Pioneer means first.
The pioneer organization was founded on May 19, 1922 by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol to organize children aged 9 to 14 years. At the Fifth Congress of the Komsomol, laws and customs of young pioneers, a solemn promise, and a regulation on a pioneer organization are adopted. The pioneer organization can be called a school of political activity. The pioneers helped adults build a new, just and happy life.

More than one generation of guys passed through the pioneer organization. The ability to make friends and help each other, the ability to work and fulfill one's duty to the team, the ability to love the Motherland - Soviet people absorbed all these qualities from the pioneer organization.

"Land of the Pioneer" - what it was like in our republic, what causes pioneers of different years and generations gave their hot hearts, minds and all their strength to.

Pioneer devoted to the motherland, party, communism.

Pioneer preparing to become a member of the Komsomol.

Pioneer keeps alignment with the heroes of struggle and labor.

Pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and is preparing to become the defender of the Motherland.

Pioneer persistent in learning, work and sports.

Pioneer- an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly stands for the truth.

Pioneer- comrade and leader of the October.

Pioneer- a friend to the pioneers and children of working people of all countries.

I (last name, first name), joining the ranksAll-Union Pioneer

organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin,

in front of your comradessolemnly promise:

passionately love your homeland,live, learn and fight,

as the great Lenin bequeathed,

as the communist party teaches,

always fulfillLaws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.

Decree of the Soviet government dated October 29, 1917 child labor was banned. For teenagers from the age of 14, a 6-hour working day is established. Night and overtime work is prohibited. The doors of all educational institutions opened before them.

Summer 1918 the enemies of the young Soviet Republic began a civil war.

In Izhevsk and Votkinsk, children's communist organizations were born - the "House of the Young Proletarian" (DUP).

When senior comrades united Communist Union Youth, then the craving for him inquisitive, energetic, recklessly brave guys turned out to be boundless. But the obstacle to joining the RKSM for 10-12-year-old youths was its Charter. His older brother, the Komsomol, came to the rescue. The Izhevsk residents allocated one of the rooms for the children, and most importantly, they sent a sincere, enterprising and cheerful leader to the children - Kiryakov, a Komsomol member. Soon the words of the young proletarians' oath were heard: "Fight for the advice of workers, peasants and soldiers' deputies, be reliable and faithful assistants to the Komsomol and Bolsheviks, always be brave and truthful."

What did the young pioneers do? - Helped adults build a new life.

The children eagerly listened to stories about Lenin, the Red Army, the Komsomol, went on campaigns, participated in subbotniks, military games held by the Komsomol.

November 4, 1920 By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the formation of the Udmurt Autonomous Region was proclaimed. The civil war ended, but the difficulties of the post-war devastation were multiplied by a lean summer, and the 1921 famine year came.

The Party called on the people to fight ruin and hunger, to take paternal care for children. The Vyatka Provincial Committee of the Komsomol appealed: “Young people, do you hear? Little orphans need your help, your support, whose fathers and mothers fell victim on the fronts of the civil war or were buried alive, burned on barges, shot or hung on telegraph poles by the White Guards. Now they are the children of the Republic. They need bread, they need shelter. They need light and warmth. They need affection, hello. These children are the future builders of a new life, the creators of the future Commune. But they need to be educated, nurtured, nurtured.” (Pioneer chronicle. Kirov, 1972, p. 20.)

Thousands of youngsters filled the labor exchanges. 137 orphanages were opened for orphans. 1181 teenagers were accepted to the factories of Izhevsk. A special dining room was opened for them. Thanks to the efforts of the Izhevsk Komsomol members, 150 children became the first students of the Factory Apprenticeship School (FZU).

May 17, 1923 the date of the decision of the presidium of the regional executive committee on the recognition of the organization of detachments of young pioneers as necessary and deserving of any encouragement.

The date of the decision became the birthday of the Udmurt Regional Pioneer Organization.

A memorable event took place in a picturesque corner near Vazhnina Klyuch, near Izhevsk. Here everything was first - and the pioneer camp in huts, where 45 pioneers had already lived all July, and the ruler lined up around the pioneer fire, and for the first time the words of a solemn promise were heard in the face of senior comrades - communists, Komsomol members, factory workers.

Pioneer! Fight homelessness! Appeals, concerts, demonstrations, mass holidays, evenings, camping trips played scouts, they loved to compete for the best runner, cook, doctor.

Teaching was the password of those years! Learned and taught others. One got tired, another one sat down to take his place at the primer with his grandmother. What our students did not reward - pies, apples, jam, tears.

By the mid-20s, the country's economy was restored. The results of the medical examination of children showed: 60% of children are anemic, 70% have suffered measles, scarlet fever and other contagious diseases. The participants of the regional meeting of pioneer workers in 1926 decided: health promotion, physical education, problems of everyday life and education - the first place in the work.

In the 20s the craze started sports. The Komsomol put forward the slogan "Give physical education!". But the leader had nothing to give to the pioneers. He had neither the material base nor coaching skills.

Since 1926 the hobby for pyramids and floor exercises began. At all holidays and rallies one could hear a call like this:

Fool - drop it! Smoke - drop it!

Physical culture build!

In 1932 The Central Bank of the DKO proposed to begin preparations for mass sports holidays on the basis of the TRP complex. Began a systematic all-encompassing work to master the secrets of sportsmanship.

Pioneer history 20's captured numerous hut towns in the picturesque places of Udmurtia. But the romance of camp life had difficulties. Fir spruce branches served as a bed and a roof. Homemade products were delivered by boat. Lunches were cooked in a makeshift oven dug into the side of a cliff. Potatoes were baked on a fire. There were not enough products. Gathered berries, mushrooms, sorrel, wild rose.

Since 1926 code favorite "potato" becomes a song of pioneer history.

The most enthusiastic response to the Motherland's care for the health of children was given by the first Artek residents. The All-Union camp opened in 1925, and the next summer it hosts 70 Ural pioneers.

The struggle on the health front was integral part the cultural revolution that began in the country. Its scale was expanded by the front of enlightenment of the masses.

Campaign against illiteracy was the central issue of the Cultural Revolution. In the reading huts they wrote in large letters:

It's time, comrade grandfather,

It's time, comrade grandmother,

Sit down at the primer.

The older pioneers taught literacy in circles for the elimination of illiteracy (literacy programs), while the younger ones taught at home. They had one more duty - to make sure that the illiterate did not miss classes, to prepare chalk, a rag, chairs for the beginning of them. Often we had to make benches ourselves. The pioneer received a task: if there is an illiterate person in his family, teach him to write and read, help a neighbor.

The 1st All-Union Gathering of Pioneers “Forward, Constricted Detachments!” The rally assessed the work of the pioneers during the years of the first five-year plan.

The pioneers of the 30s comprehended the letter according to the words "five-year plan", "drummer", "collective farm", "industry". The delegates of the regional gathering of pioneer shock workers (1932) remembered for the rest of their lives an excursion to the Izhevsk Arms Plant. The power of the industry was imprinted in my memory: huge workshops, fountains of flaming metal sparks, the bed of a fiery river and breathing rolled metal. The guys really realized that the end of the economic difficulties of the state is near. There will be, soon there will be sugar, and tea, and White bread, and home-made canvas slippers with hemp rope soles will go down in history.

These were the years of giant new buildings, the Bolshevik Party needed financial resources and an accelerated pace of work. Social competition, Stakhanov movement. Campaigning for the purchase of government bonds.

The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in its resolution of 1932 "On the Work of the Pioneer Organization", suggested that the detachments resolutely reorganize their work. The activity of the pioneers should be concentrated in the school in order to lead the children's collective in the struggle for knowledge and conscious discipline, to help rebuild the school on a polytechnical basis, and to develop children's interest in science, technology, production, and broad creativity.

The meeting raised high the problem of deep and solid knowledge. The first-born of industry and the collective farm system needed ideologically mature, educated, cultural graduates of schools, universities and technical schools were waiting for them. In order to lead the children's collective in carrying out one of the most important tasks of socialist construction, the pioneer organization completely transferred to the school.

We are the children of the proletariat

We are given an order by the country:

In the plan of the great five years

Our curriculum is included...

Gathering all the squads

Blow, bugler, into your trumpet!

Bully and lazy

We declare a fight.

The main order of the rally sounded succinctly: for knowledge!

