State or commercial bank. Russian state banks. Full list of state-owned banks in Russia

Content

The basis of the Russian banking system is the Central Bank. Its main functions are the issuance of the national currency, the issuance of licenses to commercial organizations, the regulation of the entire banking system of the country, which includes commercial, state banks, non-bank credit and financial organizations. The bank becomes state-owned by decision of the government or upon its establishment, by redeeming shares of capital or by appointing an interim manager during the reorganization of the bankruptcy procedure.

What is a state bank

A state-owned bank is a bank, more than half of whose capital is owned by the state or state structures. Such state structures include the Central Bank of Russia, the Federal Property Management Agency or others. Their share in the share capital shows the degree of influence of the state directly on the terms of the offered loans and deposits, the level of commissions for transactions, the list of state social programs. According to the decision of the government on privatization, state-owned banks may become non-state.

Through state-owned banks, the Government of the Russian Federation finances large and important projects. Lending to commercial structures is carried out through state banking structures. Individuals, entrepreneurs, large businesses, when choosing a settlement and credit organization, prefer state-owned banks, because they understand the high security of their deposits, funds in current accounts. Their shares are more in demand on the stock market, since the state, in order to confirm its effectiveness, is interested in maintaining their value.

Banks with state participation

There are more than 50 state-owned banks in Russia. Banking structures with a state share of more than 50% include:

• Sberbank of Russia - 52.32% owned by the Central Bank, this is the answer to the question of most citizens whether Sberbank is a state-owned bank;
• VTB - 60.93% owned by the Government of Russia represented by the Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimuschestvo);
• Rosselkhozbank - 100% from the Federal Property Management Agency;
• MSPbank - 100% controlled by the Russian Federation (Rosimushchestvo);
• Post-Bank - 50.00002% owned by VTB24.

State share

A banking structure in which the state owns 100% of the capital is a fully state-owned or state-owned bank. All other banks are commercial with varying degrees of government participation. If this share capital begins to exceed the controlling stake of 50% + 1 share, it falls under the full control of the state, which has the right to fully manage the financial activities of the bank. If 25% + 1 share belongs to the state, it receives a blocking right - the ability to veto any decision of the board of shareholders of the bank.

Method of participation of the state in the capital of the bank

All banking structures in Russia, according to the degree of state participation in their capital and the influence of the government on their activities, are divided into the following types:

1. Full influence. The Central Bank of Russia is a fully state-owned, non-commercial, operating on the basis of the Law of Russia. This type of influence includes banking structures with 100% state shares - Rosselkhozbank, Roseximbank. Vnesheconombank is wholly owned by the state. It grew out of a state corporation whose original function was to return property to Russia. Then she began to buy stakes in commercial structures that faced difficult financial conditions, and became one of the largest state-owned banks in the country.
2. partial influence. Banking organizations in which controlling or blocking stakes are owned by the state - Sberbank, VTB, Vnesheconombank (VEB), Gazprombank and others.
3. indirect influence. The government has the ability to influence banks indirectly through other structures. Such banking structures may include commercial ones, significant stakes in which are owned by foreign states and private foreign companies, but Russian state-owned banks or state-owned companies have blocking or controlling stakes. The state indirectly owns VTB24, since VTB Bank, which has a controlling stake in the state, owns an impressive 99% stake in the authorized capital.
4. in the form of control. The government has the ability to influence the activities of commercial organizations undergoing financial recovery options by appointing temporary managers.

Types of State Banks

State banks according to the degree of participation and the level of control over their activities of the Russian government are divided into:

• Fully state-owned banks, in which the controlling stake is owned by state bodies, including various subjects of the state, or administrations of municipalities. The share of the state in them always exceeds 50% of the shares.
• Banks with state participation, in which the controlling stake in the bank is not owned by the state, but at the same time, the government, through various state structures, has a commercial share in the capital from 15% to 50%.

