forestry,). The length is 2.5 km. Objects of visit: the Church of the Holy Trinity, a floodplain meadow, an ancient settlement of the early Iron Age - the Middle Ages, landscape architecture by the artist Nikolai Polissky, objects of the Archstoyanie festival.

River Ugra Lighthouse - a building near the village. Nikola-Lenivets

"Galkinsky forest"
Located near the village. Galkino (Galkinskoye forestry). The length is 7 km. Historical and cultural objects of inspection: the estate of the Chernyshevs - Myatlevs in the village. Galkino, natural: Galkinsky forest, Buchkino and Galkinsky swamps.

"Cromino - the manor of Kellata"
Near the village of Kromino (Vorotyn forestry). The length is 8 km. Visiting objects: flora and fauna of the river valley. Vyssy, mixed forest, the village of Shamordino and the park of the Kellata estate. Close to the estate old quarry for the extraction of "Shamorda marble".

"Damn's Town"
It is located 5 km from the town of Sosensky (Optinsky forestry). The length is 6 km. Forest tract with rocky outcrops of sandstones and relict plants: centipede fern, luminous schistosteg moss. Settlement - a cult object of the VIII-X centuries.

"Lake Lazy - Obolensky's estate"
Equipped near the village of glass factory (Berezichskoye forestry). The length is 3 km. The trail passes through a floodplain meadow near the Zhizdra River and includes Lake Lenivoye, a spring, a Bronze Age site, as well as the estate complex of the Obolensky princes.

cultural landscapes
The Ugra National Park and its buffer zone are distinguished by an exceptional diversity of cultural landscapes - integral territorial complexes that have arisen as a result of the interaction of man and nature. As a rule, they do not form “pure” typological differences, predominantly forming certain characteristic combinations with a predominance of one or two types.

The background type of cultural landscape is a peasant rural landscape, the basis for the formation of which is a cluster of historically and planning-related rural settlements (but there may also be separate settlements) with adjacent field, meadow, forest and water lands. The functional centers of such a landscape are historical settlements with preserved traditional planning, buildings, spiritual, everyday and economic way of life of the local population. The temple often serves as the planning center of the settlement. One of the most interesting territories in this regard is a large Ugric bend from the village. Sergiev, through the village of Dyukino, with. Plyuskovo and the village of Pakhomovo to the village of Nikola-Lenivets. This part of the valley and the strip of high flat shore adjacent to it are unique both in natural and in historical and cultural respects. A small dispersed settlement system, ancient villages and villages with fragments of manor complexes and monuments of religious architecture have been preserved here. The key, supporting settlements in this area were ss. Plyuskovo, Sergievo and Nikola-Lenivets.

river near the village of Nikola-Lenivets

Manor landscapes were formed under the influence of noble manor culture. Despite the degradation of this type of landscape as a whole, within the boundaries of the park it is still quite widely represented - along the valleys of the Ugra, Zhizdra, Oka, Vyssa, Techa. The main morphostructures of such a landscape are a manor house with outbuildings, a park and/or gardens, ponds, alleys, a temple, functionally connected rural settlements, and adjacent agricultural and forest lands. The largest, most remarkable and relatively well-preserved estate complexes are Berezichy (“Zarechie”) of the Obolenskys (Kozelsky district) and Pavlishchev Bor of the Stepanovs-Yaroshenko (Yukhnovsky district).

Monastic cultural landscapes within the national park and its protection zone gravitate towards the Zhizdra and Oka valleys. In addition to the architectural ensemble, which is the center of such a landscape, its structure is complemented by hermitages, holy springs and wells, reserved groves and other memorable places, functionally interconnected rural settlements (in the historical past attributed to the monastery - "monastery"), adjacent agricultural lands and forest cottages. Among the monastic cultural landscapes, the region of Optina Pustyn plays a paramount role.

The patriarchal landscape of the county town has been preserved in the old Vorotynsk and in the Klimov Zavod, which are of undoubted value as heritage sites. The historical appearance of the well-known urban-type settlements in the protected zone of the park (the cities of Kozelsk, Przemysl, Yukhnov) is largely distorted and changed by modern buildings, and only their individual fragments, but not the urban landscape as a whole, keep the historical memory of the place.