The pioneer organization actively entered school life, groups for the training of counselors were organized at the Glazov Pedagogical School, Yak-Body, Multan.

Pioneer mentors study, and in 1940 they pass an exam for the certificate "Senior counselor of young pioneers." So the senior counselor came to the school.

The forms of pioneer work are deepened and improved. Circles, research, experiments, scripts, literary evenings in libraries became indispensable companions of study.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Osipov is associated with the history of the creation of the first children's technical stations. The beginning in 1932 was laid by the Izhevsk DTS. Headed by master educators N.N. Yuminov and V.L. Soviet Union A. Zarovnyaev, L. Rykov and twice Hero of the Soviet Union E. Kungurtsev. the boys were also lucky with the bosses - they became factories. The young technicians of Izhevsk set out to speed up the creation of DTS in the cities and regions of the republic. Models of gliders became the assistants of the guys. Their flight at parades and demonstrations or in the halls of party and Komsomol conferences was an excellent agitation, an appeal to promote the development of children's technical creativity. On the day of aviation, the sky of Izhevsk was filled with box kites, air postmen, models of airplanes with a gasoline engine soared. The campaign was a success. In 1935, young technicians from Izhevsk, Glazov, Kez, Sharkan, and Alnasha arrived at the modeling competition.

Youth was in a hurry to live and dream, to know and to be able.

Artistic creativity of children at the beginning In the 30s, only counselors and some teachers led. But then, in 1933, the call signs of the children's radio studio sounded. The children were introduced to the works of classical and Soviet music, literature, helped to learn pioneer songs. The first radio points were only in the clubs of regional centers. The pioneers carried their impressions, new songs, poems, stories to the detachments and native villages. The guys not only listened to the weekly radio broadcast, but also prepared it, accompanying it with a performance by the choir, orchestra, drama club; sent letters of inquiry.

A big step in the development of young talents was the opening of the House of Artistic Education of Children in Izhevsk (DHVD), replacing the kids club. It worked 16 circles of artistic creativity. The house became the center of methodological training of counselors and pioneer activists of the republic. The year of his birth (1935) DKhVD marked the first Olympiad of children's creativity and a gathering of young entertainers.

1937 was a true celebration of young talents. For three days it sparkled with a scattering of nuggets the first republican festival. Resounding folk melodies, fervent dances, virtuoso playing on the balalaika, artistic whistling, sonorous songs freely and beautifully filled the theater hall.

Terrible clouds were advancing from the west and the East in the early 1930s. These years have given rise to the motto of preparation not only for work, but also for defense. He became an integral part new system training and education of schools, detachments.

“Let every pioneer have three defense badges!”

this means,

That I can shoot like Voroshilov,

Ready for sanitary defense

and passed all the standards for a young athlete.

I am proud of my badges and, when necessary, I will apply this knowledge in practice.

The passion for the military game began. The fighters studied defense, studied a gas mask and a small-caliber rifle. Everyone wanted to be heroes.

On December 28, 1934, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the autonomous region was transformed into a republic.

The right of children to education, to rest, the right to participate in the work of public organizations was approved by the flame of the lines of the Constitution of 1936 on the victory of socialism in a country of free and equal rights. In 1936, Spain became the bastion of the first international battle against fascism.

War…

In the country martial law was introduced. Mobilization announced. The hour of courage has struck.

“Our cause is right. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!"

From everywhere, anxious children fled to home school. At rallies, they declared: “The fate of the motherland is our fate! - and determined their place among the defenders.

Now everyone, young and old, must consider himself mobilized. We, the pioneers, Komsomol members, all students of school No. 27, decided to go to work together, where our work can be useful ... ". Helping adults at work, in the household, caring for young children whose fathers went to the front, helping collective farms in the fields.

Echelons with the wounded began to arrive. The hospitals were housed in school buildings. There was a word - evacuated. They went to meet the whole detachment and were placed in apartments.

Gaidar's Timur actively entered the family of Udmurt children. His commands were born along with the release of the book. Timurovets is a very necessary and very honorary title. They learned how to use an ax and a saw, collected cones and brushwood, caressed children, looked after the wounded, carried water, chopped firewood, cleared the roof of snow. During the war years, pioneers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia gave 5,000 concerts in hospitals, glued and sewed tens of thousands of envelopes and packages for medicines. Lovingly, with great desire, the guys collected parcels for the front-line soldiers. They themselves knitted woolen socks, mittens, embroidered pouches, bought presents with the money they earned. In total, during the war, the pioneers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia sent 4,000 parcels.

By November 1, 1941, the guys collected tank "Pioneer of Udmurtia" 150,000 rubles.

During the war years, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League rebuilt the structure of the pioneer organization. Pioneer detachments united into a school team with a headquarters at the head. There were 919 of them in Udmurtia. Pioneer activists were not elected, but appointed. The badge of the young Leninist was an asterisk, like that of a fighter. They made it themselves. The new text of the solemn promise of the pioneer read: “... I hate the fascist invaders with all my heart and will tirelessly prepare myself to defend the Motherland. I swear this by the name of the fighters who gave their lives for our happiness. I will always remember that their blood burns on my pioneer tie and on our red banner.

Teenagers of the villages provided great assistance to the elders in logging work.

The timber was transported to Izhevsk by horse-drawn vehicles, mostly on horseback. The needs of the front demanded the connection of the Volga and the Northern Urals.

During the war, people's construction began railway stretching 146 kilometers from Izhevsk to Balezino. It was built mainly by women and teenagers aged 13-16.

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, pioneers and schoolchildren contributed 924,000 rubles for the construction of the Soviet Schoolchild tank column. Teachers and schoolchildren of Udmurtia contributed 1 million 47 thousand 767 rubles to the country's defense fund. They received thanks from the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief twice.

The war was coming to an end, leaving devastated war-scorched territories. The fate of the children of the liberated regions worried the children of distant Udmurtia. “We, the pioneers, know that the Nazi beasts, forced to retreat under powerful blows Soviet army, destroy everything in its path: school clubs, teaching aids. We ... really want to help our comrades - the guys from the liberated regions. We organized the collection of school supplies and have already collected 400 pens, 5000 pencils, 6 boxes of pens, fiction, paper, dishes, a box teaching aids. Join us guys!" (Newspaper "Leninsky Way" Glazov, 1942, March 18)

From all over the country came echelons of Friendship. 130 wagons with grain, cattle, agricultural tools, gifts from workers and children of Udmurtia went to Belarus. Cities were rebuilt, wastelands were plowed up, schools were restored, the country was strengthened. And the long-awaited day came when, instead of explosions of war, explosions of the Victory salute were heard. Together with the people of the country, his change rejoiced. In step with the fathers, his shift took place. In step with her fathers, she went through all the hardships of the war, caught up with them in heroism, valor, having passed the test of maturity.

Victory! The fighters returned to their native lands. The country was rebuilding its economy. Buildings temporarily occupied by hospitals were returned to schools, but classes were still going on in 2-3 shifts. There were not enough textbooks, visual aids. The Young Communist League called upon the pioneers to direct their efforts towards the struggle for deep and solid knowledge, towards the implementation of universal seven-year education, and the involvement of students in socially useful work. Young Pioneer affairs were led by a Council of Pioneers. The Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League again introduced the election of the pioneer activists. He established pioneer banners in organizations, and red flags in detachments.

Accepting the banner, the pioneers swore an oath to keep it sacred and to multiply the traditions of the Komsomol shift to serve the Fatherland.

Pioneer the call "Let's decorate the Motherland with gardens!" gave rise to the months of the forest and garden. Each pioneer will plant 3 trees, and there will be a garden republic.

At the regional 4th rally (1956), the first competitions of youth voluntary fire brigades of Udmurtia were held (UDPD).

The Central Council of the Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin (CA VPO) developed new "Laws of young pioneers", "An approximate list of skills and abilities" (steps of a young pioneer).

"Satellite of the Seven Year Plan" - the title has become a pioneer symbol of the best detachments and organizations dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin.

Komsomol-pioneer construction is a very responsible business.

All-Union competition of pioneer detachments 1963-1964 dedicated 40th anniversary assigning pioneers and Komsomol named after V.I. Lenin.

Its start was successful. By order of Timur, published in Pionerskaya Pravda, the detachments became crews in this game, the chairmen of the councils - commanders, linkmen - helmsmen and set sail on the "Ocean of useful deeds".