Functions of state banking institutions

Banking organizations with state participation, in addition to the implementation of standard settlement and cash, credit and deposit programs, pursue the policy of the Central Bank to provide banking services in Russia. Their functions are:

• carrying out social, demographic policy of the state in relation to different segments of the population;
• formation of a positive attitude of the population towards the banking system;
• financial recovery of the economy, optimal distribution of capital by industry;
• activation and capitalization of monetary resources of individuals and legal entities;
• protection of deposits of the population through insurance (special programs);
• formation of the securities market, stock market.

Impact on the banking services market

The state banks of Russia form the image of the country's banking system. This is especially true during periods of crisis. Commercial structures in a state of crisis curtail social programs, increase requirements for borrowers, revise credit and deposit conditions, introduce additional fees and commissions. In some cases, large private banks find themselves in insolvency situations. To save the entire banking system of the country and protect depositors, nationalization is forced.

State banks of Russia during the crisis receive additional support from the state to continue social programs, stabilize interest rates on loans and mortgages. The government is injecting additional capital into controlled banks and is taking steps to keep the entire banking system active. If the state has a 100% stake in the bank, it appoints the supreme body for managing the financial and administrative work of the entire banking structure.

Features of preferential programs with state support

For socially unprotected segments of the population, the state pursues its policy through state-owned banks. They create credit programs with moderate requirements for borrowers, a decrease in down payments, mortgage interest rates. As an example:

• For the military, schemes are offered for the preliminary accumulation of funds for mortgages at the expense of state funds.
• Pensioners receive support in the form of subsidies or partial payment of interest on consumer loans from federal or municipal budgets.

Which banks in Russia are state-owned

State-owned banks with varying degrees of influence on their activities by the government of the Russian Federation are:

Efficiency of activity of state-owned banks of Russia

Crisis phenomena in the country's economy and the growth of public confidence have led to the fact that the share of state-owned banks in terms of coverage of the country's population is approaching 80%. The prospects for state-owned banks are more predictable in the event of a crisis. State-supported banks have a large number of representative offices and branches in all regions of the country. They adhere to the corporate style in the external design of offices, staff training rules, customer service methodology, and can provide a higher quality of services.

The state, unlike the owners of commercial organizations, has access to the issuance of banknotes, the issuance of financial debt obligations, bonds. Through controlled banking structures, the government makes financial borrowings in international financial markets. By offering debt obligations secured by guarantees of the Russian Federation, significant funds are attracted to solve many social and political problems.

The state redistributes money between different banks to search for and finance state-owned companies, promising projects, innovative inventive work, start-ups in promising areas of the Russian economy, agriculture, and construction. Official authorities in different regions of the federation choose promising projects that are beneficial for certain regions, and their financing is provided by state banks.

Pros and cons of commercial banks with state support

The influence of state banks on the functioning of the country's economy is very significant. There are positives and negatives to this. The pluses include:

• greater public confidence in the reliability of deposits, deposits;
• receive support from the state in times of crisis;
• stability of conditions of credit, mortgage programs;

The cons include:

• while ensuring higher reliability, state-owned banks offer reduced deposit rates;
• higher interest rates on loans and mortgages;
• less flexibility in making decisions on lending to small businesses;
• high requirements for the provided certificates, documents.

Non-profit banks

Financial and credit institutions that provide services for placing deposits, issuing loans to the population, but are not banks, are called savings. These include savings banks, savings and loan associations, cooperative societies. With the use of equity participation, housing construction is carried out in Russia. A large amount of lending is offered by microfinance credit institutions. Requirements for borrowers in terms of having a steady income, personal documents are less stringent, and interest rates are higher.

Video

In the current economic realities prevailing in Russia, those financial institutions in which the state is the majority shareholder have a dominant position compared to other similar institutions. A bank with state participation is an organization where decisions are made mainly based on the interests of the state.

According to financial analysts, thanks to the participation of the state in the banking system, it remains reliable and stable. In addition, there are sectors in the economy where the injection of funds may be either unprofitable or have great risks for private lending institutions. For example, such an important sector for the life of the country as agriculture.

