The main performance characteristics of the combat capabilities of pla los angeles. The performance characteristics of the nuclear submarine of the type "Los Angeles. class "Los Angeles"
two turbines, two Fairbanks-Morse diesel generators
7 blade propeller
mine armament
"Los Angeles"- a series of multi-purpose nuclear submarines of the US Navy. Currently, the US Navy has 46 of the 62 built Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines. The first nuclear submarine of the series entered service in the city, the last - USS "Cheyenne" was completed in the city. The ships were built by Newport News Shipbuilding and General Dynamics Electric Boat Division.
Nine submarine type"Los Angeles" were involved during the war in Persian Gulf(1991), during which launches of the Tomahawk cruise missile were carried out from two of them.
Links
- ship.bsu.by Encyclopedia of ships / Multi-purpose submarines /Los Angeles.
| Type nuclear submarines "Los Angeles" | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sub-series I |
Los Angeles Baton Rouge Philadelphia Memphis Omaha Cincinnati Groton Birmingham New York City Indianapolis Bremerton Jacksonville Dallas La Jolla Phoenix Boston Baltimore City Of Corpus Christi Albuquerque Portsmouth Minneapolis-St. Paul Hyman G. Rickover Augusta San Francisco Atlanta Houston Norfolk Buffalo Salt Lake City Olympia Honolulu |
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| Sub-series II. NPS Los Angeles VLS |
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| Subseries III. "Improved Los Angeles" |
San Juan Pasadena Albany Topeka Miami Scranton Alexandria Asheville Jefferson City Annapolis Springfield Columbus Santa Fe Boise Montpelier Charlotte Hampton Hartford Toledo Tucson Columbia Greenville Cheyenne |
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- (Los Angeles), a city and port on the south Pacific coast of the United States, California. 3.5 million inhabitants (1994, with suburbs over 7 million inhabitants). Los Angeles stretches from north to south for more than 80 km. international Airport. Chief economic ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
The US Navy has 51 Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines, sixteen of which are deployed in the Pacific and thirty-two in the Atlantic. The first nuclear submarine of the series was commissioned in 1976, the last - USS "Cheyenne" was completed in 1996. The ships were built by Newport News Shipbuilding and General Motors Dynamics Electric Boat Division.
Nine Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines were involved in the Gulf War (1991), during which Tomahawk missiles were launched from two of them.
Los Angeles-class nuclear submarines are attack submarines, also equipped with means to combat enemy submarines, conduct intelligence activities, special operations, the transfer of special forces, strikes, mining, search and rescue operations.
Missile weapons
Los Angeles-class submarines built after 1982 equipped with 12 vertical missile launchers. nuclear submarines are equipped with combat information system CCS Msrk 2.
Missile armament is made up of the Tomahawk missile launcher in versions for attacking ground and surface targets. KR "Tomahawk" in the version for attacking coastal targets has a range of 2500 km. The TAINS system (Tercom Aided Inertial Navigation System - Semi-automatic inertial navigation system Tercom) controls the flight of the missile to the target at subsonic speed at an altitude of 20 to 100 m. "Tomahawk" can be equipped with a nuclear warhead. The anti-ship version of the Tomahawk cruise missile is equipped with an inertial guidance system, as well as an active anti-aircraft missile. radar head homing. the range is up to 450 km.
The armament of the Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine also includes anti-ship missile"Harpoon". RCC "Harpoon" in the modification for submarines equipped with an active radar homing head and has a 225 kg warhead. The range is 130 km. at transonic flight speed.
torpedoes
The nuclear submarines have four 533mm torpedo tubes located in the middle part of the hull, as well as the Mark 117 torpedo fire control system. Ammunition includes 26 torpedoes or missiles launched from torpedo tubes, including the Tomahawk missile launcher, the Harpoon anti-ship missile and Mark 48 ADCAP torpedoes. Torpedoes "Gould Mark 48" are designed to destroy both surface targets and fast submarines. The torpedo is controlled both with and without wire commands and uses an active and passive homing system. In addition, these torpedoes are equipped with a multiple attack system that is applied when the target is lost. The torpedo searches, captures and attacks the target.
