Military units of Tambov. Interspecific center for training and combat use of electronic warfare troops. Aviation, land and sea complexes of electronic warfare Russian electronic warfare equipment surpasses Western counterparts
Located in the village of Stroitel, Tambov region, not far from the regional center. Deployed in part 15 separate electronic warfare brigade(EW). It carries out a deliberate impact on the enemy's radio-electronic objects and the protection of its own command and control systems for troops and weapons using radio emission. A distinctive characteristic of electronic warfare is the remoteness of carrying out information operations, during which the personnel are significantly removed from the object of influence.
History of military unit 71615
The term "electronic warfare" first appeared in Russia in 1969, although radio communications to counter the enemy began to be used as early as the beginning of the 20th century. In a separate type of troops, units and subunits of electronic warfare were allocated only after 40 years. In 2009 on the basis of the 225th separate electronic warfare regiment, located at that time in military unit 64055, in the city of Novomoskovsk, Tula region, the 15th electronic warfare brigade was formed. On April 21, 2011, she received a combat symbol - the Battle Banner, and in the same year she was relocated to the Tambov region in military unit 71615.
Service in the 15th separate electronic warfare brigade
Military unit 71615 was located on the territory of the former Tambov military school, which is why the village of Stroitel is called by the locals - "Infantry". The premises of the educational institution were perfect for accommodating the administrative apparatus, classrooms and barracks. Accommodation in the barracks is quite comfortable, each has: 4 shower rooms, 1 rest room and a room for sports. The military serving under the contract are placed separately from the military conscripts. Household duties are performed by civilian workers. Fighters are attracted to them only once a week - on Saturdays.
Upon arrival at the unit, within a period not exceeding 30 days, recruits master the course of a young soldier, after which they are sworn in. Traditionally, the military oath ceremony is held on Saturdays and relatives are allowed to attend.
From time to time, military personnel are taken to field exercises, which, as a rule, take place at the training ground of the village of Tregulay, 5 km away. from Tambov.
The monetary allowance of military personnel goes to the card of VTB Bank, "contract servicemen" - 2 times a month, "conscripts" - 1 time.
Medical care and nutrition
Every day, the unit conducts an inspection of the rank and file to identify diseases or injuries, which is one of the measures to prevent “hazing”, which, according to those who have been in the unit, is absent here. Medical care and treatment is carried out in the infirmary at the unit or in the military hospital in Tambov.
There is a dining room and a tea room in the part. Great importance is attached to the quality of food, so it is constantly checked for compliance with sanitary standards.
Leave and contact with relatives
Introduction
Strategic Missile Forces- it's not just rocket regiments. AT 50th Rocket Army There were also many other divisions. One of these divisions is 23rd Separate Electronic Warfare Battalion (EW), w/h 01091 , callsign " Attic' is directly related to Ruzhany.
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The battalion was formed May 1982 years in 49th Missile Division 50 RA. There were few such units in the Rocket Forces, as a senior metrology engineer writes. 49th rd lieutenant colonel Yu.Ya. Pokladnev [ 2] :
«... [ It was] a new special forces unit - a separate electronic warfare battalion (EW). In the Strategic Missile Forces, only in two divisions - in 7th (Vypolzovskaya) and in our 49th rd, there were such parts. The battalion was stationed at the positions of the former Ruzhansky shelf, was equipped with the latest technology that worked in the field of ultrahigh frequencies (SHF). This technique required a completely new approach....».
What kind of battalion was this, what was its purpose and what did it have to do with the missile forces? To answer these questions, let's go back to the 70s...
How it all started...
Let's turn to the memories of the colonel V.S. Kuznetsova [ 2] :
“In the Armed Forces of the USSR, the concept of electronic warfare (EW) was included in the doctrine of the Armed Forces in 60s years XXth century. AT 1969 year at the Leningrad Military Engineering Academy. A.F. Mozhaisky, the first EW specialists were trained in the USSR Armed Forces. I was lucky to be among this first issue of officers-rebovtsev.
But here they come 70s years. The rapid development of electronics at this time causes an equally rapid development of electronic intelligence. And since the means of "information retrieval" (in simple terms, means of electronic espionage) are being improved, a race naturally begins in the development of countermeasures. Let us add to this that the missiles themselves, the means of aiming and launching them, are increasingly saturated with electronics (namely, electronics, and not the simple electrical executive automation that was in the R-12 or R-14). Combat control and communications systems are also being transferred to the new base. NATO armies (primarily the United States) are armed with high-precision weapons and guidance systems. It becomes clear that the emergence of countermeasures in these years has become an absolute necessity. Electronic countermeasures are becoming "one of the types of combat support".
Exactly at 1970 year in 50 missile army positions are being introduced head of the electronic countermeasures department (REP) of the association and Assistant Chief of Staff for Electronic Countermeasures. First chief REP department of the army in 1970 was appointed lieutenant colonel-engineer Kazantsev A.Ya.
AT 1971 year, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Missile Forces, "Manual on electronic countermeasures of the Rocket Forces" (NREP-71).
AT March 1972 the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR conducted a strategic exercise "Air-72" on the topic "Organization and conduct of electronic warfare (EW) at the beginning and during hostilities", which involved combat crews of command posts of the army and divisions. And in the army there is already a department of electronic warfare (EW).
It is this department 50th Army and during these years has been hard at work to protect missile systems from detection by radio technical means of NATO front-line aviation.
Between the end 70s and during 80s years, several exercises of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the Civil Code of the Strategic Missile Forces on electronic warfare with the participation 50th RA. Here is just a list of these teachings (given from the memoirs of Yu.Ya. Pokladneva [ 2] ):
1. Doctrine of the USSR Ministry of Defense in the Western direction held in 1976 year with the participation of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, the Northern Group of Soviet Forces in Poland, the Baltic, Belorussian, Moscow military districts and 50th Rocket Army. It lasted over 20 days!
2. Research exercise on the stealth of the R-12 missile regiment in the 29th (Siauliai) district. Members: Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment of the Baltic Military District(call sign "Compass") and 307th rp. The task of the aviation regiment is to reveal the true location of the missile divisions (rdn) and inflict conditional strikes on them.
3. Doctrine of the USSR Ministry of Defense. From the side of the Strategic Missile Forces, management was involved 50th RA and missile regiments 7th rd. Purpose: To ensure the survivability of missile systems 7th rd from high-precision weapons (WTO). Members: Reconnaissance Regiment "Shatalovo" and SU-24 fighters ( Lipetsk) - aces! Methods of struggle - the broadest false means on PU in all frequency ranges ("white noise").
4. Research exercise in the USSR Armed Forces on the methods of survivability of troops from the WTO(The first and last in the Soviet Army). Location: 1). Headquarters of the USSR Ministry of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union D.F. Ustinov under the city Riga. 2). Headquarters of the Civil Code of the Strategic Missile Forces and 50th RA at headquarters Siauliai missile divisions. Condition of the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, Chief Marshal of Artillery Tolubko V.F..: "Offer what comes to mind, do not be afraid of stupidity in sentences, speak as much as you can in time." This exercise was a manifestation of the intellectual struggle between representatives of different services of the RA and the Strategic Missile Forces.
5. Final check of our army. Head - Head of the GShRV, Colonel General Vishenkov V.M. The task of the head of the GShRV: Ways to combat missile systems with cruise missiles.
To solve the problems of electronic warfare, integrated technical control units (UKGC) were created in the army department, in 7th, 32nd and 49th rd. Their tasks were to assess the effectiveness and responsibility of commanders for taking measures to counter foreign technical means of reconnaissance (PD IGR) in command and control bodies, units and institutions, and to comply with information protection requirements.
Birth of the 23rd EW Battalion...
Back to top 80s gg. command 50th rocket army, it becomes clear that electronic warfare means need to be concentrated. That is why, for the purpose of electronic cover when 49th rd in May 1982 year is formed 23rd Separate EW Battalion. Initially, the vacant site was chosen as the place of its deployment. 1st rdn 170th rp near the city Lida. But already February 14, 1984 in 403rd Ruzhany shelf removed ground complexes R-12, while a decision was made further than the site of the former 2nd division of the regiment for its intended purpose (to accommodate missile systems) should not be used. In this regard, the vacant seat in middle 1984 years and relocated 23rd EW Battalion. The location of apartments for officers was considered expedient to use not Ruzhany, a Pruzhany. As V. Soroka writes, “... most of the officers and ensigns lived in Pruzhany in two houses: st. Yubileinaya d.8 and d.12. These are typical panel five-story buildings ... ". However, from the letters of those who served in the battalion, it follows that some of the officers and warrant officers lived in Ruzhany. The first unit commander was SamaraV.P.
In 1986(?), in order to ensure the guaranteed delivery of orders and signals to the command posts of units and divisions of the division during the conduct of hostilities, a 842nd mobile command post "Vybor"(PKP "Vybor", military unit 34154-SCH, call sign "Galunny"). The temporary location point is determined jointly with 23rd separate battalion REB-S, also on the funds of the former 2nd missile division of the 403rd missile regiment, followed by moving closer to the center of the division's position area to the point of permanent deployment of the 638th missile regiment (Slonim) for joint deployment.
In 1993, in connection with the completion of the transfer of the facilities of the former 638th missile regiment to the municipal ownership of the Slonim district of the Grodno region, the 842nd command post again returned to the funds of the former 2nd division of the 403rd missile regiment near the city of Ruzhana, and 1171 a separate anti-aircraft missile battalion (1171st Ozrd, military unit 55216, commander of the p / p-k Blinov A.V.), armed with Igla MANPADS.
By the end of 1994, the 1171st Ozrd and the 842nd PKP were relocated to the urban settlement. Gorny Uletovsky district of the Chita region (ZabVO) and disbanded.
In 1988 he became commander Dedurin Sergey Timofeevich.
 Sergei Timofeevich Dedurin. |
EW battalion He was armed with the most modern and efficient mobile equipment, which made it possible to completely paralyze the work of airborne radar stations of front-line aviation.
Vasily Soroka, served in military unit 01091 from January 1989, first as the head of the electronic warfare station, and then as the head of the secret unit. From a May 2009 letter:
“... Perhaps the order to form was signed in May, but the unit celebrated the decade August 29, 1992 The photo that I attached was taken at this particular holiday. I can’t remember everyone, but in the center with his wife is the commander of the unit, lieutenant colonel Dedurin Sergey Timofeevich....