For the pioneers, the 1st front of action is the school. Since 1959, in Udmurtia, instead of seven years, universal eight-year polytechnic education has been introduced. The country is heading towards a gradual transition to a universal secondary with a desk system of education.

FROM 1961 year, republican Olympiads in mathematics and physics became traditional.

From year to year, the creativity of children is expanding. from the first republican rally of young technicians in 1962 to the second in 1965, the number of participants in exhibitions of technical creativity increased by 6,000. First of all, their models replenished the classrooms of schools. Educational workshops became the starting point for children's creativity and acquaintance with the basics of modern production.

The role of the workshops of the 28th school is great in the development of children's creativity. Many pioneer crews of Izhevsk started and finished from them. The start of the starts was put in 1960 year teacher of plumbing Anatoly Vasilyevich Novikov. Soon an amateur PAMK was born ( pioneer car club). They learned motor driving in the car of A.V. Novikov, and the rules of the street - on self-made electrified stands. There was a council of assistance. It included employees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, DOSAAF, veterans of the motor industry, Stakhanovites who made a women's run along the route Izhevsk - Moscow - Izhevsk on the first Izh-7 motorcycles, motorcycle racers.

In 1965 opened young sailors club with real sailing and service. The All-Union Pioneer Zarnitsa will soon lead the enthusiasm for detachments of all branches of the military, and sports fans will become members of the Golden Puck and Leather Ball clubs.

Pioneer-experimenters of the Baiteryakovskaya seven-year school of the Alnashsky district. Under the guidance of a tireless enthusiast, honored school teacher of the RSFSR, owner of the bronze and silver medals of VDNKh L.D. Belousov, they turned the school site into a "green laboratory" of the Iskra collective farm. An orchard was planted near the school, plots for experiments were laid out.

1962 - the first Russian Federation school forestry was created in Udmurtia.

Young foresters of the Sharkan school received an area of ​​500 hectares, elected a council and a forester, made a map and divided it into five forest bypasses. Both the winter cold and the summer heat are checked by foresters and inspectors with their units. They conduct observations and treat pest-infested areas, hang feeders, artificial bird nests, register and breed anthills, and boldly fight poachers. On the way, they read the "forest book" - a living organism of the forest with traces and habits of its inhabitants. And in the spring, new crops of seeds of tree species are being planted in the nursery.

New All-Union Operations Multiplied the Romance of Pioneer Affairs.

Operation participants "Green Arrow" by the end of 1973, a forest was planted on an area of ​​8248 hectares.

The result of the operation "Bird City" there were 52,428 artificial nests.

In operation "Ant" 1121 anthills were registered and propagated.

And the participants in the operation "Spring" during the five-year plan, 712 springs were landscaped and 1,176 springs were registered.

April 22, 1967 The attention of the regional pioneer organization was riveted to open-hearth furnace No. 2. the best steelmaker of Udmurtia, holder of the Order of Lenin, Evgeny Chernykh and his henchmen had 19 young assistants from schools No. 18 of Sarapul, No. 9 and 12 of Glazov, No. 9, 30, 32, 54, 56 of Izhevsk; Kezskaya and Syurekskaya. Here was pioneer melting. Steel from 6852 tons of scrap went to the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Dozens of tractors, hundreds of vehicles, BAM - pioneer rails

Operation "Million Motherland!"- it is not easy to count the pioneer contribution to the heritage of the people.

An important milestone in the development of tourism was the decision of the XII Congress of the Komsomol (1954). tourist and local history work has become one of the effective methods of strengthening the connection between school and life. Children from different schools went on hikes, the first to be led by teachers of geography, history, biology, and physical education. Their activities were directed by the Republican children's excursion and tourist station (RDETS). It was headed by a veteran of tourism and sports Alexey Vladimirovich Yemelyanov. The huge desire of children to hike was confirmed by the gathering of travelers. The decision to hold it was made by the bureau of the regional committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in 1955. The secretary of the regional committee Yu.K.Shibanov was approved as the head, and A.V.Emelyanov was appointed the chief of staff. the first rally… Where to hold it? And the choice fell on the banks of the Kama, where another energy giant was being created. A few years will pass, and the picturesque Nosok Peninsula will flood the new sea. So let the first gathering of travelers perpetuate its beauty. For the first time, the arriving teams experienced the excitement of the tourist relay, the fortress of friendship, the romance of life in nature. Fighting spirit permeated all the work: he was in the relay race, in the amateur competition, at the stake of the meeting with the builders of the Votkinsk giant.

“To the Soviet Motherland, born in October, all our discoveries, all our love!” - urged "Pionerskaya Pravda" in the year of the 40th anniversary of October. The motto marked new stage tourism. Announced 1st All-Union Expedition of Pioneers and Schoolchildren 1956-1957.

The increased passion for tourism and excitement at the Sletov relay races have given rise to a new, youngest type of competition - sports orienteering. The first All-Russian competitions for schoolchildren were held in 1970.“Judges work quickly, posting the control cards of the participants. Strange words are heard: “binding”, “got screwed up on the 5th”, “clung to No. 44 and slipped through the first checkpoint”. There are downcast faces. But the more complex the program and the more stubborn the struggle, the stronger the camaraderie and friendship.

And from the first rally held at the future hydroelectric power station, the chronicle of the great tourism of the Udmurt children began.

Tourism is courage, the will to win and friendship. He combined pride for the land, for his people, childlike inquisitiveness, breadth of knowledge and sportsmanship into one whole.

The noble deeds of the followers of Genka the orderly and Timur are subject to fulfillment principles:

Humane relations and mutual respect between people;

Man to man is a friend, comrade and brother;

Honesty and truthfulness, moral purity, simplicity and modesty in public and private life...

Interesting job young internationalists Izhevsk. They are headed by the city club "Globe". The Globe Council includes the presidents of 34 school KIDs. He organized 6 city festivals of Peace and Friendship, initiated a review of the work of school clubs. In 1976 they held the first republican rally.

At the very beginning of its existence, the Soviet government made efforts to attract young people to its ideology. Already in 1917, the Bolsheviks began to attract scout organizations. However, over time it became obvious that pre-revolutionary organizations, even those sympathetic to socialist ideology, could not become the basis of a mass children's organization. Work began on a new type of children's and youth organization - Pioneer.

Origins of the pioneer movement

In 1917 - 1919 in Soviet Russia there were several scattered scout detachments and organizations that demonstrated loyalty to the new government. Some of them acted under the patronage of the Komsomol. Companion Vera Bonch-Bruevich proposed to unite all scout organizations into a union of Yukists (young communists). For some time, detachments of Yukists did operate under her patronage, but in 1919 the Komsomol ordered the dissolution of all scout organizations. The decision to liquidate the Scout movement did not mean that the Bolsheviks abandoned the idea of ​​a universal children's organization. However, the new community was to be formed not on the initiative from below, like scouts, but according to a scheme approved in advance by the government.

Preparations for the creation of Pioneer

In 1921, work began on a project for a universal children's organization. This process was coordinated by Nadezhda Krupskaya. It was she who came up with the idea of ​​creating an organization "scout in form and communist in content." Instead of the name scouts, a new one was chosen - pioneers. This word was also borrowed from Scout terminology. Scout pioneering was a special kind of training during which they learned to survive far from civilization with a minimum of equipment.

During 1921 - 1922 the form and greeting of the pioneers were developed. Pioneer motto - "Be ready!" - "Always ready!" - was borrowed from scouts without changes. The uniforms of the pioneers and their colors were slightly changed. Instead of dominant Green colour white and blue were chosen for the clothes and red for the pioneer tie.

The creation of the Pioneer and the first pioneer detachments

On February 2, 1922, the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the RSFSR sent a letter to its local organizations with instructions on the creation of pioneer cells. On February 13 of the same year, Komsomol member Mikhail Stremyakov organized the first pioneer squad in Moscow. In March 1922, the Komsomol developed the charter of the new organization, and on May 18, the V Congress of the Komsomol proclaimed the creation of the All-Russian organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak." Six months after the formation of Pioneer, it was proclaimed. So the pioneer movement became all-Union. In 1924, the pioneers were named after Lenin.

Pioneer activities

Formally pioneer organizations were voluntary associations of children at the Komsomol cells. In fact, by the mid-20s. membership in the pioneers became universal, and the pioneer structures merged with the secondary school system. The pioneer detachments coincided with the classes, and the squads coincided with the school. Pioneer leaders became full-time employees of secondary schools. At the same time, the Pioneer Organization had its own property: Pioneer Palaces and recreation camps.

