What the ak 74 assault rifle consists of. Kalashnikov assault rifle: performance characteristics, device, modifications. Purpose of the main parts of the product
The Kalashnikov assault rifle is the main type of automatic small arms. It was created by the outstanding Soviet designer M. T. Kalashnikov. The machine has received wide recognition. It is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities. On the basis of this machine created and put into service Soviet army Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK) and other models of small arms with the most effective combat properties.
The honor of superiority in the creation of automatic weapons belongs to our Motherland. The world's first automatic pistol - the prototype of an automatic weapon - was designed by the outstanding Russian gunsmith V. G. Fedorov. A great contribution to the development of automatic weapons was made by V. A. Degtyarev and G. S. Shpagin.
Purpose, combat properties, general device of the machine
The upgraded Kalashnikov assault rifle (Fig. 25) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. AT hand-to-hand combat a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine.
From the machine is automatic (AB) or single (OD) fire (shooting with single shots). Automatic fire is the main type of fire.
General form Kalashnikov assault rifle: a - with a wooden butt (AKM);
b - with a folding butt (AKMS)
The combat properties of the machine are characterized by the data given in the table
Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine
The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms: 1-barrel with a receiver, sighting device and butt; 2-lids receiver; 3 bayonet-knives; 4-return mechanism; 5-bolt with gas piston; 6-gas tube with handguard; 7-shutter; 8 forearm; 9 store; 10-shock-trigger mechanism. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines. The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.
Trunk serves to direct the flight of the Bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet rotary motion. The gaps between the rifling are called fields, the distance between two opposite fields is called the caliber of the barrel.
In the breech, the bore is smooth, has the shape of a sleeve, this part of the bore is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.
The communication of the gas chamber with the bore is made through the gas outlet.
Trunk: a - general view; b - breech section; c - section of the trunk; 1 - sight block; 2 - coupling; 3 - gas chamber; 4 - gas outlet; 5 - front sight base; 6 - thread; 7 - chamber; 8 - recess for the barrel stud; 9 - pool entrance; 10 - threaded part; 11 - field; 12 - rifling
Receiverserves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure the closing of the bore by the shutter and the locking of the shutter. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver.
Receiver: 1 - transverse groove; 2 - longitudinal groove; 3 - limbs; 4 - guide ledge; 5 - jumper, 6 - reflective protrusion; 7 - cutouts; 8 - store latch
receiver coverprotects parts and mechanisms of the machine placed in the receiver from contamination.
Receiver cover: 1 - hole; 2 - stiffeners; 3 - stepped cutouts
sighting device serves to aim the machine gun when firing at targets at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight.
The aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the collar in established position with a spring latch. On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the corresponding firing range in hundreds of meters, the letter "P" - the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to sight 3.
Sighting device: a - sight; b - the base of the front sight; 1 - sight block; 2 - leaf spring; 3 - aiming bar; 4 - clamp; 5 - polozok with a front sight; 6 - fuse fuse
Bolt carrier with gas piston designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.
Bolt frame with gas piston: 1 - channel for the shutter; 2 - safety ledge; 3 - protrusion for lowering the self-timer lever; 4 - groove for bending the receiver; 5 - handle; 6 - groove for a reflective protrusion; 7 - curly cut; 8 - gas piston
Gateserves to send a cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.
Shutter: a - shutter frame; b - drummer; in - ejector. 1 - leading ledge; 2 - hole for the ejector axis; 3 - cutout for the ejector; 4 - cutout for the bottom of the sleeve; 5 - combat ledge; 6 - longitudinal groove for a reflective protrusion; 7 - ejector spring; 8 - axis of the ejector; 9 - hairpin
Return mechanismdesigned to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position
return mechanism. 1 - return spring; 2 - guide rod. 3 - movable rod; 4 - clutch
Gas tube with handguard serves to direct the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns when firing.