I will dwell on this event in more detail, especially since it was remembered from the best side. On that day, officers and ensigns with their families came to the unit (they also invited those who had served earlier). It all started with an official formation on the parade ground, congratulations to those who distinguished themselves. After that, the holiday moved to the shore of the lake. Tents were set up in a clearing near the lake (separate for children). Dances were staged right in the clearing to the rhythms of VIA from the regiment. Most of all I remember the pilaf prepared by the chefs, I have never tried anything like this in my life. It should be said that at that time there was a strong heat for a long time, even the water level in the lake dropped very much. All the walkers were thirsty. They brought a fire truck and everyone came up and drank water from the tap. Two cars drank in a day. The holiday ended already in the dark, but it rallied the part like nothing else ... "
And again the memories of the colonel V.S. Kuznetsova :
“... in the Strategic Missile Forces, and primarily in our 50th RA, the concept of electronic warfare began to be put into practice, which was repeatedly mentioned in the orders of the USSR Minister of Defense in 1984-1986. Yes, in terms of technical equipment of electronic warfare equipment and its practical application, our army was an order of magnitude higher than the military districts. .. »
“... The pride of our army was the formation of two EW battalions in the 49th and 7th rd. By the way, these were the first and last EW battalions in the Strategic Missile Forces. The process of their formation was complex. It was necessary to create new combat units and master in a short time ways to fight for the survivability of the SPU RSD-10 and OS missile systems ... "
“... Having a separate electronic warfare battalion in the 49th (Lida) missile division, with the latest reconnaissance and jamming stations (they were the first in the USSR Armed Forces to enter our battalion), our army, in terms of its tactical and technical capabilities, was able to cover from enemy air strikes by the Lida, Postavy, Pruzhany, and partially Kaunas divisions, and, in general, the entire Belarusian Military District.
Vasily Soroka, from the letters of 2008-2009:
“... served in the unit at the site of the second division. After re-equipment, the regiment began to be located on the first site, and the EW battalion was relocated to the second in 1986 (?). From where he was taken to the territory of the Russian Federation on August 8, 1993 ... "
“... Maybe I'm wrong, but there were three battalions in the Strategic Missile Forces (Pruzhany, Bologoe, Pervomaisk). Ours was different in that it was located on a separate site ... "
“... military unit 01091. It was a separate EW (electronic warfare) battalion and was intended to protect missiles from the air in the event of an attack. The location of the latter is exactly between Ruzhany and Pruzhany on the site of the old missile unit, 5 km from the highway next to some kind of lake. The part was cropped, so there were about 120 soldiers and sergeants, 30 ensigns and officers in it. The hospital was in my opinion in Slonim. There was no shop, once a week a border chip came. They did not go on layoffs and AWOLs, because there was nowhere to go. For all the time they left the unit five times. Once to Brest, twice to Ruzhany and twice for exercises...”
“... Yes, the officers lived in Ruzhany. The unit was called the Separate EW Battalion, call sign (Attic). The place is absolutely right, that's where we were located ... "
“... The battalion consisted of two companies and one platoon. An electronic intelligence company (short and long-range radar), interference companies (three platoons, each with two stations. One, when turned on, gave milk on the screen of aircraft, the other multiple targets. According to officers, the weapon is quite effective) and households. platoon. I was a ZKV short-range reconnaissance platoon (radar, station P-19), unfortunately I don’t remember the rest of the brands ... The commander of our company was Captain Kravchuk. Platoon Lieutenant Marorescu, immediate superior warrant officer Studenichnik. More names are Captain Verchenov, ensign Gaiduk... I don't remember the commander of the unit (...). Prior to that, he was the commander of the unit (...), I found him only a week after arriving at the unit ... "
“... From the surnames, foreman Borsch from Sakhnovshchina, Sergeant Chomko, Sergeant Gray (my classmate), we were all in training in the city of Lida, as well as soldiers Vakulenko, Titenko, Roginsky.”
Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :
“... The difficulty also lay in the fact that if all army services were involved in the formation of new regiments and the development of new missile technology, then the EW battalions were mostly handled by the head of the EW of the army, the organizational department and the personnel department. Young officers came from the academy. A.F. Mozhaisky and Rostov Higher Engineering School. Command staff - from the ground forces of the Carpathian and Belarusian military districts. These were not the best officers. Ensigns and soldiers on the orders of the chief of staff, General Kozlov G.V. collected in a hurry, within 2 days from all divisions. Well, which of the commanders will send the best? Subsequently, these shortcomings in the selection of personnel created serious problems in maintaining the statutory order and military discipline. However, the process of mastering the technology was at a high level. The social and living conditions of the personnel were exemplary in comparison with many parts of the 49th RD. In the city of Pruzhany, a 75-apartment building for officers, ensigns and employees of the SA battalion was built in a short time. A freelance brass band was created. To train the officers of the battalion, a group of professors and teachers from the Kyiv Higher Military School of the Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces was involved, which conducted retraining courses directly in the battalion for a month. [as V. Soroka clarifies, subsequently the heads of stations were trained in different places, and since 1989 in Tambov training center, - ed. ] The first exercise with the battalion was carried out when it was still based in the city of Lida. The column of more than 100 cars stretched along the streets of the city and fanned out into the territory of the Brest, Grodno, Minsk and Gomel regions. The positions of jamming stations were located at distances of up to 40 km from each other. At each position, there are 6-8 personnel under the command of ensigns and sergeants of military service, who have not yet been studied properly, in a short time and are not technically trained enough. But in general, the exercise went well, and the battalion received initial practice throughout the entire army complex, incl. and professional activities.
