"Cypress" increased accuracy. Weapon "Cypress": main characteristics, dimensions, rate of fire, reviews, photos Pp cypress TTX main parts

Beginning in 1949, a new type of weapon began to enter service with the Soviet Army - machine guns under the 7.62-mm cartridge of the 1943 model - the so-called "intermediate". In this regard, submachine guns, which played an extremely important role in the Great Patriotic War, were withdrawn from army use and forgotten for a long time. But life has shown that automatic, or, according to some classifications, self-firing (as opposed to self-loading), weapons chambered for a pistol cartridge can still have their niche in our time. Therefore, in the early 1970s, as a result of work on the Bouquet contest theme, we had the first samples of a new generation of submachine guns chambered for 9x18 mm PM. One of them was a submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217), developed by the leading designer of the Tula TsKIB SOO, Hero of Socialist Labor N.M. Afanasiev, who had previously created a rapid-fire aircraft weapon - the A-12.7 heavy machine gun and, together with N.M. Makarov, the AM-23 air gun. However, the production of OTs-02 "Cypress" began only in 1992 for units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The fact is that the theme "Bouquet" was soon supplanted by the theme "Modern", the impetus for the development of which was the work of a researcher at TSNIITOCHMASH P.A. Tkachev. The designer proved that on the basis of a 5.4 mm submachine gun cartridge, light machine guns can be created that practically do not differ in weight from submachine guns. The theme "Modern" ended with the creation of the AKS-74U assault rifle in Izhevsk. Due to the desire for maximum unification with the full-size AK-74, this weapon has acquired a rather ugly appearance. Despite the fact that the AKS-74U, produced in large quantities, fell into service with many law enforcement agencies, by the beginning of the 1990s, the Ministry of Internal Affairs considered it appropriate to return to submachine guns. Later, the army also became interested in these weapons. As a result, by the beginning of the 2000s, the gunsmiths of Tula, Kovrov and Izhevsk produced many fiercely competing models of submachine guns.

submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) is a personal attack and defense weapon belonging to the class of light submachine guns. Its automation, like almost all submachine guns, is based on the principle of a free shutter. In other words, the barrel bore is locked by an inertial shutter. However, unlike the vast majority of these weapons, they are fired from the front sear, and the primer of the cartridge sent into the chamber is broken by the trigger mechanism. This makes it possible to produce an aimed first shot and significantly reduce the spread of hits when firing with a single fire compared to weapons where firing is carried out from the rear sear.

The next feature of the submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) is the presence of a device that slows down the rate of fire due to the length of the shutter in the rearmost position. According to the research of English gunsmiths, the optimal rate of fire is about 450 rounds per minute, which makes it easy to control the weapon. But technically it is difficult to do. For example, the Israeli Micro-Uzi has 1250 rpm, the American Ingrem has 1200 rpm, the Izhevsk Klin has up to 1200 rpm. This rate of fire negatively affects both the controllability of the weapon and the dispersion of hits. The next feature OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) is the presence of an anti-bounce mechanism, which is a massive inertial body that freely moves in the cavity of the shutter.

The general layout of the submachine gun is the same as that of the Czechoslovak Scorpio submachine gun, known since the early 60s of the last century. This layout is characterized by the location of the fire control handle at the butt plate of the bolt box, the magazine in front of the trigger guard and the shoulder rest, which is stacked up and down on the top of the bolt box cover. The trigger mechanism is made in the form of a separate assembly, pivotally connected to the bolt box. The cocking handle is located on the right. On the left side of the bolt box there is a flag fuse-translator of the fire mode, which allows convenient control with the thumb of the right hand.

Sights consist of a two-position rear sight for firing at a distance of 25 and 75 meters, mounted on the back of the bolt box, and a front sight. The part of the barrel protruding forward from the bolt box is smooth, cylindrical. It does not have a muzzle compensating, brake or flame arrester nozzle. A silencer can be put on it for low-noise and low-flame shooting. When installing a silencer, the front sight automatically rises up. Cartridges are fed from direct box magazines with a capacity of 10, 20 and 30 rounds with their staggered arrangement and two-row exit. Reflection of spent cartridges is made up. When the cartridges are used up, the shutter stops in the rear position at the stop of the shutter. On the left side of the body of the submachine gun are two swivels for the shoulder strap.

There is a version of the submachine gun with a built-in silencer and a laser designator specially designed for it.

When firing a submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) cartridges 9x18 mm 7N25, developed in KBP (having a ballistic impulse the same as that of the PM pistol cartridges), the penetration characteristics of solid obstacles at distances up to 50 meters are higher than that of similar weapons chambered for 9x19 "parabellum".

The performance characteristics of OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217)
Weight, kg:
1.6 (with magazine for 30 rounds, without silencer and laser designator)
2.1 (with 20-round magazine, silencer and laser designator)
Length, mm: 730/452 (with unfolded/folded stock)
Barrel length, mm: 156
Cartridge: 9×18 mm PM
Caliber, mm: 9
Rate of fire, shots / min: 900–1050
Muzzle velocity, m/s: 335
Sighting range, m: 75
Type of ammunition: store for 10, 20 or 30 rounds

Since 1949, in the USSR, for the needs of the army, supplies of machine guns using 7.62-mm cartridges of 1943, the so-called intermediate ones, have been arranged. For this reason, the submachine guns used in the Great Patriotic War were forgotten by the army for several decades. The situation with machine guns for pistol ammunition changed only in the 1970s. As part of the competition theme "Bouquet", design work was started to create a new generation of machine guns-pistols. One of these rifle models was the OTs-02 "Cypress". Weapons began to be mass-produced only in 1992. In the technical documentation it is listed as TKB-0217. You will learn about the device, purpose and performance characteristics of the Cypress submachine gun in this article.

