Guinea pig - why guinea pig? Origin of name. Where did the name "guinea pig" come from Where did guinea pigs come from

25.10.2019

Guinea pig (lat. Cavia porcellus), would probably be very surprised if she found out about her Russian-language name, because she has nothing to do with either real pigs or the sea. Then why is it called that?

Everything is very simple: it became “marine” because it was brought from America, i.e. from across the sea. Although, perhaps, it would be more correct to call it "overseas". In Europe, it is most often called "guinea pig", "pig mouse" or "Indian pig". As you can see, only the word "mumps" does not cause controversy. Why? Because this animal sometimes makes grunting sounds, just like its big namesake.

The Andean tribes of South America were the first to domesticate guinea pigs 5 thousand years ago. True, then they were not just pets. People used them as a source of delicious meat or for various rituals and rituals. Starting from the 13th century AD. Indian tribes became seriously interested in their breeding and before the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1533, they managed to breed many different breeds.

Of course, modern breeders have gone even further. Today there are a huge number of varieties of guinea pigs that are completely. For example, in pet stores you can find both long-haired animals, and wire-haired, short-haired and even animals with no hair at all or with a little fluff.

In general, guinea pigs have a body length of 25 to 35 cm, they have a wide blunt muzzle with hanging ears, a large body with rounded shapes and no tail at all. Males weigh from 1 to 1.5 kg, females - from 0.8 to 1.2 kg. In wild individuals, the natural color of the upper body is brown-gray, the belly and the inside of the legs are lighter.

These are quite cute pets with a good-natured and trusting character. They love to sit on their hands and play with the owner. However, during such activities, you should be very careful, since a fall even from a small height can have very sad consequences for the animal.

Interestingly, guinea pigs, in addition to grunting, can make many other very different sounds. For example, when they are happy, they can purr. When courting, males sometimes purr. Females during pregnancy or in the absence of a male begin to chirp like birds. They do it at night, continuing their "song" from 2 to 10 minutes. True, this happens very rarely.

Guinea pigs eat hay, grain feed, juicy vegetables and fruits. When feeding, it should be borne in mind that fresh hay should be in the cage around the clock, since the animal grinds its teeth with it, in addition, it helps to normalize the digestive system.

Sometimes the animal can be caught in a not too pleasant procedure - eating its own litter. This habit was inherited from wild ancestors - it turns out that in this way guinea pigs are enriched with vitamins, since vitamins of groups B and K are absorbed in the animal's body only when they pass through the gastrointestinal tract again.

house for guinea pig

Your new friend definitely needs his own house. Any single-story cage or aquarium of sufficient size will do. Since guinea pigs have short legs, they do not need to arrange many attractions in the form of ladders, hammocks, etc.

However, there must be some kind of shelter in the cage so that the shy animal can hide if necessary. It is better if it is a small construction made of bark, then the rodent will grind its teeth on it.

Some veterinarians believe that the constant presence of a shelter for a rodent makes it less tame: he sits in the house all the time, is scared of everything in the world and does not want to play with the owner. If you notice this for your pet, put the house only for the night - let the animal do without it during the day.

It is necessary to pour a litter on the floor: tyrsa, hay, straw, sawdust or wood filler. Make sure that the tyrsa is large, otherwise it can clog the animal's nose. Choose hay that is fresh, not soaked, and devoid of any signs of mold. Tyrsa or hay will have to be changed every 1-2 days, otherwise an unpleasant smell will begin to spread around the apartment.

There will be less trouble with wood filler: it absorbs liquid well, so it needs to be changed much less often (once every 3-4 days). True, all these materials can serve as a source of dust, so special corn or paper litter for rodents is a good alternative for them.

Often guinea pigs are very clean and use the same place in the cage for the toilet. Then it remains for the owner to put a small tray with low sides there and pour a little filler. Caring for such a cage will be much easier.

Drinker and feeder

In addition to the house, the guinea pig will need two feeders and a drinker. It is better to buy a vertical ball drinker, it will not be so convenient with a simple bowl: the filler can get into the water, which will make it unsuitable for consumption. You need to change the water every day, even if it seems that the animal does not drink at all.

For dry and wet food, two separate feeders should be purchased. They must be heavy and stable enough, otherwise the mobile animal will constantly turn them over. You can even attach one of them to the cage, and put the second (for wet food) from time to time.