Pioneer organized the collection of recyclables (scrap metal and waste paper), patronage of the elderly, sports competitions and military sports games. Analogues of the pioneer organization existed in all countries of the socialist camp. And they all disappeared with the crash socialist system. Pioneer existed in the USSR until September 28, 1991. On this day, the extraordinary congress of the Komsomol decided to liquidate the Komsomol and the pioneer organization. Their property was nationalized.

Today, the history of the USSR is beginning to attract more and more interest. Someone is trying to find negative points in it, someone is positive. In this article we are talking about the history of the pioneer organization, which in our time causes heated discussions. Especially when questions arise about what to do with children or why the current generation has grown up so irresponsible. There will be no talk about how this organization was useful or harmful, these conclusions must be drawn for yourself.

Origins of the pioneer movement

Surprisingly, the roots of this seemingly pure communist movement go to scouting. Few people know that by 1917 many children's scout associations had been formed in Russia. In general, this organization had about 50 thousand members. On the eve of the Civil War, the scouts provided various social assistance, were the organizers of children's police units, searched for street children.

When Soviet power came to power, the scouting movement began to disintegrate in directions depending on the territory. For example, associations of "Forest Brothers" arose in Kazan and Petrograd, and Moscow society was built on the principles of Baden-Powell. There was also a trend of "Yukism", i.e. "young communists". They tried to combine communist ideology with the principles of scouting. The founder of the Yukist movement was party functionary Vera Bonch-Bruyevich. But in 1919, at the Congress of the RKSM, it was decided to disband all scout detachments.

Krupskaya's proposal

From this moment begins the history of the pioneer organization in the form in which it is remembered. So, after the ban on scout groups, there was an acute shortage of organizations to work with children. The first idea was formulated by N. K. Krupskaya, who delivered a report in November 1921 called “On Boy Scouting”. Soon this speech was published in the form of a small pamphlet, which said that it was necessary to create a children's organization as soon as possible, which would be "scout in form and communist in content."

At first, the leaders of the Komsomol, who negatively perceived scouting, were wary of this proposal. After all, joining the ranks of such, in essence, they preserved the tradition established even under tsarism, which could not but cause concern. However, everything changed when, after another speech by Krupskaya, a special commission was formed. On it, I. Zhukov presented his report, which was positively assessed by the members of the Bureau. Immediately after this, the discussion of the organizational side of the matter began.

At the very beginning of 1922, a proposal was put forward for consideration by the commission to include children in scout organizations, and not Komsomol members, as was originally proposed. At the same time, I. Zhukov proposed to name new organization"pioneer". He borrowed the name from Seton-Thompson. In addition, the pioneer organization took a lot from Scouting. For example, a game form of education, organization by squads, managing children with the help of counselors, elements of symbolism, campfire gatherings. Even the motto "Be ready!" is not original.

First groups

On February 2, 1922, the next step was taken in the development of the history of the pioneer organization. It was on this day in regional centers Letters were sent from the Bureau of the Central Committee about the creation of a children's group at the Komsomol cell. A special bureau had already been created, which included Valery Zorin, a former scoutmaster. It was he who organized the first children's group in one of the boarding schools in Zamoskvorechye. The detachment was called "Young Scouts", but it did not last long. And soon Zorin took up the organization of children at the "Rubber" plant.

In parallel with Zorin, Mikhail Stremyakov, another scoutmaster, began working in the same direction. He organized groups at the factory apprenticeship school at the former printing house of Mashistov. Usually it is this children's group that is called the first pioneer detachment. In the same place, in April, "Drum", the first pioneer magazine, and then "Pionerskaya Pravda" begins to appear.

On March 2, a bureau of children's groups was created, whose task was to develop a charter. It was considered and adopted at the II All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol on May 19. Pioneer Organization Day - this is how this date will later be called. The conference not only agreed on the charter, but also decided to begin the widespread dissemination of pioneer organizations. After that, a special bureau was created to work with children, which included seven people. Among them were I. Zhukov, as well as Krupskaya, in the role of an observer from the party, and Lunacharsky, as an observer from the government.

Widespread distribution and naming

From that moment, pioneer detachments began to actively form throughout the country. At the same time, pioneer symbols are being spread and created. It was in 1922 that the text of one of the most famous pioneer songs was composed - "Fly up the bonfires, blue nights." In Petrograd, the first children's group appeared only on December 3. The Komsomol member Sergei Margo became its organizer. The first four pioneer detachments were created from Russian groups young scouts.

In October, at the next congress of the RKSM, it was decided to unite all pioneer detachments into single organization, which was given the name "Young Pioneers named after Spartak." On the day of Lenin's death, the organization was named after the leader. In 1926, a special decree was issued, which indicated the new name of the children's association, which remained until the last days of its existence. It sounded like "All-Union Pioneer Organization. V. I. Lenin.

Pioneers during WWII

The year of the formation of the pioneer organization became the year of the beginning of a new era in the lives of many children. After 1922, being a pioneer became as honorable as being a Komsomol member. Yes, and to get into the Komsomol, without having been a pioneer, later it became almost impossible.

Gradually, the pioneer organization became inseparable from social life countries. It is not surprising that during the terrible disaster that befell the entire Soviet Union, she did not stand aside.

From the moment the start of the war was announced, the pioneers tried to keep up with the adults in everything and help fight the enemy not only in the rear, but also at the front. Many children joined the underground and partisan detachments. Pioneers became cabin boys on warships, scouts, helped hide the wounded from enemy soldiers, brought provisions to partisans hiding in the forests. Children were rarely taken seriously, so it was easier for them to sneak through or find out secret information.

However, the combat mission did not always end happily for the children. So, four guys were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - Zina, Portnova, Lenya Golikov, Valya Kotikov and Marat Kazei.

After the end of the war, all the names of the dead children were inscribed in official list those who received the title of pioneer heroes.

Post-war stage

The history of the pioneer organization in postwar period as difficult as the history of the whole country. It was necessary to restore what had been destroyed, and here even children's help was of great importance. City children collected scrap metal and waste paper, planted green spaces. More than difficult task- they raised small domestic animals such as birds and rabbits. The best of the little workers were awarded various orders. Children also took part in the harvest, went to work at the factory. In general, wherever there were not enough hands, pioneers were hired. A huge number of healthy men died in the war, so it was not possible to refuse any help. Moreover, children, realizing the need, worked on an equal footing with adults, trying not to yield to them in anything.

Now this seems inhumane, but at that time the pioneers themselves wanted to help. Nobody forced the children to work. Many took on the hard work themselves.

Later years

In 1953, the pioneers of the USSR were almost renamed. After Stalin's death, many suggested that the name of the organization be supplemented. And if earlier the All-Union Pioneer Organization was only named after Lenin, now proposals were made to add the recently deceased leader here. However, after Stalin's personality cult was exposed, this issue was completely settled, and the organization was never renamed.

Since 1955, there has been a tradition to enter the names of outstanding children in a special book of honor. In 1958, the structure of the organization underwent a slight change. Since this year, three levels of development have been introduced, at each of which the child received a special badge. To reach the next stage, the pioneer had to practice special individual program. In doing so, all pioneer work was consolidated into a two-year plan, which was focused on helping the elders fulfill their seven-year plan.

In 1962, the image was changed - Lenin's profile was added to it. This was a sign that the state recognizes the great merits of the pioneer organization. The event was caused by the awarding of the Order of Lenin to the All-Union Pioneer Organization for success in the socialist education of adolescents. Ten years later, in 1972, the children's organization was awarded the same high award again.

By this time, more than 23 million children throughout the Soviet Union were among the pioneers.

Termination of existence

The pioneer organization underwent its first changes during the period of perestroika and the beginning of liberal reforms. At this time, I. N. Nikitin, chairman of the Central Union of the Pioneer Organization, suggested that changes be made to the Pioneer structure in order to democratize it. And already on October 1, 1990, at the 10th All-Union Pioneer Gathering, which was held in Artek, the children's organization was renamed SPO-FDO (Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Organizations). E. E. Chepurnykh was appointed chairman of the new institution. However, he could not independently make changes and reorganize the SPO-FDO. The fact is that he still remained a member of the Komsomol Central Committee. Therefore, no fundamental changes were made.