Getting to know the rifle unit

"Cypress" - a weapon for attack and defense. Classified as a light submachine gun. The Kiparis OTs-02 weapon was developed at the Tula TsKIB SOO by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union. The author is N. M. Afanasyev, Hero of Socialist Labor. He is also the creator of the A-12.7 heavy machine gun and the AM-23 aircraft gun (the latter model was developed jointly with N. M. Makarov). OTs-02 "Kiparis" - a weapon with a layout scheme identical to the Czechoslovak Vz.61 Scorpion submachine gun of 1961 release.

About the history of creation

In the early 1970s, the Soviet army leadership became interested in the topic of compact weapons designed specifically for elite power units. As part of the Bouquet project, gunsmiths began to develop a small-sized submachine gun. At the same time, in Izhevsk, the Soviet designer of the Central Research Institute TochMash Tkachev P.A. improved the legendary AK on the topic "Modern". Soon, the gunsmith assembled a light machine gun for a 5.4-mm machine gun cartridge. The unified rifle unit in the technical documentation is listed as AKS-74U and weighs no more than a submachine gun.

The theme "Bouquet" was relegated to the background. Machine guns began to be produced in large quantities and delivered to law enforcement agencies. Nevertheless, the AKS-74U turned out to be quite ugly, and the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs returned to the theme of "Bouquet", namely to submachine guns.

Description

The Cypress pistol (a photo of the rifle unit is presented in the article) has the same layout as the Czechoslovak-made Scorpion submachine gun. Such an arrangement is characterized by the location of the firing control handle at the butt plate and the magazine in front of the trigger guard.

The shoulder rest is placed on top of the box lid. To do this, it is enough to turn it up and forward. Trigger-type USM is assembled separately from all automation. The connection of the firing mechanism and the box is provided by means of hinges. The handle with which the shutter is cocked is located on the right side of the box. On the left there is a place for a flag fuse-translator of the shooting mode. Judging by the reviews, such a constructive solution turned out to be very successful, since it is more convenient for a fighter to control the fire mode with his thumb. On the left side of the body there are swivels, with which a belt is attached to the submachine gun. As sighting devices, a two-position rear sight (designed for a distance of 25 and 75 m) and a front sight are used.

How does a weapon work?

"Cypress", the photo of which allows you to get an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bits appearance, like all submachine guns, is equipped with automatic blowback. TKB-0217 differs from other rifle samples of this class in that it is fired from the front sear, and the primer breaks the trigger mechanism. Due to this, the fighter can make an aimed first shot. Also, during single-shot firing, dispersion is minimized, which cannot be said about weapons firing from the rear sear. Ammunition is fed into the chamber from straight box-type clips. Pistol stores are presented in three versions: 10, 20 and 30 rounds. They are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Double exit. Extraction of used sleeves is carried out upwards. After the ammunition is used up, the bolt moves to the rear position.

What is the feature?

According to experts, the peculiarity of the "Cypresses" is the presence of special devices that slow down the rate of fire. Despite the fact that 1250 rounds per minute can be fired from Israeli-made ultrasound, American Ingrem and Izhevsk Klinov - 1200 each, many military experts are convinced that 450 rounds per minute is considered the most optimal for weapons of this class, since it is easier for a fighter to control. Also, "Cypress" is equipped with a special anti-bounce - a massive inertial body that can move freely in the bolt cavity.

About PBS

Since the Cypress was created as an elite weapon of the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to perform highly specific tasks, the developers provided for the ability to install muzzle nozzles on it. To do this, the part of the barrel protruding from the box was made smooth and given a cylindrical shape. If necessary, a fighter can put on it a nozzle for silent and flameless shooting, which is often called a silencer.

About performance characteristics

• The Cypress pistol was developed in 1972.
• In service with the special forces of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs since 1992.
• A rifle unit with an ammunition load of 30 rounds without PBS and a laser designator weighs 1.6 kg. With a full 20-round magazine, a silent shooting device and a target designator - 2.6 kg.
• The length of the pistol barrel is 15.6 cm.
• The total length of the 9 mm submachine gun (without silencer and stock) does not exceed 31.7 cm.
• With a silencer and an open butt, the size of the weapon is 73 cm, with a folded butt and a nozzle - 45.2 cm, with an open butt and without a silencer - 59.5 cm.
• The weapon is loaded with 9 × 18 mm Makarov pistol cartridges.
• Within one minute, from 850 to 900 shots can be fired from this model.
• The fired projectile moves at a speed of 320-335 m/s.
• Aimed fire is possible at a distance of up to 75 m.
• Equipped with clips of 10, 20 and 30 rounds of ammunition.

Finally

According to weapons experts, the OTs-02 "Cypress" can be considered a fairly successful weapon. Although the main task, namely to create a compact submachine gun, was not fully realized by the developers, this rifle model turned out to be one of the best for use in urban conditions and in a closed room.