Historical factory landscapes, as a rule, are associated with noble estates and form a complex of manor-factory landscapes. These include the Shamorda complex, which includes the Kellata estate and adjacent quarries in the valley of the river. Vyssy. The Berezichsky Glass Factory with its surroundings should also be placed in the same row, but as a historical landscape it has lost its authenticity due to significant distortions introduced by modern industrial development.

Archaeological and military-historical landscapes of the park are confined to the valleys of the main rivers, which served as routes of ancient settlement, and during military confrontations - as lines of defense. They have similar problems, and partly their genesis, and therefore can be considered jointly. Landscape complexes of this type within the boundaries of the national park are unique and represent the all-Russian property, which is confirmed by the abundance of archaeological sites (settlements, settlements, parking lots, barrows), the presence of stable historical legends and chronicle information about events Tatar-Mongol invasion on rather vast expanses of the Ugra and Zhizdra valleys, as well as an abundance of fortifications from the period of the Great Patriotic War, various military items in the forests west of Yukhnov and south of Kozelsk.

Within the boundaries of the park, the following cultural and landscape zones (districts) are distinguished: Sredneugorskaya Palatkinsko-Sergievskaya zone - agrarian-estate and recreational; Sredneugorskaya Plyuskovskaya - agrarian developing; Sredneugorsko-Techinskaya - agrarian estate; Galkinskaya - forestry and manor; Nizhneugorskaya - agrarian and archaeological; Vorotynskaya - polyfunctional; Oksko-Zhizdrinskaya - recreational and agricultural with fragments of a monastery; Srednezhizdrinskaya - agrarian-monastic and tourist-pilgrimage; Verkhnezhizdrinskaya valley - agrarian estate and recreational; Verkhnezhizdrinsky basin - historical and forestry.

FISHING ON THE UGRA RIVER
Fishing report: May 30, May 30, Ugra, river
Float tackle. Catch: 5-10 kilograms

Place of fishing: Belyaevo village area

It is necessary - crucian carp!!!
May 30. Half past four in the morning. Damn I want to sleep more. After all, how to breathe and sleep in a village house. And in my head the thought, if I don’t “blow myself up” now, then in a word, the morning dawn disappeared. And this is “not good” for her (it means not good).
I get up. And from the yard such concerts are heard. Nightingales do not sing, but flood. It feels like you are participating in a competition. And all at once. Beauty.
Having a quick bite, while not forgetting to glance at the pan, and having collected the "bags" I'm already in the car going to my lady. It starts to get light, but I drive up to the place in the headlights.
A dense veil of fog wrapped Ugra like a blanket. Pampers "Father - fog", flirts with Eel-beauty. Or maybe he hides from the “black” eye, buries the night from all evil spirits. Well done, caring! I thought as I walked towards my seat. Dew pleasantly washes the feet. Who, if not a fisherman, can appreciate the beauty of everything that Mother Nature gives us.
Settling down at the place of fishing, more comfortable, I catch myself thinking: - “But there are no splashes on the river!” Grave silence. Visibility 5-6 meters. Having fed, I hear, on the other side of the river, the car drove up. Gently, without too much noise, the men settled down on the shore. You immediately feel not ordinary fishermen, but “bison”.
And at that moment I understand how I want to catch them! And I listen to their conversation. And about the bait, and about the imported bait, and how you need to feed the maggot, so that the fish “foolishly” pearl it for a kilometer. And many more smart things are given out. I didn't even hear it. Stopped. Such neighbors with bare hands you won't take. Relying only on the charms of the frying pan, I stared at the float.
At this time, in addition, a beaver muzzle appears near the cage. Healthy with a mustache. And I'm this muzzle, but just a swing, flat, and with great anger with a spare stand for a fishing rod, as I fucked it up. The result, well, for sure, on the face! Wet not only the physiognomy, but the whole to the thread. Everyone think Khan fishing.
Everything is not in my favor. Moreover, the question on the other hand, stupid: - "Asp?" “Aha! I went to you! ”I answered with obvious irony in my voice.
I'm looking for a float. But no! And the top of the fishing rod, in a notable bend. Joy has no limit. He made a lot of effort to put the handsome man on his side, on the surface, when fighting. And give the morning, with the coolness of the air to sip. Yes, and to the point, the handsome man made a noise on the surface of the water. Loudly so that I can be heard on the other side of the river, saying: - "The first went!".
I lowered the measured scavenger into the cage. And the holiday began on my street. Toli prikormka did its job, roofing felts spell frying pans began to work. But the cage began to gradually increase in catch. She also took a roach. It should be noted that there were practically no small things. 200-300g, and some specimens even more.
In the next wiring, the float abruptly goes under the water. The fishing line, sharply stretched, rang a string. The thought of what is in gear, what will not stand it. Came to mind quickly. Working with a reel and a rod, either playing off the fishing line, or pulling it, and without seeing my opponent, I realized I had to go “to the bank.” Another five minutes of stubborn resistance on the other side of the tackle and I see the black, wide back of my opponent. And its rather impressive size. “Go, go dear! Go here! Go to daddy! ”Sentencing, I brought the fish into the tank. And at that moment I realized that I was talking to the fish by ear. Tired, exhausted worse than a dog. But what was my surprise, who did I catch? Do not believe! In Ugra - crucian carp!!! More per kilo.
Another half hour of catching roach and bream, and remembering my wife's request to catch chips for the children, I switched to bleak fishing.
But even here it was somehow not simple. It feels like it's gone and that's it. And as soon as I started to catch the very rapids of water, I stumbled upon a naughty one. Three hours of pampering and almost two kilograms of a beautiful, silvery-shiny, greasy product with caviar was already in the bag.
Time for lunch. I want to eat. And at the thought that at home they are waiting for cabbage soup with nettles and steamed pork, you want to eat doubly more. Yes, and the sun began to burn the beginning is not childish.
Home, home, home! You have to brag too!
And “psyat” grams need to be taken by itself!
And the competitions were taken with a bang! So the maggot was not fed!