Guinea pig nutrition

Since hay can contain a lot of dust, it must be fed to the rodent in special devices - hay feeders or hay balls. The haymaker is similar to a simple shovel - it must be attached to the outside of the cage so that it fits snugly against the wall. A hay ball is a round mesh structure that is filled with hay. It is hung on the ceiling or fixed in the corner of the cage.

In addition to hay, guinea pigs need to be given straw, various dry herbs (most of all, these animals love dandelions and plantain), cereals and legumes. In summer, they are given sprigs of fruit trees and shrubs, as well as bark and leaves of maple, oak or birch.

In general, about 80% of an animal's menu should consist of dry food. Pet stores sell specialized food designed for guinea pigs. If you have settled on this option, you should not change it too often, otherwise the animal may take a long time to get used to the new taste.

Only 20% is left for wet and soft food. If you exceed this rate and feed the rodent with such food all the time, this can lead to health problems and tooth growth. However, it is also not necessary to deprive the animal of fresh vegetables and fruits.

Guinea pigs love apples, cucumbers, broccoli, white cabbage, lettuce, parsley and various fruits. Since all of these are extremely tasty, they may specifically begin to beg for just such delicacies and ignore everything else. You should not follow their lead, otherwise it will end badly, and, above all, for the pet itself. To calculate the allowable amount of wet food, it is enough to use a simple formula: 5-7 g of wet food per 100 g of animal weight.

Although the ancient Incas fed their guinea pigs with food from their table, as there is a lot of evidence in the form of drawings on vases and other utensils, do not try to repeat this experience: after all, much has changed since then, especially our food.

Remember: a healthy pet is one who has the right diet.

Do I need to give the animal additional vitamins?

Often, veterinarians recommend giving guinea pigs vitamin C by adding it to the drinking bowl with water at the rate of 1 mg per 1 ml of water. However, in the light, this vitamin quickly loses its properties, so the solution must be changed at least once a day.

The rest of the vitamins the animal must receive with food. It is curious that vitamins of groups B and K are absorbed only the second time, so rodents sometimes eat their own droppings.

Features of caring for guinea pigs

From time to time they need to be released from the cage so that they can play. Just take care of their safety: close cats or dogs in another room and do not take the pig to your sofa or table - it may accidentally fall and be injured.

Otherwise, caring for them is not particularly difficult, they do not need as much attention as a cat or dog, so even very busy people often take them into the house.

This cute animal is a favorite of not only many kids, but also adults. He does not bite, quickly gets used to his hands, he does not require any special care. However, even having such a cute little animal in the house, not everyone thinks why a guinea pig is a pig? After all, it is clear that it has no direct relation to dairy grunting animals. On the other hand, why is a guinea pig a guinea pig? After all, neither she nor her wild relatives can swim. Let's find out these questions, for this we will have to plunge into history.

general information

Before proceeding to the question of why the guinea pig is called that way and not otherwise, let's find out where the homeland of these animals is and why they were tamed. Indians took up South America, and it was back in the 7th century BC. e. In the homeland of rodents then called gui, or aporea. Their reproduction in nature occurs all year round, pregnancy lasts a little more than 2 months, and within a few hours after birth, the little animal is ready to breed again! It is for this reason that the Indians bred rodents, using them as household pigs, served as their main source of meat, and they were also sacrificed and used for other similar rituals. By the way, in some countries these rodents are still eaten, and the Peruvians once bred a breed of a very large guinea pig for this, it weighed about 2.5 kg. They were first brought to Europe in the 16th century, but rodents were very expensive, not everyone could afford to play with a funny animal.

Why is a guinea pig a pig. First version

Yes, there are several versions of this issue. One of them says that when the Spaniards first landed in South America and saw these rodents, they seemed very similar to them. Therefore, they began to eat them without hesitation. After all, if you take a closer look at the guinea pig, you can see some similarities with a grunting animal. For example, such as short legs, pretty on a short neck and plump body.

Second version

According to other sources, the next version as to why the guinea pig is a pig appeared due to the behavior of the animal. The fact is that when a rodent is anxious, wants to eat, is very dissatisfied with something, or, on the contrary, is in a great mood, glad to see its owner, it makes peculiar sounds that look like grunting or squealing. Which of these two versions is reliable, no one knows for sure. We can only say one thing - the guinea pig owes its name to the Spaniards. Why the animal is called that, we have found out, but not completely. It remains to figure out why the guinea pig is.