The history of this type of small arms has a little more than one century, but its development does not stand still to this day. Even after the advent of automatic rifles, it has not lost its significance. In modern armies and special forces, firearms of this type are especially in demand. Russia is one of the first countries to pioneer the development of submachine guns, and a successful project in the field of creating a new weapon of this kind can be considered a model called "Cypress".

Development

"Cypress" was designed in the era of developed socialism. The creation and refinement of weapons took place during the 70-80s. 20th century under the leadership of Tula gunsmiths headed by N.M. Afanasiev. They took as a basis the Czech submachine gun already developed at that time, but the craftsmen did not simply copy the sample, but carried out a deep redesign of the design, which led to the emergence of more advanced small arms. The completion of work on the creation of this prototype took place in the early 90s of the last century, however, after that it underwent many more upgrades.

appearance
with folded butt

Purpose of weapons

The submachine gun is intended for use by internal troops. Since it was more relevant for them with its simplicity, compactness and the ability to fire at moving objects at a short distance in different modes. For example, in settlements during special operations. At the same time, the weapon of this plan was created not to replace the main systems of automatic or individual weapons among law enforcement officers, but as a new universal addition to their equipment.

Application features

The Cypress comes with special ammunition, bullets fired from it give a lower chance of ricochet, which is of great importance when firing in confined spaces. Also, the possibility of using both of a different type and capacity was transferred from Scorpion. One of its main disadvantages is the inconvenience when hidden wearing under clothing. The handle has a sharp protrusion and every now and then tries to dig into the body. Therefore, in terms of camouflage, it seriously loses to both Western and other domestic developments. Although, if you choose the right wardrobe, this problem can be solved.

Options and additions

Cypress is a weapon of Russia, which was created for employees of special detachments and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the complexion and additional units are presented in it in accordance with the requirements of these law enforcement agencies. Among the main indicators, in the first place is the noiselessness of firing, which the silencer perfectly copes with, under which its barrel was designed at the development stage. It is also important that the use of modern additional means of aimed shooting is provided for the installation of a laser sight, which provides undeniable advantages when used in shaded and smoky rooms.

Note to the table: striker - conical shape, reflectors - two; the numerator indicates the length of the weapon with the stock folded , the denominator - with the stock unfolded; the numerator indicates the height of the weapon with a magazine for 20 rounds, in the denominator - a magazine for 30 rounds; USM provides single and continuous types of fire; the fuse box is located on the receiver on the left.

Markings

On the body of the submachine gun, its parts and mechanisms, there is a marking, which is presented below:

Track: 1 - ejector hook, 2 - striker, 3 - reflectors
(possible formation of swelling on the body of the sleeve - 4)

conclusions

Summing up, we can conclude that the Kiparis software is a good small arms for combat in enclosed spaces in an urban environment and for special operations in populated areas. Possessing the ability to effectively use in terms of compactness, reliability, range and accuracy of fire, compatibility with modern aiming systems and the use of a silencer for silent shooting. As for the shortcomings, these are just small omissions of the designers. One way or another, experts still consider it the best among the created submachine guns in the entire history of this type of firearm in the modern history of Russia, and a worthy representative of its family among Western developments.

The “Cypress” owes its birth to the competition on the topic “Shrub” for a compact submachine gun, which took place in the early 1970s. The Soviet army was interested in replacing the APS pistol with a more effective model - a full-fledged submachine gun, but it was compact, since it was supposed to go into service primarily with special forces.

The Tula TsKIB SOO also submitted its sample to the competition. N.M. Afanasiev was appointed chief designer of the submachine gun. Nikolai Mikhailovich himself had sufficient experience in design work, including on samples of small arms, but during the development it was decided to take the Czechoslovak-made Scorpion Vz.61 submachine gun of the 1961 model as the basis. However, the cartridge, according to the terms of the competition, was to be used not 7.62 × 17, but 9 × 18 - from a Makarov pistol.

The borrowing had an impact, first of all, on the overall layout, which was not so typical for the Soviet weapons school. In particular, the OTs-02 "Cypress" has a one-piece non-removable receiver cover. When disassembling the sample, the upper part of the receiver with a short (only 156 mm) barrel built into it simply leans back. The receiver cover, thus, turned out to be solid and non-removable, which made it possible to fix the sights as far apart as possible. Sights: an adjustable front sight at the end of the barrel, and on the back of the receiver - a sector sight with a drum (cam) from an APS pistol. The use of additional sighting devices is not provided, but a laser designator LCU-K can be fixed under the barrel.

Photo: zonwar.ru

Automation OTs-02 "Cypress" works on the principle of free shutter recoil. The shot occurs with the shutter closed, which, in principle, has a positive effect on accuracy. To cock the bolt there is a lever on the right side of the receiver. The massive body of the shutter occupies the entire length of the cocking lever slot - a special cover is actually not needed.

The trigger mechanism of the trigger type is made in the form of a separate block; when disassembled, it is removed entirely. In the rear part of the body of this mechanism, a mechanical retarder of the rate of fire is mounted. It operates as follows: after firing, the free bolt moves back and, not reaching its rearmost position by 3.5–4 mm, hits the retarder buffer and is placed on a special latch until the spring-loaded buffer device retarder completes its cycle movement and will not release the bolt from the latch. Only after such a delay, the shutter is released and, under the action of a return spring, moves forward at a stable speed. When 2-3 mm remains to the front extreme position, the shutter presses the self-timer, the trigger strikes the primer, and a shot occurs. In order to reduce the rebound of the bolt after an impact in the front extreme position, an inertial liner is placed in it, which, after an impact, still continues to move forward and thereby reduces the rebound. Thus, it was possible to reduce the rate of fire to reasonable values ​​- about 800 rounds per minute.