Place of fishing: Ugra River, in the area of ​​Palaces. For Dvortsovsky roll towards Yukhnov.

I decided to close the summer-autumn season this year. It's getting colder, and it's not getting so hot to sit with fishing rods. Departure on Sunday to the Ugra was the last open water trip this year. Lyubimy spin stayed in Moscow, I had to take three Chinese from the Gas Pipeline, especially since in one of the last trips to the Ugra, the locals claimed that they caught bait bait better, which I was convinced of by their catches. In general, I wanted to go for burbot at night, but my wife dissuaded me and even it’s boring all the same. Therefore, on Sunday we left at 8 am, about 10 were in place.
The place does not seem to be bad, the rift, the bottom is sandy, there seem to be few snags. I took off the feeders and hung heavy sinkers, as the current would simply blow a light feeder to hell.
So, the backs are exposed, but I myself sat on the float to pull the roach and bleak for live bait. It turned out to be quite a difficult task, as I thought. The wind was gusty and drop bite was extremely difficult to determine. The roach didn’t take a piece of crawling out, and pulled off a small dung beetle worm expertly, but whatever it was, I caught a few roaches and a perch, cut something, planted something entirely. And so that the float does not roll around in vain, he planted a top on it)))
The time was approaching 11 and there were no normal bites. Bale bale on the worm and truncated. I started to freeze, went to get warm in the car. It's good that I think the landing net has not uncovered, I think it will collect less.
He returned, his wife says, and I caught a small roach, I looked pulled, so I pulled it out. Throw it away. I let the roach go, and I threw it from my heart into the distances of the Ugrin)))
There were very few people, he talked to the spinner, he says in a deaf voice, if it's the weather, if it's something else. Pike says it goes, but rarely, mostly perch rushing to the outlet, but also not giants. He says he didn’t go to burbot, but they say that he pecks at night.
Somewhere around one o'clock in the afternoon, the donk next to me began to stir, again I think it was a small thing, I was pulling, and at that moment there was such a jerk on the neighboring donk that it was almost thrown off the stand. Grab it! Shout out to my wife, pull, she grabbed the rod like a drunkard with a hangover in an intoxicated bottle, oh she says how it pulls, then the couple tama can be seen large, maybe a snag))) I say, yeah, snag, leaving your spin with some kind of undersized on the hook, I myself don’t I realized how I ended up at the car and with the collected landing net I rush back. My wife yells at me, they say faster, I swear at myself that they say there are such uncomfortable shores.
At first, I thought it was a large chub or an ide that grabbed a creep, but as it turned out closer to the shore, we saw a golden back, I’m not in a hurry to say, be careful of it. What is it, the wife asked, I say carp to mine. Somehow, Svetka managed to get the fish into the landing net after 15 minutes of suffering. I say, after all, this is a carp, I say a savage. Hell, I think he can’t sleep))) Excitement in the eyes of his wife, I read without words, now he says we’ll catch it and the donka flew back about the same place.
What do you have there? Yes, I say and completely forgot that I gave up my spin. Well, I pulled out, I say, into a giant, a perch from a matchbox, while I was digging there, I thoroughly swallowed a bunch of worms during that time))). Well, of course, the operation was necessary.
By three we decided to round off, not because we were tired, but because the millet wind became unbearable, even when casting it carried heavy sinkers in the direction. I wound up the poplovochka at two, realizing that it was worth the trip. All the same, the landing gear had to be folded too)))
We did not catch anything on the live bait and its part.
On the way to Moscow, I only heard conversations on the phone with my friends that I was caught and which specimen was caught. Oh well, I think, let the person rejoice)))
The result of fishing is 1 carp, several roaches and perches, released alive, gave the dead to passing locals, they say they will go to cats.
But in general, I didn’t climb that far along the Ugra, usually with a spin I go towards the confluence of the Oka from the highway. I’ll definitely go to the Palaces one more time in the summer, but already next year.
And this season is probably closing, although who knows, the weather doesn’t understand what it is.