After the ban on the CPSU, proclaimed in September 1991, an extraordinary congress of the Komsomol was held, at which it was announced that historical role The VLKSM was exhausted, the Komsomol organization was dissolved, and the All-Union Pioneer Organization also ceased to exist. From that day on, May 19, the day of the pioneer organization, was no longer considered a holiday. The country underwent fundamental changes that led to the collapse of many government institutions.

After the final collapse of the USSR, the property of the pioneer organization was confiscated. All the Palaces of Pioneers in the region were redesigned and became "Houses of Children's and Youth Creativity". Most of The pioneer camps ended up in the hands of private traders, who turned them into boarding houses and camp sites. Only a small part of them retained the status of a children's health camp.

What did the pioneers do?

The activity of the pioneer organization has always been aimed at helping the Komsomol and adults. But these were not always peaceful actions. In the early 1930s, they decided to involve the pioneers in the fight against the opponents of Soviet power. This was positioned as a civic duty of every person loyal to the Soviets, including children. Pavlik Morozov was chosen as a model for all pioneers. According to the official version, he informed the authorities on own father, who helped the kulaks, and then spoke out against him in court. For this, Pavlik was killed by his father.

After this tense time, the struggle against anti-Sovietism took on an ideological and propaganda character.

However, the pioneers were engaged not only in ideological education. It is also their responsibility to different time included:

• Collection of scrap metal and waste paper.
• Participation in the review of the system and songs.
• Participation in
• Participation in all-Union sports competitions "Leather Ball", "Golden Puck".
• Conducting sports and military "Zarnitsa".
• Team games with the ball "Pioneerball" and "Sniper".
• They were part of the ranks of young assistant traffic inspectors, as well as youth voluntary fire brigades.
• They organized the "Green Patrol" (they were engaged in the protection of forests), the "Blue Patrol" (they were engaged in the protection of water resources).
• Classes in sports sections and circles.
• Raising service dogs and horses.

Admission procedure

The pioneers accepted children from 9 to 14 years old. Officially, this happened on a voluntary basis. Reception was carried out individually, by voting at the general council of the pioneer detachment. Those who joined the organization on the line took the oath of a pioneer, then they tied a red tie to him and handed him a pioneer badge. Usually the ceremony took place in places of historical and revolutionary memory during the period of communist holidays. For example, at the monuments to Lenin on April 22.

The solemn promise, or the oath of the pioneer, had a regulated text, which was memorized by those who entered by heart. During the existence of the organization, changes to this oath were made only a few times and were always agreed with the party. During the taking of the oath, the pioneer called his name and swore, joining the ranks of the pioneer organization, "in the face of his comrades" to love his homeland, live according to the precepts of Lenin and observe the Laws of the pioneer organization.

Charter

The charter of the pioneer organization, which is also the law of the pioneers, had to be observed unquestioningly. It was not particularly long and could easily be learned by heart. According to the charter, the pioneer had to:

• To be devoted to communism, the Party and the Motherland.
• Get ready to join the Komsomol.
• To be equal to the heroes of labor and struggle.
• Honor the dead soldiers and be ready to become the defender of the Motherland.
• To be the best in work, sports and studies.
• To be a faithful and honest comrade who always defends the truth.
• To be a counselor and comrade of October.

Hymn

The anthem of the pioneer organization was the "March of Young Pioneers". This Soviet song was written specifically for the pioneers in 1922. The authors of the march were the poet and pianist Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin. Some lines from this song are familiar even to those who have never entered the pioneers. For example, “Fly up the bonfires, blue nights. We are pioneers - children of workers!

In May 1922, after Krupskaya's speech at a meeting of the Central Committee, Zharov was given the task of coming up with a song in two weeks that could become the anthem of the new children's organization. Zharov turned to D. Furmanov for advice, who advised him to take some existing composition as a basis. At the same time, the opera Faust was being performed at the Bolshoi Theatre. At the performance, Zharov heard the "March of the Soldiers", which became the basis of the revolutionary composition.

Symbolism

Like any ideological organization, this one also had its own attributes. The symbols of the pioneer organization were intended to evoke respect, as well as those who are members of it. These included:

• Pioneer tie- personified part of the pioneer banner and was an obligatory part of the uniform. The three ends of the tie denoted strong connection 3 generations, i.e., communists, then Komsomol members, and then pioneers. This item was tied with a special knot. The representatives of the squad had a yellow brand on a red tie. In the pre-war period, the ends of the tie were often fastened with a special clip. It was made in the form of a fire, five logs of which denoted five continents, and three flames - the third International. The disappearance of the clamp was due, firstly, to the dissolution of the Comintern, and secondly, to the fact that one of the heads of the Central Committee saw in it a similarity with Nazi symbols.
• Icon- was also a mandatory symbol of pioneer organizations in the school. The shape and type of the badge were described in a special regulation on children's organizations. Throughout the history of the institution, they have changed several times.
• Pioneer banner- was a red canvas with the image of a pioneer sign and motto. Banners were not only among the pioneer detachments, but also in school classes.
• Squad flag- personified the honor and solidarity of the guys, served to indicate belonging to some kind of pioneer team. With this banner, children went to parades, marches, training camps, excursions, hikes and even labor affairs. Carried the canvas of the flag, which followed the leader ahead of the drummer and bugler.
• Horn- without this attribute it is impossible to imagine a pioneer life. This musical instrument served to give various signals. The position of bugler was very honorable, the most responsible and trusted guys were appointed to it. He walked right behind the flag.
• Drum- the second most important musical instrument of the pioneers. It was necessary during processions, campaigns and parades. The drummer performed the roll and march, and also helped to perform the basic drill techniques.

Pioneer Organization Awards

Pioneers could be awarded the following insignia:

• "Million Motherland" - awarded for success in collecting scrap metal.
• "Young Pathfinder" - issued to those who could navigate the terrain.
• In addition, there were many medals of various award badges for winning various sporting events.

Pioneers of the USSR often received insignia and awards common to all Soviet people, for example, the Order of the Red Banner. Unfortunately, in wartime, many of these medals were awarded to the guys posthumously.

Until 1924, the pioneer organization bore the name of Spartak, but after the death of Lenin All-Union Organization named after the leader. It is generally accepted that Nadezhda Krupskaya stood at the origins of the Soviet pioneer movement, and this is true, but the Soviet teacher Innokenty Zhukov also played a big role.

He was the ideologue of Scouting, and it was largely thanks to him that the pioneer organization learned so much from the Boy Scouts. For example, the structure of the movement and the game method of raising children were borrowed. It was Zhukov who proposed the motto "Be ready!", which became the greeting of every Soviet pioneer. Krupskaya herself was not enthusiastic about the scouting movement, considering it part of the capitalist system.

“Boy scouting is in the hands of the bourgeoisie a means of imbuing the growing youth with feelings of patriotism, religious sentiments, feelings of submission to the king, parents, masters.

Paragraph 2 of the “Scout law… reads: “A Scout is loyal to the King, to his superiors, to his parents, to his homeland and to his masters. He must stand up for them under all circumstances against any of their enemies and even against the one who speaks ill of them,” wrote Lenin’s wife in her 1922 pamphlet “Boyscoutism and the RKSM”.

Despite this, Krupskaya admitted that the Boy Scout movement was very effective in educating children in the spirit needed by the state, and suggested adopting some of the methods of education.

“It also matters that a certain preparation is required from the Boy Scout upon admission, although extremely insignificant and elementary. This is, as it were, a symbol of the fact that acceptance into the Boy Scouts must be earned. It seems to me that the RKSM should have included in its charter that only those young men and women who, say,

1) prove their familiarity with the goals of the RKSM, 2) know the contents of two or three specific books, 3) have taken part in the “subbotniks of youth” for, say, 5 times, etc.

The introduction should also be furnished with a certain solemnity. To be accepted into the RKSM at a solemn meeting of a cell or committee, beginning with the singing of the Internationale, at which, say, a general report on the activities of the union is made, etc.

The Party followed this advice, and acceptance into the Pioneers has since become one of the most solemn and exciting events in the lives of ten-year-old boys and girls throughout the Soviet Union.

Nadezhda Krupskaya among the pioneers, 1927

RIA News"

From the beginning of the 1930s, pioneer associations began to be created on the basis of schools: detachments consisted of school classes, separate units could be formed inside, an entire school became a pioneer squad. By the way, the institute of pioneer leaders was also borrowed from the scout movement.

Before the pioneers in tsarist Russia, there was also a children's scouting movement. In 1909, Colonel Oleg Pantyukhov created a scout patrol "Beavers" in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg. Interest in such associations quickly increased, so that by 1917 in Russia there were about 50 thousand scouts in 142 cities. Children of any social status and religion, starting from the age of 12, joined such detachments. Interestingly, these units also made the call "Be ready!" as their main motto.

The Pioneer badge - a red star against a bonfire - is also the successor to the Scout symbol.

Three lily petals, which meant duty to oneself, to neighbors and to God, replaced the three flames.

The famous campfire gatherings were also first invented by non-pioneers. By the way, the first pioneer bonfire was held even before the creation of the official pioneer movement in the Union: it took place on May 7, 1922 in the falconer forest in Moscow, and children from the then experimental pioneer associations of the capital gathered for it.

Pioneers at the evening fire in the pioneer camp for children of workers of the Slyudyansk mine administration, 1961

Yuri Abramochkin/RIA Novosti

Finally, the obligatory and most recognizable symbol of the pioneers, the red tie, was also adopted from the global children's movement, however, among scouts, the color could vary depending on the country or organization.

The pioneer's tie was not just a rag around the neck. It was believed that this was a particle of the revolutionary Red Banner, respectively, for a pioneer to preserve the honor of a pioneer tie meant to preserve the honor of the Red Banner. So the children were prepared for responsibility and joining the Komsomol. Continuity was introduced: Octobrists - Pioneers - Komsomol - from the age of 7, the Soviet child had a career ladder prepared in advance.

In 1957, a new set of pioneer laws was adopted. Together with them, the customs of the pioneers were spelled out, they spoke not only of public duty, but also of the habits that betray a real pioneer. Among them, in particular, "the pioneer does not lie in bed in the morning, but rises immediately, like a roly-poly";

“pioneers make beds with their own, and not with the hands of others”; “pioneers wash themselves thoroughly, not forgetting to wash their necks and ears, brush their teeth and remember that teeth are the friends of the stomach.”

Among other laws were the following: “a pioneer is an example for all the guys”; "pioneers are precise and accurate"; "pioneers stand and sit straight, without hunching over"; "pioneers are not afraid to offer their services to people"; “pioneers do not smoke; a smoking pioneer is no longer a pioneer”; "A drunken pioneer dishonors the squad." It was also obligatory that “pioneers do not keep their hands in their pockets; he who keeps his hands in his pockets is not always ready”; "pioneers protect useful animals"; "pioneers always remember their customs and laws."

Such attention to personal hygiene and household habits should not surprise us. The pioneer had to be not only patriotic, talented and hardworking, but also healthy. For example, shorts (which were then called shorts) were almost always worn on camping trips, cold weather under them they could wear woolen tights or stockings, which also protected the legs from injury. We also tried to wear sports shorts in weather warmer than +10°C. It was believed that the Soviet pioneer should be not only hardy, but also hardened.

Each attribute of a pioneer, whether it was an oath before his comrades or wearing a uniform, was used as a method of cultivating the necessary qualities of character.

Admission to the pioneers on Red Square, 1965

David Sholomovich/RIA Novosti

Famous military sports games, such as "Zarnitsa" and "Eaglet", are still trying to revive in many camps and children's associations. The Zarnitsa game has been held throughout the USSR since 1967. The players were divided into two teams of Reds and Blues, and the Reds almost always won. Perhaps, patriotic education paid off, former pioneers recall.

Nadezhda Krupskaya argued that it is necessary to educate future communists who are devoted to the Motherland and the Party without interrupting "production." Therefore, from the very beginning of their existence, the pioneers were engaged in socially useful activities. The directions of these studies have changed depending on the country's requests in different years.

For example, in the 1920s and 1930s, pioneers actively helped fight illiteracy and homelessness. The latter is perfectly reflected in the film "Republic of SHKID", where one of the pupils of the orphanage yelled at the pioneer drummer: "Hey, bare-footed, you will lose the tambourine!" And, for example, in the 1950s, the country was recovering after the war, and heavy industry lacked metal. Accordingly, all Soviet pioneers, on the instructions of counselors and teachers, rushed to collect scrap metal.

Among the pioneers there have always been leaders, heroes and shock workers of labor. The names of most of them now do not tell us anything, but at that time they were examples of serving the country, they were constantly written about in newspapers. For example, an 11-year-old pioneer from the Tajik SSR, Mamlakat Nakhangova, became a real Stakhanovite. While picking cotton, the girl began to take it with both hands and brought 70-80 kg per day, adults collected 15 kg on average. In 1935, in the Kremlin, Mamlakat was awarded the highest Soviet state award, the young pioneer met with Stalin, who handed her a photograph with a personal signature. The following year, the pioneer went to the Artek camp, the dream of all Soviet pioneers.

It is interesting that the worker was honored everywhere, except for her native village of Shahmansur. Many cotton pickers did not rejoice over the overfulfillment of the plan and threatened her that she "do not dare to exceed the output."

The opening ceremony of the complex of the Moscow City Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren on the Lenin Hills, 1962

Vasily Malyshev/RIA Novosti

In 1940, the first Timurovsky detachment was formed at school No. 2 in the city of Klin, which consisted of six pioneers. It was in this city that Arkady Gaidar wrote his story "Timur and his team." The author himself said that he created the Timurov organization in reality when he was a child, becoming the commander of a yard team that secretly did good deeds and did not ask for a reward for them. After the publication of the story, a real boom in children's volunteering arose in the country.

At the same time, pioneers and Timurovites are not quite the same thing. According to the historian Alexei Balakirev, during the Great Patriotic War, out of twenty million schoolchildren, only a third of the guys were pioneers.

In difficult conditions, children were less involved in schools and families, and they had to educate themselves, so the Timur movement arose very opportunely: during the five years of the war, three million teenagers appeared in the Soviet Union who considered themselves Timurovites. Children and teenagers themselves, without the participation of senior mentors, organized meetings and helped the city or the front in the way they could and knew how.

One of the most famous Timurov teams during the war years was an organization in the city of Plast, Chelyabinsk Region. In 1941, about a hundred local guys united to help the front: they collected medicinal plants, scrap metal, held concerts in hospitals. Some even worked in mines near Plast: they mined gold, for which the USSR bought from America and Britain military equipment and products.

In 1942, the pioneer and Timur movement began to actively unite, because the latter threatened to oust the pioneers.

Soon, the Timurites became one of the "subspecies" of the Soviet pioneers, and after the war they were engaged in helping veterans and pensioners, searching for mass graves, and educating younger comrades.

Bulgarian and Soviet children at the 111th All-Union rally of pioneers in the Artek camp named after V.I. Lenin, 1967

Alexander Makarov/RIA Novosti

All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin ended its existence on September 28, 1991. Today in Russia there are some analogues of pioneer organizations that are of a non-state public nature: the Russian Movement of Schoolchildren, the Union of Pioneer Organizations - the Federation of Children's Organizations. It seems that each department dreams of creating its own children's and teenage movements. From a recent one, on May 15, 2017, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation announced plans to create a youth movement "Young Investigators" in order to educate future criminalists. But a single mass children's organization has not appeared in the country since Soviet times.

Department of Education and Science of the Tambov Region

Education department of Bondarsky district

Civil branch of MBOU Bondarskaya secondary school

Bondarsky district

Nomination "History of the children's movement »

WORK THEME:

"The History of the Pioneer Organization".

Prepared by:

Bokareva Anastasia Viktorovna

9th grade student

Civil branch

MBOU Bondarskaya secondary school

Bondarsky district

393244, Tambov region

Bondarsky district

Grazhdanivka village

Sadovaya street, 14,

84753443218

Supervisor:

Zenova Nadezhda Matveevna

primary school teacher

Civil branch

MBOU Bondarskaya secondary school

Bondarsky district

84753443218

v. Grazhdanovka, 2015

Table of contents.

Introduction. p.3-4

Main part.

ChapterI. The history of the birth and development of pioneers. p.4-5

ChapterII. Pioneer symbols. p.5-6

ChapterIII. Role pioneering in the life of society. page 6

ChapterIV. Pioneer organization of our school. pp.7-12

1. Pioneer organization of our school. pp.7-8

2. Chernyaeva Alexandra Sergeevna. page 8

3. Eremina Svetlana Petrovna. pp.9-10

4. Shishkina Lyubov Nikolaevna. p.10-11

5. Zenkina Zinaida Ilyinichna. pp.11-12

III. Conclusions. page 12

IV. Conclusion. page 12

V. List of used literature. pp.12-13

VI. Applications. pp.13-21

Introduction.