The fuse, which is also the translator of fire modes, is located only on the left side of the receiver, which makes it somewhat difficult to switch firing modes during firing. Three positions of the translator are provided: the upper one is a fuse, the middle one is fire with single shots, and the lower one is automatic fire. The OTs-02 Kiparis is fed from straight double-row magazines with a capacity of 20 or 30 rounds.

Photo: zonwar.ru

Butt OTs-02 "Cypress" - stamped from steel sheet, folding - folds forward and up.

The competition on the topic "Shrub" did not give the Armed Forces a new submachine gun. All the developments participating in the competition were, as they say, shelved. They remembered the OTs-02 "Cypress" only in the early 1990s, when the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation already needed a compact submachine gun. In 1995, the OTs-02 "Kiparis" was put into service, and became one of the four types of submachine guns used by the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, but was never widely used or produced.

"Kiparis" is a personal attack and defense weapon designed to engage targets with single and automatic fire in conditions requiring silent and flameless shooting. It is in service with the internal affairs bodies and units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The Czech Scorpion was taken as the basis for the Cypress submachine gun. The design has been significantly improved. "Cypress" was created under a regular cartridge 9x18 mm according to the traditional scheme - with the magazine located in front of the trigger guard. Automation is based on the free shutter recoil. The barrel (resource - 6000 shots) with the bolt box is pivotally connected to the body of the firing mechanism and, when disassembled, leans down, opening the bolt.

The automation of the submachine gun works by using the recoil of a free shutter. Its trigger mechanism provides both single and automatic fire. Ammunition is fed from a box magazine located in front of the trigger guard. To increase stability when firing, a folding butt is used, which in the stowed position is superimposed on the receiver from above.

Description of large-caliber submachine guns

The open-type sight provides aimed shooting at a distance of up to 75 m. The submachine gun has a non-automatic fuse that blocks the trigger and the bolt. For shooting, 9-mm PM cartridges are used. A silencer can be mounted on the barrel of the submachine gun.

Shops are similar to "Klin", their capacity is 10, 20 and 30 rounds. When firing from a stop without a butt at a distance of 25 m, bullets of one burst fit into a circle with a radius of 67 mm, and most of the hits are 28 mm. In terms of ease of handling and accuracy of shooting, the Cypress is superior to the Klin. But "Cypress" has a lot of milled parts, so its production is more expensive than the "stamped" "Wedge". This was one of the reasons for adopting the Klin. As befits Russian weapons, "Klin" and "Kiparis" are reliable, easy to disassemble and clean. Height with magazine for 20 rounds -172 mm, for 30 rounds - 226 mm.

AEK-919K submachine gun

The 9 mm AEK 919K submachine gun is designed to suppress and destroy enemy manpower at ranges up to 100 m.

Product designation: "AEK 919K".

Scope: Armament of special units performing combat missions and ensuring the defeat and suppression of manpower.

A submachine gun is an automatic weapon in which the locking of the bore, firing a shot, removing the spent cartridge from the chamber and deflecting it, feeding the cartridge from the magazine and sending the cartridge into the chamber are carried out automatically.

The operation of automation is based on the use of the energy of powder gases acting through the bottom of the sleeve on a bolt that has no connection with the barrel (the principle of recoil of a free bolt). The shutter moves by inertia into the rollback, compressing the spring, removes the sleeve from the chamber, which is removed with the help of a reflector. In the roll forward, the bolt captures the next cartridge from the magazine, sends it into the chamber and locks the bore with its mass.

The capsule is broken by a striker made on the bolt.

The trigger mechanism allows firing in automatic and single fire mode.

To conduct automatic fire, you must set the translator to the "" position.

In this case, the shooting will continue until the trigger is pulled or until the cartridges in the magazine are used up.

To conduct a single fire, it is necessary to set the translator to the "" position. In this case, when the trigger is pressed, only one shot occurs. To fire the next shot, release and pull the trigger again.

General arrangement and operation of submachine gun parts

The trigger box serves to connect all parts and mechanisms of the submachine gun.

The reload handle is used to cock the bolt, and is also a fuse against accidental firing.

The receiver is used to place in it the parts and mechanisms that ensure the operation of the submachine gun.

The movable parts are designed to feed the cartridge, lock the bore, fire a shot, reflect the cartridge case and consist of a bolt, ejector, ejector spring, guide rod with a reciprocating mainspring and a rod reflector.

The barrel serves to direct the flight of a bullet; inside it has a channel with four polygonal rifling and a chamber made with two grooves to facilitate the chambering of the cartridge.

The magazine serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver to the chambering line.

The bushing is used to fasten the barrel and the receiver box with the trigger box. At the end of the sleeve, teeth are made that protect the sleeve from spontaneous unscrewing during firing.

A low-noise firing device (PMS) is used to reduce the sound level of firing.