Place of fishing: Ugra River, not far from Kievka and its confluence with the Oka. In the Tuchnevo area from the side of Uchkhoz.

On Sunday evening, I decided to rush to the Ugra, especially since I still had to go to Kaluga on business. Knowing that in winter, a large pike perch is caught on the vents in the Ugra (not far from the mouth of the Oka). I caught it myself and that winter I was again convinced of this. And why would I think now he does not take?? Need to check. Having redone all my affairs, somewhere around 6 I drove through Uchkhoz and approached Tunevo. Windy and cold, but having warmed up at 7 pm I started fishing.
I started with turntables, but I’ll say right away they didn’t work at all, and except for one perch, I didn’t pull anything out on them for 100 grams. Naturally, he was released. When it began to get dark, the wind subsided and the temperature began to fall, there was a good blow to the Castmaster, but it was not possible to realize it, the descent near the coast. Well, I think okay, I’ll go eat, and in the morning I’ll start fishing thoroughly.
Raskachegaril stove in the car, had a bite to eat and sleep, I'm no stranger to spending the night in the car.
I woke up at 6 o'clock. I ate the leftovers. Start to brighten. Evening frost has knocked down the grass, everything is covered in hoarfrost, and the road has become better. You go, the grass crunches under your feet.
I met my grandfather (apparently local) went home from the night, boasted of burbots. He says he takes badly and only at night. Prefers a dead brush or bunch of worms. Sudak says you arrived early. In winter it is necessary. My mood dropped to the end. However, the grandfather advised me to go into one hole. He says there should be. Having given three cigarettes to my grandfather, I slowly moved to the indicated point, catching places.
Not easy to walk, very slippery. Closer to the pit on the capron I grabbed an excellent perch of about 500 grams, the bite is greedy and the resistance is good, the soul rejoiced.
And here it is that pit (according to words). Grandfather didn’t deceive. The depth there is really what you need, the bottom is clean, and in general, to be honest, the bottom of the eel is gorgeous. At least, and if there is, it is very rare.
I save yellow Effzett and there. The first postings are empty. Yes, I think it should be, the pit is good. And the expectations were justified by the wiring at 10. True, the blow was not strong, and the pike perch got sluggish, apparently grabbed it because of greed, or maybe I just hit it. Whatever it was, he began to flutter only on the shore, apparently realizing that his fate was sealed and the Moscow pan awaits him)))
There were no more blows to the vibrations, the castmasters were also silent. Apparently, it’s still too early, it’s necessary to go with zherlits in the winter. And who knows what the winter will be like? Everything in our country is unpredictable.
The time was approaching 10 and I moved back to the car. Time to go home I think. While I was going to Castmaster, I got another perch and it was larger than the first one. To be honest, I rarely caught such perches, but there were 700 grams in it. And again, approximately in the same place where the first hit. Decided to slow down and leave again. But it didn’t bring much result. The pokes are weak, the gatherings, and the rest of the copies were released, as they were, let’s say, not so hot. Apparently the perch is now more in shallow water, as I understand it. In the stream on the current, where I decided to try to catch a chub on a spinning wheel, there are no bites.
I went back to the car, changed, and washed my hands. I removed everything, that's enough, I think it's time to go to Moscow, until the road was not at all lucky with the peeking sun. Somewhere by 11 I moved home.
Yes, even if I didn’t catch a test 2 kg of pike perch, as it sometimes happened in the winter, but that’s all still ahead, Another day spent in nature will add energy for a week. Minus one, my back was numb while sleeping in the car at night. And so everything is fine. Thanks to all!