Overseas little animal

On this occasion, there is an assumption that in Europe these rodents spread from west to east, and the name that we have today indicates that the animals were brought on ships from across the sea, that is, from the very beginning there were overseas pigs. These cute little animals, which are unpretentious in maintenance and nutrition and easily trained, were the favorite companions of sailors. But in fact, guinea pigs hate water, so do not try to teach your pet to swim, he will simply drown.

Another interesting riddle

Guinea pig - that's what the guinea pig is called in English. As for the translation, there are two versions. According to one assumption, the animal is called "Guinean" in translation because in English. Guinea - Guinea. Perhaps this version was formed due to the incorrect fact that African Guinea is the birthplace of guinea pigs. According to the second version, when the animals were brought to Europe, they were very expensive, respectively, hence (perhaps) the name guinea pig came from - “a pig for a guinea”. This price was high for the vast majority of the population. It is difficult to give preference to one of these versions. However, in any case, the animals are still paying for the speculations of the pioneers.

cute pets

We tried to figure out why a guinea pig is a pig, and where such a name came from. One thing can be said for sure - if you get such a pet, then a lot of positive emotions are guaranteed to you. It is desirable for guinea pigs to live at home in a high cage with a deep tray, and as bedding, you can use sawdust, hay or specific fillers that are sold in specialty stores. Rodents eat with pleasure grain crops. A very important condition for their normal life is a sufficient amount of clean water for drinking, preferably with the addition of vitamin C. But in general, animals are sociable, inquisitive, intelligent. Within a few days, they will begin to respond to the nickname and will be able to sleep peacefully in your arms. They will become a real and full member of your family.

If you decide to buy yourself a pet rodent, you should come to the pet store or the bird market, which is not there. Among the huge variety of rats, mice, hamsters, eyes run wide, who is better to choose.

For lovers of active animals, a chinchilla hamster is the best choice. And if you need a more balanced rodent, opt for guinea pigs. These calm, neat animals that do not gnaw on people will live with you for several years, and will give you many unforgettable and joyful memories.

Description and features of the guinea pig

Guinea pigs, and therefore marine, as they came to us from abroad. It would be correct to call them overseas, even overseas, because they were brought from the distant American continent. Residents of Europe call them in their own way - Indian and Guinean, as well as mouse pigs.

Mammals belong to a species domestic maritime pigs, a group of rodents. In the south of America, the homeland of marine rodents, where they just do not live, in marshes, foothills, plains and forests.

These rodents, in the wild, live in a group of twenty individuals, and the leader is always at the head of the family. Everyone respects and fears him, and in response he actively defends his flock and territory.

Because the main one is the one who is larger and stronger than the rest of the pigs. All day long, these defenseless animals hide in shelters, and at night they get out of them and go looking for themselves, something to eat. In the natural environment, the number of overseas pigs is quite large, because the animals breed all year round.

These animals have lived on our planet for many thousands of years. During excavations, archaeologists have repeatedly found ancient drawings with their image, and mummified remains. The people who lived at that time bred and kept them in order to eat them later, because the meat guinea pigs dietary, it was equated to the meat of birds or rabbits.

In the eighteenth century, the rodent reached Russia, but already as a decorative, funny pet. These animals have a plump, neat and compact body, thirty centimeters long.

There is no tail at all, the paws are tiny in size, with well-defined thin fingers, the hind limbs are slightly larger than the front ones. The muzzle of the pigs is large with a blunt nose, their ears are small, in their shape they are erect or slightly drooping, depending on what breed the animal is. Adult males weigh a little more than one kilogram, smaller females - 800 grams.

Breeders have bred dozens of different breeds of domestic marine rodents. Outwardly, they are all the same, and only the color, length and stiffness of their fur coat can distinguish them from each other. look a photo the most common breeds maritime pigs.

In pigs with smooth and short hair, the coat is spotted, or two or three colors. Rodents of these breeds are called - Self, Satin, Himalayan, Agouti, Chalay. They come in only three colors - red, black and brown with a pleasant to the touch, soft pile. Wire-haired pigs with short tousled hair are called Rex.

