What are monsoons. Monsoons. Warm rains and icy winds

Under monsoons understand fairly stable air currents of a seasonal nature, changing direction from winter to summer to the opposite or close to the opposite.

The concept of a monsoon is always the concept of a pair of monsoons (one cannot, for example, speak of a summer monsoon if there is no corresponding winter monsoon).

It is generally believed that the occurrence of monsoons is due to seasonal temperature contrasts between land and sea, and that the winter monsoon is always dry and the summer monsoon is always wet (brings precipitation). As S.P. Khromov showed, such ideas cannot be considered as unconditionally correct.

The change of monsoons obviously depends on the change in the pressure regime, but the latter is not connected only with thermal differences between continents and oceans. In this regard, one should distinguish between tropical and extratropical monsoons.

Tropical monsoons are due to thermal differences between the summer and winter hemispheres; the distribution of land and sea only reinforces, complicates or stabilizes this phenomenon. In January, an almost continuous chain of anticyclones is located in the northern hemisphere: permanent subtropical ones over the oceans, seasonal ones over the continents. At the same time, the equatorial depression shifted there lies in the southern hemisphere. As a result, air is transported from the northern hemisphere to the southern. In July, with an inverse ratio of baric systems, air is transferred across the equator from the southern hemisphere to the northern. Thus, tropical monsoons are nothing more than trade winds, which, in some strip close to the equator, acquire a new property - a seasonal change in the general direction. With the help of tropical monsoons, air is exchanged between the hemispheres, and not between land and sea, especially since in the tropics the thermal contrast between land and sea is generally small. So, for example, the monsoon current, which originates in an anticyclone over northern Australia and goes to Asia, is directed, in essence, from one continent to another; the ocean in this case serves only as an intermediate territory. The monsoons in Africa are the exchange of air between the land of the same continent lying in different hemispheres, and over the part of the Pacific Ocean the monsoon blows from the oceanic surface of one hemisphere to the oceanic surface of the other.

The area of ​​distribution of tropical monsoons lies entirely between 20 ° N. sh. and 15°S sh. It covers tropical Africa north of the equator, eastern Africa south of the equator, southern Arabia, the Indian Ocean to Madagascar in the west and northern Australia in the east, the Hindustan Peninsula, Indochina, Indonesia (excluding Sumatra), eastern China, and South America Colombia with neighboring countries.

Another thing is extratropical monsoons, in the formation of which the thermal contrast between land and sea plays a decisive role. Here monsoons occur between seasonal anticyclones and depressions, some of which lie on the mainland, others on the ocean. Thus, the winter monsoon of the Far East is a consequence of the interaction of the anticyclone over Asia (with its center in Mongolia) and the constant Aleutian depression; summer - a consequence of an anticyclone over the northern part of the Pacific Ocean and a depression over the extratropical part of the Asian continent. At the same time, all these depressions and anticyclones are not some special formations, but are associated with cyclonic activity; consequently, the monsoon must be considered here as a succession of air transfers in the course of this cyclonic activity.

Extratropical monsoons are best expressed in the Far East (including Kamchatka), the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Japan, Alaska, and the coast of the Arctic Ocean.

Thus, monsoons do not have an independent origin. They are always only a special form of either trade winds or cyclonic activity and, therefore, not only do they not differ in nature from trade winds or cyclonic currents, but, on the contrary, are genetically related to them in the closest way.

Monsoons create a characteristic weather regime, but not everywhere the same: the winter monsoon is not always dry, the summer monsoon is not always wet. And in the Malay Archipelago, and in Japan, and in the Far East, the climate is monsoon; in the first, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year; in Japan, the winter is not at all dry, and in the Far East, there is a very large contrast between dry winters and rich summers.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

When only sailing ships plowed the seas and oceans, many Arabs went in June-July to fabulously rich India. At this time, the south-west wind inflated the sails of the ships and they quite quickly passed from the coast of South Arabia to the peninsulas of Indostan and Indochina. In the winter months, the ships were loaded with the necessary goods and went back. And again a fair wind, but now blowing in the opposite direction, drove the ships.

The wind that helped the sailors so much, the Arabs called "mausim", which in their language means "season", "season". The name of the wind was given quite aptly, because it really blew in one direction in one season (in summer), and in the opposite direction in another season (in winter). Subsequently, the French began to pronounce this word in their own way - “monsoon”; with a slight change, it came into use of all peoples.