The nuclear submarine can also accept mines of the "Mobile Mark 67" and "Captor Mark 60" models.
EW facilities
Electronic warfare nuclear submarines include search engine BRD-7, WLR-1H and WLR-8(v)2 detection systems and WLR-10 radar detection system. AN/WLY-1 acoustic detection and countermeasure system being tested to replace existing system acoustic detection WLR-9A/12. The nuclear submarine is equipped with the "Mark 2" torpedo decoy system.
Sonar and sensors
Los Angeles-class submarines are equipped with a wide range of sonar equipment and sensors: a passive towed antenna TV-23/29, a side antenna BQG 5D, a low-frequency passive and active sonar BQQ 5D / E, a high-frequency active short-range sonar Ametek BQS 15 also used for ice detection, high-frequency active sonar MIDAS (Mine and Ice Detection Avoidance System - System for detecting and avoiding mines and ice), active search sonar Raytheon SADS-TG.
The nuclear submarines are equipped with GE PWR S6G pressurized water reactors with a capacity of 26 MW, developed by General Electric. Available auxiliary engine with a power of 242 kW. The service life of the reactor fuel elements is about 10 years.
The history of Los Angeles-class atomic killers began in 1906, when a family of emigrants from Russian Empire- Abraham, Rachel and their six year old son Chaim. The kid was not a blunder - when he grew up, he entered the Naval Academy and became a four-star admiral in the US Navy. In total, Hyman Rickover served in the Navy for 63 years and would still have served if he hadn’t been caught taking a bribe of 67 thousand dollars (Rickover himself denied it to the end, stating that this “nonsense” did not influence his decisions in any way).
In 1979, after a major accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant, Hyman Rickover, as an expert, was called to testify by Congress. The question sounded prosaic: “One hundred nuclear submarines of the US Navy are moving in the depths of the oceans - and not a single accident with the reactor core in 20 years. And here a new nuclear power plant standing on the shore collapsed. Maybe Admiral Rickover knows some Magic word»?
The answer of the aged admiral was simple: there are no secrets, you just need to work with people. Personally communicate with each specialist, immediately remove fools from work with the reactor and expel them from the fleet. To all high ranks who, for some reason, interfere with cooking personnel in accordance with these principles and sabotage my instructions to declare a merciless war and also drive them out of the fleet. Ruthlessly "gnaw" contractors and engineers. Safety and reliability are the main areas of work, otherwise even the most powerful and modern submarines will be drowned in packs in peacetime.
The principles of Admiral Rickover (safety and reliability above all) formed the basis of the Los Angeles project - the largest series in the history of the nuclear submarine fleet, consisting of 62 multi-purpose nuclear submarines. The purpose of the "Los Angeles" (or "Moose" - the nickname of the boats in the Soviet fleet) is to fight enemy surface ships and submarines, cover aircraft carrier groups and deployment areas for strategic submarine missile carriers. Covert mining, reconnaissance, special operations.
If we take only tabular characteristics as a basis: “speed”, “depth of immersion”, “number of torpedo tubes”, then against the background of domestic “Typhoons”, “Anteev” and “Pike”, “Los Angeles” looks like a mediocre trough. A single-body steel coffin, divided into three compartments - any hole will be fatal for him. For comparison, the robust hull of the domestic multi-purpose nuclear submarine pr. 971 "Pike-B" is divided into six sealed compartments. And the giant Project 941 Akula missile carrier has 19 of them!
There are four torpedo tubes in total, located at an angle to the diametrical plane of the hull. As a result, the "Moose" cannot shoot at full speed - otherwise the torpedo will simply be broken by the oncoming flow of water. For comparison, "Pike-B" has 8 bow TAs and is able to use its weapons in the entire range of operating depths and speeds.