Incomplete disassembly of the submachine gun

Disassembly of a submachine gun can be incomplete and complete:

- incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the submachine gun;

- full - for cleaning with severe contamination of the submachine gun, after being in the rain or in the snow and during repairs.

Excessively frequent disassembly of a submachine gun is harmful, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

The disassembly and assembly of the submachine gun is carried out on a table or a clean bedding; parts and mechanisms are laid in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows.

Training in disassembly and assembly on combat submachine guns is allowed with special care in handling parts and mechanisms.

The order of incomplete disassembly of the submachine gun

1. Hold the weapon in a safe direction;

2. While holding the submachine gun by the handle, press the magazine latch and remove the magazine from the trigger box handle.

3. Before disassembling the submachine gun, you must make sure that there is no cartridge in the chamber, for which turn off the fuse, move the bolt back 20-30 cm using the reload handle, inspect the chamber. If there is a cartridge in the chamber, holding the bolt by the reloading handle in the retracted position, remove the cartridge from the chamber by shaking the submachine gun or by picking up the rim of the cartridge case with a screwdriver from the accessory

4. Pull the butt out of the receiver until it stops;

5. Turn the shoulder rest of the stock 180° down.

6. Holding on to the rods and at the same time pressing the button of the return mechanism, turn the butt plate up and remove the moving parts from the receiver;

7. Press the latch back and unscrew the threaded sleeve;

8.Separate the trunk;

9. Holding the trigger box by the handle, separate the receiver with a backward movement with your right hand;

10. Remove the reloading handle from the groove of the receiver.

Assembly procedure for a submachine gun after incomplete disassembly

1. Insert the reloading handle into the groove of the receiver so that the plug of the reloading handle is flush and without distortion with the front wall of the receiver sleeve;

2. Insert the receiver into the trigger box so that the threaded part of the coupling enters the hole in the front wall of the trigger box, and the bend of the bracket into the groove on the rear end of the trigger box;

3. Insert the barrel all the way into the landing hole of the receiver, orienting it along the flat on the shoulder of the barrel and the receiver sleeve;

4. Screw the threaded sleeve onto the receiver until it stops, while depressing the latch;

5. Holding the submachine gun by the handle and pressing the trigger, insert the moving parts and, sinking the return mechanism button, turn the butt plate so that the return mechanism button enters the butt plate hole;

7. Holding the submachine gun by the handle, insert the magazine into the trigger handle window so that the latch jumps over the magazine support ledge.

Submachine gun "Bizon"

The Bizon submachine gun was developed by the design team of the Izhmash plant, headed by V. M. Kalashnikov, the son of the famous designer of the AK assault rifle. The "Bizon" uses the principle of inertial locking and a trigger mechanism (which potentially increases the accuracy of the weapon) and has a number of unusual features.

America's top gun journalism professional P. D. Kokalis wrote, "The very first thing that catches the eye is what appears to be a grenade launcher mounted under a shortened AK." Indeed, "Bizon" has only 60 percent interchangeability with AK 101 series assault rifles.

This makes production cheaper. It is designed for a standard 9x18 mm Makarov pistol cartridge, as well as for a new high-impulse cartridge of the same caliber. And what makes the "Bizon" similar to a grenade launcher is a unique auger-type magazine for 64 rounds (a multiple of 16, because cartridges for PM are stored in packs of 16 pieces). The Bizon store resembles the American-designed Calico store. The cartridges in it are oriented bullets forward and cannot be loaded incorrectly.

"Bizon" is a very light and compact weapon. With the butt folded, the length of the weapon is only 425 mm. With the butt folded out, the total length increases to 660 mm. The Bizon barrel has 4 right-hand grooves with a pitch of 240 mm. Muzzle device with large rectangular windows on each side, located above the center. It is ineffective as a flame arrester, but to a certain extent reduces the muzzle rise.

Its main purpose is to protect the muzzle and magazine from damage. The rear sight has two rectangular slots for shooting at 50 and 100 meters. The front sight is borrowed from the SVD sniper rifle. It has a cylindrical shape, at the lower end is a thread, it can be rotated with a special tool for vertical adjustment. One of the most interesting design features of the Bizon is the incomplete shutter recoil.

When this weapon is fired with a standard Makarov cartridge, the bolt does not reach the butt plate of the receiver. With these cartridges, the rate of fire is 700 rounds per minute. Makarov's high-pulse cartridge accelerates the bolt until it hits the butt plate of the receiver. As a result, the rate of fire reaches 650-680 rounds per minute.

Experts note the lightness and compactness of the Bizon, excellent applicability, low recoil impulse, rate of fire that allows you to control the length of the burst, quite acceptable accuracy and excellent hit probability. Most of the parts unified with the AK provide the "Bizon" with high efficiency in production. Its first samples appeared in units performing special tasks.

Tactical and technical characteristics:

Submachine gun PP-91 "Kedr"

The prototype was created by Evgeny Dragunov back in the early 70s, which is reflected in the name (KEDR - Design by Evgeny Dragunov). In 1994, the submachine gun was adopted by the Ministry of the Interior.

The weapon was designed for the 9x18 PM cartridge. Automation works by using the recoil energy of the free shutter. The receiver is rectangular, stamped. The 120 mm long barrel is rigidly mounted in the receiver, to which the pistol grip, magazine receiver and folding stock are attached.