After this exercise, the battalion was relocated to the vacated site of the 1st rdn of the 170th rp near the city of Lida. At one of the exercises, the Chief of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General Vishenkov V.M. Arriving at the position of the EW battalion of the 49th RD, deployed in the positional area of the 32nd RD (and the battalion "dangled" in all divisions), I watched its practical actions against the strategic aviation aircraft of the division of General D. Dudayev, based in Tartu. The head of the GShRV highly appreciated the actions of the personnel and equipment: “Yes, this is top-class electronics!”
This battalion, constantly participating in all the exercises conducted by the Minister of Defense, the Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Forces, showed high efficiency in covering the RDN in field positions. Not without incidents and preconditions for disasters.
So, during one of the exercises, the SU-24 aircraft lost its external fuel tank and could no longer return to its airfield. The pilot asked for a landing at the Postavy airfield, but reported that he could not see anything due to strong interference. It was night. I immediately gave the order to remove the interference. All stations complied with the order, except for one. She "crushed" this plane until its landing.
Of course, it was a high-class pilot. In the morning, the army commander, Colonel General Kotlovtsev N.N. asked the pilot to come to the headquarters of the 32nd RD and tell about his feelings and the effectiveness of radio interference. A stately young major arrived. Emotionally, he was depressed, confirmed the strong and unexpected impact of interference. The battalion did not have partners to practice practical tasks. In terms of frequencies similar to those in the West, we then had the SU-24 aircraft. By agreement with the commander of the 50th RA and the Vinnitsa Air Army, two Su-24 regiments stationed at the Kalinkovichi airfield in Belarus, and our battalion became partners. For training at the battalion's stationary station, a combat position was created, through which all the battalion crews underwent practical training, creating interference during training sorties of aircraft of these aviation regiments.
One of the regiments carried out real bombing at its range near the city of Ruzhany. At the request of the regiment commander, we brought 2 jamming stations to the area of the training ground. I was next to the regiment commander at the command post of the training ground.
When the aircraft entered the combat course, the pilots felt the effects of interference already 100 km away. For us, the task of disrupting the attack was to surprise the attackers with the least possible distance from the aircraft to the target.
But even under the condition that the pilots knew and saw interference in advance, the results of the attacks remained negative. The regiment commander, seeing the effectiveness of jamming, asked me: "Give me the opportunity to carry out at least one attack on the top five!" I remained relentless: “I want to test the effectiveness of my battalion. And you check the effectiveness of your preparation! The pilots literally shouted on the air: “We don’t see anything! Remove the interference!
The regiment commander, seeing this turn of events, says: “You know, tomorrow you and I will no longer be in our positions. Sleeping settlements are located at a distance of 10-15 km from the landfill. It is not excluded that the bombing strikes will be erroneously inflicted on them. I had to remove the interference, say goodbye to the hospitable owners of the test site, and the calculations of the interference stations to return to the hospital ... "
 23rd about reb, V. Soroka with subordinates 1989-1990 |
“... As for the electronic warfare battalion, the case when the pilots asked to turn off the interference really happened and I was a direct participant. In the early 90s, a letter came from one of the aviation units with a request to put real interference during the bombing. On the day of the flights, we took only one SPN-30 station from the platoon of Captain Andrey Ambroshchuk, I went as a driver and operator and took a few more soldiers to deploy the station. We clarified which side the raid would be from, chose a place and began to deploy the station. They did not guess to warn the command of the landfill about their presence. Immediately a UAZ car drives up and Andrey is taken to the checkpoint. After some time he returned and we continued to work. Only the flight director demanded to establish a wired connection with them, so I had to take the coil and stomp on the CP. They also gave us the frequencies on which negotiations with the crews would be conducted, so that we would be aware, but we could not do this. As it turned out, the frequency range of our standard radio station did not coincide with the range of the aircraft.
The flights began in the middle of the day, and while there was a bright summer sun, no complaints were made against us, perhaps they worked visually. Just sitting in the station and hearing bombs falling somewhere in a kilometer or two is not entirely pleasant. Toward evening, either the type of aircraft changed or visibility became worse, only then the guys started having problems. We took them at the maximum distance and led until the moment when he flew over us. Immediately switched to the next and all repeated. That's when the phone rang demanding to turn off the high. Further we worked already without inclusion of hindrances.
Perhaps this is not the case that is mentioned in the book, only for the exercises the battalion usually traveled around the territory of the region in platoons without using the aviation range.
And this, of course, is not the last case from the service in the EW battalion, but about them later .... "
Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :
“... Our EW battalion also participated in an experimental exercise with a division located in the village of Tatishevo, Saratov Region, which was led by Colonel-General Vishenkov V.M.
We were relocated to the exercise area by rail. The echelon consisted of 90 wagons. It was a good training for the personnel of the EW battalion.
The division was located for at least 100 km along the Volga River. There are no forests, plains and heights, it was dangerous and difficult to pull out 20-ton stations to some of them along the slopes covered with oil. And it was also a study! Night. Clear sky. The bombers of the Lipetsk Training Center act as attackers on the launchers of the missile division. Pilots - aces!
For 3 nights, aircraft in 3 echelons went to the launchers of the taxiway from south to north and back. The technical means of the electronic warfare battalion were controlled automatically by computers, which gave targets to radio interference stations. And if they "grabbed" this goal, then they would not let it go for anything.