There are very unusual, different pets, their breed also has an interesting name - Rosette, they have nothing to do with electricity. Although after an electric shock, the wool would probably look like this.

The pile lies as if someone pressed it, randomly turned it to the sides, and fixed it. American and English Cresteds wear a woolen rosette in the middle of their foreheads. Ridgebacks have a rosette on the sacrum, and in the middle of the back, a mound of wool sticks out. Well, in the first place are the Abyssinians, their sockets are located randomly throughout the body.

The longest-haired of all types of guinea pigs are Cornet and Sheltie. Their pile, growing in the direction from the muzzle to the end of the body, is beautifully divided into both sides by a parting on the back. In Peru, on the contrary, the fur coat is worn back to front, hanging over the eyes. Alpaco, Textel and Merino have not only long, but also beautifully curled coats.

Very rare and uncommon breeds maritime pigs, such as Kui are distinguished by the fact that they are vylik compared to their counterparts. Galloway is a new species of sea pigs, they were recently noticed and officially recognized.

They are of an interesting color, the whole body is black, and only its middle is surrounded by a wide white belt, this feature distinguishes them from all other relatives. Skinny pigs - these little animals wear wool only on their small paws and the tip of their nose.

The rest of the body is hairless, and even transparent. Baldwin's offspring are born with wool, but during the period of growing up, it falls out. And already formed, fully developed overseas animal is completely bald.

Guinea pig at home

These crumbs are the sweetest creatures and when compared with all animals that belong to the rodent family, they are the least biting. in good and favorable home, guinea pigs very affectionate, trusting and quiet.

They are not noisy at all, they will not run for hours in a drum, like hamsters. Maritime pigs can be filmed without problems video for home viewing, you do not have to run around the room with a camera or crawl under the sofa.

Climbing to the surface where you place it, it will examine the indoor attractions with surprise and curiosity. Then businesslike, slowly going to look for something. Make sure that when looking for something, your pet does not find an electrical wire.

She happily climbs into the arms of her master, and begins to purr. But you have to be careful, otherwise falling from a height, the animal can be severely injured.

AT home content maritime pigs know that they yearn alone and need company, so it's best to take a couple with you. And one more thing, pigs are shy and from loud sounds and sudden movements they can even die of fear.

Despite the fact that the animals are nocturnal, they will not disturb your sleep and peace in any way. In the dark, they have only one concern - to eat well.

Be observant and attentive to your pet, because if the pig gets into a stressful situation, or she has depression, she starts to overeat, which is fraught with obesity.

Guinea pig price

Buying a guinea pig in the nursery, you must understand that its cost will be too high. Pigs are prolific animals, so you can buy them without any problems from a neighbor in the landing, and from a granny in the market, and from a classmate at school.

By purchasing maritime pig in nursery, you will be fully acquainted with the history of her family. Because siblings will have weak and sickly offspring.

The cost of pigs depends on age and breed. Not expensive, around three hundred rubles, there are simple short-haired pigs. Sockets will already be more expensive, from five hundred and above. Well, the most expensive breeds of these rodents are long-haired pigs and Baldwins. Their price range is from one and a half to two thousand rubles.

pet care

In the care and maintenance of a guinea pig you won't have any difficulty. All she needs is a light, wide cage. It is important here that it be a cage, not a glass jar or a spacious terrarium, because in such containers the animal overheats and dies.

Be sure to buy and put a wooden house in a cage, your pet should have its own shelter. A drinking bowl with clean water, a feeder, it’s good if the food plate is ceramic, not plastic, and a hay fixture.

At the bottom cells for guinea pig there must be a filler, you can use sawdust, though there will be a lot of garbage from them. Or you can buy wood pellets at the pet store, they are not expensive and are perfect for your pet, because they can still be chewed.

courting behind guinea pig, so that unpleasant odors do not bring discomfort to your home, change the filler at least once a week. Guinea pigs are neat, so they go to the toilet in the same place.

You need to clean your plate of food every day so that the smell from yesterday's apple does not spoil your air. Keep an eye on your pet's claws and trim them with special scissors during them.

The cage with your pet must be installed in the right place so that there is no draft or hot sun, because these conditions are detrimental to guinea pigs. Also, it is desirable that the cage with the animal does not stand on the floor, choose a place for it so that the pig sees both its owner and what is happening around it.

