Class life of the 17th century table. Class life of Russia in the XVII century. Kolomenskoye and Izmailovsky residences
- "Class life. Customs and manners"
- What was the life of different segments of the population, their customs and mores;
- Get to know new terms;
- You will develop the ability to work with a textbook, find the information you need
- Today you will learn:
- 1. Royal court.
- 2. Boyar and noble life.
- 3. Life of the townspeople.
- 4. Peasant life.
- Plan:
- What innovations appeared in Russian culture in the 17th century?
- Task for the lesson:
- In the 17th century, the royal palace underwent great changes. It becomes crowded: some dressed the king, others were responsible for the safety of his things, others dressed after sleep. One guard was 2 thousand archers.
- Imperial Courtyard
- The palaces in which the Romanovs lived were distinguished by their great splendor. In addition to the royal residence in the Kremlin, there are permanent summer residences - Kolomenskoye and Izmailovskoye.
- Imperial Courtyard
- The largest royal palace is the five-tiered Terem Palace in the Kremlin. Stone buildings were covered with internal paintings, insulated with wooden floors, covered with felt or carpets. Satin and leather were used for interior decoration.
- Imperial Courtyard
- Imperial Courtyard
- In the first half of the 17th century, the main decoration of the palace was stoves lined with multi-colored tiles; in the 2nd half of the 17th century, paintings, engravings, Venetian mirrors, and grandfather clocks appeared.
- Imperial Courtyard
- As before, the royal palaces consisted of three parts: the living rooms of the king and his family, ceremonial halls and utility rooms.
- Imperial Courtyard
- During royal receptions, from several dozen to several thousand people sat down at the table at the same time. The royal table was striking in its diversity and abundance. Alexei Mikhailovich had up to 500 different dishes.
- Imperial Courtyard
- The main entertainment of the king and his court was hunting or falconry. The departure of the king for hunting was arranged with a special ceremony, in which up to 3 thousand people participated.
- Boyar and noble courts were similar to the royal only in miniature. It was a whole complex of wooden buildings - huts, cellars, canopies, attics, porches, interconnected.
- Boyar and noble life
- Boyar and noble life
- In rich houses, mica plates were inserted into the windows, and in poorer houses - fish bubbles. The windows are decorated with platbands. A feature of the houses of the boyars was that they painted them in different colors.
- Boyar and noble life
- The interior decoration of boyar and noble houses became more diverse. In the center was a furnace. The room contained tables, benches, decorated with paintings and carvings. There were carpets on the floor. In the house one could see mirrors, clocks, libraries.
- Boyar and noble life
- The dishes were mostly gold and silver, but in the 17th century glassware also appeared, brought from abroad. Venetian glass and brocade-covered armchairs also come into fashion.
- Boyar and noble life
- Clothing remained traditional, but the choice of fabrics expanded noticeably: along with brocade and taffeta, fabrics brought from abroad (woolen and cloth fabrics) were added.
- The food is also changing. It includes new products: oriental spices and seasonings, lemon, raisins, almonds, sugar, sausage.
- Boyar and noble life
- The life of the townspeople was more modest. The courtyard included a residential building and outbuildings - upper rooms, a canopy, cages, a bathhouse, a stable, barns. Household utensils were also modest. There were many icons in the houses, which were in the red corner.
- Posad population
- The peasant hut mainly consisted of a hut covered with shingles or straw, a crate for storing property, a cattle shed, and a barn. In winter, the peasants transferred their cattle to the hut. There were no stoves with a chimney, so they were heated in black.
- Peasantry: everyday life and customs
- Read the material on pages 89-90 and answer
- to the question: “What did the peasants eat?”
- The family consisted of no more than 10 people. Boys entered into marriage from the age of 15, and girls from the age of 12. Marriages could be concluded up to 3 times. From the 17th century weddings in the church became obligatory.
- Clothes were made from homespun canvas and skins
- animals. Bast shoes made of bast, or wrinkled leather served as shoes.
- Peasantry: everyday life and customs
- Questions on page 90, write the terms in the dictionary
- Summing up the lesson
- Paragraph 1-11, prepare for test work
- Homework:
- http://images.rambler.ru/search?query=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4 %D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86
- http://www.manhunter.ru/offline/349_dvorec_carya_alekseya_mihaylovicha_v_kolomenskom.html
- http://bibliogid.ru/articles/1065
- http://testan.narod.ru/moscow/museum/pal_rom.htm
- Used resources
- Antonenkova Anzhelika Viktorovna
- history teacher, MOU Budinskoy OOSh
- Tver region
Menu
Estate - a large group
people with rights and
responsibilities transferred
by inheritance
Life is everyday life.
This is everything without which it is unthinkable
human existence.
Menu
What was the life of different
segments of the population, their customs and
mores;
Get to know new
terms;
You will develop the skill
work with the textbook
necessary information Plan:
Menu
1. Royal court.
2. Boyarsky and
noble life.
3. Life of a townsman
population.
4. Peasant life.
Fill in the table:
dwellingThe king and his
a family
Boyars and
nobles
Posadsky
people
Peasants
clothing
Food
Menu
Entertainment Task for the lesson:
Menu
What innovations
appeared in
Russian culture
in the 17th century? Imperial Courtyard
Menu
In the 17th century, the royal palace became crowded:
some dressed the king, others were responsible for his safety
things, others dressed after sleep. One guard was
2 thousand archers. Imperial Courtyard
Menu
The palaces of the Romanovs were distinguished by their large
splendor in comparison with the mansions of the XVI century.
In addition to the royal residence in the Kremlin,
permanent summer residences appear in
Izmailovo and Kolomenskoye.
Kolomenskoye and Izmailovsky residences
Menu MenuTerem Palace
Moscow Kremlin
Arch. B. Ogurtsov,
A. Konstantinov,
T. Sharutin, L. Ushakov Imperial Courtyard
Menu
The largest royal
palace - five-tiered
Terem Palace in
Kremlin.
stone buildings
covered
internal
paintings, insulated
wooden floors,
covered with felt
or carpets.
For interior decoration
used atlas and
leather instead of cloth. Imperial Courtyard
Menu
In the first half of the XVII
century chief
palace decoration
were laid out
colorful
tiled stove, in II
half of the 17th century
appeared
Dutch and
german paintings,
engravings,
Venetian
mirrors, floor
watch. Imperial Courtyard
Menu
As before
royal
palaces
consisted of
three parts:
residential
king's rooms
and his family
ceremonial
halls and
economic
s
premises. Menu Imperial Courtyard
Menu
During the royal
receptions at the table
simultaneously
sat down from
several
tens to
several thousand
human. Royal
table hit
diversity and
abundance. At
Alexey
Mikhailovich
was up to 500
various dishes. Imperial Courtyard
Menu
chief
entertainment
king and his
the yard was
trapping or
falconry
hunting. Departure
king to hunt
was furnished
special
ceremony, in
which
participated before
3 thousand people. Boyar and noble life
Menu
Boyarsky and
noble
yards
represented
a semblance
royal only
in miniature.
It was a whole
complex
wooden
buildings - huts,
podklet, canopy,
lofts,
porches,
connecting
between themselves. Boyar and noble life
Menu
In wealthy houses
the windows were
inserted
mica
plates, and
houses are more victorious -
fish bubbles.
The windows are decorated
platbands.
feature
houses of the boyars were
what they
colored them
in different colors. Boyar and noble life
Menu
Diverse
became internal
decoration
boyars and
noble
houses:
in the center
there was an oven
tables, benches in the room,
decorated
murals and
carving
lay on the floor
carpets
in the house you can
was to see
mirrors, clocks,
libraries.
Boyar and noble life
MenuThe dishes were
predominantly
golden and
silver, but
XVII century
appears and
glass
tableware,
brought in from
borders.
The fashion includes
Venetian
glass,
covered
brocade armchair.
Boyar and noble life
MenuClothes remained
traditional but
expanded
choice of fabrics:
along with brocade
and taffeta
added
fabrics,
imported from abroad
(woolen and
cloth fabrics)
Boyar and noble life
Menuundergoes
changes and
food. into her
turn on
new
products:
Eastern
spices and
condiments,
lemon, raisin,
almond,
sugar,
sausage.
Posad population
MenuThe life of the townspeople was
more modest.
Compound
included residential
house and
economic
buildings of the upper room, canopy,
cages, bath,
stables, sheds.
was modest and
home stuff.
There were many houses
icons that
were in
red corner.
Posad population
Menu MenuThe peasantry is the largest class
Peasantry: everyday life and customs
MenuPeasant hut
consisted of a covered
shingles or
straw hut,
storage crate
property, barn
for livestock, barn.
peasants in winter
transferred livestock to
hut. Furnaces with
chimney
were absent
so they
drowned
in black.
Clothing was made from homespun canvas and animal skins. Bast shoes made of bast, or wrinkled leather served as shoes.
MenuClothing was made from homespun canvas and animal skins.
Bast shoes made of bast, or wrinkled leather served as shoes. Menu
The family consisted of no more than 10 people.
Boys entered into marriage from the age of 15, and girls from the age of 12.
Marriages could be concluded up to 3 times. Since the 17th century wedding
became compulsory in the church.
Summing up the lesson
MenuSumming up the lesson
* What innovations have appeared in
Russian culture in the 17th century?
conclusion:
Menuin the 17th century in life and
everyday life
all classes occurred
significant changes in
based on
east and west
influence
Summing up the lesson
MenuSumming up the lesson
Questions on page 90, terms
write in a dictionary
Homework: in a notebook table by paragraph
MenuHomework: in a notebook table by paragraph
Life and customs
Estates
The king and his
a family
Boyars and
nobles
Posadsky
people
Peasants
dwelling
clothing
Food
Entertainment
Homework:
MenuHomework:
Paragraph1 -11, prepare for
control work on chapter 2
Homework:
MenuHomework:
1. Orally: read the document on pages 90-92. Answer
questions.
2. Written response:
for boys (cooks in the royal court were only men):
make a menu of 10 dishes for the royal table
(salads, first courses, second courses, dessert, drinks)
Girls: what traditions have been preserved in our lives from this
era?
* find what the proverbs mean:
1) "Easier than a steamed turnip"
2) "Work in a slipshod manner"
Task 1. Find material in the textbook and additional sources and present it in the form of a proposed or your own table.
Task 2. Use the text of the textbook and additional material, fill in the table "The main entertainments of various classes in the 17th century."
Task 3. Find additional material and fill in the table "What's new in everyday life and customs in the 17th century."
Task 4. Who is depicted in the painting by V.I. Surikov “Visit to the princess of the convent. 17th in? When does the action shown take place? Is it possible to suggest whether it takes place before or after the church schism?
Surikov's work "Visit to the Princess Convent" tells about the tragic fate of the royal daughters. Russian princesses were captives of towers and whiled away their lives among mothers-nannies, tricksters and servants. Girls did not have the right to marry anyone below the royal family. Russian princesses could only become Christ's brides. They gave all their rich dowry to the chosen monastery, so the monasteries guarded the royal daughters like a kite prey. It was this princess that Surikov portrayed.
The event takes place rather before the split of the church, it seems that the princess is baptized with two fingers.
Task 5. Compare the images of a nobleman and a boyar placed in the textbook. Make up an oral story, paying attention to the similarities and differences in the appearance of the characters.
Clothes of a nobleman and a boyar of a gathering between themselves: a long dress, a staff, jewelry, a hat, a belt, boots. But the boyar is dressed more richly, he also has an additional cape with slits and a longer staff. At the same time, the clothes of a nobleman are more practical. Common in their appearance can also be called a beard.
An estate is the position of citizens in the state hierarchy. According to its position, the estate can be the highest and the estates emanating from it, ranked among the lower stratum of society.
Russian state hierarchy
In the Russian state, in addition to the highest royal estate, by the 17th century, a stratum of townspeople began to form, which were mainly represented by townspeople who had already departed from the peasantry, but had not yet joined the boyar estate. So in the 17th century the state was represented by the following estates:
- The highest, which included the king and the boyars;
- Posadskiye;
Customs and mores of the royal court
By the beginning of the 17th century, communication with Western countries intensified. Many Duma boyars visited France, Germany, England. Embassies of these countries worked in Russia. The Russians were greatly impressed by the luxury of the French kings, the arrangement of the everyday life of the citizens of Germany and the development of manufactory production in England. New ideas roamed in the minds of the king and high society. The royal court became more numerous, new palaces were needed, in which the royal family and numerous servants could freely accommodate, making the life of the king and his family more convenient and comfortable. The largest Terem Palace was built on the territory of the Kremlin. Foreign architects and decorators took part in the arrangement of the palace. The palace was furnished with luxurious furniture (there is something similar on www.mebelproject.ru), Venetian mirrors, paintings by German and Dutch artists. The windows shone with transparent glass, and luxurious carpets were spread on the floors. Dutch stoves were decorated with handmade tiles. The palace was a series of personal royal chambers, family rooms, ceremonial halls and utility rooms. Up to 500 dishes were served at dinner, and silverware had already appeared.
What entertainment did the upper class have?
The main entertainment was dog or falconry. In hunting, a huge number of people up to 3,000 thousand could take. The kennels contained entire packs of hunting dogs. A special room was also equipped for hunting falcons. In the 17th century, by the will of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who became interested in theater, a court theater was built.
Estate of the boyars
Wealthy boyars tried to imitate the life of the king in everything. Wooden houses were replaced by large brick houses. But the whole courtyard was equipped as a prosperous peasant. Numerous wooden sheds, a barnyard, even barns - were an integral part of the boyar estate. In spacious rooms with high ceilings, the boyars began to install foreign furniture, decorate the rooms with paintings and mirrors. The first collectors of printed books appeared among the boyars. In connection with the increase in trade with Western countries, overseas products began to appear in Russia, which were successfully mastered by the boyars. But, as before, the main entertainment of the boyars was hunting and fisticuffs.
estate of townspeople
The living conditions of the townspeople were much more modest, and yet they began to appear first in huts that were heated on the "black", and over time, outbuildings. The rooms were furnished with benches, tables and chests, which were upholstered with iron so that they would not burn out during a fire. All the most valuable things were kept in the chests: clothes, utensils. In the largest room, there was always a “red” corner, in which icons were often placed in a silver setting.
Estate of peasants
The peasants had a simple hut with a roof covered with shingles or straw. The windows were covered with either a fish bladder or oiled canvas. The hut was heated by a stove, which was erected in the middle of the hut. In winter, so that young animals (pigs, lambs) would not freeze, they brought them to the hut. A torch was used for lighting. Of the furnishings in the hut, in addition to benches installed along the walls, there were only a table and a parent's bed. Children, who were many in every peasant family, were laid side by side on the floor, and in winter on a couch on the stove.
Advice
Clay pots were used for cooking. Metal utensils were a rarity. The whole family sat down at the table and sipped with wooden spoons from one large clay bowl.
Peasants of the 17th century
Peasants ate what grew on the field: rye, wheat, millet. The garden gave a crop of cabbage, carrots, radishes, turnips. Everyday rye bread was baked from rye flour. Loaves and pies were baked from white wheat flour only on holidays. Often they ate fish that they caught in the nearest reservoir. Mushrooms and wild berries were a great help.
Conclusion:
In order to break out of the framework of the lower class, one must either receive a large inheritance, or have a strong mind in order to earn start-up capital. At all times there were, are and will be classes, belonging to which determines the amount of money.
Estates of Tsarist Russia