Gas tube with handguard: 1 - gas tube; 2 - guide ribs for the gas piston; 3 - front coupling; 4 - handguard; 5 - rear coupling; 6 - ledge
Stock and pistol gripprovide the convenience of shooting from a machine gun.
trigger mechanism is designed to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strike the striker, ensure automatic or single fire, stop firing, prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine to safety.
The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single fire sear with a spring, a self-timer with a spring and a translator.
The trigger with a mainspring is designed to strike the drummer. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger. The trigger retarder is used to slow down the movement of the trigger forward in order to improve the accuracy of combat during automatic fire. The trigger is designed to keep the trigger cocked and to pull the trigger; single fire whisper - to hold the trigger after firing in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. The purpose of the self-timer with a spring is to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked. The translator serves to set the machine to automatic and single fire or to the fuse.
Bayonet: 1 - blade; 2 - cutting edge; 3 - hole; 4 - saw; 5 - hook; 6 - belt; 7 - latch; 8 - safety ledge; 9 - longitudinal groove; 10 - tip screw; 11 - handle; 12 - ring
A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.
Sheath: 1 - pendant with carabiners; 2 - plastic housing; 3 - emphasis; 4 - protrusion-axis
The Kalashnikov assault rifle is the main type of automatic small arms. It was created by the outstanding Soviet designer M. T. Kalashnikov. The machine has received wide recognition. It is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities. On the basis of this machine gun, the Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK) and other models of small arms with the most effective combat properties were created and adopted by the Soviet Army.
The honor of superiority in the creation of automatic weapons belongs to our Motherland. The world's first automatic pistol - the prototype of an automatic weapon - was designed by the outstanding Russian gunsmith V. G. Fedorov. A great contribution to the development of automatic weapons was made by V. A. Degtyarev and G. S. Shpagin.
Purpose, combat properties, general device of the machine
The upgraded Kalashnikov assault rifle (Fig. 25) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. In hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun.
From the machine is automatic (AB) or single (OD) fire (shooting with single shots). Automatic fire is the main type of fire. The combat properties of the machine are characterized by the data given in table. 5.
The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 26): a barrel with a receiver, an aiming device and a butt; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop; bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines. The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.
Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine
Trunk(Fig. 27) serves to direct the Bullet's flight. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion. The gaps between the rifling are called fields, the distance between two opposite fields is called the caliber of the barrel.
In the breech, the bore is smooth, has the shape of a sleeve, this part of the bore is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.
Outside, the barrel has a thread on the muzzle, the front sight base, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.
The communication of the gas chamber with the bore is made through the gas outlet.
Receiver(Fig. 28) serves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, ensure the closing of the barrel bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver.
receiver cover(Fig. 29) protects parts and mechanisms of the machine gun placed in the receiver from contamination.
sighting device(Fig. 30) serves to aim the machine when firing at targets at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight.
The sight consists of a sight block, a leaf spring, an aiming bar and a collar.
The aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the yoke in the installed position using a spring latch. On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the corresponding firing range in hundreds of meters, the letter "P" - the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to sight 3.
For shooting at night, self-luminous attachments are used (on the mane of the aiming bar and front sight), as well as night sights.
The front sight is screwed into a runner, which is fixed at the base of the front sight. On the strip and on the base of the front sight there are risks that determine the position of the front sight.
Stock and pistol grip provide the convenience of shooting from a machine gun.
Bolt carrier with gas piston(Fig. 31) is designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.
Gate(Fig. 32) serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.
Return mechanism(Fig. 33) is designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position
Gas tube with handguard(Fig. 34) serves to direct the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns when firing.
trigger mechanism(Fig. 35) is designed to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strike the striker, ensure automatic or single fire, stop firing, prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine to safety.
The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single fire sear with a spring, a self-timer with a spring and a translator.
The trigger with a mainspring is designed to strike the drummer. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger. The trigger retarder is used to slow down the movement of the trigger forward in order to improve the accuracy of combat during automatic fire. The trigger is designed to keep the trigger cocked and to pull the trigger; single fire whisper - to hold the trigger after firing in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. The purpose of the self-timer with a spring is to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked. The translator serves to set the machine to automatic and single fire or to the fuse.
handguard(Fig. 36) serves for the convenience of operating the machine gun and for protecting hands from burns.