Virtually, it looked like this: 3 echelons of aircraft flying from each other at intervals of 10-15 minutes. Then they turn around and again walk along the missile division. The stations "grabbed" the targets and accompany them with interference. Station antennas track aircraft automatically in altitude and direction. And now the second tier is rolling in. And again they make a second call, then comes the third. On the air "electronic porridge". What is the purpose of "pressing"? Station antennas tremble due to 180° elevation and 360° rotations...
The actions of our battalion in this exercise were assessed very positively and became the "highlight" of this exercise. At this major exercise, many variants of the survivability of missile systems from high-precision weapons were tested ... "
Since the 23rd EW Battalion fully justified the hopes placed on it and clearly carried out the assigned tasks, it was decided to create another similar unit in the 50th Rocket Army. So in December 1985, the 11th separate electronic warfare battalion (military unit 52949) was formed to provide electronic cover for the 7th missile division.
Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :
“... The 11th EW battalion in the Strategic Missile Forces was planned to be formed in the Pervomaiskaya division of the Vinnitsa army. Given that our army already had this experience, it was formed in the 7th rd. Part of the equipment was transferred there from the 49th RD and officers from the 23rd EW battalion were selected ... "
Thus, the 23rd EW battalion became the basis of the new, 11th battalion. Colonel V.S. Kuznetsov :
“... The combat training of the personnel of the EW battalions was not inferior to other parts of the divisions. And on the drill parade ground (especially in the 7th RD), the EW battalions were distinguished by their excellent drill skills and sang their own EW songs. The personnel were proud of belonging to the electronic warfare service, and the merit in this, first of all, of the commanders and officers: Major V.I. (later Chief of Staff of the Chita RA), Captain Kubay A.V. (after the disbandment of our army - deputy head of the Smolensk customs, and then the representative of the Russian Federation in Belarus), captain G.N. Sankuev (now Colonel of Justice, awarded the Honorary Weapon for participation in the fight against terrorism in the Chechen Republic), Captain Rastyapin V.V., Heads of EW divisions Lieutenant Colonels Rozhko P.P., Shelukhin V.V., Kolchugina E.N., Chernyavsky V.N., Baranova V.N. A good memory remained of the first head of the EW Army, Colonel Alexander Yakovlevich Kazantsev, as a bright and talented person who laid a solid foundation for the formation and development of the EW service of the army. I had to become his successor and continue his undertakings and developments to improve the electronic warfare system in our army. These were the years of rapid development of electronic warfare in the Armed Forces, which left a positive imprint on the formation of the electronic warfare service in our army and in the Strategic Missile Forces. This is the undoubted merit of the Commander-in-Chief of the RV and the Chief of the General Staff, officers of the EW Missile Wax Colonel Galaktionov S.P., Major General Karshulin O.N., Colonels Khromenkov E.M., Rakov V.N., Burdonsky V.V. ., Agapova I.I., as well as the officers of the EW laboratory.
Colonel Vidov V.N. served in the army's electronic warfare service. (became the head of the EW of Irkutsk V.A.), Lieutenant Colonel Verblyudov (ended his service as the head of the EW of the Omsk RA), Major Kostyuchkov V.A., the previously mentioned captains Kubay A.V. and Sankuev G.N., captains Turkov A.V. and Gromov V.N.
In conclusion, I want to express my gratitude and pay tribute to all the commanders, chiefs, officers of the services and departments of our missile army, officers of divisions and regiments, units and subunits for their understanding and practical implementation of the methods and methods of electronic warfare ... "
 23rd about reb, V. Soroka with subordinates 1989-1990 |
Expressing concern about the vulnerability of the PGRK, one of the military experts writes: “... It is naive to believe that in modern conditions it is possible to reliably hide a mobile missile system from modern detection tools even in the vast expanses of our country. A mobile launcher is, first of all, a metal object with a length of more than 24 meters, a width of about 3.5 meters and a height of almost 5 meters, which also emits a large amount of heat and is a source of electromagnetic radiation simultaneously in a dozen frequency bands. It must be remembered that a mobile launcher is not even protected from conventional weapons ... ". [2].
“... I chose from photo albums all the photos related to the service in the battalion. I will scan and send in the next letters, I will write about the command staff. About half of the battalion went to Russia. Captain Andrey Ambroshchuk, a former EW company commander, lives in Mogilevtsy. In Ruzhany there are several more station chiefs: Yura Zhukovsky and Volodya Krysko. In Pruzhany, the former head of the club, warrant officer Yura Osadchy (all the photos that I will send are made by him). I will try to meet with them, maybe they will share some information.
I tried to find those who left for Russia through the Odnoklassniki website. I would very much like to know how the fate of the commander, lieutenant colonel Sergey Timofeevich Dedurin, the head of communications, senior l-ta Dima Vasiltsov, Andrey Morarescu (he left either as chief of staff or deputy for armaments), platoon commanders, senior l-ta Alexei Verchenov, Volodya Popov , former early headquarters of Simon Pavel Olegovich (he, as far as I remember, was transferred to the Krasnodar Territory or Stavropol Territory) ... "
The withdrawal of the battalion to Russia ...
1991 could not but affect the fate of the unit ... As V. Soroka writes, “... after the collapse of the USSR, there were not enough soldiers in the unit. When the parade of sovereignties began, most of our soldiers were Ukrainians and Moldovans. For them, the main thing was to get home. (On vacation or even relatives came to pick them up by car) There they were registered with the military registration and enlistment office, ranked as national armed forces, and it was not possible to wrest them from there. It was at such a time that drivers began to appear in the army in the support platoon, employees of the SA, telephone operators and many extra-enlisted ...»