Territories that are subject to the action of the monsoons are said to have a monsoonal climate. The monsoon climate is observed in certain regions of the Far East, on the Korean peninsulas, Indochina, Hindustan and in a number of other regions, but it is most pronounced in India.

Monsoons in India

Summer monsoons in India sometimes come quickly, suddenly. Just yesterday, the hot southern sun mercilessly burned, and it seems that there is nothing in the world that would moderate its heat, but today on the horizon, where the mighty chest of the ocean touches the sky, it turned blue. There is no limit to the joy of local residents: the long-awaited monsoon is finally coming.

- Mansoon, mansun, - is heard everywhere (as the Indians call the monsoons). After a few hours, the sky turns lead-black, the sea begins to worry, the waves crash against the shore with a roar. And over land, complete calm. Everything seems to calm down, as it happens before a thunderstorm. And suddenly lightning cuts the sky, peals of thunder and the sound of the surf will drown out human voices, streams of rain rush to the parched land.

And this four-kilometer thick cloud, from which streams of rain fall, cut by arrows of lightning, moves for about a month from the ocean to the Himalayan mountains.

Rain pours day and night like a bucket, thunder peals almost do not stop. A day passes, two, ten days, a month passes, the second, and the rain comes and goes with short breaks. Yearning for moisture, nature is transformed. Delicate greenery covers fields, meadows and trees. material from the site

But here comes autumn. The land cools and again becomes colder than the sea. The pressure over the land begins to grow, and the wind blows again, but towards the warmer sea, transferring dry air from the continent to the ocean. The summer monsoon ends, the sky clears of clouds and turns blue. Now, for six months, India will be dominated by continental air masses coming from the north of the country. At this time, dry, clear weather is in most of the country. Dryness and temperature increase from month to month. In March-April during the day the air temperature reaches 30°C, and at the end of May in some areas it reaches 50°C. In those places where there is no artificial irrigation, the vegetation burns out; from the unbearable heat, the trees shed their leaves; the dust raised by the wind obscures the horizon. From excessive dryness here and there fires break out. At night, the heat subsides somewhat and people can take a break from the heat of the day. When the sun rises, people close their windows, and on the doors, many hang wickerwork made of grass, richly moistened with water.

At the end of winter, the air over India gets very warm. A low atmospheric pressure is established over the country. Moist ocean air moves and goes to land. The summer monsoon is back in India.

Monsoon is Arabic for "season". Monsoon A wind that changes direction twice a year. During the summer season, the monsoon blows from the sea to the land; during the winter season, on the contrary, from the land to the sea.

A pioneer must always be ready. I realized this when I swam out of the downpour wet to ... in short, completely wet. Since then, my motto has been: “Always check the weather forecast, always study the climate of the place you are going to, and always carry an umbrella and a bag in which to wrap valuable electronic devices.” In places where the monsoons blow, this is especially true.

Monsoon - changeable wind

Winds are not very associated with constancy, but monsoons are a separate story. They paradoxically combine both variability and constancy. These winds blow in winter and summer, but in opposite (or close to opposite) directions! In summer - from the ocean to the continent, in winter - vice versa. Such frills are associated with changes in atmospheric pressure during the year.

When leaving, the monsoons always promise to return. These winds are not an accidental phenomenon, but part of an established weather pattern. However, even monsoons sometimes have interruptions, especially within one season.

In spring and autumn, the monsoons have a "vacation", at this time other winds blow, much less stable.

With the monsoons come heavy rains. And these are not the kind of rains under which it is pleasant to walk. They will please only those who like to take a shower, but do not want to pay for water.

Warm rains and icy winds

Most often they talk about the monsoons of tropical and subtropical latitudes with their heavy rains. But there are monsoons in temperate latitudes. And there they are such that it would be better if it rained, by God.

The East Asian monsoon affects part of the Russian Far East. In summer, it carries warm and humid air, but in winter, East Asian monsoon winds:

• bring cold and dry weather;
• cause severe blizzards;
• in some regions they can "lower" the temperature down to -40 ° C.

Brr, when I imagine such a weather, and even with an icy wind, I already cringe.

Typhoons bring the same Asian monsoons to Japan.

Terrible winds, but still necessary for nature and man. After all, monsoons are not only unpleasant weather, but also a full part of the climate and ecosystem.

(presumably from Arabic mausim) - the winds of the seasons, or blowing from opposite directions in summer and winter. The summer monsoons blow from the sea and bring wet, rainy weather, in winter from the land and bring clear and dry weather.

The classic country of monsoons is India (see the corresponding article). The correct change of winds on the seas washing India (northeast in winter, southwest in summer) is so important for navigation that the monsoons were known from ancient times to navigators who sailed to India. The Europeans got acquainted with them during the campaigns of Alexander the Great, and the Chinese, Arabs and Phoenicians, of course, were aware of the monsoons much earlier.

On the Indian mainland, the beginning of the rainy summer monsoon is as important as our spring, and the awakening of nature after a long drought is even faster than in the spring in our north. The beginning of the monsoon is sung in many poetic works of India. The region of the Indian, or, more precisely, South Asian monsoon, captures, in addition to India, the Zagang Peninsula or Indochina (see the corresponding article), then China.

Japan, Manchuria and the Amur Territory are in the region East Asian monsoon(see "Climate of the monsoon region of East Asia", "Izvestiya Imp.

Russian Geographical Society "for 1879). Here, not northeast and southwest winds are replaced, as on the shores of southern India, but northwest, dry and cold in winter and southeast. wet and rainy in summer.

In this part of Asia the monsoons, therefore, go far to the north of the tropic, to 55° north latitude and even farther north.

African monsoon occurs between 5 ° and 17 ° north latitude almost throughout the African continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the west to the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea to the east.

Here also dry northern and northeastern winds dominate in winter, all the more dry because they blow from the Sahara, the most extensive desert of the globe; in summer they are replaced by humid and rainy winds from the south and southwest. The Arabs call this season kharif.

Finally, in the northern part of Australia and the Malay Archipelago - the region Australian monsoons, wet and rainy from the northwest, during the summer of the southern hemisphere (our winter) dry and relatively cold from the southeast in winter. From this it can be seen that real monsoons are characteristic of the eastern and equatorial shores and slopes of vast continents (i.e., southern in the northern hemisphere and northern in the southern hemisphere). The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows.

Consider the equatorial (southern) shores of a large mainland. In winter, north of the sea, the air will be colder and denser, both influenced by higher latitude and position on the mainland. Therefore, the pressure will be higher, and the air will flow to the south, i.e. to the sea, deviating due to the rotation of the earth to the right, i.e., the northeast wind will dominate. This air will be dry, both because it moves from a colder region to a warmer one, i.e., moves away from saturation, and because its movement is downward (see.

In winter, over the mainland in tropical countries and low mid-latitudes, the temperature is higher than over the sea, the air density in the lower layer is lower, this helps to reduce pressure over the mainland, so the air rushes from the sea to the mainland, deviating due to the rotation of the Earth, to the right, i.e. The wind is southwest. Moist on its own, this air becomes even wetter as it rises up the mountain slopes, cooling and approaching saturation as it rises. Similar phenomena occur on the eastern shores and slopes of the mainland. In winter, the air flows down to the sea, in the form of a north-western cold and dry current; in summer, the movement of a warm and humid southeast wind from the sea to the mainland.

This text was written using material from
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus F.A. and Efron I.A. (1890-1907).

English
monsoon– monsoon
wind - wind
change of winds - change of winds

<< Назад: Общий список терминов связанных с погодой

Travel, Leisure

What is the monsoon season?

The time when most Europeans begin their vacation and summer vacations, in traditionally popular holiday destinations in Southeast Asia, as well as in the equatorial part of Africa, the monsoon season begins, which can spoil such a long-awaited vacation. Therefore, when going on a tour of India, Bali, Vietnam and some other countries, it is important to ask about the weather forecast for the tour. What is the monsoon season and what can you expect from it?

From the course of geography, you can find out that monsoons are called strong steady winds, in which the direction of movement of air masses depends on the time of year. Monsoons predominantly prevail in the tropical latitudes of the Earth, although they are present in a weakly expressed form in the northern parts of the subtropics and southern regions of temperate latitudes.

In winter, monsoon winds blow from the land towards the ocean, and in summer, on the contrary, from the ocean to land. All problems begin in the summer, because the air masses collect moisture over the ocean expanses, from which they are then released, pouring it out on the mainland in showers. The peculiarity of this rain is its special strength and duration. Sometimes it can go on endlessly for several days or weeks, flooding the territory. The countries of Southeast Asia very often suffer from floods caused by monsoon rains: crops are flooded, buildings collapse, people die. This climate is called monsoonal.

The rainiest place on the planet is the Indian city of Cherrapunji. During the month of the rainy season, a water column 10 m high can easily pour out here. And the famous mountain Wai-ale-ale in the Hawaiian archipelago is almost always shrouded in a veil of rain - precipitation is observed here 300 days a year. On average, more than 10 m of precipitation falls here per year.

Advice to those vacationers who are going on vacation to tropical countries: at least in general terms, study the climate of the country of travel, and be sure to find out the weather report for the near future in order to adjust the departure time and not regret the lost vacation.

Variable winds (air currents) are monsoons (Arab, mawsim - season). These are winds that change their direction twice a year: in summer they blow from sea to land, in winter - from land to sea. The reason for the change in direction is that in winter and summer, different pressures are established over land and sea, and the wind always blows from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure. In summer, the mainland heats up more (because the land heats up faster than water). Air from the mainland heats up, it expands, becomes light and rises, so a low pressure area is established above the ground. The ocean heats up more slowly, an area of ​​high pressure is established above it, and the wind begins to blow from the ocean to land. It brings not very hot, but moisture-saturated air, from which precipitation falls. In winter, the mainland cools much faster than the ocean, and an area of ​​high pressure is established above it. An area of ​​low pressure is forming over the ocean. The winter monsoon blows from the mainland to the ocean and carries cold, dry air. The climate of the Russian Far East is highly dependent on the monsoonal circulation.

Constant and variable winds - air currents - are part of the general system of atmospheric circulation.

Story

Even in the Middle Ages, when only sailing ships plowed the sea and ocean, many Arabs went in June - July to fabulously rich India. At this time, the south-west wind inflated the sails of the ships and they quite quickly passed from the coast of South Arabia to the peninsulas of Indostan and Indochina. In the winter months, the ships were loaded with the necessary goods and went back. And again a fair wind, but now blowing in the opposite direction, drove the ships.

The wind that helped the sailors so much, the Arabs called "mausim", which in their language means "season", "season". The name of the wind was given quite aptly, because in one season (in summer) it really blew in one direction, in another season (in winter) - in the opposite direction. Subsequently, the French began to pronounce this word in their own way - “monsoon”; with a slight change, it came into use of all peoples.

Spreading

Territories that are subject to the action of the monsoons are said to have a monsoonal climate. The monsoon climate is observed in certain regions of the Far East, on the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, Hindustan and in a number of other regions, but it is most pronounced in India.

Description of the monsoon

Monsoons in India

Summer monsoons in India sometimes come quickly, suddenly. Just yesterday, the hot southern sun mercilessly burned, and it seems that there is nothing in the world that would moderate its heat, but today on the horizon, where the mighty chest of the ocean touches the sky, it turned blue. There is no limit to the joy of local residents: the long-awaited monsoon is finally coming.

- Mansoon, mansun, - is heard everywhere (as the Indians call the monsoons). After a few hours, the sky turns lead-black, the sea begins to worry, the waves crash against the shore with a roar. And over land, complete calm. Everything seems to calm down, as it happens before a thunderstorm. And suddenly lightning cuts the sky, peals of thunder and the sound of the surf will drown out human voices, streams of rain rush to the parched land.

And this four-kilometer thick cloud, from which streams of rain fall, cut by lightning bolts, moves for about a month from the ocean to the Himalayan mountains.

Rain pours day and night like a bucket, thunder peals almost do not stop. A day passes, two, ten days, a month passes, the second, and the rain comes and goes with short breaks. Yearning for moisture, nature is transformed. Delicate greenery covers fields, meadows and trees. Material from the site http://wikiwhat.ru

But here comes autumn. The land cools and again becomes colder than the sea. The pressure over the land begins to grow, and the wind blows again, but towards the warmer sea, transferring dry air from the continent to the ocean.

The summer monsoon ends, the sky clears of clouds and turns blue. Now, for six months, India will be dominated by continental air masses coming from the north of the country. At this time, dry, clear weather is in most of the country. Dryness and temperature increase from month to month. In March-April during the day the air temperature reaches 30°C, and at the end of May in some areas it reaches 50°C. In those places where there is no artificial irrigation, the vegetation burns out; from the unbearable heat, the trees shed their leaves; the dust raised by the wind obscures the horizon. From excessive dryness here and there fires break out. At night, the heat subsides somewhat and people can take a break from the heat of the day. When the sun rises, people close their windows, and on the doors, many hang wickerwork made of grass, richly moistened with water.