A feature of the submachine gun is the modular design of units (parts), which provides for its incomplete disassembly without the use of tools: a magazine, a receiver cover, a return spring with a guide, a bolt, a trigger mechanism and a fuse-translator.

Hammer type hammer mechanism. The location of the trigger axis, the pins of the mainspring stop and the stop for the mainspring guide on the trigger are selected in such a way that at the end of the cocking of the trigger, the force of the mainspring creates a moment that causes the trigger to be pressed from the bolt. Due to this, a guaranteed clearance is created between the bolt and the trigger, eliminating the loss of friction in most of the work cycle.

The fuse translator blocks the trigger and pushes the shutter stop into a groove on the lower plane of the shutter, thereby preventing reloading when the fuse is on. The flag of the translator-fuse in this position partially extends into the hole for the index finger formed by the trigger guard, which allows you to determine the readiness of the weapon to fire in the dark by touch. With the middle position of the translator, single shooting is provided, in the extreme upper position - automatic.

After all the cartridges are used up, the magazine feeder raises the stop, which fixes the bolt in the rear position. A combined rear sight was used, which automatically switches when the butt is moved from traveling to combat position and vice versa. When the buttstock is folded up, the rear sight shield with a diopter rises, and when the butt is folded, a shield with a slot is raised. This ensures the convenience of aiming both when shooting from an outstretched arm, and with the butt resting on the shoulder.

Sights of open type. The front sight is mounted on the barrel at the front wall of the receiver, the rear sight is mounted on top of the hinged butt mount.

The weapon is distinguished by good accuracy both in single and automatic shooting. At a distance of 25 m, a circle with a radius of 5 mm can accommodate 100% of hits when firing single shots and 50% when firing in short bursts, which ensures guaranteed hitting of the target with the first shot (or first burst) at a close combat distance. Despite the relatively high rate of fire (up to 1004 rounds per minute), it provides shooting in short bursts of 3-4 shots.

A silencer and a laser designator can be mounted on the weapon.

The Kedr-2 submachine gun has a magazine in the pistol grip of the Uzi type, it is operated with one hand when firing, and a compensator brake is provided for stability.

Tactical and technical characteristics:

Submachine guns Degtyarev PPD-34 and PPD-40

PPD-34 is the first submachine gun adopted by the Red Army. Unlike the prototypes of various systems that preceded it, it was designed for a slightly modified 7.62-mm cartridge from an automatic Mauser system pistol. In favor of the choice of this cartridge was the fact that it was also used in the TT pistol adopted by the Red Army.

Thus, the supply of troops with ammunition was simplified, and the production of barrels for both pistols and submachine guns could be carried out on the same technological equipment. The PPD-34 submachine gun is relatively simple in design. Its action is based on the use of the recoil energy of a free shutter when the barrel is stationary.

The pressure of the powder gases at the bottom of the sleeve gives the shutter the energy necessary to extract the spent cartridge case from the chamber, exit the shutter to its rearmost position and compress the reciprocating mainspring. The movement of the shutter to the forward position, the removal of the cartridge from the magazine and its introduction into the chamber is carried out by the action of a reciprocating mainspring. The trigger mechanism of the submachine gun provides firing with single shots and bursts. To switch the fire mode, the trigger mechanism has an appropriate translator. The submachine gun has a shock type percussion mechanism.

Cartridges are fed during firing from a detachable two-row sector magazine with a capacity of 25 rounds, which could be used as a handle when firing. Sights, consisting of an aiming bar with a collar and a front sight, are designed for firing at a range of 50 to 500 m. The submachine gun did not have a fuse as a separate part, but thanks to original design solutions, accidental shots were excluded.

PPD-34 was put into service in 1935 and was produced in small batches. Based on the results of its use in parts of the Red Army, it underwent modernization in 1938, during which the store mount was improved and some changes were made to the production technology. The upgraded model had the designation PPD-34/38. The dismissive attitude of the generals of almost all the armies of the world (except Austria and Finland) to the submachine gun as a type of weapon was also manifested in the Red Army.

In February 1939, the People's Commissariat of Defense suggested that the country's leadership stop the production of PPD-34 submachine guns and withdraw them from the troops. The military motivated this proposal by the fact that, in their opinion, the submachine gun was an ineffective weapon and could only have limited use. As a result, submachine guns were handed over to warehouses, but their production was maintained to meet the needs of the NKVD border troops.

The attitude towards submachine guns changed dramatically during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. Impressed by the actions of Finnish submachine gunners armed with Suomi submachine guns, the command of the Red Army not only activated all the PPD-34s stored in warehouses and manufactured in the 1920s by Fedorov submachine guns, but also organized the delivery by aircraft to the front of submachine guns that were available at the border guards. The production of submachine guns was transferred to three-shift work with the full use of all equipment.

At the beginning of 1940, the next modernization of the PPD-34 submachine gun was carried out, which consisted in adapting it to use disk stores like the Finnish Suomi submachine gun. The modernization was carried out on the personal instructions of Stalin, despite the fact that the discs, although they can hold almost three times more cartridges, are bulky and inconvenient to use and very expensive and labor-intensive to manufacture.