“... When the troops began to withdraw, the battalion was among the first to withdraw. August 8, 1993. All equipment, property and personnel were loaded onto a train and sent to a new duty station on the territory of the Russian Federation. Many transfers were carried out in the last days before the withdrawal, so I don’t remember exactly who went to whom. ... »
“... The battalion was withdrawn to the Kostroma region. As far as I know, a barracks was allocated for housing by an officer, warrant officers and re-enlisted officers. Some of the officers rented accommodation in Kostroma and traveled by rail to the unit every day for about 70 km. ... »
According to some reports, the battalion was subsequently completely disbanded, but this information does not yet have reliable confirmation.
___________________
P.S. New documentary data about the further fate of the battalion appeared.
He was indeed redeployed to Russia (near Kostroma, the 10th missile division) in accordance with the Directive of the Ministry of Defense dated 06/29/1993 No. 314/4/0788, while receiving the conditional unit number of the military unit 02004 ....
EW RF Armed Forces. Dossier
Every year on April 15, the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation celebrate the Day of the Electronic Warfare Specialist - a professional holiday established by decree of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin dated May 31, 2006. Initially celebrated in accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Igor Sergeyev dated May 3, 1999.
History of EW Troops
The history of the formation of the electronic warfare troops (EW) in the Russian army is counted from April 15 (April 2, O.S.), 1904. On this day, during the Russo-Japanese War, signalmen from the Pobeda squadron battleship and the naval telegraph station on Zolotoy Gora managed to , putting radio interference, to disrupt the shelling by the Japanese armored cruisers "Nissin" and "Kasuga" of the Russian squadron and the fortress of Port Arthur, corrected by radio.
Since both sides used the same type of spark transmitters, the enemy’s message could be “hammered with a big spark” - more powerful signals from the apparatus. This incident was the first step in world military history from organizing radio intelligence to conducting electronic warfare in combat operations. In the future, electronic warfare equipment was actively improved, and the practice of their use expanded significantly.
On December 16, 1942, by a resolution of the State Defense Committee signed by Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin, a Department was formed as part of the Military Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff (GS) of the Red Army to manage the work of interfering radio stations and the task was set to form three radio divisions with means for "driving" enemy radio stations - the first units of electronic warfare in the army of the USSR.
On November 4, 1953, the apparatus of the assistant chief of the General Staff for electronic intelligence and interference was created. In the future, it was repeatedly reorganized and changed names (the 9th department of the General Staff, the Electronic Countermeasures Service of the General Staff, the 5th Directorate of the General Staff, the EW Directorate of the Main Directorate of ACS and EW of the General Staff, etc.).
Current state
The range of modern tasks of the EW troops includes electronic reconnaissance and the destruction of electronic means of enemy command and control systems, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of measures taken to electronically protect their forces and means.
In the course of the large-scale reform of the RF Armed Forces, which started in 2008, a vertically integrated electronic warfare system was formed, which is generally managed by the Office of the Chief of the EW Troops of the RF Armed Forces. Ground and aviation units and electronic warfare units are part of the Special Forces of the RF Armed Forces.
In the Ground Forces, separate EW brigades of four battalions have been formed in all four military districts. The brigades are armed with Leer-2 and Leer-3 complexes with Orlan-10 drones, which allow reconnaissance and suppression of tactical radio communications and cellular communications. The electronic warfare unit is also part of a separate motorized rifle arctic brigade as part of the North Joint Strategic Command.
There are separate EW companies in each of the reformed motorized rifle tank brigades and divisions, as well as in most brigades and divisions of the Airborne Forces (VDV). By 2017, EW companies will receive all airborne units, and by 2020 they are planned to be re-equipped with new equipment.
In the Naval Forces (Navy), ground EW forces are integrated into separate EW centers in all four fleets. In the Aerospace Forces (VKS), separate EW battalions are part of the Air Force and Air Defense armies.
Technical equipment
Electronic warfare equipment for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is being developed by JSC Concern Radioelectronic Technologies (JSC KRET), which in 2009-2012. united Russian defense enterprises producing military radio electronics. In 2010-2013 state tests of 18 new types of electronic warfare equipment were successfully completed.
Since 2015, new technical means of radio suppression of communications, radar and navigation, protection against high-precision weapons, control and support systems have been supplied to the arsenal of electronic warfare units: the Krasukha-2O, Murmansk-BN, Borisoglebsk-2, Krasukha complexes - C4", "Light-KU", "Infauna", "Judoka", etc.
The troops are supplied with Mi-8MTPR-1 helicopters equipped with Rychag-AV electronic warfare systems (such machines, in particular, can protect military transport aircraft). The Vitebsk electronic warfare systems are equipped with Su-25SM attack aircraft modernized for the needs of the Russian Aerospace Forces, and individual elements of the complex are installed on Ka-52, Mi-28, Mi-8MT, Mi-26 and Mi-26T2 helicopters.
The Khibiny electronic countermeasures complex is being installed on the Su-34 front-line bomber. Project 20380 corvettes, which are currently replenishing the Russian Navy, carry the TK-25-2 and PK-10 Smely electronic warfare systems, and the TK-28 and Prosvet-M complexes are being installed on project 22350 frigates under construction.
The current state armaments program provides for bringing the level of provision of EW troops with promising equipment by 2020 to the level of 70%.