Score(Fig. 37) is designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.
Bayonet knife(Fig. 38) is attached to the machine gun before an attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).
A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a waist belt (Fig. 39). If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.
Disassembly and assembly
The disassembly and assembly of the machine is carried out on the machine table or on a clean bedding. Parts and mechanisms are stacked in the order of disassembly. Handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows.
Disassembly of the machine can be complete and incomplete. A complete disassembly of the machine is carried out for cleaning when the machine is heavily soiled, after being exposed to rain, sand or snow, when switching to another lubricant and during repairs. In all other cases, incomplete disassembly is performed.
The procedure for incomplete disassembly of the machine
Separate store(Fig. 40). Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, right hand grab the magazine by pressing the latch with your thumb, file lower part store ahead and separate it. After that, check if there is a cartridge in the chamber, for which move the translator down, pull the bolt handle back, inspect the chamber, release the bolt handle and pull the trigger from the cocking.
Take out the pencil case with accessories. Drown the cover of the butt socket with the finger of the right hand so that the pencil case comes out of the socket under the action of the spring; open the pencil case and remove the rubbing, brush, screwdriver, punch and hairpin from it. In a machine with a folding butt, a pencil case is worn in the pocket of a shopping bag.
Separate cleaning rod. Pull the end of the ramrod away from the barrel so that its head comes out from under the stop on the base of the front sight (Fig. 41), and remove the ramrod up.
Separate the receiver cover(Fig. 42). Grasp the neck of the stock with your left hand, press the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism with the thumb of this hand, lift up the back of the receiver cover with your right hand and separate the cover.
Separate return mechanism(Fig. 43). Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt, with your right hand move forward the guide rod of the return mechanism until its heel comes out of the longitudinal groove of the receiver; lift the rear end of the guide rod and remove the return mechanism from the channel of the bolt carrier.
Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt(Fig. 44). Continuing to hold the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand pull the bolt carrier back to failure, lift it together with the bolt and separate it from the receiver.
Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier(Fig. 45). Take the bolt carrier left hand with the bolt up, pull the bolt back with your right hand, turn it so that the leading ledge of the bolt comes out of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and pull the bolt forward.
Separate gas tube with handguard(Fig. 46). Holding the machine with your left hand, with your right hand, put the accessory case with a rectangular hole on the protrusion of the gas tube lock, turn the lock away from you to a vertical position and remove the gas tube from the gas chamber nozzle.
The order of assembly of the machine after incomplete disassembly
Attach the gas tube to the handguard. Holding the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand push the gas tube with its front end onto the gas chamber nozzle and press the rear end of the handguard against the barrel; turn the contactor towards you until its lock enters the slot on the sight block.
Attach bolt to bolt carrier. Take the bolt frame in your left hand, and the bolt in your right hand and insert it with a cylindrical part into the frame channel; rotate the bolt so that its leading ledge enters the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and move the bolt forward.
Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt to the receiver. Grasp the neck of the butt with your left hand. Holding the bolt carrier with the bolt in the right hand so that the bolt, pressed with the thumb, is in the forward position, insert the gas piston into the cavity of the sight block and push the bolt carrier forward so that the limbs of the receiver enter the grooves of the bolt carrier, press it with a little effort to the receiver and move forward.
Attach return mechanism. With your right hand, insert the return mechanism into the channel of the bolt carrier; while compressing the return spring, move the guide rod forward and, lowering it slightly down, insert its heel into the longitudinal groove of the receiver.
Attach receiver cover. Insert the receiver cover with the front end into the semicircular cutout on the sight block; press the rear end of the cover with the palm of your right hand forward and downward so that the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism enters the hole in the receiver cover.
Pull the trigger from the cocking and put on the safety. Pull the trigger and raise the translator up to failure.
Attach a cleaning rod.