At the end of winter, the air over India gets very warm. A low atmospheric pressure is established over the country. Moist ocean air moves and goes to land. The summer monsoon is back in India.

Monsoon is Arabic for "season". Monsoon A wind that changes direction twice a year. During the summer season, the monsoon blows from the sea to the land; during the winter season, on the contrary, from the land to the sea.

On this page, material on the topics:

• What is monsoon definition grade 6

• Musons concept

• Wind monsoon occasions

• Additional monsoon wave material

• In what direction do summer monsoons blow and why do they form

Questions for this article:

• In which direction do the summer monsoons blow?

• Describe winters in India.

Material from the site http://WikiWhat.ru

Musoni- stays in the lower ball of the troposphere, which alternately change its direction twice on the river.

Winter monsoon can go straight from dry land to the sea, summer - from the sea to dry land.

Characteristic areas of the monsoons are the shores of the continents, as well as the tropical latitudes of the pivnichnoy pivkul.

Width[ed. ed. the code]

The greatest strength and swidkistyu monsoon winds are in some areas of the tropics (especially in equatorial Africa, the edges of Pivdennoy and Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia near Pivdenny pivkul right up to the peninsular parts of Madagascar). In weaker forms in the bordering territories, monsoons appear in subtropical latitudes (zocrema, on the Mediterranean Sea and near Principal Africa, in the region of the Mexican inflow, on the convergence of Asia, near Pivdenniy America, on the peninsula of Africa and Australia). Musoni are found in certain areas of middle and high latitudes (for example, on the Far Skhodі, on the Alaska Pivdni, along the Pivnichniy outskirts of Eurasia). In a number of places, there is less of a trend until the monsoon is settled, for example, there may be a seasonal change in the most important direct winds, but the rest are characterized by less seasonal stability.

Utvorennia [ed. ed. the code]

The monsoons repeat the currents, as if they all manifested a global circulation of the atmosphere, they are connected with rotting and interdependence of areas of low and high atmospheric pressure (cyclones and anticyclones). The specificity lies in the fact that during the monsoons, the mutual expansion of these areas is saved three times (by stretching the whole season), the destruction of this distribution is due to interruptions in the monsoon. In quiet areas of the Earth, decyclones and anticyclones are characterized by rapid movements and frequent changes, monsoons are not blamed. The vertical tension of the monsoon currents near the tropics becomes a snail 5-7 km, a narrow one - 2-4 km, more likely to be a high-level transfer of wind, domineering in the latitudes (similar - in the tropics, western - in higher high latitudes).

The main reason for the monsoon is the seasonal displacement of areas of atmospheric pressure and wind, caused by changes in the right sony radiation, as a result of this, - with the difference in the thermal regime on the surface of the Earth. From midnight to lime, the area of ​​low atmospheric pressure near the equator and the poles, as well as two zones of subtropical anticyclones near the skin pivkul, shift until midnight, and from lime to midnight - until pivdnya. At the same time, from these planetary zones of atmospheric pressure, the zones of winds move and overlap with them, which also may have global expansions, - the equatorial zone of winds, shifts in the tropics (pasati), winds of dead latitudes. Musoni are kept in quiet parts of the Earth, as if during one of the seasons in the middle of one such zone, and in the last season of fate - in the middle of the land, moreover, the regime of the wind during the season is steady. In this rank, he broke the Musons with a blaze of delusions with the laws of geographic zoning.

Another reason for the monsoons' dampening is the uneven heating (cooling) of the sea and the great landmasses. For example, over the territory of Asia, there is a tendency to increase the tendency to more repetition of anticyclones, and inflow - cyclones, in opposition to the waters that adjoin, oceans. The dawn of the presence of the majestic continent on the equatorial winds in the basins of the Indian Ocean inflow penetrate far into Pivdenna Asia, forming the summer rain-sunset monsoon. In pozatropіchnih latitudes zavdyaki stіykim Zimove anticyclones i lіtnіm Cyclones over Azієyu, Musoni sposterіgayutsya th in the far Shodі Russie (lіtnіy - Pivdenny i pіvdenno-skhіdny, wintering - pіvnіchny i pіvnіchno-zahіdny) i on pіvnіchnіy okraїnі Єvrazії (ulіtku perevaga pіvnіchno-skhіdnogo, uzimka - pivdenny and pivdenno-zahidnogo windshield).