Share of the latest electronic warfare technology
The share of modern equipment in the electronic warfare troops in 2016 was 46%. In accordance with the plans for equipping electronic warfare units under the state defense order, about 300 basic models of equipment and more than 1,000 small-sized equipment were delivered to the troops.
The measures taken made it possible to re-equip 45% of military units and electronic warfare units with modern complexes, such as Murmansk-BN, Krasukha, Borisoglebsk-2 and others.
These are almost all groups of electronic warfare equipment: radio suppression equipment, radar and radio navigation, protection against WTO, control and support equipment. Considerable attention is paid to the development of electronic warfare technology against unmanned aerial vehicles.
Educational establishments
The training of officers for the EW troops of the Russian Armed Forces is conducted by the Air Force Academy named after Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin in Voronezh, junior EW specialists for all types and branches of the RF Armed Forces are trained at the Interspecific Training Center and combat use of EW troops in Tambov.
On the basis of the center, in 2015, a scientific company was created, in which graduates of the country's leading specialized universities are doing military service, combining it with research on the topic of electronic warfare. In 2016, a new Itog integrated training simulator complex will be equipped on the territory of the Interspecies Center.
Management
Chief of the EW Troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Major General Yuri Lastochkin (since August 2014).
EW aviation systems
According to the ex-head of the EW service of the Air Force, now adviser to the first deputy general director of the Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" (KRET) Vladimir Mikheev, the survivability of aircraft with modern EW systems increases by 20-25 times.
If earlier active jamming stations (SAP) were installed on aircraft, today all aircraft are equipped with airborne defense systems (ABS). Their main difference from the SAP is that the ACS is fully integrated and interfaced with all the avionics of an aircraft, helicopter or drone.
Defense complexes exchange with on-board computers all the necessary information:
About flight, combat missions,
about the purposes and flight routes of the protected object,
about the capabilities of their weapons,
about the real radio-electronic situation on the air,
about potential threats.
In the event of any danger, they can adjust the route so that the protected object does not enter the fire impact zone, ensuring electronic destruction (suppression) of the most dangerous air defense and enemy aircraft, while simultaneously increasing the combat effectiveness of their weapons.
"Vitebsk"
Complex "Vitebsk"
One of the most effective airborne defense systems. It is designed to protect aircraft and helicopters from anti-aircraft missiles with radar and optical (thermal) guidance heads.
"Vitebsk" is installed on:
Modernized attack aircraft Su-25SM,
attack helicopters Ka-52, Mi-28N,
transport and combat helicopters of the Mi-8 family,
heavy transport helicopters Mi-26 and Mi-26T2,
special and civil aircraft and helicopters of domestic production.
The new modification of "Vitebsk", which is just beginning to enter the troops, will be installed on board aircraft and helicopters of transport aviation.
It is planned to equip the Il-76, Il-78, An-72, An-124, which are already in service with the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as the promising Il-112V transport aircraft, with this system.
The implementation of this program will make it possible to significantly increase the combat stability of transport aviation of the Russian Aerospace Forces in a short time.
The Vitebsk complex is already being equipped with Ka-52 and Mi-28 attack helicopters, Su-25 attack aircraft, Mi-8MTV and Mi-8AMTSh transport and combat helicopters. It is designed to protect aircraft from enemy anti-aircraft missiles with infrared, radar or combined homing heads. This system allows you to track the launch of a missile within a radius of several hundred kilometers from the aircraft and "steer" the missile away from the target.
In the future, Vitebsk will receive military transport aircraft of the Il-76MD-90A type.
IL-76. Photo: Anton Novoderezhkin / TASS
There is also an export version of the complex called "President-S", which is very popular in the foreign market and is supplied to a number of countries that operate Russian aviation equipment.
The airborne defense complex "President-S" is designed for individual protection of military and civil aircraft and helicopters from being hit by air and anti-aircraft missile systems, as well as anti-aircraft artillery air defense systems of the enemy, land-based and sea-based. "President-S", in particular, is installed on the Ka-52, Mi-28 and Mi-26 helicopters.
The complex is able to detect the threat of an attack by enemy fighters, anti-aircraft missiles and artillery systems against the protected aircraft. It can destroy and suppress the optical homing heads of aircraft and anti-aircraft guided missiles, including the homing heads of man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
"Lever-AV"
Electronic warfare complex "Rychag-AV". Photo: KRET.
According to the Deputy General Director of the Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant, which produces this equipment, Alexei Panin, the supply of the basic version of the modernized Rychag-AV electronic warfare systems (EW) on the Mi-8MTPR-1 helicopter will be provided in the near future.
Currently, the concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" is completing development work on this product.
It is planned to manufacture new electronic warfare systems on the chassis of KamAZ trucks.
Earlier, the Russian military received ahead of schedule three EW Mi-8MTPR-1 helicopters, the equipment of which makes it possible to protect groups of aircraft, ships and ground equipment from air attacks within a radius of several hundred kilometers, suppressing several targets at once.
"Rychag-AV" actually provides electronic suppression of the guidance system for enemy aircraft and ground targets, that is, it can "blind" them.
In the conditions of interference from the Rychag system, anti-aircraft missile systems, as well as enemy interception aircraft systems, are deprived of the ability to detect any targets and direct guided missiles of the air-to-air, ground-to-air and air-to-ground classes at them, with As a result, the survivability and combat effectiveness of their aircraft are significantly increased.