Place of fishing: near the village of Znamenka, Ugransky district

They say at the table - between the first and second - the fly will not fly, and I have not only a fly, the elephants have passed, I mean - between my first and second reports ...
Although I will not hide, there were trips, but somehow to no avail ... Either I lost my skills, or something else ... But yesterday's trip convinced me of the fallacy of the philosophical statement - Everything flows - everything changes ... And most importantly - I revived faith in their own forces and skills (so, modestly ...) And the appetite of the fish does not always change due to the expansion of the range of "gastronomic offers" of the fisherman ...
It all started "as usual" - looking at the finally restored weather through the office window, in my head I quickly made plans for the evening - to go to the Ugra!
Therefore, as soon as the reception of patients is over, tackle and boots into the car and to the cherished goal! Leaving the garages, I saw a neighbor - he was rewinding the spin reel after the previous fishing ... You don’t need to persuade him to keep company, it’s more fun together. And now, in 15 minutes, we are already flying by car from Vyazma to the south, to Ugra, discussing the fishing route along the way.
We decided to see new places (where we haven’t fished yet), a little downstream from the village of Znamenka, which stands right on the road.
The river was impressive. In some places - wide, up to 70-100 m (for our places it is wide!), Slow current. And most importantly - here and there a predator constantly attacks the fry!
Dispersed, began to try gear, bait.
An hour of fishing - not a single bite! What a Yomayo! Again, from somewhere in the depths, a doubt arises in one's own usefulness .... Yes, what is it! Right in front of me, HE is hitting a fry, whipping water - all for nothing! I went through all the wobblers, and the ways of twitching, then switched to turntables - ZERO ....
At the next review of the contents of the "ammunition depot", my eyes fell on a rarity - the Atom-2 spinner made of white stainless steel, which I recently found in old gear. I bought it once a very long time ago, thirty years ago, while still at school, I ordered it with a friend through goods-mail, according to the catalog. Back then, with an ordinary Soviet rod with a Neva reel and 0.6 line, this spinner was my favorite. Not a single pike could resist her mysterious game!... And now she deservedly rested in a box, deprived of all rings, hooks, ...
And what if... Does a well-deserved assistant dream of such a "pension"?
After some three minutes, the equipped "Atom" is already flying into the distance, dragging meters of wickerwork with it. On the third cast, made aiming at the place of the next splash of an unknown predator, you can clearly feel the impact on the lure and such a forgotten feeling of the unforgettable resistance of the river predator! Spin - in an arc! Beautiful! Account opened
After 4-5 casts - again a bite! And again, in the depths of the river, a strong fish wriggles! And every time - deeply, swallow! Without a surgical clamp, it would have to be opened!
After the third predator, who settled in the cage, suddenly, as happens in such cases, the moment came to say goodbye to the "memory of childhood" - with the next cast, the "atom" somehow flew very easily and far ... without a cord .... Break on where the fluorocarbon leash is clamped... Goodbye, buddy! Spending the rest of your days at the bottom of the Ugra is better than being lost somewhere in the grass, or forgotten in a garage closet! Thank you!
Then it was sad... And even another predator, seduced by Meps Long, did not add mood....
I should call my school friend... Tell me about the last fishing trip of my beloved "atom"...
At this time, the partner returned. I caught a chub, released it, I was very surprised at my trophies caught on an old spoon. We agreed to go again in the next few days.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
http://parkugra.ru
http://moriver.narod.ru/
Wikipedia site.
Resources of surface waters of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 10. Upper Volga region / Ed. V. P. Shaban. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966. - 528 p.
Ugra (river) - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Tourist water encyclopedia
http://fion.ru/
"Ugra River" - information about the object in the State Water Register
Ugra River // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.