Dzherelo [ed. ed. the code]

This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

A monsoon is often associated with heavy rains, a hurricane, or a typhoon. This is not entirely true: the monsoon is not just a storm, but rather a seasonal movement of wind over an area. As a result, there may be heavy summer rains and drought at other times of the year.

What causes monsoons?

The monsoon (from the Arabic mawsim, meaning "season") is due to the temperature difference between land and ocean, the National Weather Service explains. The sun warms the land and water differently, and the air begins to "tug of war" and wins over the colder, moister air from the ocean. At the end of the monsoon period, the winds turn back.

Wet and dry monsoons

The wet monsoons usually come in the summer months (April to September) bringing heavy rains. On average, about 75% of annual rainfall in India and about 50% in the North American region (according to a NOAA study) falls during the summer monsoon season. As mentioned above, wet monsoons bring ocean winds to land.

Dry monsoons occur in October-April. Dry air masses come to India from Mongolia and northwest China. They are more powerful than their summer counterparts. Edward Guinan, professor of astronomy and meteorology, states that the winter monsoon begins when "the land cools faster than water and high pressure builds up over the land, forcing ocean air out." The drought is coming.

Winds and rains

Every year the monsoons behave differently, bringing either light or heavy rains, as well as winds of various speeds. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology has compiled data showing India's annual monsoons over the past 145 years. The intensity of the monsoons, it turns out, varies over 30-40 years. Long-term observations show that there are periods with weak rains, one of these began in 1970, and there are heavy ones. Current records for 2016 showed that from June 1 to September 30, precipitation amounted to 97.3% of the seasonal norm.

The heaviest rains were observed in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya state in India, between 1860 and 1861, when 26,470 mm of rain fell in the region. The area with the highest average annual total (observations were made over 10 years) is also in the state of Meghalaya, where an average of 11,872 mm of precipitation fell.

Where are the monsoons

The places where the monsoons occur are the tropics (from 0 to 23.5 degrees north and south latitude) and the subtropics (between 23.5 and 35 degrees north and south latitude). The strongest monsoons are observed, as a rule, in India and South Asia, Australia and Malaysia. Monsoons are found in the southern regions of North America, in Central America, the northern regions of South America, and also in West Africa.

Monsoon influence

Monsoons play a decisive role in many areas of the globe. Agriculture in countries like India is heavily dependent on the rainy season. According to National Geographic, hydroelectric power plants also schedule their operation depending on the monsoon season.

When the world's monsoons are limited by light rainfall, crops don't get enough moisture and farm incomes decline. Electricity generation is declining, which is only enough for the needs of large enterprises, electricity becomes more expensive and becomes inaccessible to poor families. Due to the lack of own food products, imports from other countries are increasing.

During heavy rains, floods are possible, causing damage not only to crops, but also to people and animals. Excess rain promotes the spread of infections: cholera, malaria, as well as stomach and eye diseases. Many of these infections are spread by water, and overburdened water facilities are not up to the task of treating water for drinking and household needs.

The North American monsoon system is also causing the start of the fire season in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, the NOAA report said, due to an increase in lightning caused by changes in pressure and temperature. In some regions, tens of thousands of lightning strikes are observed overnight, causing fires, power failures and severe injuries to people.

Monsoons and global warming

A group of scientists from Malaysia warns that due to global warming, an increase in precipitation during the summer monsoons should be expected in the next 50-100 years. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide help trap even more moisture in the air, which rains down on already flooded areas. During the dry monsoon period, the land will dry out more due to the increase in air temperature.

On a small time scale, precipitation during the summer monsoon can change due to air pollution. El Niño (temperature fluctuations on the surface of the Pacific Ocean) also affects the Indian monsoon both in the short and long term, say researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Many factors can influence the monsoons. Scientists are doing their best to predict future rains and winds - the more we know about the behavior of the monsoon, the sooner preparatory work will begin.

When about half of India's population is employed in agriculture and agronomy accounts for roughly 18% of India's GDP, the timing of the monsoon and rainfall can be very difficult. But, research conducted by scientists can translate this problem into its solution.