The urgently developed disk magazine held 71 cartridges (two cartridges more than for the Suomi submachine gun) and was equipped with a cartridge feed mechanism powered by a special preloaded spring. Before the start of the production of modernized submachine guns, for some time disc magazines were produced with a special neck, which allowed them to be used in all previously produced submachine guns. For the modernized submachine gun, called "7.62-mm submachine gun of the Degtyarev system, model 1940

(PPD-40) "disk stores were produced without a neck, since it was equipped with a receiver consisting of front and rear stops used to mount the store. The front stop of the store was screwed onto the bolt box and fastened with a pin, and the back stop was attached to the bolt box with rivets In the groove of the front of the rear stop there was a spring-loaded latch that secured the magazine.

Like the previous model, the PPD-40 had an open sector-type sight, which provided aimed shooting at a distance of up to 500 m, however, due to the low accuracy of automatic fire and the relatively low power of the pistol cartridge, firing single shots at a distance of up to 300 m and shooting in bursts at a distance of up to 200 m. The modernized PPD-40 submachine gun was put into production in February 1940 and was produced until it was replaced in production by the PPSh-41 submachine gun. In 1940, 81.1 thousand PPD-40s were produced, another 5.9 thousand pieces were manufactured in 1941.

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Submachine gun Sudayev PPS-42

At field tests conducted from April 26 to May 12, 1942, A.I. Sudayev provided his submachine gun for the first time. In general, he passed the test, but the commission suggested that the designer refine a number of components, demanded the elimination of the failure of the shutter from the cocking during falls, strengthening the reflector and strengthening the fuse, reducing the size of the casing, changing the shape of the butt and a number of minor alterations that improve the manufacturing technology of individual parts.

The final field tests of submachine guns took place on July 9-13, 1942. The commission recognized the submachine gun designed by A.I. Sudaeva, the best of all the samples submitted to the competition, also noted that in terms of technological and combat qualities it significantly surpasses the submachine gun of the G.S. system. Shpagina arr. 1941 (PPSh-41). It was deemed necessary to urgently supply the submachine gun A.I. Sudayev for mass production in order to develop the technological process.

Automation of the submachine gun of the A.I. Sudayev 1942 is based on the principle of free shutter recoil. The length of the shutter is 160 mm, the diameter is 29 mm, the shape is cylindrical, the weight is 570 g. In the upper left part of the shutter from the back to a depth of 95 mm, a hole with a diameter of 9.5 mm is drilled for a reciprocating mainspring with a guide rod.

The shutter handle is located on the right. The trigger mechanism is designed for firing in bursts. Reflection of the spent cartridge case is carried out by a reflector rigidly fixed in the receiver. The trigger box is separated from the receiver, leans back. The fuse locks the bolt in the forward and rear positions.

The fuse handle is brought out of the fuse round, with a serrated surface, in the center of the head there is a through hole with a diameter of 5 mm. The handle is located on the right at the front of the trigger guard, but in some instances it is located in a special cutout in front of the trigger guard.

The length of the fuse handle is 28 mm, the diameter of the head is 13 mm. The casing is connected to the receiver by rivet and welding. The diameter of the casing behind the chamber is 33.5 mm, at the muzzle - 25.5 mm. There are 19 holes in the casing for air circulation, the hole diameter is 11 mm. The lower part of the casing, 20-13 mm wide, is open for the entire length of the casing.

The barrel is equipped with a muzzle brake compensator. Crossover sight for two distances. Fly with a fuse. Butt metal, folding, folded on the receiver. Stock length 245 mm. Shop carob type, detachable, adjoins the neck from below. The cheeks of the fire control handle are wooden. In the manufacture of submachine gun parts, stamping, welding, and riveting were widely used.

The 1943 submachine gun does not have a reflector rigidly fixed in the receiver. Its function is performed by the front part of the guide rod of the return spring. The reciprocating mainspring with a guide rod is located in the groove in the lower left part of the bolt body.

To strengthen the fastening of the reciprocating mainspring with a guide rod A.I. Sudayev developed an original detail - an emphasis of a reciprocating mainspring. It has the shape of a cylinder with a length of 28 mm and a diameter of 12 mm with a hole at one end for putting on a guide rod, while the other end is inserted into a through transverse hole in the body of the shutter 58 mm from its end. The barrel length has been shortened, the weight of the shutter has been reduced to 550 g.

The shape of the handle and head of the fuse handle has been changed and improved. Handle length 34 mm, diameter 23 mm. The handle is located to the right of the front of the trigger guard. Improved hinged butt mount. The butt latch head is placed above the receiver in its rear part. Reduced stock length to 230 mm. There are 20 round holes with a diameter of 14 mm in the casing for air circulation. The receiver and casing are one piece. The trigger mechanism, as in the 1942 model, allows only automatic fire (bursts).

Submachine gun Sudayev arr. 1943 received the widest use at the front in the landing and tank troops. It has become an indispensable weapon for scouts, skiers, partisans. The small size of the PPS made it very convenient and maneuverable when fighting in trenches, in dense forests, and in buildings. As for the lack of an interpreter for a single fire, the Soviet soldiers quickly became convinced in practice that, having trained, it is possible to fire from the PPS in small bursts (5-6 shots) and even shoot with single shots, releasing the trigger immediately after pressing it.

Submachine gun of the Sudayev system arr. 1943 was superior in many respects to foreign samples of this type of weapon used during the Second World War. In particular, the MP-40 submachine gun, sung by the Nazis and in service with the Nazi troops since 1940 as the main model, was significantly inferior to the submachine gun A.I. Sudayev in many respects.