In the southeastern part of the Smolensk region, on the Smolensk Upland, the Ugra River originates. It flows through the territory of the Smolensk and Kaluga regions, is a tributary of the largest Russian river Oka. The length of the Ugra is 399 km. In the Oka, the Ugra subsides not far from Kaluga (about 10 km). Ugra feeds mainly on melt water (60%), the share of groundwater is 30%, the rest is rain food. The speed of the river flow is up to 0.6 m/s. Ugra usually freezes in late November - early December, and the flood begins in late March.

The water in the river is clean, calm, the bottom is even. The channel of the Ugra is composed of medium-sized pebbles and sand. At the mouth of the river there is a large amount of algae.

Burbot, pike perch, sterlet, pike, bream, chub, podust and roach live in the waters. The banks of the river are high and densely forested. Sandy beaches are arranged in the lower reaches of the Ugra.

Fishing and recreation on the river Ugra

Tourism on the river is considered quite developed. Thanks to good ecology and rich natural resources, the banks of the river are suitable for families. Since 1997, the national park of the same name has been operating here.

Ugra is also popular among kayakers. The main kayaking routes start near the Ugra station.

Thanks to a large number fish, Ugra has gained recognition among fishermen. Fishing on the Ugra is popular not only among local residents, but also among visitors, for example, from Moscow, from where it is about 200 km to the river.

Ugra played an important role in the history of the USSR, in the Great Patriotic War.

The Ugra River, a large left tributary of the Oka, originates at the village of Arefino (sheet 16 of the Kaluga region), flows through the Smolensk and Kaluga regions and flows into the Oka at a level of 117 m. The section from the mouth of the Vori at a level of 144 m is described. to the southeast, in the lower reaches there are many sandy beaches. Almost the entire length of the Ugra flows in high banks, covered in the upper and middle reaches with forest. The length of the river is 399 km, the described section is 170 km, the average slope is 0.159 m/km. In a number of places in the Ugra valley there are limestone outcrops with springs. The Ugra valley is one of the most picturesque in Central Russia, and the river is popular with tourists.
From the mouth of the Vori to the city of Yukhnov 57 km, then to the mouth of the Shan 77 km, further to the mouth 36 km.

From the mouth of the Vori River, the forest gradually thins out, more and more often there are sandy beaches on the river. Making large bends, the Ugra flows to the southeast. Behind the village of Belyaevo on the left bank in front of the regional center of the Kaluga region, the city of Yuryev, located on the right bank, the right tributaries of the Ressa and Remezh flow into the Ugra. At Yukhnov (a bus runs here from the Maloyaroslavets station of the Moscow-Kaluga railway line, 86 km) and below, the width of the Ugra reaches 30-50 m, the river flows in gentle banks. Near the village of Kolykhmanovo on the right bank, the river is crossed by the Varshavskoye highway road bridge (A101). From the village of Palatki, 12 km below Yukhnov, the banks of the river gradually rise again. Here, in 1480, the Golden Horde were stopped, and after five months of standing, without receiving help from Lithuania, they retreated. The ancient city of Kudeyarov Kurgan has been preserved here.
Below the village of Oloni Gory, the river, flowing to the southeast, inclines to the south, swiftly sweeps through the rocks and shallows below the village of Plyuskovo on the left bank, and turns sharply to the east. In the area of ​​​​the villages of Goryachkino and Pakhonovo, the river is very picturesque, flowing in steep high banks covered with forest. The right tributary of the Techa flows into the Ugra at the place of its sharp turn from east to north. Not far from the mouth of the Techa is the village of Detkovo on the right bank, and above (10 km) the village of Troitsa with mineral springs. The huge southern bend of the Ugra, where it again takes a southeasterly direction, ends at the village of Nikola Lenivets, standing on the high left bank. In the vicinity of this village there is an ancient settlement of the Slavs-Vyatichi. A few kilometers below, near the village of Zvizhi on the left bank, there are shallows, small rocky rifts, and other small obstacles on the river.
We pass the village of Davydovo and the village of Seni on the right bank, the village of Balobanovo on the left (buses go here from the Kondrovo station (18 km) or the Linen Factory (7 km) of the Kaluga-Vyazma railway line, or from Kaluga, 35 km), the mouth of the left tributary of the Izver , the village of Matveevo on the right bank. Before the confluence of the last large left tributary of the Shani, the Ugra flows to the southeast - south, from the north a large forest approaches the river. Below the mouth of the Shan, the river is crossed by a bridge. The width of the Ugra reaches 40-60 m, the banks are still high, steep in places, but the forests are becoming smaller. Soon after the village of Tovarkovo, on the left bank, the banks go down, the river flows here to the southeast, becomes even wider, the forests disappear. At the top of the large eastern bend of the Ugra, the village of Dvortsy is located on the left bank. The river flows here in a wide valley, washing away the left bank. Here in 1480 was the headquarters of Prince Ivan the Young - the son of Ivan 3. 5 km to the east lies the village named after Leo Tolstoy, the former Tikhonov Pustyn, where one of the large monasteries was located. The bell tower of the monastery is visible from afar. We pass the villages of Yakushnovo and Obukhovo on the left bank. The bridge of the Moscow-Kyiv highway (M3) near the village of Kurovskoy, standing far from the coast. Below the bank of the Ugra to the mouth are open, treeless. The river flows further under the bridges of the Kaluga-Yukhnov highway (P132) and the Kaluga-Sukhinichi railway line (near the Kaluga-2 station, from where electric trains go to Moscow), past the villages of Pletenovka on the left bank and Rosva on the right.