The influence of the state on the activities of credit institutions may be different. It can be divided into certain types, depending on the degree of state involvement in these institutions.

A bank in which the state is the sole shareholder. We have only one such bank - .

There are banks with state participation, in which the state share is more than 50 percent of the shares. A certain percentage of the shares in such credit institutions are owned by private shareholders, and these may be people who have the citizenship of another country. The most famous of these financial institutions are "" and "".

There are joint-stock companies in which a package of shares purchased by the state gives it the opportunity to block any decisions made in this company.

There are financial institutions in which public administration is carried out through other state-owned companies that are the owners of these institutions. For example, in OAO Tatneft, the state is the main shareholder, and this company owns a blocking stake in the financial institution Zenit. Thus, the state through Tatneft can influence this bank.

There are credit organizations whose financial activity has led to the fact that the state is forced to carry out certain procedures in them to improve these organizations. As a result, management in them is carried out by representatives of state structures. For example, if a financial institution is being reorganized, or if the Bank of Russia takes over its management by sending its representative to this institution.

If the Central Bank carries out large-scale lending to a commercial bank, it also sends its authorized representative to this credit institution.

Since the participation of state structures in the country's banking system can be different, its accounting is often difficult. For this reason, no one regularly keeps statistics. But according to general statistics, there are more than fifty state-owned banks in the Russian Federation. In Russia, a lot of credit institutions carry out their financial activities. According to available information, this is more than 900 banks. But almost 40 percent of the total number of own assets of the banking system of the Russian Federation falls precisely on banks with state participation. These financial institutions issued more than 45 percent of the total number of loans issued to legal entities and individuals. More than half of all deposits placed in the banking system of our country are attracted by these credit institutions.

Analysts are ambivalent about the impact of such financial institutions on the Russian banking sector. When the country's economy is in crisis, these structures are the very first to receive financial support from the state, expressed in low-interest lending. Thus, these lending institutions are a reliable stronghold for businesses with private capital, as well as for ordinary savers. Thanks to these banks, the state can pursue its policy aimed at reducing the level of interest rates on loans issued to the real sector of the economy. They also help regulate mortgage prices. For residents of our country, such activities of these banks assist in the acquisition of housing.

However, the ability of these banks to easily obtain cheap loans leads to the fact that there is competition between financial institutions, which can only be called fair at a stretch.

In the leading countries of the world, the influence of the state on the banking sector is insignificant. Most often, this influence is limited to the fact that it regulates the overall financial system of the country. The state also provides financial support to banks in times of economic crisis. The state participates as a shareholder in banking structures mainly in the economies of developing countries. Along with the economic growth of the country, the share of the state in the authorized capital of credit institutions is gradually decreasing.

List of major banks with state participation
1. Sberbank
2. VTB
3. Gazprombank
4. VTB 24
5. Rosselkhozbank
6. Bank of Moscow
7. National Clearing Center
8. Khanty-Mansiysk Bank
9. AK BARS
10. Communication-Bank
11. Globex
12. SME Bank
13. Tatfondbank
14. Russian Capital
15. All-Russian Regional Development Bank
16. Eurofinance Mosnarbank
17. Krayinvestbank
18. Far Eastern Bank
19. Akibank
20. Almazergienbank
21. GPB-Ipoteka Does not work with individuals
22. Moscow Mortgage Agency
23. Roseximbank
24. Ruscobank
25. MAK-Bank
26. Russia
27. Bank of Kazan
28. Khakass Municipal Bank
29. Kuban Universal Bank
30. Naratbank
31. Russian National Commercial Bank
32. Gelendzhik-Bank
33. Postbank
34. Bashprombank
35. Vnesheconombank

Increased state control in the banking sector has allowed customers to become more selective, and banks have changed the basic principles of work by becoming more careful in choosing financial strategies. Checks and examinations confirmed the opinion of the majority of depositors about the instability and vulnerability of small banks, focusing their attention in the direction of state support.

