Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik. USE. Russian history. I. Stalin. N.S. Khrushchev. Material for a historical essay. Statesmen. Shvernik N.M. Activities during the reign of I.V. Stalin

Nikolai Shvernik was born on May 7, 1888 in St. Petersburg. The boy grew up in a large working-class family. He graduated from a parochial school, and then a vocational school. A fourteen-year-old teenager, since 1902, he began working as an assistant turner at the Duflon and Konstantinovich electromechanical plant.

At the age of seventeen, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, and four years later became a member of its St. Petersburg Committee. Conducted party agitation in St. Petersburg, Nikolaev, Tula, Samara. In 1910 he was a member of the board of the Union of Metalworkers.

In 1913, in order to avoid arrest, he leaves St. Petersburg and gets a job in Tula. After returning to St. Petersburg, he gets a job at the Erickson factory and continues anti-government propaganda. Soon he was sent back to Tula.

In the spring of 1915, Shvernik and his wife are exiled to Samara, where they get a job at the Pipe Factory, establish contact with the Bolsheviks and join revolutionary work. For active anti-war agitation and revolutionary appeals in February 1917, he was exiled to Saratov, where he found the news of the February Revolution.

Soon Nikolai Mikhailovich returned from Saratov to Samara. There he is elected chairman of the Pipe District Committee of the Party, chairman of the board of the plant's trade union, a member of the presidium of the executive committee of the city council. It was then in Samara that Shvernik first took up party work in trade unions.

In October 1917, he became chairman of the All-Russian Committee of Workers of Artillery Plants and a member of the Board of Artillery Plants. The following year, he took part in the battles against the Czechoslovak Corps, which defended Samara from the Reds together with the White Army, and was called "White Czechs" in the Bolshevik press.

From 1919, for two years, Shvernik worked in senior positions in the army supply system in the Caucasus. In 1921 he transferred to trade union work. Then he became deputy chairman of the established Political Bureau of the "permanent Commission for the fight against moonshine, cocaine, beer and gambling."

Further, Nikolai Mikhailovich was a member of the Central Control Commission, a member of the Presidium of the Central Control Commission. At the XIV Party Congress in December 1925 he was elected a member of the Central Committee. During the next year he worked as a secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and the North-Western Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

From April 9, 1926 to April 16, 1927, he served as secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks and at the same time a member of the Organizational Bureau. In 1927, he was released from work in the Secretariat and the Organizational Bureau and sent to the Urals to work as secretary of the Ural Regional Party Committee.

Shvernik proved to be a consistent supporter of industrialization and returned to Moscow in 1929 as chairman of the Central Committee of the metalworkers' trade union. Again nominated as a candidate member of the Organizational Bureau. After the XVI Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on July 13, 1930, he was elected a member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee and a candidate member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee. Since that time, Shvernik's work has become closely connected with the trade unions.

Since 1929, Nikolai Mikhailovich was appointed secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions as part of a secretariat of five people; in 1930 he was elected first secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions.

Soon Shvernik was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on December 12, 1937 from the Komi ASSR. The elected deputy took part in the organization of the new Soviet legislative body and was elected Chairman of the Council of Nationalities. After the 18th Party Congress, he was approved as a candidate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

During the Great Patriotic War, heading the Evacuation Council, he was responsible for the evacuation of Soviet industry to the eastern regions of the USSR. He was the chairman of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the Nazi Invaders. He initiated the creation of the Anglo-Soviet Trade Union Committee, whose main task was to unite the efforts of the trade unions of the two countries to defeat Germany. Participated in the conference that laid the foundations of the World Federation of Trade Unions.

In 1944 he was elected First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

After Mikhail Kalinin retired, Shvernik replaced him as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. At the end of March 1947, he signed a decree initiated by Stalin on the abolition of the death penalty in the country. Three years later, he signed a new decree on the restoration of the death penalty. He headed the Committee for the development and organization of events related to the 70th anniversary of the birth of Joseph Vissarionovich.

As a result of the transformation of the Political Bureau into the Presidium of the Central Committee, Shvernik was elected a member of the Presidium, but Stalin's death caused Shvernik to leave the main party and government posts.

A joint meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR recommended that Shvernik be moved from the post of nominal head of the Soviet state to some other position. By the decision of the Joint Meeting, Shvernik was also transferred to the candidate membership of the Presidium of the Central Committee.

Acting on the recommendation, the session of the Supreme Council elected Kliment Voroshilov as the new head of state. Shvernik returned to work in the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions as chairman of this body. In December 1953, he was a member of the Special Judicial Presence of the Supreme Court of the USSR, which tried Lavrenty Beria.