Feed your guinea pig mainly on hay, supplemented with small amounts of dried vegetables and fruits, or purchase a balanced diet from the pet store.

Do not give them citrus fruits, otherwise you will not be able to understand later, why maritime piggy got sick. From time to time put a piece of hard bread or a twig from a tree in the animal's cage to grind down the teeth.

If, when purchasing a female guinea pig, you do not want offspring from her in the future, in this case it is better to immediately sterilize the animal, without sexual intimacy, she develops ovarian disease.

When a couple of guinea pigs live with you in the house, you will soon expect a lot of offspring. When the female is pregnant, it is better to put the male in another cage or make a partition. Two months later, babies will be born, usually up to six of them are born.

The mother will take care of the children and feed them with her milk for a whole month, then they need to be separated. In favorable conditions, with proper maintenance and care guinea pigs live up to eight years old.

Guinea pig is a kind and harmless animal

domestic guinea pig(lat. Cavia porcellus) is a mammal belonging to the order of rodents of the mumps family. More and more Russians prefer this cute and harmless animal as a pet.

Relatives and ancestors

All representatives of the guinea pig subfamily come from South America, where they are widely distributed. One of them - Cavia aperea tschudii - lives in Peru. Our domestic guinea pigs originated from this subspecies. Their domestication began since the time of the Incas, during which they were first sacrificial, and then meat animals.

It should be noted that domestic guinea pigs are still considered good food by the Indians of the High Andes. To this end, today large guinea pigs weighing 2.5 kg or more are bred in Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia. Every year, Peruvian guinea pigs produce about 17 thousand tons of meat.

After the discovery of America in 1592, guinea pigs came to Spain and Portugal, and then to Great Britain and Holland. At first they were rare and expensive. By the way, it is believed that it was its cost (guinea) that determined the name of the pig in English - “guinea pig”.

Domestic domesticated guinea pig received its own Latin name Cavia porcellus.

breeds

Guinea pigs are very popular as pets today.

There are several breeds of guinea pigs that differ in the type of coat. The most common of them:

American, or short-haired guinea pigs - with short, smooth hair;
Abyssinian, or wire-haired, or rosette - with short, hard hair in the form of rosettes;
angora - with long soft fluffy hair;
sheltie - with long hair adjacent to the body;
koropets - shelties with a rosette on their heads - a “crown”;
English crested pigs - short-haired pigs with a rosette on their heads;
tessel - long-haired pigs with strongly wavy hair.

Care, proper feeding

The coat of some breeds needs to be brushed.

The future owner needs to carefully approach the issue of choosing a cage for his new pet. It can be made of plastic, wood or metal. At the same time, you can’t keep the animal in a cage that is too small - its dimensions should not be less than 30x40 cm. A piece of hard wood should be placed in the cage so that the animals can grind their incisors. It is impossible to have objects made of thin plastic in the cage, because the pigs can chew them and swallow the pieces. To avoid an unpleasant odor from the animal, the cage must be cleaned every 2-3 days. You can equip a restroom in it by placing a small trough with sawdust.

Guinea pigs are afraid of drafts and high humidity, so the cage should be placed away from batteries, in a well-lit (but not in bright sun!) Place. The required temperature is 18-20°C.

In the warm season, pet pigs can be kept outdoors. However, the "summer house" must be protected from rain and wind, as well as direct sunlight.

In general, caring for guinea pigs is easy. Animals with normal fur and rosettes, when kept clean, do not need to be combed at all. In long-haired breeds, it is necessary to comb the coat regularly - especially on the lower back, because the fur coat of the animal falls off most often there. If the hairs are rolled up, you can cut them off.

Guinea pigs do not bathe, they do not like it. If you are determined to “ennoble” the animal, use a mild baby shampoo, which must be rinsed very thoroughly, and then dry the hair with a hairdryer, keeping the animal warm so that it does not freeze. It is necessary to trim the claws, but a little and carefully.

Pigs need food rich in fiber - then they will have a beautiful shiny coat. In addition, guinea pigs eat hay and green food, love carrots, lettuce, broccoli, cucumbers, apples.

Guinea pig and other pets

A distinctive feature of guinea pigs is complete indifference to other animals. Such a reaction can be life-threatening for the animal if it encounters a predatory animal. Therefore, pigs should not be kept with other pets that can harm them.