Put the pencil case in the butt socket(Fig. 47). Put the accessory in the case and close it with a lid, put the case upside down in the butt socket and drown it so that the socket is closed with a lid. In a machine with a folding butt, the pencil case is retracted into the pocket of a shopping bag.
Connect the magazine to the machine. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, insert the magazine hook into the receiver window with your right hand and turn the magazine towards you so that the latch jumps over the magazine support ledge.
When assembling the machine, the numbers on its parts are compared with the number on the receiver.
Cartridge device
Live cartridge (Fig. 48) consists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and capsule. Cartridges arr. 1943 are issued with ordinary bullets and with bullets special purpose: tracer and armor-piercing - incendiary (Fig. 49). The head parts of special bullets have a distinctive color.
Bullet intended: ordinary - to defeat enemy manpower located openly and behind masks pierced by a bullet; tracer - to defeat enemy manpower, as well as to correct fire and target designation; armor-piercing incendiary - for igniting flammable liquids and destroying enemy manpower located behind light armor covers at ranges up to 300 m. An ordinary bullet consists of a shell, a steel core and a lead jacket; tracer - from a shell, a lead core, a cup and a tracer composition; armor-piercing incendiary - from a shell, a tip, a steel core, a lead jacket, a lead pallet and an incendiary composition.
Sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the shutter. It consists of a body, a muzzle and a bottom.
Powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the pool. It consists of pyroxylin powder.
Capsule designed to ignite the powder charge. It consists of a brass cap, percussion, composition and a foil mug.
Features of the Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK) device
The Kalashnikov light machine gun (Fig. 50) is the most powerful automatic weapons. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower; his performance characteristics are given in table. 5. The principle of operation of the RPK and its main parts are similar to the principle of operation and the main parts of A KM.
Unlike the machine gun, the sighting device of the machine gun has a rear sight. It has a mane with a slot for aiming. When making corrections for side wind and side movement of the target, the rear sight mane moves to the right or left with the handwheel. The barrel of a machine gun is somewhat longer than that of an assault rifle. This contributes to an increase in the initial velocity of the bullet, as a result of which the ranges of a direct shot and actual fire on targets increase.
For convenience when firing, the machine gun has a bipod and a butt (a slightly different device than the Kalashnikov assault rifle). The bipod is not separated from the machine gun.
In case of incomplete disassembly, the machine gun is mounted on a bipod. To do this, holding it with your left hand by the fore-end in a vertical position, with your right hand release the legs of the bipod from the spring fastener; move the bipod away from the barrel so that its legs are hushed up in a fixed position; install the machine gun on the bipod with the muzzle to the left. After assembly, put the machine gun in a vertical position with your left hand; with the right hand, slightly reducing the legs of the bipod, press them against the barrel and secure with a spring clasp.
Questions
1. Tell us about the purpose, combat properties and principle of operation of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.
2. Name the main parts of the machine.
3. Tell us about the purpose and arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine.
4. What are the features of the device light machine gun Kalashnikov?
5. Perform partial disassembly and assembly of the machine.
This article will discuss weapons with a worldwide reputation, the development of which marked the beginning of a whole era in the field of domestic weapons design. TTX machine Kalashnikovs improved from one model to another, but the principle of operation remained unchanged. The traditions laid down by the creator himself in his model remained inviolable: quality, reliability, simplicity and long service life.
History of creation...
The prerequisites for the development of a new weapon model were the results of a meeting of the technical council at the USSR People's Commissariat in July 1943, where the captured prototype of the German StG-44 and the American M1 Carbine carbine were dismantled.
About a month later, a new experimental cartridge of 7.62 x 41 mm caliber was created, subsequently the cartridge was adjusted, as a result, the caliber was converted to 7.62 x 39 mm.
Later, a number of design competitions were announced, as a result of which the famous machine gun was developed.
In 1947, it was decided to start the production of the machine gun in Izhevsk. And two years later, two samples were put into service: a standard AK with a caliber of 7.62 mm and a model with a folding stock - AKS - of the same caliber.
1959 was marked by the release of a modernized version of the machine. The flaws identified during operation were corrected, on the basis of the already used TKB-517 assault rifle, new performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle were compiled and the first machine gun based on AKM was released.
Machine
The Kalashnikov assault rifle, performance characteristics and main parts were refined from one version of the product to another to increase efficiency, reliability and improve quality. However, the design features remained unchanged.
From the moment it entered service, the performance characteristics established at that time became the starting point for the unstoppable development of design ideas. The types and forms of butts, the shape of the handle, the length of the barrel changed. Models of the hundredth series (in addition to the protrusions for mounting the bayonet-knife) have a socket for mounting. The fifth generation machine gun (for example, AK-12) has different kind equipment, such as optical or collimator sights, laser designators or a flashlight. The quality, purpose, performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are constantly improving.
Purpose of the main parts of the product
Now you should dwell directly on each component in order to make out which part serves what.
Trunk- is intended to set the direction of the bullet's flight directly when fired.
Receiver- acts as a connector for all parts and mechanisms of the machine, ensures that the barrel is closed with a bolt and the latter is locked.
receiver cover- promotes protection internal parts products (placed in the receiver) from contamination and penetration of foreign objects.
sighting device- consists of a front sight and a sight. Designed to point the barrel of the machine gun at the target to produce the most effective shooting.
Butt- Provides comfortable shooting along with the handle.
Bolt frame - actuates the bolt and trigger mechanism. The shutter, in turn, sends the cartridge into the chamber, locks the bore, breaks the capsule shell, removes the sleeve.
Return mechanism- brings the bolt carrier and the bolt to its original (front) position.
Gas tube and handguard- protect the hands of the shooter from burns, and also set the direction of movement of the gas piston.
trigger mechanism- pulls the trigger, which is in the cocked (combat) position. It strikes the striker, thereby providing automatic fire in bursts or single fire. Serves to stop firing, set the safety lock, and also prevents shots when the shutter is locked.
handguard- serves for a convenient girth of the body of the machine gun when firing. Together with a gas tube, it protects the shooter's palm from burns.
Score- serves for storage and transportation of machine gun cartridges, as well as feeding into the chamber for firing in a different position.
Bayonet knife- in a position attached to the machine gun, it is used in a bayonet attack or any other form of close contact combat. Can be used as a knife, saw and wire cutter.
TTX of the Kalashnikov AK-74 and not only
The modern model of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74M has the following characteristics: the weight of the product is 3.6 kg without cartridges, 3.9 kg - equipped, 5.8 kg - without cartridges, but with the NSPUM model installed, the sight of the NSPU-3 type is slightly lighter - only 0.1 kg.
An empty magazine weighs 0.23 kg, and a bayonet-knife without a scabbard weighs only 0.32 kg.
The length of the machine is 940 millimeters, and with an attached bayonet - 1089 mm. With the stock unfolded, this figure already has a value of 943, and with the stock folded - 704 millimeters. With the advent of new models, the performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are undergoing changes.
The barrel length is 415 mm with the installed muzzle brake compensator and only 372 mm without it.
Width is also essential part of performance characteristics Kalashnikov assault rifle. It is 70 millimeters for a standard product. Height - 195 mm.
The principle of operation for all models is the same - the system for removing gases of burnt gunpowder and the rotary shutter - despite the performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle changing from one model to another.
5.45 is the caliber of the modern AK-74M.
TTX of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AKS-74U and some interesting things
Folding shortened Kalashnikov assault rifle - this is how the abbreviation of the name of this weapon is deciphered. It is a shortened version of the standard AK-74, designed to conduct combat missions in a small enclosed space: to equip military transport crews in peaceful or combat conditions (for example, BTR-80), crews of various weapons, as well as landing units. It is in service in security structures, has established itself in those due to its compactness and low weight.
It weighs about 3 kg with cartridges and 2.7 kg without them. The weight of the magazine is 0.21 kg, the mounting of the NSPUM sight weighing 2.2 kg is provided.
The length of the product is 730 millimeters with the butt unfolded, 490 - respectively, with the folded. The length of the barrel itself is 206 mm.
The rate of fire varies from 600 to 700 rounds per second. Sighting range 500 meters, but effective - only 300.
A bullet fired from the AKS-74U is capable of developing initial speed equal to 735 m/s.
Features of AKS-74U
In view of the global trend towards the creation of shortened versions of existing assault rifles, the designers of the USSR in the 70s also took care of creating a compact sample of an existing machine gun.
Compared to the original version, "drying" (sometimes there are versions with the letter "h" instead of "w") has the following features:
- a significantly shortened barrel with a mounted muzzle, which in turn serves as a flame arrester;
- the gas-piston rod is shortened by almost half;
- removed the system of slowing down the rate of fire;
- improved bullet flight stabilization system with a shortened barrel.
Advantages
The main feature is the relatively high firing range for this type of weapon. But this is far from the only plus. It should also be mentioned:
- due to its small dimensions, concealed carrying is possible;
- reliable, easy to disassemble, clean and reassemble;
- high penetrating power.
Flaws
Despite the high popularity of the AKS-74U, the product also has a number of disadvantages. Some of them lead to the refusal to use this weapon, some require getting used to. It all depends on the desire and capabilities of the owner.
- First of all, a significantly lower accuracy is noticeable to the naked eye compared to the original version of the product.
- Sighting range is similarly low when compared with the classic version of the machine.
- Low stopping power. This term refers to the parameter of the bullet, which determines the ability of the enemy to take any further actions after being hit by a bullet. In this case, the low rate of this parameter is associated with the use of caliber 5.45.
- The model quickly overheats due to its small size.
Kalashnikov assault rifle in popular culture
In a number African countries newborn boys are given the name "Kalash". There are many versions of this term.
One theory says that it is named after the hero of the movie "22 Minutes" - a Somali pirate who helped the main character.
According to another version, it is argued that the name has no semantic link to the Kalashnikov assault rifle, but means something in local dialects.
And there is also a religious interpretation, rooted in totemic religions based on the cult of patron ancestors. Such views are held by about 16% of the population of all of Africa.
According to this interpretation, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is so famous all over the world that it is difficult to name a country that it would not have influenced. In particular, in a number armed conflicts and in Africa this weapon was also used.
In the end, it got to the point that a number of African tribes who used the famous Kalash identified this weapon with the spirit of a great ancestor, capable of both harming and protecting. Therefore, when a boy was born, and, consequently, a warrior, he was called "Kalash", thus implying that the future protector, support and hope of the whole family is growing.
But this is just one of the theories.
On the albums of many musical groups different directions, images of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are used.
The song "Dragunov" by the Swedish Industrial band Raubtier mentions a Kalashnikov assault rifle in the following context:
Dragunov and Stolichnaya
Smirnoff and Kalashnikoff.
Here is such an unusual application found a Kalashnikov assault rifle. The device, purpose, performance characteristics are not involved in any way.
"Kalashnikov" on the coats of arms of the countries of the world
The famous automaton is present or was present in different time on the coats of arms of several countries. For example, it is used on the coat of arms and (with an attached bayonet-knife) in the heraldry of the state of Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso from 1987 to 1997.
Since 2007, the outline of "Kalash" has been used on the coat of arms of East Timor.
Also used in the emblem of the "Vanguard of the Red Youth" - a communist Bolshevik organization, common in the states of the former USSR.
Coat of arms of the Ukrainian volunteer paramilitary association formed to eliminate local conflict on the territory of Donbass, also includes a Kalashnikov assault rifle.
QUESTIONS
ON FIRE PREPARATION:
VUS-093500
Question number 1: "Purpose, performance characteristics and main parts of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74)"
Answer:
Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74 is an individual firearm, automatic small arms and serves to destroy enemy manpower with single fire and a burst at a distance of up to 1000 meters.
TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AK-74 AUTOMATIC.
MAIN PARTS OF THE KALASHNIKOV AK-74
1. Barrel with receiver and sight, pistol grip and stock.
2. Shop.
3. Pencil case with accessories.
4. Cover of the receiver.
5. Return mechanism.
6. Bolt carrier with gas piston.
7. Shutter.
8. Gas tube with handguard.
10. bayonet
Question number 2: "Appointment, performance characteristics and main parts of the Makarov pistol (PM)"
Answer:
9mm Makarov pistol(Fig. 1) - self-loading pistol compact class. It is an individual weapon of attack and defense and serves to defeat the enemy at short distances.
Rice. 1. General view of the 9mm Makarov pistol
PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAIN PARTS OF THE GUN
1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard.
2. Bolt with striker, fuse and ejector .
3. Return spring.
4. Handle with screw.
5. Shutter lag.
6. Shop.
7. Trigger mechanism (trigger, trigger rod with cocking lever, sear with spring, trigger, mainspring, mainspring valve).
Question number 3: "The purpose of the parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74)"
Answer:
Purpose of parts and mechanisms Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74).
Trunk- serves to direct the flight of the bullet and give it rotational motion.
Flash hider (muzzle brake-compensator)- serves to reduce the fire effect on the muzzle cut.
gas chamber- serves to direct the powder gases to the gas piston.
Receiver- serves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, their interaction, closing the bore with a bolt and locking the bolt.
sighting device- serves to aim the machine at the target.
receiver cover- serves to protect the trigger mechanism from mechanical damage.
Bolt carrier with gas piston- serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.
Bolt with striker and ejector- serves to send a cartridge into the chamber, lock the bore when fired, eject the spent cartridge case and strike the primer.
Return mechanism- serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the extreme forward position.
Gas tube with handguard- serves to direct the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns during firing.
trigger mechanism- serves to pull the trigger from a combat platoon; striking a striker; providing automatic or single fire; stop shooting; prevention of shots when the bore is not locked and the safety is on.
handguard- serves to hold weapons and protect hands from burns.
Score- serves to place and feed cartridges into the receiver.
Trigger- serves to hold the trigger on the cocking and its descent.
fire translator- serves to install the machine on automatic or single fire or on the fuse.
WEAPONS DEVICE
The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation in conditions of natural night illumination, the AK74N, AKS74N assault rifles are equipped with a universal night shooting sight (NSPU).
For firing from a machine gun, cartridges with ordinary (with a steel core) and tracer bullets are used.
Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is conducted in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots from a machine gun) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.
The effective firing range of the machine gun is 1000 m. The most effective fire on ground targets: on the machine gun is at a distance of up to 500 m, and on airplanes, helicopters and paratroopers at a distance of up to 500 m. 1000 m
Direct shot range:
At the machine on the chest figure - 440 m,
According to the running figure - 625 m;
The rate of fire is about 600 rounds per minute.
Combat rate of fire: when firing bursts from a machine gun - up to 100; when firing single shots from a machine gun - up to 40,
The weight of the assault rifle without a bayonet-knife with a plastic magazine loaded with cartridges: AK74 - 3.6 kg; AK74N - 5.9 kg; AKS74 - 3.5 kg; AKS74N - 5.8 kg. The weight of the bayonet-knife with the scabbard is 490 g.
receiver covers;
shutter;
return mechanism;
Shop.
The machine kit includes: accessory, belt and bag for magazines; in addition, a rifle case with a pocket for a magazine is included in the kit with a folding butt, and a universal night sight is also included in the kit with a night sight.
The principle of operation of automation.
The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber.
The order of incomplete disassembly of the machine gun (machine gun):
1) Separate the store.
2) Remove the accessory case from the stock socket.
3) Separate the cleaning rod.
4) Separate the muzzle brake compensator from the machine.
5) Separate the receiver cover.
6) Separate the return mechanism.
7) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt.
8) Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.
9) Separate the gas tube with the handguard.
Assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
AK74: parts and mechanisms of the machine gun, their purpose; delays in firing, their causes and solutions.
The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:
Barrel with receiver, sighting device, stock and pistol grip;
receiver covers;
Bolt frame with gas piston;
shutter;
return mechanism;
Gas tube with handguard;
trigger mechanism;
Shop.
In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife.
The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet.
The receiver is used to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure that the bore is closed with a bolt and the bolt is locked. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.
The receiver cover protects the parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.
The aiming device is used to aim the machine when firing at targets at various ranges. It consists of a sight and a front sight.
The buttstock and pistol grip are used for the convenience of the machine gun when firing.
The bolt carrier with a gas piston is used to actuate the bolt and trigger mechanism.
The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.
The return mechanism serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.
The gas tube serves to guide the movement of the gas piston.
The barrel pad serves to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns when firing.
The trigger mechanism is used to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, to strike the striker, to ensure automatic or single fire, to stop firing, to prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and to set the machine gun (machine gun) to safety.
The fore-end serves for the convenience of action and to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns.
The magazine serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.
The muzzle brake-compensator of the machine serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy.
The bayonet-knife is attached to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle. In addition, it is used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).
Shooting delays, their causes and solutions.
Parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun) with proper handling and proper care long time work reliably and trouble-free. However, as a result of contamination of mechanisms, wear of parts and careless handling of the machine gun (machine gun), as well as malfunction of cartridges, delays in firing may occur.
The delay that occurred during firing should be tried to be eliminated by reloading, for which quickly take the bolt carrier back by the handle to failure, release it and continue firing. If the delay is not eliminated, then you need to find out the cause of its occurrence and eliminate the delay, as indicated below.
| Delays and their characteristics | Reasons for delays | Remedy | |
| Cartridge failure The shutter is in the forward position, but the shot did not occur - there is no cartridge in the chamber | 1. Dirty or faulty magazine 2. Faulty magazine latch | Reload the machine gun (machine gun) and continue firing. If the delay repeats, replace the magazine. If the magazine latch malfunctions, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop | |
| Cartridge sticking The bullet bullet hit the breech section of the barrel, the moving parts stopped in the middle position | Store malfunction | While holding the bolt handle, remove the stuck cartridge and continue firing. If the delay repeats, replace the magazine | |
| Misfire The bolt is in the forward position, the cartridge is in the chamber, the trigger is released - the shot did not occur | 1. Malfunction of the cartridge 2. Malfunction of the striker or trigger mechanism; contamination or solidification of the lubricant (no or small pinprick of the striker on the primer) / 3. Jamming of the striker in the gate | Reload the machine gun (machine gun) and continue firing. When the delay is repeated, inspect and clean the drummer and trigger mechanism; in case of breakage or wear of the trigger mechanism, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop Separate the firing pin from the bolt and clean the hole in the bolt under the firing pin | |
| Not extracting the sleeve The cartridge case is in the chamber, the next cartridge rests against it with a bullet, the moving parts have stopped in the middle position | 1. Dirty cartridge or dirty chamber 2. Dirty or defective ejector or its spring | Pull the bolt handle back and, holding it in the rear position, separate the magazine and remove the stuck cartridge. Remove the cartridge case from the chamber with a bolt or ramrod. Continue shooting. When repeating the delay, clean the chamber and cartridges. Inspect and clean the ejector from dirt and continue shooting. If the ejector malfunctions, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop | |
| Sticking or not reflecting the sleeve The sleeve was not ejected from the receiver, but remained in it in front of the bolt or sent back to the chamber by the bolt | 1. Contamination of rubbing parts, gas paths or chamber 2. Contamination or malfunction of the ejector | Pull the bolt handle back, eject the cartridge case and continue firing. When repeating the delay, clean the gas paths, rubbing parts and the chamber; lubricate moving parts. If the ejector malfunctions, send the machine gun (machine gun) to the repair shop | |
| Shutter frame in forward position | Return spring failure | Replace the spring (in a combat situation, turn the front part of the spring with the tucked end back and continue firing | |