With the strengthening of the power of Nikita Khrushchev, Shvernik was appointed chairman of the Party Control Committee under the CPSU Central Committee, and then chairman of the party commission under the CPSU Central Committee, dealt with the rehabilitation of victims of political repression. In 1957 he was returned to the ranks of the members of the Presidium of the Central Committee. After the XXIII Congress of the CPSU, he left the apparatus activity due to his advanced age and retired.

Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - Chairman of the Party Control Committee under the CPSU Central Committee, member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee.

Born on May 7 (19), 1888 in St. Petersburg in a working class family. Russian. Graduated from the city school. From 1902 he worked as a turner. Member of the RSDLP/RKP(b)/VKP(b)/CPSU since 1905. Conducted active party propaganda work in St. Petersburg, Nikolaev, Tula, Samara.

In 1910-1911, Nikolai Shvernik was a member of the board of the Union of Metalworkers (St. Petersburg).

An active participant in the revolutionary events of 1917 in Samara. In 1917-1918 he was the chairman of the factory committee of the Pipe Plant in the city of Samara, then the chairman of the Pipe District Committee of the RCP (b), an executive committee member of the Samara Council. Since October 1917 - Chairman of the All-Russian Committee of Workers of Artillery Plants and a member of the Board of Artillery Plants. Member of the October armed uprising in Petrograd on October 25 (November 7), 1917, military operations to defend Samara from the troops of the rebel Czechoslovak corps in June 1918.

In the Red Army - from July 1918. Commissar of the 2nd Simbirsk Infantry Regiment of the 1st Combined Simbirsk Division of the Eastern Front and the Southern Front. From October 1918 he served in the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army.

From April 1919 N.M. Shvernik - Chairman of the Samara Executive Committee of the City Council and a member of the Samara Provincial Committee of the RCP (b). Since October 1919 - Deputy Extraordinary Commissioner of the Council of Labor and Defense for the supply of the armies of the Caucasian Front. Since May 1921 - extraordinary authorized representative of the Council of Labor and Defense for the supply of the North Caucasian Military District.

Since October 1921 - at trade union work. From April 25, 1923 to December 18, 1925 - People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of the RSFSR and member of the Presidium of the Central Control Commission (CCC) of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Since 1925 - a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).

In 1925-1926 - Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the North-Western Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In the period from April 9, 1926 to April 16, 1927, N.M. Shvernik - Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1926-1927 and 1930-1946 he was a member of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

In 1927-1928 he was secretary of the Ural Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1929 - Chairman of the Central Committee of the Union of Metalworkers. From July 13, 1930 to March 15, 1944 N.M. Shvernik - 1st Secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU) and at the same time Chairman of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (01/12/1938-03/12/1946).

During the Great Patriotic War, N.M. Shvernik actively participated in the creation of the World Trade Union Organization, was chairman of the Council for the Evacuation, at the same time in 1942-1951 he was chairman of the Extraordinary Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the Nazi Invaders.

From February 1, 1944 to March 12, 1946 N.M. Shvernik - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and 1st Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. From March 19, 1946 to March 15, 1953, he served as chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, formally becoming the first person of the state.

From March 15, 1953 to November 23, 1962 N.M. Shvernik - Chairman of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the CPSU.

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 17, 1958 in connection with the seventieth birthday and taking into account the outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet people Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

From November 23, 1962 to December 6, 1965 N.M. Shvernik - Chairman of the Party Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU. From December 6, 1965 to April 8, 1966 - Chairman of the Party Control Committee under the CPSU Central Committee. Since April 1966 - a personal pensioner of allied significance.

Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (December 31, 1925-December 24, 1970). Candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (March 22, 1939-October 5, 1952), candidate member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee (March 5, 1953-June 29, 1957), member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee (October 16, 1952-March 5, 1953 and June 29, 1957-March 29) .1966).

N.M. Shvernik lived in the hero city of Moscow, where he died on December 24, 1970. The urn with his ashes was buried on Red Square in the Kremlin wall.

He was awarded five orders of Lenin (including 01/24/1946, 05/18/1948, 05/17/1958), medals.

In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which the Hero lived. A street in Moscow is also named after him.

In the biography, a photo from the site "Zakharov A.A." Library was used. (http://zakharov.net/).

SHVERNIK Nikolai Mikhailovich

(05/19/1888 - 12/24/1970). Member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU from 10/16/1952 to 03/05/1953 and from 06/29/1957 to 03/29/1966 Candidate member of the Politburo (Presidium) of the Party Central Committee from 03/22/1939 to 10/05/1952 and from 05.03.1953 to 29.06. 1957 Member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from 04/09/1926 to 04/16/1927 and from 07/13/1930 to 03/05/1946 Candidate member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee from 11/17/1929 to 06/26/1930 Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from 04/09/1926 to 04/16/1927 Candidate member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from July 13, 1930 to January 26, 1934 Member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks - CPSU in 1925 - 1970 Party member since 1905

Born in St. Petersburg in a working class family. Russian. In 1902, at the age of 14, he began working as a turner at the Duflon and Konstantinovich electromechanical plant in St. Petersburg. Participant in the revolution of 1905 - 1907. Underground party activities led in St. Petersburg, Tula, Nikolaev, Samara and other cities. In 1917 he graduated from the Samara city school. After the February Revolution of 1917, he was the chairman of the factory committee of the largest Pipe Plant, the chairman of the Pipe District Committee of the RSDLP (b) and a member of the executive committee of the Samara Soviet. Since October 1917, he was the chairman of the All-Russian Committee of Workers of Artillery Plants and a member of the Board of Artillery Plants. Member of the October armed uprising in Petrograd. Then he headed the Samara City Council. In June 1918 he participated in the defense of Samara from the White Czechs. In July - October 1918, the military commissar of the 2nd Simbirsk rifle regiment of the 1st consolidated Simbirsk division. From October 1918 in the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. Since April 1919, the chairman of the Samara city executive committee and a member of the provincial committee of the RCP (b). In October 1919 - May 1921 - Deputy Commissioner for Supply of the Caucasian Front, then the North Caucasian Military District. Since October 1921 at trade union work. From 11/27/1923, he was deputy chairman of the established Politburo "a permanent Commission for the fight against moonshine, cocaine, beer and gambling (in particular, loto)". Since 1924, a member of the Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the RCP (b) and People's Commissar of the RCT of the RSFSR. In 1925 - 1926 Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and the North-Western Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In April 1926 - April 1927 Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From 1927 secretary of the Ural Regional Party Committee. In 1929, chairman of the Central Committee of the metalworkers' trade union. From July 1930 to March 1944 he was the first secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions. In July - December 1941, chairman of the Evacuation Council. From June 1942 he was chairman of the Evacuation Commission. He headed the Committee for the Accounting and Distribution of Labor at the Bureau of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. In 1942 - 1945. Chairman of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the Nazi Invaders. The initiator of the creation of the Anglo-Soviet Trade Union Committee, whose main task was to unite the efforts of the trade unions of the two countries to defeat Germany. Participated in the preparation of the conference that laid the foundations of the World Federation of Trade Unions. In February 1944 - March 1946 Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. At the same time, in January 1938 - February 1946, Chairman of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In March 1946 - March 1953 Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He replaced M. I. Kalinin at this post. Strongly inferior to him in fame. Unlike him, he received petitioners extremely rarely. Occupying the highest post in the country according to the Constitution, he was a born bureaucrat, he liked to work with the apparatus. He himself was engaged in the selection of personnel, hired, imposed penalties, reduced and increased wages. Initiator of an unsuccessful campaign to increase the role of the Soviets in the field. On March 26, 1947, he signed a decree initiated by I. V. Stalin on the abolition of the death penalty in the country. In 1948 - 1949 not a single death sentence has been handed down in the country. On January 12, 1950, he signed a new decree on the restoration of the death penalty. He headed the Committee for the development and organization of events related to the 70th anniversary of IV Stalin (December 1949). He proposed to establish the Order of Stalin. A statute was developed, a sample was prepared at the Mint. After reviewing it, I. V. Stalin said that this award should not be introduced during his lifetime. At the last during the life of I. V. Stalin, the 19th Party Congress (October 1952), he was introduced to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. On the day of I. V. Stalin's death on March 5, 1953, he was relieved of the post of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which was taken by K. E. Voroshilov, transferred from members to candidates to members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU and appointed chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, where he worked until February 1956 In December 1953, he was a member of the Special Judicial Presence of the Supreme Court of the USSR, which tried L.P. Beria. Member of the Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU to investigate the repressions of the Stalin period, formed on December 31, 1955 under the chairmanship of P. N. Pospelov. In February 1956 - November 1962 - Chairman of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the CPSU. He supervised the rehabilitation of party and state leaders who were shot in the 30s. In 1957 he was again introduced to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. At the June (1957) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which crushed the "anti-party group", V. M. Molotov told him: "Don't be Shkiryatov." He headed the commission of the XXII Congress of the CPSU (October 1961) for the reburial of I.V. Stalin. According to the testimony of the former head of the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, N. S. Zakharov, he ordered the Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor to be removed from his uniform and the gold buttons to be replaced with brass ones. When the body of I. V. Stalin, taken out of the Mausoleum, was placed in a wooden coffin and covered with a lid, he sobbed. In November 1962 - March 1966 - Chairman of the Party Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU. On June 26, 1964, he sent N.S. Khrushchev a certificate “On the verification of the charges brought in 1937 by the judicial and party bodies of vols. Tukhachevsky, Yakir, Uborevich and other military figures, in treason, terror and military conspiracy. The certificate proved that the charges against this group of military men were falsified. Since April 1966 he has been a personal pensioner of federal significance. Member of the USSR Central Executive Committee of the 2nd - 7th convocations. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st - 6th convocations. Hero of Socialist Labor (1958). Awarded five Orders of Lenin. Didn't have much popularity. He did not differ in scope or boldness of decisions. The ashes were buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

During the Civil War, he dealt with the supply of the Red Army. In 1924 he was appointed People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection of the RSFSR and a member of the Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the RCP(b). At the XIV Party Congress in December 1925 he was elected a member of the Central Committee. In 1925-1926. worked as secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee. Further success in the party career was associated with the election of Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (April 9, 1926 - April 16, 1927) and a member of the Orgburo (April 9, 1926 - April 16, 1927). In 1927 he was released from work in the Secretariat and the Organizing Bureau, and sent to the Urals to work as the secretary of the regional party organization (1927-1928). He proved to be a consistent supporter of industrialization and returned to Moscow in 1929 as chairman of the Central Committee of the metalworkers' trade union. Again nominated as a candidate member of the Orgburo (November 17, 1929 - June 26, 1930). After the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, he was elected a member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee (July 13, 1930 - March 18, 1946) and a candidate member of the Central Committee Secretariat (July 13, 1930 - January 26, 1934). Since that time, Shvernik's work has been closely connected with the trade unions. In 1930 he was elected First Secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (July 1930 - March 1944).

Elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1938-1966), Shvernik took part in the organization of the new Soviet legislative body and was elected Chairman of the Council of Nationalities (January 12, 1938 - February 10, 1946). After the XVIII Party Congress, he was approved as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee (March 22, 1939 - October 5, 1952). During the Great Patriotic War, he was responsible for the evacuation of Soviet industry to the eastern regions of the USSR, was the chairman of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the Nazi Invaders (November 2, 1942 - June 9, 1951). In 1944 he was elected First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (February 1, 1944 - March 19, 1946) and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (March 4, 1944 - June 25, 1946).

After M.I. Kalinin retired, Shvernik replaced him as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (March 19, 1946 - March 15, 1953). As a result of the transformation of the Politburo into the Presidium of the Central Committee, Shvernik was elected a member of the Presidium (October 16, 1952 - March 5, 1953), but the death of I.V. Stalin caused Shvernik to leave the main party and government posts. A joint meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR recommended that Shvernik be removed from the post of nominal head of the Soviet state. By the decision of the Joint Meeting, Shvernik was also transferred to the candidate membership of the Presidium of the Central Committee (March 5, 1953 - June 29, 1957). Acting in accordance with the recommendation, the session of the Supreme Council elected K.E. Voroshilov as the new head of state (March 15, 1953). Shvernik returned to work in the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, as chairman of this body (March 1953 - February 1956). With the strengthening of the power of N.S. Khrushchev, Shvernik was appointed chairman of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the CPSU (February 1956 - November 1962), and then chairman of the party commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU (November 1962 - March 1966), where he dealt with the rehabilitation of victims of political repression . In 1957 he was returned to the ranks of the members of the Presidium of the Central Committee (June 29, 1957 - March 29, 1966). After the XXIII Congress of the CPSU, he left political activity due to his advanced age.

Shvernik N.M.

Years of life: 1888-1970

From the biography:

• Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik- a prominent Soviet political figure.
• Born into a working family. He graduated from a parochial school and a vocational school.
• Since 1905 - a member of the RSDLP (b), a Bolshevik. He did a lot of promotional work.
• In 1910-1911 he was a member of the board of the metalworkers' union in St. Petersburg.

For propaganda work he was exiled to Tula, then exiled to Samara, to Saratov. He met the February Revolution in Samara, where he returned after exile. It was here that he began to engage in trade union work.

• Since October 1917 - Chairman of the All-Russian Committee of Workers of Artillery Plants and a member of the Board of Artillery Plants.
• He took an active part in the Civil War: in June 1918 - against the Czechoslovak Corps. In 1918 - Commissar of the regiment of the Siberian Division, which overthrew the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly - the anti-Bolshevik government.
• From 1919 - Chairman of the Samara City Executive Committee.
• In 1919-1921 he was in leadership positions, was engaged in supplying the army in the Caucasus. His tasks included the procurement of everything necessary for the army, the provision of enterprises with raw materials, the production and repair of weapons, the supply of military equipment and uniforms.
• Since 1921 - in trade union work. As a result, in 1930 became first secretary of the VTsSP(until 1944)
• Since 1937, he began his work in Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, at first he was a member, and since 1944 - Chairman of the Presidium. From 1946- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
• During the Great Patriotic War, N.M. Shvernik was at the head of Evacuation Council. He was engaged in the evacuation of factories to the east of the country.
• He continued to work in the union. He was the initiator of the creation of the Anglo-Soviet Committee of Trade Unions, which marked the beginning of the World Federation of Trade Unions.

The main activities of N.M. Shvernik and their results

Activities during the reign of I.V. Stalin

(1924-1953)

• By 1924, when I.V. Stalin became the head of state, N.M. Shvernik had behind him years of revolutionary struggle, participation in the Civil War. He was a Bolshevik with extensive experience in party work.
• In the initial period of the reign of I. Stalin, N. Shvernik was on trade union work. It was he who headed the main body of the trade unions - AUCCTU, was his first secretary in 1930 -1944. He was a hardworking, executive person. Not possessing a pronounced initiative, he was convenient for I. Stalin precisely as a conscientious and responsible performer with extensive experience in organizational work.
• The tasks of the trade unions were concentrated on the development of mass socialist competition - shock work (since 1935, the Stakhanov movement), on organizing production meetings, mobilizing the masses to fulfill and overfulfill the tasks of the five-year plans, on helping the countryside by sending work brigades, creating sponsorship societies, sending 25 thousand (actually 27,000) workers for permanent work in collective farms. That is, economic tasks prevailed, and not the protection of the interests of workers, which should be the main thing in the activities of trade unions. N. Shvernik fully supported I.V. Stalin.
• In the very first years, N. Shvernik began to pursue a policy outlined by I. Stalin, according to unionization, they began to be divided into small organizations, which was convenient, since at that time there was a purge in the trade unions, personnel were replaced with new ones. Stalin sought to weaken the influence of trade unions on the country's politics. Trade unions did not play a significant role during the period of totalitarian rule. They were necessary as a means of mobilizing the masses to solve important economic problems of the country.
• However, the importance of trade unions cannot be underestimated. Despite their nationalization, the trade unions disposed of huge public funds, managed social insurance, organized sanatorium treatment and recreation for workers, recreation and rehabilitation of children. On behalf of the state, the trade unions led the technical labor inspectorate, carried out mass cultural and sports work, and were the main distributors of public consumption funds. They performed this work socially responsibly, fairly and professionally. And this is a considerable merit of Nikolai Mikhailovich Shvernik.
• During the Great Patriotic War, on June 24, 1941, N.M. Shvernik was appointed at the head of the Evacuation Council factories to the east. In the period from June 1941 to the end of 1942, a huge amount of work was carried out to evacuate about 3,000 factories, about 17 million people to the Urals, Central Asia, and Siberia, and the work of enterprises in new places was resumed. This work required great organizational skills, the ability to manage and lead the masses of people. N. Shvernik had such an experience.
• Since 1944, N.M. Shvernik was engaged in state and party work. 1944-1946 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR
• 1946-1953 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

In this way, during the reign of I.V. Stalin, N.M. Shvernik played an important role as a trade union, party and statesman, supporting the policy pursued by I. Stalin.

Activities during the reign of N.S. Khrushchev

(1953-1964)

• In March 1953, N.M. Shvernik again returned to the trade unions and worked there as chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions until March 1956.
• 1956-1966 - Chairman of the Party Control Committee under the Central Committee of the CPSU
• 1957-1966 - Member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU
• 1958 - Hero of Socialist Labor
• Dealt with issues of rehabilitation of victims of political repressions
• He headed the commission for the reburial of I.V. Stalin.

In this way, during the reign of N.S. Khrushchev, N.M. Shvernik continued to play a prominent role in the trade union, party and state policy of the country.

Material for a historical essay

This material can be used in preparation for assignment No. 25, for writing a historical essay on the era of I.V. Stalin and N.S. Khrushchev.

Material prepared: Melnikova Vera Alexandrovna