The MP-40 had an unreliable fuse, which often caused accidents. The slightest deviation from the cylindricality of the cartridge case, which often happened in wartime production conditions, caused failures during firing. The MP-40 magazine was very sensitive to contamination. Due to the lack of a casing on the MP-40 barrel, soldiers often received burns, so they often had to shoot with gloves on.

The MP-40 had a low muzzle velocity. In this regard, when firing at 200 m, it was required to exceed the aiming point above the target by 0.5 m, which made it difficult to hit the target. Due to the low rate of fire from the MP-40, fire farther than 125-130 m was not effective, and as for the mass of the weapon, its manufacturability and economy, the PPS-43 compares favorably with the MP-40.

PPS-43 was much lighter than the Degtyarev (PPD-40) and Shpagin (PPSh-41) submachine guns, both in the version with a disk and with a sector magazine (see table). Possessing excellent combat qualities, PPS was characterized by high manufacturability with a wide use of stamping and welding methods, which guaranteed ease of manufacture and rapid mastering of its production even in small factories equipped with pressing equipment no more than 50 tons.

PPS was also very economical to manufacture. So if 13.9 kg of metal and 7.3 machine-hours were spent on the manufacture of one PPSh, then 6.2 kg of metal and 2.7 machine-hours were required for the PPS, i.e. more than two times less metal and three times less machine hours were spent on the Sudayev submachine gun than on the Shpagin submachine gun. In the conditions of the Great Patriotic War, all the listed advantages of the teaching staff over other samples were of exceptional importance.

Submachine gun Shpagin PPSh-41

The widespread and successful combat use of submachine guns during the Soviet-Finnish war showed that this is a weapon that in the future, in the event of war, will be needed in greater quantities than any other. In this regard, the task arose to make it even cheaper, simpler and more portable.

In this regard, the designers were given the task of creating a new design for a pistol - a machine gun. At the same time, the task was set so that its details almost did not require machining, and in general the new sample should be so simple that, if necessary, its production could be mastered at any machine-building plant.

This task was brilliantly solved by a student of V. A. Degtyarev - a talented inventor and designer G. S. Shpagin, who at the beginning of 1940 began to develop a submachine gun, and in August he made a prototype and submitted it to factory tests.

PPSh-41 (Shpagin design submachine gun) was created in 1941 and then adopted by the Red Army. The PPSh-41 was a simple and cheap wartime weapon to manufacture, and was produced in significant quantities - in total, about 5 or 6 million PPSh-41s were produced during the war years. Shortly after the war, the PPSh-41 was withdrawn from service with the Soviet Army, but it was widely exported.

Technically, the PPSh is an automatic weapon operating on the principle of a free shutter. Fire is fired from the rear sear (from the open bolt). The drummer is fixedly mounted on the shutter mirror. The fire mode switch (single / automatic) is located inside the trigger guard, in front of the trigger, the safety is made in the form of a slider on the cocking handle and locks the bolt in the forward or rear position.

The bolt box and barrel casing are stamped from steel, the front part of the barrel casing protrudes forward beyond the muzzle and serves as a muzzle brake-compensator. The stock is wooden, most often made of birch.

Sights initially included a sector sight and a fixed front sight, later - a flip-over L-shaped rear sight with settings for 100 and 200 meters.

Early PPSh were equipped with drum magazines for 71 rounds from PPD-40, however, drum magazines were difficult and expensive to manufacture, not very reliable and convenient, and also required individual adjustment for weapons, so in 1942, carob (box) magazines for 35 cartridges.

The advantages of PPSh include a high effective firing range, simplicity and low cost. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the significant mass and dimensions, as well as the tendency to involuntary shots when falling on a hard surface.

PPSh-41 is one of the best small arms ever invented. At first glance, it looks rough, but in reality it is a very reliable weapon, shooting in almost any conditions. The first release of PPSh in July 1941 was mastered by the NKV plant of the USSR in the city of Zagorsk, Moscow Region, originally intended for the manufacture of PPDs. In October, due to the rapid advance of German troops to the capital, the plant was evacuated to the city of Vyatskiye Polyany, Kirov Region. Another plant that produced drum magazines for PPSh was also evacuated here from the village of Lopasnya near Moscow. G.S. Shpagin was appointed chief designer of this plant, which became the head plant for the production of PPSh for the Red Army. The Vyatskopolyansky machine-building plant worked very closely in cooperation with the Izhevsk metallurgical and machine-building plants, which provided it with metal, barrel blanks, the necessary tools and equipment. During the war, gunsmiths from Vyatskiye Polyany produced more than 2 million PPSh-41s.

In total, during the war, Muscovites produced more than 3.5 million Shpagin-designed submachine guns. In just four years of the war, the Soviet defense industry produced 5.4 million PPSh-41s.

After the 2nd World War, PPSh began to be supplied to many countries that were members of the Warsaw Pact, as well as to China, where it played a huge role in the campaign of millions of Chinese volunteers in Korea. Reliable and durable, these weapons have proven themselves in harsh climates and in the untrained hands of Chinese soldiers. In the 1980s, the PPSh was used by units of the Afghan People's Police, and in 2004, according to some reports, it was used by the American occupiers during the "cleansing" of Fallujah, which once again confirms the reliability of Russian weapons.

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