The Ugra River is located on the territory of the Smolensk and Kaluga regions of Russia. The Ugra belongs to the Volga basin and flows into the Oka, being its left tributary. Ugra is best known for historical event 1480 under the title: "Standing on the river Ugra". This "standing" put an end to the Mongol-Tatar yoke and made the Muscovite state completely independent.

River length: 399 kilometers.

Drainage basin area: 15,700 km. sq.

Where it flows: The source of the river is located in the southeastern part of the Smolensk region on the Smolensk Upland. Almost throughout its course, the Ugra is surrounded by high banks overgrown with forests. In some places there are still treeless places. In the lower reaches, sandy beaches are quite common. The Ugra flows into the Oka, 15 km above Kaluga.

Inhabitants, fishing on the Ugra: the fish in the river are mostly the same as in the Oka. These are such commercial species: burbot, bream, pike, podust, roach, chub. In the lower reaches you can meet pike perch, sterlet, catfish.

Video: Cool place. River Ugra fishing.

Food: the river has a mixed type of food. Melt water accounts for 60% of its nutrition, 30% of its nutrition comes from groundwater, and approximately 5% from rainwater. Due to the feeding habits, with the predominance of melt water, the river regime is characterized by a high spring flood. Summer low water can be interrupted by rain floods. Winter low water is more stable and low.

The width of the river bed is 70-80 m. The depth at low water on the riffles is 0.4-0.6 and on the reaches up to 4 meters.

Now briefly about the so-called "standing on the river Ugra". This event took place in 1480, as a result of the war between the Moscow prince Ivan III and the khan of the Great Horde Akhmat. Ivan III refused to pay tribute to the Horde in 1476 and was forced to fight.

Akhmat's attempts to cross the Oka were unsuccessful. Therefore, he made an attempt to go from the flank. To do this, enlisting the support of the Polish-Lithuanian king Casimir IV. Casimir himself was unable to provide military assistance, as he was distracted by Moscow's ally, the Crimean Tatars. In addition, Ivan III, taking advantage of the fact that Akhmat gathered all his forces on the Ugra, sent a sabotage group into the possessions of the Khan in order to make a devastating raid and, possibly, capture and plunder the capital of the Horde - Sarai.

Both troops stood on the river for almost a month without entering into a decisive battle. In the end, on October 28, 1480, Ivan III began to withdraw troops to Kremenets and then concentrated at Borovsk in order to meet the Tatars here in a favorable environment if they decide to force the river, but Akhmat did not dare and on November 11 began returning to the Horde. The Ugra River after these events was called the "Belt of the Virgin".

If you like historical reenactments, you can visit the festival of historical reenactment and fencing: "Standing on the Ugra River".

Here is a video from the festival: