Marine fleet of the Russian Federation. Russian Navy: overview, features and interesting facts. Modernity and prospects

The above tables do not include ships, boats and submarines assigned to the combat strength of the fleets and its formations, but transferred under a leasing agreement to third countries. Also, onboard combat boats and boats cataloging of which is technically impossible.

The above tables include ships, boats and submarines formally decommissioned and excluded from combat strength fleet and its formations awaiting disposal, but having on board a reduced crew and a military pennant navy.

The above tables are not included due to the insignificance for the analysis of the combat state of the fleet and the technical impossibility of cataloging ships, boats and elements of the transport or storage infrastructure of ultra-low displacement that do not have tail numbers, are non-self-propelled, airborne, are ships providing basing points or, in general, thematically not relevant this article. These include: landing stages, firewalls, boats, pontoons, floating moorings, floating degaussing stands, floating power supply stations, floating charging stations, floating heating stations, small and large ship shields, training sailboats-barges, boats, target drivers and target boats, onboard boats, small hydrographic boats, motorboats, sports yachts (of military sports clubs), non-self-propelled dry-cargo and tanker barges; floating warehouses (stock storage vessels); and ships assigned to shipyards (offshore floating workshops, floating technical bases and water tankers - storage of nuclear waste).

In the statistical calculation of the percentage of weapons for the indicated periods, in total and separately by fleets, the factors of allocation of funding and the actual start of work long before the indicated dates of the ship laying ceremonies and, accordingly, their entry into service, were not taken into account. Also, the facts of completing the construction of ships from previously created hull reserves of the previous period were not taken into account.

The Russian Navy was created to provide security maritime borders states and demonstrations of military power in the international arena. The possibility of political influence in the world depends on how seriously other countries will take our fleet. That is why the country's leadership has always paid Special attention for the development of the fleet.

History reference

Great contribution to the development of the fleet Russian Empire introduced by Peter I, who was a great admirer of the sea and ships. During his reign, the first large warships, equipped at that time with modern weapons, appeared. Thanks to this, Russia managed to defend many of its lands, both from the north and from the south.

During the existence Soviet Union Was built a large number of heavy warships, many of which continue to perform their functions today.

Structure and deployment of the Russian Navy

Submarines

Submarines are divided into the following types:

• Multi-purpose diesel-electric submarines - types "Halibut", "Varshavyanka" and "Lada" - in this moment 18 ships are in service. Carry in themselves cruise missiles"Caliber", anti-ship missiles ZM-54 and "Onyx", mine-torpedo weapons.
• Missile submarines strategic purpose"Kalmar" and "Dolphin" types - 10 units, which are equipped with R-29R and R-29RM ballistic missiles, SET-65, SAET-60M and 53-65K torpedoes, Vodopad PLUR.
• Nuclear torpedo submarines, including those equipped with cruise missiles, of the Pike, Shark, Barracuda, Condor, Antey, Pike-B and Ash types. Total ships in service - 17 units. In service are cruise and anti-ship missiles "Caliber", S-10 "Granat" and "Onyx", self-guided torpedoes USET-80.
• SSBN "Borrey" - 3 ships, including solid-propellant ballistic missiles "Bulava", torpedoes 533 mm and 324 mm, cruise missiles "Onyx" and "Caliber", etc.

destroyers

The Russian fleet has 6 escort destroyers of the Sarych project, which carry the following weapons:

• Missiles P-270 "Mosquito", SAM "Hurricane";
• Anti-submarine RBU-1000;
• Torpedoes SET-65.

Battleships

Latest battleships were in service with the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of Soviet power this species vessels were not produced due to lack of need.

Frigates

Russian frigates of project 22350 are under construction. On the this moment 8 ships have been ordered, 2 of which have already been launched and are being tested. Planned weapons: ZRAK "Broadsword", anti-ship missiles ZM55, air defense systems "Redut", PLR 91R2, PTZ "Planet-NK" and others.

boats

Speaking of missile boats, which are also called light corvettes, we mean types 12411T "Lightning-1" and 12411 "Lightning-1". The total number is 26 units. Missile weapons includes P-15 Termit anti-ship missile launchers, P-120 Moskit anti-ship missile launchers, Strela-3 MANPADS and Kortik air defense systems.

minesweepers

Russian minesweepers are gradually leaving the armament of Russia, as their functions are performed by modern submarines. The ships currently located include the RBU-1200 installations, the Igla and Strela-3 air defense systems.

Corvettes

Corvettes of project 20380 began to be produced in 2001, at the moment there are 5 ships in service, which include the Uran SCRC, the Kortik-M air defense system, and the Redut air defense system. At the end of 2018, it is planned to commission an amphibious corvette of project 20385.

The fleet has always been the pride of our state - both in the times of the Russian Empire, and the USSR, and in modern times. We know that our sea, ocean expanses, coastlines are reliably protected. We invite you to talk about what Russian fleet in modern times. We learn about its tasks, structure, prospects, command.

Russian fleet

This is what is called now, in the days of the Russian Federation, the successor to the Navy of the USSR, the Navy of the Russian Empire, the naval forces of our country. Leads his modern history since January 1992. The Navy is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The main headquarters of the Russian fleet is located in the northern capital - St. Petersburg. The current admiral is Vladimir Korolev. In 2016, 148 thousand people served in the ranks of the Navy.

The Russian fleet in its short history managed to take part in a number of military operations:

• First and second Chechen wars.
• Armed conflict in 2008 South Ossetia.
• Fight against Somali pirates.
• Participation in the Syrian military operation.

Russian Fleet Day is the last Sunday in July. This is professional holiday and those standing guard over the open spaces and coastlines, and all those who have connected their lives with the preparation of ships, and members of the families of sailors, and workers, employees of naval enterprises, and dear veterans of the Navy.

Goals of the Russian Navy

In its activities, the Russian fleet pursues following goals:

Associations of the Navy

The Russian fleet is represented by the following components - see table.

We continue to disassemble the system of the Russian fleet.

Structure of the Russian Navy

The naval forces of the Russian Federation are a system of operational-strategic formations. Let's get to know them briefly.

Surface forces. This structure has the following tasks:

• Protection of sea lanes.
• Confrontation of mine danger (including setting minefields).
• Cover and transportation of troops.
• Assistance to submarine forces: ensuring the exit and deployment of the latter, as well as their return to base.

underwater forces. The main goals are reconnaissance activities, as well as the application unexpected blows for continental and maritime targets. Their basis is nuclear submarines, which are equipped with cruise and ballistic missiles.

Naval aviation. Represented by two groups - coastal and deck. The main tasks are the following:

Naval coastal troops. Consists of two divisions - marines and coastal defense forces. They have two main tasks:

• Participation in combat operations as part of air, sea, airborne assault forces.
• Defense of objects on the coast - ports, coastal objects, basing systems.

Other divisions. The Russian navy also includes:

• Subdivisions and parts of the rear.
• Special parts.
• Hydrographic Service. It belongs to the Directorate of Oceanography and Navigation Russian Ministry defense.

Command

Let's get acquainted with the command of the Navy:

Modernity and prospects

The Russian Navy reached its peak of power in 1985. Then it included 1561 ships. The fleet occupied an honorable second place in the world (after the USA). In the 2000s, its gradual weakening began. As a result, in 2010 the Russian fleet owned only 136 warships.

In 2011, the former commander V.P. Komoyedov bitterly noted that the superiority of one Turkish fleet over the domestic one is estimated at 4.7 times. And the combined forces of NATO are 20 times stronger. The main tasks of the fleet were only the protection of the coast and the fight against maritime terrorism.

But in our time, Russia has already resumed its naval presence in the oceans. In 2014, the National Defense Control Center of the Russian Federation was founded. The objectives of its activities are as follows:

In 2013, the Operational Command of the Permanent Mediterranean Unit of the Russian Navy (Mediterranean Squadron) was created.

As for development prospects, the State Armaments Program until 2020 plans to allocate about 4.5 trillion rubles to the Navy for these purposes. Active funding has already begun in 2015. One of the main tasks is to increase the number of warships in the Navy by 70%.

Fleet Russian Federation is still the pride of our Fatherland. Today it is going through difficult times - it is in the process of rebirth, striving for its former power.

Navy(Navy) or naval forces(Navy) of a state is called a type, the purpose of which is to carry out combat or training operational, tactical and strategic objectives in the seas and oceans.

Navy It has combat capabilities solve assigned tasks independently (destruction of ground, surface, air and underwater targets) or in cooperation with other branches of the armed forces (landing, support of ground forces).

Composition of the Navy

AT composition of the navy includes the submarine and surface fleet, naval aviation, coastal defense missile and artillery troops and marine infantry units. As well as support vessels, service and special units (intelligence, search and rescue, technical, hydrographic, engineering, radio engineering, chemical service, etc.).

The submarine fleet is designed to search for and eliminate submarines, destroy ground and surface targets independently and in cooperation with other naval forces. The surface fleet, in addition to searching for and destroying underwater and surface targets, as well as a number of other tasks, provides for the landing of amphibious assault forces, detects and neutralizes sea mines.

Naval aviation provides cover for fleet ships and conducts reconnaissance. It searches and is capable of destroying underwater, surface and ground targets.
cover the coast and coastal communications.
Special and service parts provide combat activity all units of the fleet.

As part of the navy, ships and vessels differ in purpose. This is warships, combat boats, ships special purpose, offshore support vessels, raid vessels and support boats.

Warships and boats make up the combat strength of the Navy, which is intended directly for solving combat missions.

Special-purpose ships include special-purpose submarines, control ships, training and reconnaissance ships.

Support vessels include ships that provide combat training, medical service, radiation and chemical safety, transport, rescue and hydrographic purposes.

The Russian Navy has 203 surface ships and 71 submarines, including 23 nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. The defense capability of Russia at sea is provided by modern and powerful ships.

"Peter the Great"

The heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great is the world's largest non-aircraft-carrying strike ship. Capable of destroying groups of enemy aircraft carriers. The only afloat cruiser of the famous Soviet project 1144 Orlan. Built at the Baltic Shipyard and launched in 1989. Commissioned after 9 years.

For 16 years, the cruiser has traveled 140,000 miles. Flagship Northern Fleet Russian Navy, port of registry - Severomorsk.
With a width of 28.5 meters, it has a length of 251 meters. Full displacement 25860 tons.
Two nuclear reactors with a capacity of 300 megawatts, two boilers, turbines and gas turbine generators are capable of providing energy to a city with a population of 200,000. Can reach speeds up to 32 knots, cruising range is not limited. The crew of 727 people can be in autonomous navigation for 60 days.
Armament: 20 SM-233 launchers with P-700 Granit cruise missiles, firing range - 700 km. Anti-air complex"Reef" S-300F (96 vertical launch missiles). Air defense system"Dagger" with a stock of 128 missiles. Gun mount AK-130. Two anti-submarine missile and torpedo systems "Waterfall", anti-torpedo complex "Udav-1M". Rocket bombing installations RBU-12000 and RBU-1000 "Smerch-3". Three Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters can be based on board.

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov"

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (project 11435). Built at the Black Sea Shipyard, launched in 1985. He bore the names "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Since 1991, he became part of the Northern Fleet. Nes military service in the Mediterranean, participated in rescue operation at the death of the Kursk. Three years later, according to the plan, it will go for modernization.
The length of the cruiser is 302.3 meters, the total displacement is 55,000 tons. Max Speed- 29 knots. A crew of 1960 can stay at sea for a month and a half.
Armament: 12 anti-ship missiles Granit, 60 Udav-1 missiles, 24 Klinok air defense systems (192 missiles) and Kashtan (256 missiles). It can carry 24 Ka-27 helicopters, 16 Yak-41M supersonic VTOL aircraft and up to 12 Su-27K fighter jets.

"Moscow"

"Moskva", guards missile cruiser. Multipurpose ship. Built at the shipyards of the plant named after 61 Communards in Nikolaev. It was originally called "Glory". Commissioned in 1983. Flagship Black Sea Fleet Russia.
Participated in the military conflict with Georgia, in 2014 carried out the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy.
With a width of 20.8 meters, it has a length of 186.4 meters and a displacement of 11,490 tons. Maximum speed 32 knots. Cruising range up to 6000 nautical miles. The crew of 510 people can be in the "autonomy" for a month.
Armament: 16 P-500 Bazalt mounts, two AK-130 gun mounts, six AK-630 6-barrel gun mounts, B-204 S-300F Rif air defense systems (64 missiles), Osa-MA air defense system launchers (48 missiles), torpedo tubes, RBU-6000 rocket launchers, Ka-27 helicopter.
A copy of the "Moscow" - the cruiser "Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.

"Dagestan"

Patrol ship "Dagestan" was commissioned in 2012. Built at the Zelenodolsk shipyard. In 2014, it was transferred to the Caspian Flotilla. This is the second ship of project 11661K, the first - "Tatarstan" is the flagship of the Caspian Fleet.
"Dagestan" has a more powerful and modern weapons: universal RK "Caliber-NK", which can use several types of high-precision missiles (firing range is more than 300 km), ZRAK "Palma", AU AK-176M. Equipped with stealth technology.
With a width of 13.1 meters, "Dagestan" has a length of 102.2 meters, a displacement of 1900 tons. Can reach speeds up to 28 knots. The crew of 120 people can be in autonomous navigation for 15 days.
Four more such ships have been laid down at the shipyards.

"Persistent"

The flagship of the Baltic Fleet, the destroyer Nastoychivy, was built at the Zhdanov Leningrad Shipyard and launched in 1991. Designed to destroy ground targets, anti-aircraft and anti-ship defense formations.
With a width of 17.2 meters, it has a length of 156.5 meters and a displacement of 7940 tons. The crew of 296 people can stay at sea without calling at the port for up to 30 days.
The destroyer carries a KA-27 helicopter. It is equipped with twin AK-130/54 gun mounts, AK-630 six-barrel mounts, P-270 Moskit mounts, six-barreled rocket launchers, two Shtil air defense systems and torpedo tubes.

"Yury Dolgoruky"

Atomic Submarine"Yuri Dolgoruky" (the first submarine of project 955 "Borey") was laid down in 1996 in Severodvinsk. Commissioned in 2013. Port of registry - Gadzhiyevo. Part of the Northern Fleet.
The length of the boat is 170 meters, the underwater displacement is 24,000 tons. Maximum surface speed - 15 knots, underwater - 29 knots. Crew 107 people. It can carry out combat duty for three months without entering the port.
"Yuri Dolgoruky" carries 16 ballistic missiles"Bulava", equipped with PHR 9R38 "Igla", 533-mm torpedo tubes, six installations of acoustic countermeasures REPS-324 "Barrier". In the coming years, six more submarines of the same class will be built at Russian shipyards.

"Severodvinsk"

Multi-purpose nuclear submarine "Severodvinsk" became the first submarine of the new Russian project 855 "Ash". The most "quiet" submarine in the world. Built in Severodvinsk. In 2014, it became part of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Port of registry - Zapadnaya Litsa.
With a width of 13.5 meters, it has a length of 119 meters, an underwater displacement of 13,800 tons,
Surface speed "Severodvinsk" is 16 knots, underwater - 31 knots. Endurance of navigation - 100 days, crew - 90 people.
It has a modern silent nuclear reactor of a new generation. The submarine is equipped with ten torpedo tubes, P-100 Oniks, Kh-35, ZM-54E, ZM-54E1, ZM-14E cruise missiles. Carries X-101 strategic cruise missiles and can hit targets within a radius of up to 3,000 kilometers. Until 2020, Russia plans to build six more Yasen-class submarines.