You should know that the state is the owner of a significant part of the assets not only in large federal structures, but also in smaller banks that are regional and regional.

Based on the realities of the domestic financial sector, state support for the bank is a guarantee of stable operation and reliability during the existence of this state system, the change of which is not currently being considered.

With a decrease in the degree of financial stability and solvency of the bank, the main investor of which is the state, all necessary measures will be taken to improve the general condition of the organization.

It is obvious that the inability of the state bank to service debts or cope with the social obligations entrusted to it will first of all hit the prestige of the state itself and undermine the confidence in it of foreign partners and investors. It must be understood that there is a certain division among state-owned banks, according to such criteria as the degree of state participation in the authorized capital or the amount of administrative powers.

Even taking into account the lack of benefits when working with Russian banks, which consists in high interest rates on loans and low deposit rates, state-owned banks are most preferable in terms of financial security and stability of work. The main state-owned banks of the Russian Federation are VEB and the Central Bank, which do not have retail chains, but fully realize their operational potential.

When choosing a financial organization to work with credit products or deposits, ordinary citizens prefer large ones with a high share of state participation. This is the case because of the frequent problems among small privates. Restless times, in economic terms, determine the main directions of development of the public financial sector.

The stability and security of state-owned banks is due to the conservatism of their policy, which is dictated by state regulators that control the activities of banks in almost all areas. State banks are the main centers for the implementation of social programs and the implementation of social policies aimed at supporting certain categories of citizens.

The programs implemented by state banks allow the population to receive affordable loans and use other banking products on favorable terms. In addition to the objective indicators noted by each rating agency, banks with state participation are honored with the trust of the population. In general, trust in government-regulated banks is a recent trend seen throughout the world.

Types of state banks

State banks are classified according to several criteria, in particular, according to the share of the state in its capital. The main types include:

• Created at the request of a legislative act;
• Institutions with partial state participation;
• Organizations fully controlled by the state;
• With full state participation;
• With the indirect participation of the state.

When considering the structure created at the request of a legislative act, one cannot talk about the state's share in the capital, since such organizations are part of the state, being one of its bodies. The most well-known structure of this type is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

An institution with partial state participation is a structure, most of the authorized capital of which is in the hands of the authorities, and the remaining part of the securities is distributed among minority investors or is in the hands of a private structure.

A typical representative of this category is Sberbank, 52% of whose shares are held by the state.

Problem banks that are in a state of reorganization or are being actively monitored are fully controlled by the state. Also, in the case of the arrival of representatives of the interim administration, controlled by the government, to the apparatus of the board, it changes its status.

Full state participation provides for the presence of tradable assets of the structure. That is, the shares of such a bank in 99.99% of the volume belong to the state. In Russia, Rosselkhozbank can be used as an example. A state financial organization whose work is aimed at the social sphere and the agro-complex - this status is better suited to this bank.

With the indirect participation of the state, the emergence of co-dependencies is observed, as in the case of VTB and VTB 24, where the first organization belongs to the second, and that, in turn, is 61% owned by the state.

List of state banks of Russia

If you want to choose the best state-owned bank, you should refer to the list of those. You can identify them by the presence of insurance of the Central Bank.

Among the most famous representatives of their species:

Bank	Participation share
By virtue of law
Bank of Russia (Central Bank of the Russian Federation)	86-FZ "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)"
Vnesheconombank (Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs)	(activities are regulated by special law No. 82-FZ "On the Development Bank")
Full Participation
JSC "Rosselkhozbank"	100% voting shares (Rosimuschestvo)
RNKB Bank (Russian National Commercial Bank)	100% (Rosimushchestvo)
JSCB "RUSSIAN CAPITAL"	100% Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (JSC AHML)
Partial participation
JSC "SME Bank"	100% Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises
JSC ROSEXIMBANK	100% Vnesheconombank
JSC "GLOBEXBANK"	99.99% at Vnesheconombank
PJSC JSCB "Svyaz-Bank"	99.7745% - shares in Vnesheconombank
Joint Stock Company "All-Russian Bank for Regional Development" (RRDB)	84.67% owned by Rosneft
OIKB "Rus"	48.5972% Orenburg region 51.2747% Bank "ORENBURG" (99.73% Orenburg region)
VTB (PJSC)	60.93% of the shares are owned by the state (Rosimuschestvo)
AK BARS	64.222% Republic of Tatarstan
Sberbank	52.32% owned by the Central Bank
JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK"	53.83613% Rostec 46.16387% Rosoboronexport
KBER "Bank of Kazan"	42.1724% City of Kazan
JSC Gazprombank	87.5955% - PJSC Gazprom, incl. affiliated companies 8.5341% - Vnesheconombank
Khakass Municipal Bank	33.362% Abakan
JSC Ruscobank	25% (+1 share) Leningrad Region
Indirect participation
RNKO "Narat"	100% AK BARS
PJSC "Krayinvestbank"	99.99% - RNKB
State control
Bank FK Otkritie	99.99% Central Bank
Genbank	72.45% DIA 6.89% Republic of Crimea 6.89% city of Sevastopol
TRUST	99.99% Bank of Russia
Promsvyazbank	99.99% DIA
AvtoVAZbank	100% Bank of Russia
Growth Bank	99.99% Bank of Russia (Bank TRUST (PJSC) and JSC ROST BANK merged)
Also on the reorganization of the state: BINBANK, Asia-Pacific Bank, FONDSERVICEBANK.

Even despite the incomplete list of institutions, it becomes clear that the main market players in the banking sector belong to the state or are closely associated with it. It is also obvious that in any addiction group, there are undisputed leaders who receive more attention from clients.

Whatever policy the bank adheres to, its financial performance is more important. If the income of depositors and investors is growing, then the administration has chosen the right path of development. All that is needed to determine the best of them: determine your own goal and study the activities of the organization you like the most. Everything else will be much easier.

It would be logical to assume that state-owned banks are banks that are wholly owned by the state through its various corporations and government bodies. However, upon closer examination, it turned out that in most of these credit institutions the share of shares held by the state is limited. That is, part of the shares still belongs to non-state (private) legal entities and individuals. The extent to which the bank can be called state-owned depends on the size of these shares and their ratio. And if we take into account that, according to the law, the owner may not participate in the operational management of his company, then, according to experts, it is not always possible to identify the state bank with the 100% stability of its business.

Yes, and the legislation equally applies to the rights of depositors of any of the Russian banks. The reliability of the bank is most affected by hired top managers and the business policy they have built. However, there are other more complex risks, in the event of which the state will save state-owned banks from collapse in the first place. But whether the situation that had developed by that time will contribute to this is a question with many unknowns.

In Russia, according to some estimates, there are more than fifty banks in the capital of which there is a state share in one amount or another. For example, did you know that almost 42% of Sberbank shares are owned by foreign individuals and companies? Or that in the National Reserve Bank the share of the Federal Property Management Agency (Federal Agency for State Property Management) is now 2.99%. And the Russian Capital Bank passed into full ownership of the DIA state corporation as a result of its reorganization in 2008, which did not allow then a large private bank to go bankrupt. The situation is approximately the same with the Bank of Moscow (formerly private), which has been rescued from the crisis for several years now by its new owner, VTB Bank, which is considered state-owned.

When evaluating any bank for belonging to the state, one must keep in mind the plans of the state itself to slowly sell its shares of property ownership into private hands. For example, within the framework of the equation of a competitive environment within the banking system of the Russian Federation, plans were once voiced to gradually reduce the share of the Central Bank in Sberbank to a quarter. And the current additional capitalization of banks through OFZs as part of anti-crisis measures, on the contrary, will increase the presence of the state (represented by the DIA) in the capital of several private banks.