The operating depth of the Los Angeles dive is only 250 meters. A quarter of a kilometer - is that really not enough? For comparison, the working depth of the "Pike-B" is 500 meters, the maximum is 600!
Canonical image of the Los Angeles-class submarine
Boat speed. Surprisingly, everything is not so bad for the American here - in a submerged position, the Los is capable of accelerating up to 35 knots. The result is more than worthy, only six knots less than the incredible Soviet "Lira" (project 705). And this is without the use of titanium cases and terrible reactors with metal coolants!
On the other hand, high maximum speed has never been the most important parameter of a submarine - already at 25 knots the acoustics of the boat stop hearing anything due to the noise of the incoming water and the submarine becomes “deaf”, and at 30 knots the boat rumbles so that it can be heard on the other side of the ocean. High speed is a useful, but not too important quality.
The main weapon of any submarine is stealth. This parameter contains the whole meaning of the existence of the submarine fleet. Stealth is determined primarily by the level of the submarine's own noise. The inherent noise level of the Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine did not just meet world standards. The Los Angeles-class submarine itself set world standards.
There were several reasons for the exceptional low noise "Moose":
Single body construction. The area of the wetted surface decreased, and, as a result, the noise from friction against the water when the boat was moving.
Screw quality. By the way, the manufacturing quality of the propellers of the third-generation Soviet nuclear submarines also increased (and their noise level decreased) after a detective story with the purchase of Toshiba high-precision metal-cutting machines. Having learned about the secret deal between the USSR and Japan, America threw such a scandal that the poor Toshiba almost lost access to the American market. Late! Pike-B with new propellers has already entered the expanses of the World Ocean.
Some specific points, such as rational placement of equipment inside the boat, depreciation of turbines and power equipment. The reactor circuits have a high degree of natural circulation of the coolant - this made it possible to abandon high-capacity pumps, and, consequently, to reduce the noise level of Los Angeles.
It is not enough for a submarine to be fast and secretive - in order to successfully complete tasks, it is necessary to have a specific idea of \u200b\u200bthe environment, learn how to navigate in the water column, find and identify surface and underwater targets. Long time, the only means of external detection were a periscope and a hydroacoustic post with an analyzer in the form of an acoustic sailor's ear. Well, another gyrocompass showing where the North is under this damn water.
In Los Angeles, everything is much more interesting. American engineers played all-in - they dismantled all equipment from the bow of the boat, including torpedo tubes. As a result, the entire bow of the hull is occupied by a spherical antenna of the AN / BQS-13 hydroacoustic station with a diameter of 4.6 meters. Also, the submarine's hydroacoustic complex includes a conformal side-scan antenna consisting of 102 hydrophones, an active high-frequency sonar for detecting natural obstacles (underwater rocks, ice fields on the water surface, mines, etc.), as well as two towed passive antennas of length 790 and 930 meters (including cable length).
Other means of collecting information include: equipment for measuring the speed of sound at various depths (completely necessary remedy for exact definition distance to the target), AN / BPS-15 radar and AN / WLR-9 electronic intelligence system (for surface operation), periscope overview(type 8) and attack periscope (type 15).
However, no cool sensors and sonars helped the San Francisco nuclear submarine - on January 8, 2005, a boat running at 30 knots (≈55 km / h) crashed into an underwater rock. One sailor was killed, another 23 were injured, and the chic antenna in the bow was smashed to smithereens.
USS San Francisco (SSN-711) after hitting an underwater obstacle
The weakness of the Los Angeles torpedo armament is to some extent compensated by a wide range of ammunition - in total, there are 26 Mk.48 remotely controlled torpedoes on board the boat (caliber 533 mm, weight ≈ 1600 kg), SUB-Harpoon anti-ship missiles, SUBROC anti-submarine missile torpedoes, cruise missiles"Tomahawk" and "smart" mines "Captor".
To increase combat effectiveness, in the bow of each "Los Angeles", starting from the 32nd boat, they began to install 12 more vertical launch silos for storing and launching "Tomahawks". In addition, some of the submarines are equipped with a Dry Deck Shelter container for storing combat swimmers' equipment.
The modernization was carried out not "for show", but based on the real combat experience- "Los Angeles" are regularly involved in strikes against coastal targets. "Moose" in blood up to the very horns - in the lists of destroyed targets Iraq, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Libya ...
USS Greeneville (SSN-772) with Dry Deck Shelter attached to her hull
The last 23 boats were built according to the modified "Improved Los Angeles" project. Submarines of this type were specially adapted for operations in high latitudes under the ice dome of the Arctic. The boats dismantled wheelhouses, replacing their retractable rudders in the bow. The screw was enclosed in a profiled ring nozzle, which further reduced the noise level. The electronic "stuffing" of the boat has undergone partial modernization.
The last boat of the Los Angeles series, called the Cheyenne, was built in 1996. At the time when the last boats of the series were completed, the first 17 units, having served their due date, were already being scrapped. Elks still form the backbone of the US submarine fleet; as of 2013, 42 submarines of this type are still in service.
Returning to our initial conversation - what did the Americans get anyway - a worthless tin "tub" with underestimated characteristics or a highly effective underwater combat complex?
Purely from the point of view of reliability, Los Angeles has set a hitherto unbeaten record - for 37 years of active operation on 62 boats of this type, not a single serious accident with damage to the reactor core has been recorded. The Hyman Rickover tradition is still alive today.
As for the combat characteristics, the creators of the "Moose" can be praised a little. The Americans managed to build a generally successful ship with an emphasis on the most important characteristics (stealth and means of detection). The boat was undoubtedly the best in the world in 1976, but by the mid-1980s, with the advent of the first multi-purpose nuclear submarines of project 971 "Pike-B" in the Soviet Navy, the American submarine fleet again found himself in the position of "catching up". Realizing some inferiority of the “Los” in front of the “Pike-B”, the development of the SeaWolf project began in the States - a formidable submarine cruiser at a price of $ 3 billion dollars apiece (the construction of three SeaWolfs was mastered in total).
In general, talking about boats like "Los Angeles" is not so much talking about technology, but talking about the crews of these submarines. Man is the measure of everything. It was thanks to the preparation and careful maintenance of equipment that American sailors managed not to lose a single boat of this type in 37 years.
Post scriptum. April 1984 retired admiral Hyman Rickover received a cool gift for his 84th birthday - a 7,000-ton Los Angeles-class combat submarine named after him.
The city of Los Angeles is not only palm trees, beaches and Hollywood", this is also the name of multi-purpose US nuclear submarines.
American submarine class « Los Angeles» during the period " cold war”was the foremost among the submarines of the world, and even now the leadership of the US Navy does not reduce its activity in improving them. Over the past twenty years, 62 modern submarines of theLos Angeles». They became the most quantitative series submarine. At first glance, the number may not seem very large, but the submarine is a one-piece product and quite expensive. The ratio of the price of a fighter and modern submarine, the same as a modest runabout and a limousine. Nuclear P U.S.-class submarinesLos Angeles» - the most numerous nuclear-powered ships in the world.
Development on the project began in the late 60s. In those years, the Armed Forces of the USSR rapidly built up the submarine fleet, it became a global force and increasingly pushed the Americans back in world waters. The strengthening of the land of the Soviets was a challenge that the US Navy could not help but respond to. They were worried about the rapid development nuclear submarines and . Via Soviet submarines the fleet of the USSR could block communications and thereby isolate the United States and turn the country into an island. The Americans decided to respond with quality and quantity. The new U.S. nuclear submarines were supposed to be silent champions on long years. At that time, the USSR did not have technologies similar to American ones. Besides, new series was designed for advanced weapons - cruise missiles of the " Tomahawk».
nuclear submarine
class "Los Angeles"
USS Los Angeles
US nuclear submarine USS Los Angeles
nuclear submarine "USS Dallas"
nuclear submarine USS Honolulu"
nuclear submarine USS Tucson"
US nuclear submarine USS Providence at periscope depth
Construction of modern submarines deployed at two shipyards " Newport News shipbuilding in Norfolk and electric boat». First submarine entitled Los Angeles was launched on November 12, 1976.. Nine years later, it was built already 20th submarine "Honolulu"(SSN 718). Premier League equipped various types torpedoes designed to combat submarines and surface ships, and were also armed with anti-ship missiles of the " Harpoon».