Raise fires, blue nights,

We are pioneer children of workers!

The era of light years is approaching,

The cry of the pioneers - always be ready!

Now for us, the children of the new generation, these lines mean nothing, some sometimes do not even know that there was a pioneer organization named after V.I. Lenin, which, of course, is very sad, because, I believe that history should not be forgotten .

Today's young people are more likely to shrug their shoulders in bewilderment, ask them what the date of May 19 is connected with. The generation of 40-year-olds still remembers that this is the birthday of the pioneer organization. And for those who are even older, this is a whole era, a huge stage that has absorbed the time of their lives from 9 to 14 years old.

I think it is interesting for everyone to learn something from the past of their parents, their teachers, neighbors. That is how I became interested in the history of the pioneers, asking my parents, as well as my mentors, to tell something from their childhood.

Working on this topic, I noticed with what warmth and nostalgia the “former pioneers” told me about themselves and their classmates. Listening to them, you understand that pioneering was the main component of their school life.

This is not pathos, not just emotions. So it was in real life. At the time of the pioneers, children lived in a different society, with different values. Now another time has come. A completely different era has begun. History itself is irreversible. Pioneer remained in history, remained part of the biography of millions of people.

The topic of my work is complex, and it is impossible to fully consider all aspects related to this topic. I will focus on what I think are the most important points.

Consider the history of the pioneer organization.

To reveal the significance of pioneer activity in the life of Soviet society.

Conduct research on the history of the children's pioneer organization in our village, school.

The following sources were used in writing the research paper:

Articles from newspapers and magazines about the pioneer organization;

Articles from the Internet about the activities of the pioneers;

Memoirs of parents, teachers, pioneer leaders, documents and photographs from the school archive and the personal archive of the storytellers.

Chapter I . The history of the birth and development of pioneers.

In the USSR, the pioneer organization was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol on May 19, 1922. Until 1924, the pioneer organization bore the name of Spartak. On January 21, 1924, by decision of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the pioneer organization was named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. The first pioneer detachments, uniting the children of workers and peasants, worked at the Komsomol cells of plants and factories; participated in subbotniks, helped in the fight against child homelessness, in the elimination of illiteracy.

The pioneer organization of the USSR was massive. The pioneers were accepted in the 3rd grade. Admission to the pioneers took place in two streams: the most best students(excellent students and shock students, activists) were received on April 22, the birthday of V.I. Lenin, in a solemn atmosphere. The rest of the students were accepted at the festive lineup on May 19. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis, but in the 1950s-1980s, virtually all schoolchildren, upon reaching the appropriate age, were accepted as pioneers. They rarely took pioneers, usually only inveterate hooligans. There were refusals for religious reasons.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, a mass Timurov movement unfolded throughout the country, the emergence of which is associated with the name of the writer Arkady Gaidar and his story "Timur and his team."

Young pioneers helped the families of veterans, collected medicinal herbs, scrap metal, funds for tank columns, were on duty in hospitals, and worked at the harvest. In 1970, the World Pioneer Organization had over 118,000 squads, uniting 23 million pioneers. During the existence of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, more than 210 million people have visited its ranks.

Pioneer camps were built for pioneers in the USSR - places of mass summer holiday children, houses and palaces of pioneers - houses of children's creativity. The newspaper "Pionerskaya Pravda" was published.

The most famous pioneer camps were usually located on sea ​​coast- these are all-Union: "Artek" and "Ocean", the all-Russian camp "Eaglet" and the republican camp "Young Guard".

The pioneers held various organizational events: reviews, concerts, sports competitions, trips. The paramilitary children's game Zarnitsa gained great popularity.

Now in the Russian Federation about five million people aged 10 to 50 call themselves pioneers.

Chapter II . Pioneer symbols.

The pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to a pioneer organization, a particle of the banner of the national flag. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable bond of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers. The tie was tied with a special knot. The pioneer badge was the second most important after the pioneer tie.

The most important pioneer attributes were the squad banner, detachment flags, a horn and a drum, which accompanied all solemn pioneer rituals. Each pioneer squad had a pioneer room where the relevant items were stored, and meetings of the squad council were held. In the pioneer room, as a rule, a wall with pioneer symbols, a Leninist corner and a corner of international friendship were decorated. At school and in the classrooms, squad and detachment wall newspapers were issued and hung out.

Pioneer form in common days coincided with school uniform, supplemented by pioneer symbols - a red tie and a pioneer badge.

There was a solemn promise of the pioneer of the Soviet Union, which the pioneer had to know by heart.[6]

Chapter III . The role of pioneer activity in the life of society.

The pioneer organization was born and took its first steps in an atmosphere of rapid construction - the country was recuperating after the civil war, laying the foundation of a new society. And the pioneers tried to keep up with the communists and Komsomol members in this work.

The beginning of the 1920s was a period of unprecedented droughts and crop failures in Russia. Helping the country in the fight against hunger, the pioneers sowed special beds-strips on which they grew vegetables. Urban pioneers actively helped rural Komsomol organizations in creating village pioneer detachments. The pioneers selflessly fought against homelessness - they agitated their peers who were left without parents and without a home to get a job, in Orphanage join the pioneer group. Difficult and important was the help of the pioneers in the work to eliminate illiteracy in the country. By 1930, young teachers had taught over one million people to read and write. Hundreds of thousands of illiterate people came to educational program schools thanks to the perseverance and convincing agitation of the pioneers for literacy.

The help of the pioneers in harvesting was significant. In the mid-1920s, pioneer "sentinel crops" appeared, and then "pioneer carts", made up of crops harvested and grown by the pioneers. In the same period, such traditional all-Union affairs and actions of pioneers arose as Harvest Day, Bird Protection Day, Forest Day, Children's Book Holiday.

About 20 thousand pioneers of the capital were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow", 15249 young Leninists were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". Four of them: Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Lena Golikov and Zina Portnova were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Chapter IV . Pioneer organization of our school.

In the course of writing the work, I conducted a mini-study in my village, school. I decided to open the curtain of history and tell about the pioneer organization of our school, about counselors, about activists and just about that distant and such an amazing time.

I looked through the school archives to find something interesting on my topic, interviewed former students and teachers, counselors.

The structure of the pioneer organization of our school did not differ from the structure of the entire pioneer organization. The whole school is one team. And our squad bore the name of our countrywoman, a native of the village of Osinovy ​​Gai, Hero of the Soviet Union Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

Each class is a pioneer squad. Each pioneer detachment elected a representative to the Council of the squad. They were worthy, responsible, reliable students. Members of the Council of the squad elected the chairman of the Council of the squad. Representatives to the Council of the detachment and the chairman of the detachment were elected in the detachment. Each detachment was divided into several links, each link chose its own link commander. The senior Pioneer leader headed and supervised the work of the squad.

I studied documents from the school archive and made a list (in chronological order), who in different years led the work of the pioneer squad:

From September 1, 1952 (earlier documents were not preserved) to August 1967, by order of the director of the seven-year school, Vasily Ivanovich Vasiliev, Chernyaeva Alexander Sergeevna was appointed senior pioneer leader, after the marriage of Bokarev.

From September 1967 to 1972 (principal of the school Surovtsev Alexander Alekseevich) - Luneva Zinaida Ivanovna.

From 1972 to 1973 - Eremina Svetlana Petrovna, currently a teacher of Russian language and literature at our school.

From 1973 to 1976 - Shishkina Lyubov Nikolaevna, currently a teacher of Russian language and literature in one of the Moscow schools. recently published a collection of her poems.

From August 1976 to June 2005, Zinaida Ilyinichna Zenkina, now retired, lives in our village. [ 5]

And now everything is in order.

The history of the pioneer organization of our school is rich in events and traditions. Photographs are living witnesses that tell about what they were - the pioneers. Looking at photographs, talking with former pioneers, I learned that the life of the guys in pioneer ties was interesting and varied.

1952 The school in the village was located in the building of the former church. She was seven years old. On September 1, 1952, there were 358 students in grades 1-7. The senior pioneer leader, as mentioned earlier, Chernyaeva Alexandra Sergeevna, after the marriage of Bokarev. To manage with such a gang of guys, believe me, it was not quite easy. This is a mobile, inquisitive, indifferent children. And Alexandra Sergeevna worked with such fidgets. Many good deeds on the account of the pioneer organization in those years: pioneer gatherings, solemn marches, hiking trips around the native land, labor landings to collect waste paper and scrap metal, lessons of courage, concerts, help to the state farm.

In the summer, the pioneers gathered spikelets on the fields of the state farm, destroyed weeds, rodents, planted forest plantations, gardens.

Year 1967. Alexandra Sergeevna was replaced by Zinaida Ivanovna Luneva. The pioneers were engaged in Timurov's work: they chopped firewood, cleared snow, planted and cleaned vegetable gardens. Prepared performances of propaganda teams. The pioneer squad actively resolved all intra-school issues: discipline, academic performance, circle work, patronage. During her work as a pioneer leader, Zinaida Ivanovna lived with the concerns of the guys, supported their undertakings, and somewhere she came up with her own initiative. The guys didn't sit still. Their speeches were eagerly awaited by the propaganda team on farms and field camps.

Year 1972. The baton is taken by a very young primary school teacher Eremina Svetlana Petrovna. Today Svetlana Petrovna works as a teacher of Russian language and literature.

Here is what she said about her work as a pioneer leader. All work was carried out on marches. 1972-1974 - All-Union march of pioneer detachments "Always ready". The march is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the formation of the USSR and the 50th anniversary of the assignment to the Komsomol and the pioneer organization named after V.I. Lenin. The pioneer detachments of our school did a great job.

On December 30, 1972, our vast country celebrated a significant event - a holiday dear and close to every citizen of our Motherland - the 50th anniversary of the formation of the USSR.

From December 25-30, the festival "Fifteen Republics - Fifteen Sisters" was held in all corners of our country. Our school also took part in this event.

Preparations for the holiday began almost two months before the festival. Every class was preparing for the holiday. Its preparation consisted in presenting one of the republics of the USSR with amateur performances.

And then came the long-awaited day. On December 30, all the students of our school came to the club to take part in the festival.

First, Gavrilova M.P. made a report on the development of the republics of our country for 50 years.

Then the head teacher of the school Makhracheva V.G. spoke about how the students of our school prepared for the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Many children were awarded books for good study, active community service and exemplary discipline.

And then came the most long-awaited moment.

The command of the host of the festival Alexander Makhrachev sounds: “Before we start our festival, we will bring in the flag of the USSR. Before bringing the flag, I ask everyone to stand up! Bring the flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics!” To the sounds of a bugle and drum roll, Sergeeva T. Brings in the flag of the USSR.

Then everyone sits down and the concert begins. His program was very interesting. Songs of the peoples of our Motherland sounded. Galaeva N. and Moiseeva T. performed the Belarusian folk song"Quail" and the Latvian comic song "Cockerel". Girls from the 8th grade sang the Kazakh song "About the boy". A group of girls from the 5th grade sang the song of Moldovan children. Anufrieva N. from the 5th grade sang the Georgian song "Firefly".

Not everything went without dancing. "Young Moldavians" vividly, temperamentally performed "Moldavanescu". Girls 9-b danced the dance "Cossack", the favorite dance of Ukrainians. Many Russian dances were shown: the round dance "Birch", and the lyrical dance "Evening Rhythms", and the cheerful "Kalinka", and the respected Russian waltz.

Our "artists" brought a lot of pleasant things to everyone present, and among them were not only our pioneers, teachers, but also the best production workers of the state farm.

At the end, the guys expressed the wishes of all the people of the earth: “We want all peoples to live in peace and kindness, so that there is plenty of bread, so that the sky is clean. And with a spring song, the children woke up at dawn.

Everyone enjoyed the holiday very much. Each participant of the festival felt the power of our state, and leaving, each glorified our people, our party, our native country in their hearts.

Thanking Svetlana Petrovna for interesting story, let's move on. [2]

Year 1973. Time does not stand still. Pupils of the school get acquainted with the new pioneer leader Shishkina Lyubov Nikolaevna. But the work of the pioneer organization does not stop. Students also hold events, collect waste paper, scrap metal, plant trees.

The gathering of the squad dedicated to the memory of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya took place on September 13, 1973. The gathering was attended by 100 people. All students are in dress uniform.

At the gathering, all the pioneers honored the memory of Zoya with a minute of silence. The pioneers told about her childhood, and her school years, about the heroic deed in the days of the Great Patriotic War. It was told in detail about the death of the heroine. From the stories we learned the whole life path of Zoya, although it is short, it went down in history. After that, poems dedicated to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya were read by the pioneers.

Lyubov Nikolaevna often published notes about the work of the pioneer organization of the school in the district newspaper Narodnaya Tribuna.

Year 1976. Ask in the village where Zinochka lives and everyone old and young will answer you. This is the affectionate name of the former pioneer leader Zenkina Zinaida Ilyinichna. How many good words can be heard from former pioneers and Komsomol members of our school regarding this wonderful person, a sympathetic and true friend and mentor. She devoted 29 years to noisy, restless, once naughty children. And in every childish heart there was a piece of her soul.

Pioneer gatherings, discussion of pressing issues, visits to war veterans, collection of scrap metal and waste paper. No one will forget the fire of the pioneer bonfire on the birthday of the pioneer organization on May 19th.

With her kindness and affection, love for children, vital activity, diligence and needlework, Zinaida Ilyinichna earned worthy respect not only for teenagers, but also for their parents, colleagues, fellow villagers.

For her contribution to the upbringing of the younger generation, Zenkina Zinaida Ilyinichna was awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education.

Zinaida Ilyinichna came to work at the school as a librarian in 1974, and from 1976 to 2005 she worked as a pioneer leader and organizer. Not a single event took place without her participation and help.

But everything is changing. To replace the pioneer organization inOn October 5, 1996, a children's organization, the Union of the Planets "Galaktika", was created - a public, voluntary, primary association of children of the Civil Secondary School from the 1st to the 11th grades.

Galaeva Inna Viktorovna was elected the first president at the general school meeting of students.

Conclusions.

Summing up the results of my research, I came to the conclusion that the pioneers are a very strong organization that united millions of children across the country. The pioneers made a significant contribution to the development of the country: they helped in the harvest, "fought" illiteracy, supported active position in public political life countries, and especially showed themselves during the war ...

And the proof that not everything should be forgotten from the Soviet past is the fact that in many cities and villages of our country there are pioneer organizations that help students take an active life position and be indifferent to those who are nearby. I believe that the pioneer movement is a bright page in the history of our country.

Conclusion.

There is not a single person in our country born before 1980 who was not a pioneer. Not only former pioneer activists, but many today remember their pioneer years with nostalgia.

The history of the children's movement continues. Its history inXXIcentury can and should be the subject of research.

List of used literature.

1.N.V. Bogdanov "Burn, pioneer fire!" // publishing house "Kid", 1982

2. Memoirs of the former pioneer leader Eremina S.P.

3. Newspaper "People's Tribune" // dated December 4, 1975.

4. The newspaper "Pionerskaya Pravda" / / No. 12 of January 28, 1989.

5. Local history material of the Civil School.

6. S. Mikhalkov "Red Tie" 1936

7.Internet resourceswiki. rdf. en

Applications.

Civil seven-year school

Senior pioneer leader Chernyaeva (Bokareva) Alexandra Sergeevna 1952-1967.

Year 1972-1973. Pioneer leader Eremina Svetlana Petrovna.

December 30, 1972 50th anniversary of the formation of the USSR.

Sports holiday.

Year 1973-1976. Pioneer leader Shishkina Lyubov Nikolaevna.

April 24, 1975 Parovatkin's arrival at school.

Newspaper "People's Tribune" October 1975.

Newspaper "People's Tribune" December 4, 1975

1976-2005 Pioneer leader Zenkina Zinaida Ilyinichna.

Not one event is complete without Zinochka.

June 1978 Trip to Tarkhany.

School action "We are for peace!"

Pioneer detachment named after A. Matrosov 1984.

A trip to Krasnodon in 1988.

School choir under the direction of Zenkina Z.I. 1986-1988

School union meeting.

School folklore holidays.

The first of September 1998.

The first of September 2006.

She is still in service today. May 9, 2015 rural recreation center.