In the overview below of the top-performing SOEs, keep in mind that these banks generally only have the highest rates on VIP depositors' multi-million dollar savings. For more modest investments, the interest here will be lower, sometimes even one and a half to two times. And if you want to definitely find the highest rates of 15-16.9% for moderate amounts, then it is better to contact small banks, prudently limiting the volume of your deposits there within the insurance liability of the DIA (now 1,400,000 rubles).

Bank Globex

Today, out of all four possible deposit offers of the bank, the most expensive one is "Exact calculation". Its range of rates is 11-15% per annum. The profitability depends on the chosen term and the invested amount. The lowest percentage is valid for a period of 2-3 years, and the highest for a period of 6-12 months for ruble savings. Minimum amounts: 100,000 rubles or 2,000 USD / EURO.

The agreement does not provide for replenishment, partial expenditure, capitalization. Interest is paid at the end. Early termination occurs at the rate "on demand". The contract can be concluded in favor of a third party, which is not found in every bank.

Absolut Bank

The deposit "Absolute maximum +" is one of the five offers of the bank. The best rates in rubles here are valid in contracts for up to a year, in foreign currency, on the contrary, for more than a year. You can choose a convenient term "for yourself" in the range of 91-1080 days. The most profitable ruble yield on the terms: 367 days, deposit from 1,400,000 rubles. Smaller savings (from 30,000 rubles) are cheaper.

Additional income-expenditure transactions are not provided for in the deposit. Interest is paid to the depositor at the end of the term. The preferential rate of early termination takes effect after six months.

Russian Capital

In total, the bank has four types of deposits with different conditions. The highest ruble rate of 14.5% operates in three of them, incl. in the Russian Capital Plus agreement, in which the best yield is valid for a period of 395 days, for amounts from 1,500,000 rubles. or from 50,000 euros/dollars. The minimum possible investment amount is 10,000 rubles. or 300 euros or US dollars. The maximum term is 3 years.

Interest is calculated monthly: at choice, capitalized or issued in the form of rent. Replenishment and early withdrawal is possible while maintaining part of the bet under certain conditions.

Svyaz-Bank

Of the ten deposits of the bank, the best in terms of profitability is the agreement "Collection Classic". True, the minimum starting amount in it is 3,000,000 rubles. or 100,000 euros/dollars. The highest percentage is valid on the terms of placement: from 300,000,000 rubles. for 6 months or from 10,000,000 USD/EUR for 1 year. The rates below apply in other contracts, for other amounts and terms (from 1 month to 5 years).

Interest is paid at the end of the term or once a year. There are no partial withdrawals, deposits and early benefits. But there is the possibility of online opening a deposit through Internet banking.

Rosselkhozbank

The bank has just lowered its deposit interest. In total, there are 14 types of deposits with different savings conditions. Now the best rate is valid in the "Gold" deposit, which is opened incl. through an ATM or the Internet. Profitability is tied to the amount (from 1,500,000 rubles) and term (from 1 month to 4 years). The highest rate is offered for savings: from 30,000,000 rubles placed for 6 months and from 50,000 dollars / euros, with a term of 2.5 years.

Interest on this deposit is paid at the end of the term. Additional contributions are not accepted. Debit transactions are not allowed. There are no prepayment benefits.

RRDB

The bank offers its depositors a choice of 12 types of deposits with different conditions. The best ruble deposit in terms of profitability is Prime-M, in which the highest rate works: for a period of 3 months for investments from 100,000,000 rubles. The "Special Status" deposit is the most profitable for investments in dollars: a period of 1 year, from $5,000,000.

Of these two proposals: a ruble deposit fixes a monthly interest payment without replenishment options, a foreign currency deposit can be capitalized with interest, replenished and partially withdrawn. The preferential rate for early payment is valid in limited cases.

VTB 24

Of the thirteen deposits, the best ones are: for currency - Profitable Online, for rubles - Double. Conditions for the highest rate in rubles: investments from 3,500,000 rubles, 6 months, interest payment at the end of the term without capitalization, no replenishment options and early termination benefits, is issued in a package with an investment life insurance contract.

Conditions for the highest rate in dollars: savings from $ 50,000, the term can be chosen in the range of 12-18 months, capitalization or rent when paying interest, only remote opening through the Telebank system, preferential rate for early maturity.

Bank of Moscow

The deposit portfolio of the bank consists of eleven offers. Today, the best in terms of ruble yield is the “Correct Answer” deposit with ladder interest and quarterly capitalization. There is one rate for any amount (minimum 100,000 rubles). The deadline for all is also the same - 380 days.

The “Maximum income (pension)” deposit is the most expensive for the currency. The best rate is valid for savings from 100 dollars / euros for a period of 366-547 days (accurate to the day of the client's choice). Monthly interest is either capitalized or paid at the request of the depositor.

Gazprombank

The deposit "Gazprombank - Perspective" is the best for today in terms of the interest rate. The most profitable ruble deposits are opened for a period of 6 or 12 months with a minimum amount of 1,000,000 rubles. The term for the best foreign exchange savings is 12 months with investments from 10,000 dollars / euros. The minimum deposit amount is 15,000 rubles, 500 USD/EUR. There are five terms to choose from - from 3 months to 3 years.

Interest is accrued once a year and paid (at the choice of the client) in the form of rent or capitalized. There are no additional options in the form of incoming and outgoing transactions. Early termination almost always changes the rate to the demand level.

Sberbank of Russia

The "Save Online" deposit has been the most profitable in the bank for several years. The account is opened remotely via the Internet, ATM or mobile phone. This adds 0.3-0.95 percentage points to the deposit compared to the usual office option without the "Online" prefix. Today, the best conditions for savings are from 2,000,000 rubles. (or from 20,000 dollars / euro) for a period of 6 months to 1 year (accuracy to the day is chosen by the depositor independently).

Income is accrued once a month, the client chooses rent or capitalization in advance. There are no top-ups or partial charges. But six months later, preferential interest begins to operate under the conditions of early termination of the contract.

Oksana Lukyanets, Vkladvbanke.ru project expert

The economic stability of the country is determined by the financial policy implemented by state-owned banks, and targeted mechanisms for the development of the national economy, implemented by institutions.

State banks are guarantors of economic stability

State banks are financial institutions owned by the state. Control over the activities of such organizations is carried out by state bodies.

The main types of state banks:

• central - a national banking institution that performs regulatory, controlling, managerial, refinancing functions;
• commercial, the controlling part of the assets of which belongs to the state.

The interaction of the National Bank and commercial state-owned banks ensures the effective economic and financial development of the country through the use of credit and investment mechanisms.

Activity of state banks: tasks

The purpose of the functioning of state financial institutions is the stabilization of the economic situation, the development of the economy in accordance with national interests.

The activities of state banks are aimed at achieving the following goals:

• protection of national monetary meters, ensuring their stability;
• implementation of an effective credit and financial policy;
• development of the banking system;
• reducing the budget deficit.

The tools used by the National Bank are aimed at stabilizing the pace of development of economic indicators, curbing inflation, and maintaining the liquidity of state assets.

List of state banks

The banking system includes financial institutions with state participation. At the same time, the state owns only a part of the block of shares.

The list of state-owned banks also contains credit and financial organizations, the policy of which is influenced by the state indirectly through its own enterprises, holdings that own institutions.

State banks of the Russian Federation:

• National Bank;
• Sberbank;
• Rosselkhozbank;
• Gazprombank;
• Russian National Commercial Bank;
• Communication-Bank;
• Eurofinance Mosnarbank.

In an effort to reduce financial risks, increase the asset, open deposits in state-owned banking organizations.

State banks of Russia

The category of state banks of the Russian Federation does not necessarily include banks founded by the state. A state-owned bank can also be considered a commercial bank that was founded by private individuals and then bought by the state. In such banks, the share of the state controlling stake is, as a rule, 50% of all shares + 1 share. Often the state buys commercial banks with a difficult state of affairs, saving them in this way from complete ruin and revocation of the license. The purchase of the bank by the state allows it to pay off its debts with the help of infusions of public funds and continue to conduct banking activities. The main state bank of the Russian Federation is Sberbank, founded in 1841 and for a long time existed in the form of a system of savings banks.

Bank with state participation

A bank with state participation is a credit institution, in the management of which the state takes part. In banks with state participation, the state plays a leading role in making significant economic decisions, ensuring that public interests are observed. In this way, the stability of the entire banking and economic system is guaranteed. The influence of the state on the activities of a credit institution may differ depending on the method of state participation. There are the following types of banks with state participation:

• banks with a blocking government stake;
• banks with a controlling state block of shares;
• fully state-owned banks (100% shares);
• banks indirectly controlled by the state;
• banks in which there is an authorized representative of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Often, state-owned banks are created in those sectors of the economy that are unprofitable or risky for private banking investments. Such industries include agriculture, the leading bank in which is a bank with state participation - Rosselkhozbank.

Rating of deposits in banks with state participation

State-owned banks are considered the most reliable banks in the country. Therefore, many individuals prefer to keep their savings in this particular category of credit institutions. Interest rates, conditions for the duration of deposits and other parameters may vary, depending on a particular bank with state participation. In order to make the right choice, citizens often refer to the ratings of deposits, as well as the ratings of the banks themselves. It should be noted that in many cases, favorable interest in state-owned banks is provided only for multi-million dollar loans. For more modest deposits, the percentage will practically not differ from the percentage offered in ordinary commercial banks.

State banks of Russia: list 2016

The largest and most stable state-owned banks in 2016 are banks with large financial assets. These banks occupy leading positions in the ratings of Russian banks and are highly reliable. In 2016, the following largest banks can be attributed to banks with a similar reputation:

• Sberbank of Russia;
• VTB Bank (only for legal entities);
• Gazprombank;
• Bank VTB24 (large banking network);
• Khanty-Mansiysk Bank;
• Bank of Moscow;
• All-Russian Bank for the Development of Regions;
• Rosselkhozbank;
• National Clearing Center;
• AK BARS;
• Communication-Bank;
• Postbank.

Central Bank and State Bank: correlation of concepts

The terms "central bank" and "state bank" should be distinguished from each other and not confuse these fundamentally different concepts, as is often the case in the philistine understanding. The Central Bank is a state-owned bank that is wholly (100%) owned by the state. Thus, the central bank can be called a state bank. But the opposite conclusion is not possible - not every bank, which is a state bank, has the functions of a central bank. The concept of "state bank" is interpreted as a bank, the controlling stake of which is owned by the state. Based on this, a commercial bank is a bank whose controlling stake is owned by private investors.

State and non-state bank: main differences

Formally, a state-owned credit institution can be distinguished from a non-state one by the share of state participation, which is expressed as a percentage of shares. For clients, the difference between a state bank and a commercial bank will be expressed mainly in different interest rates. As a rule, interest rates on loans are lower at state-owned banks, as they have preferential working conditions and reliable support in the form of state assistance. Private commercial banks offer loans to customers at a higher interest rate, as they are forced to cope with possible risks themselves.

The influence of state banks on the country's economy is twofold. On the one hand, state-owned banks, unlike commercial ones, are not interested in artificially inflating inflation and demand for money, so they allow maintaining stability and avoiding crises. On the other hand, according to recent studies, the level of public debt is lower in those countries where banks are mainly commercial and in private hands.

State banks of the Russian Empire

The central bank in pre-revolutionary Russia was the State Bank of the Russian Empire. The bank began its work under this name in 1860, after it was reorganized from the State Commercial Bank. The State Bank of the Russian Empire was a state-government bank and performed the functions of a central bank. In addition, the bank played a crucial role in the economic sphere of the Russian Empire and was the conductor of the state economic policy of the government. The State Bank of the Russian Empire was the country's main credit institution and issued medium and long-term loans. It had a network of branches and offices in which it provided credit services to industry and commerce.