Missiles Tomahawk" on board American submarine type " Los Angeles"were of several types and differed in their range of destruction: some with a range of up to 400 km to combat surface ships, others - up to 2000 km from nuclear weapons. This was a revolution among the submarines of the world. For the first time, multi-purpose submarines received missiles long range. Moreover, they were launched through four torpedo tubes.
With the advent US submarine « Providence» (SSN 719) submarines type " LOS ANGELES"began to build with separate vertical mines for missiles" Tomahawk". Shipbuilding engineers managed to place up to twelve launchers on board submarines.
In the late 80s, modern Soviet submarines came close to American submarines in terms of stealth, diving depth, speed, and even surpassed them in some types of weapons. The advantage dried up, and the management decided to modernize nuclear submarines US class " Los Angeles". Starting from the submarine San Juan”, which became the fortieth in a row, and until the last in a series completed in 1996, these nuclear-powered ships received a quieter ride due to improved surface. Of course, they were equipped modern electronics. type " Los Angeles"Repeatedly participated in operations in the Persian Gulf. Some of them will remain in service for 20 years. The most quantitative series of submarines was replaced by the generation
The first US Navy boats to receive the ASBU complex, then AN / BSY-1.
Missile weapons
Los Angeles-class submarines built after 1982 are equipped with 12 vertical cruise missile launchers. The nuclear submarines are equipped with the CCS Mark 2 combat information system.
Missile weapons are the Tomahawk missile launcher in versions for attacking ground and surface targets. By 1991, 3/4 of the Los Angeles-class boats were armed with Tomahawk missiles. The ability to launch anti-ship missiles through torpedo tubes has been retained. KR "Tomahawk" in the version for attacking coastal targets has a range of 2500 km (with nuclear warhead), 1600 km with the usual. The TAINS (Tercom Aided Inertial Navigation System - Tercom Semi-Automatic Inertial Navigation System) controls the flight of the missile to the target at subsonic speeds at an altitude of 20 to 100 m. The Tomahawk can be equipped with a nuclear warhead. The anti-ship version of the Tomahawk missile launcher is equipped with an inertial guidance system, as well as an active anti-radar homing head, the launch range is up to 450 km. [ ]
The armament of the Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine also includes the Harpoon anti-ship missile. Anti-ship missiles " Harpoon" in the modification for submarines is equipped with an active radar homing head and has a 225 kilogram warhead. The range is 70 km at transonic flight speed. [ ]
A typical combat load option (latest modifications) is 12 Tomahawk anti-ship missiles, 6-8 Harpoon anti-ship missiles, 16 Mk 48 ADCAP torpedoes. [ ]
Torpedo armament
The Los Angeles nuclear submarines have four 533-mm torpedo tubes located in the middle part of the hull and allow firing at full speed, as well as the Mark 113 torpedo fire control system, and starting from SSN-700 - Mark 117 . Ammunition includes 26 torpedoes or missiles launched from torpedo tubes, including the Tomahawk missile launcher, Harpoon anti-ship missiles and Mark 48 ADCAP torpedoes. Gould Mark 48 torpedoes are designed to destroy both surface targets and fast submarines. The torpedo is controlled both with and without wire commands and uses an active and passive homing system. In addition, these torpedoes are equipped with a multiple attack system that is applied when the target is lost. The torpedo searches, captures and attacks the target. [ ]
The Los Angeles nuclear submarine can also accept mines of the Mobile Mark 67 and Captor Mark 60 models. [ ]