Each of us, at least once, but wondered where the names of certain objects, animals, plants and, in general, everything that surrounds us came from. It happens that explanations are found very quickly and simply, but it also happens that you have to dig. Today we propose to figure out together why a cute fluffy rodent is called a guinea pig, and what can be common between this small animal and artiodactyl with a piglet.

What is the name of the guinea pig in different languages

The name of the animal in other countries in different languages is as follows:

German - Meerchwein (Merschwein) - Guinea pig;
English - guinea pig (Gany Pig) - Guinea pig, domestic cavy (domestic kevy) - domestic pig;
Spanish - conejillo de Indias (conejiyo de indes) - Indian pig;
Polish - swinka morska (marine pig);
French - сochon d'Inde (koshun dadnde) - Indian pig;
Ukrainian - guinea pig, guinea pig.

Despite the fact that in English-speaking countries the animal is called Guinea, the pig also remains, just like in Spanish and French, where it is called the Indian pig. Now we also use one of the English names and call the animal Kevy.

Did you know? The duration of sleep of furry rodents is only 10 minutes, but at least several times a day.

History of the origin of the name

The fact that in some languages a land rodent that cannot swim is called a sea rodent is actually very simply explained: the birthplace of animals is South America and, accordingly, they were brought from across the ocean and therefore called overseas.

Because of the look

No matter how strange it may sound, but if you look closely at the rodent, you can find a certain resemblance to pigs. For example, the fact that they have a disproportionately large head relative to the body, like pigs. The short neck and legs also indicate a certain resemblance to piglets. Non-domesticated rodents have a rather coarse coat that resembles pig bristles. The claws on the small paws look like miniature hooves. It is also customary to attribute the absence of a tail to the Kevy.

Important! Zoologists classify the rodent as a member of the Mumps family (Semi-ungulates), their closest relatives are squirrels, rabbits and beavers.

Because of the habitat

In ancient times, when transported on ships, rodents were kept in compartments intended for pigs. The small animal is as voracious as artiodactyls, but it does not require too much space to grow, so it was very convenient to keep them on ships. Perhaps it was then that sailors noticed certain similarities with piglets, and this played a role in the origin of the name of the rodent.

Important! In Peru, these rodents are habitual food, not pets, and up to 65 million rodents are eaten there annually.

It should also be noted that kewi meat is dietary, it is somewhat reminiscent of rabbit meat. In South America, rodents are still raised for food. They are kept in special utility rooms, just like pigs are bred here. Naturally, such animals are larger in size than their domesticated relatives.
Before preparing a dish from such meat, the carcasses are scalded with boiling water in order to make it easier to separate the wool, they do the same with pork in order to get rid of the bristles.

Because of the sounds

Kevy are very sociable, they are able to make a large number of sounds, each of which means what they want now. According to the melody, some of the sounds that this rodent makes strongly resemble artiodactyls, perhaps because of this the animals were called pigs.

In moments of pleasure and complete calm, guinea pigs grunt or snort. And if the rodent is afraid of something, then it starts to squeal, such a squeal is very similar to a pig's and signals that the animal is experiencing discomfort. When the animal wants to eat or just wants to be noticed, he whistles.

Did you know? Some believe that Catholic priests have something to do with why the guinea pig got its name. After all, it turns out that due to the fact that it is sea, rodent meat is not meat at all, but fish, which means that it can be eaten even during fasting.

Due to origin

Regarding the English version, there are several theories why the pig was called Guinean. The first is due to the fact that trade with the Guinean coast at the time of the appearance of pigs in Europe was much more developed than with South America, and Guinea was erroneously ranked as part of India. The second version of the origin of the name is that initially rodents were not used as pets, but were eaten.

Accordingly, such meat was sold in the markets, and paid for it with English coins, which were called guinea (until 1816). Perhaps that is why the literal translation sounds like “a pig for a guinea”, that is, for a coin. The export of rodents to Europe was carried out from Guiana, and perhaps there was simply confusion in the names, and the rodent was called "Guinean" by mistake.

Now you know what kewi is called in other countries, and also that there are still certain similarities in the appearance and behavior of piglets and rodents. We will not undertake to state unequivocally where the name of the small fluffy animal came from, let everyone choose a theory that seems more plausible to him.