The carrier of this complex is the most massive Russian Mi-8 helicopter.
A specialized helicopter is a jammer whose main task is to provide electronic countermeasures and create a false environment to cover their aircraft or helicopters, as well as protect the most important ground targets.
"Khibiny"
In 2013, the Khibiny electronic countermeasures complex, designed to protect aircraft from air defense systems, entered service with the RF Armed Forces.
The Khibiny complex differs from the stations of the previous generation by increased power and intelligence. It is able to help control the aircraft's weapons, create a false electronic environment, and also ensure a breakthrough in the enemy's layered air defense.
This happened to the American destroyer Donald Cook in 2014, when the Su-24 aircraft was taken for escort by naval air defense systems.
Then information appeared on the ship's radars that put the crew in a dead end. The plane either disappeared from the screens, then unexpectedly changed its location and speed, then created electronic clones of additional targets. At the same time, the destroyer's information and combat weapon control systems were practically blocked. Considering that the ship was located 12,000 km from US territory in the Black Sea, it is easy to imagine the feelings experienced by the sailors on this ship.
Now a new Khibiny-U complex for front-line aircraft, in particular the Su-30SM, is under development.
"Himalayas"
This complex is a further development of the Khibiny, it is “sharpened” for the fifth generation T-50 aircraft (PAK FA).
Fighter T-50. Photo: Sergey Bobylev / TASS
Its main difference from its predecessor is that the Khibiny is a kind of container that is suspended on the wing, occupying a certain suspension point, while the Himalayas are fully integrated into the board and are made as separate elements of the aircraft fuselage.
The antenna systems of the complex are built on the principle of "smart plating" and allow you to perform several functions at once: reconnaissance, electronic warfare, location, etc. The complex will be able to put active and passive interference to infrared homing heads of modern missiles, as well as modern and advanced radar stations.
The characteristics of this complex are still classified, because the T-50 aircraft is the latest fifth-generation fighter and has not yet been adopted by the Russian Aerospace Forces.
Su-34 equipped with electronic warfare
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation received in 2016 several complexes that make it possible to make an electronic warfare aircraft (EW) out of the Su-34 bomber.
This complex allows the aircraft to protect not only itself, but the entire system. Thanks to these complexes, the survivability of aircraft is increased by 20-25%.
Fighter-bomber Su-34. Photo: KRET.
Ground-based electronic warfare systems
Modern ground-based electronic warfare systems operate in the digital signal processing mode, which helps to significantly increase their efficiency.
Digital technology has a large electronic memory library and reports to the operator the types of enemy equipment, and also offers him the most effective jamming signals and optimal algorithms for possible countermeasures.
Previously, the operator of the electronic warfare station had to independently determine the type of the tracked object from the characteristics of the reconnaissance signal and select the type of interference for it.
"Krasukha-S4"
This complex has absorbed all the best of the electronic warfare technology of previous generations. In particular, Krasuha inherited a unique antenna system from its predecessor, the SPN-30 jamming station.
Another advantage of the new system is the almost complete automation. If earlier the system was controlled manually, then in Krasukha-4 the principle is implemented: “do not touch the equipment, and it will not let you down”, that is, the role of the operator is reduced to the role of an observer, and the main mode of operation is centralized automated control.
Complex "Krasukha-C4". Photo: Rostec State Corporation.
The main purpose of Krasukha-S4 is to cover command posts, groupings of troops, air defense systems, important industrial facilities from aerial radar reconnaissance and high-precision weapons.
The capabilities of the complex's broadband active jamming station make it possible to effectively deal with all modern radar stations used by various types of aircraft, as well as cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles.
"Krasukha-20"
This version of "Krasukha" is designed for electronic countermeasures of American early warning and control systems (AWACS) AWACS.
AWACS is the most powerful reconnaissance and control aircraft with a whole crew on board. In order to "blind" this plane, you need a lot of energy. So, the power and intelligence of the second "Krasukha" is enough to compete with this aircraft.
The entire complex is deployed within a few minutes, without human intervention, and after deployment, it is able to “turn off” AWACS at a distance of several hundred kilometers.
"Moscow-1"
Complex "Moscow-1". Photo by KRET.
The complex is designed to conduct electronic reconnaissance (passive radar), interact and exchange information with the command posts of the anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering troops, aviation guidance points, issue target designation and control interference units and individual means of electronic suppression.
The structure of "Moscow-1" includes a reconnaissance module and a control center for interference units (stations).
The complex is capable of:
Carry radio and electronic intelligence at a distance of up to 400 km,
classify all radio-emitting means according to the degree of danger,
provide road support
ensure target distribution and display of all information,
provide reverse control of the efficiency of the units and individual electronic warfare assets that it manages.
The “debut” of the Moskva complexes took place in March 2016 as part of the joint tactical exercises of the air defense and aviation forces in the Astrakhan region.
EW "Mercury-BM". Photo: Press Service of the Rostec State Corporation.
The state defense order for the Moscow-1 and Rtut-BM electronic warfare systems was completed ahead of schedule. In 2015, the Russian army received nine Moscow-1 electronic warfare systems.
"Infauna"
The complex, developed by the United Instrument-Making Corporation (OPC), provides radio reconnaissance and radio suppression, protection of manpower, armored and automotive vehicles from aimed fire from melee weapons and grenade launchers, as well as from radio-controlled mine-explosive devices.
Broadband radio reconnaissance equipment significantly increases the radius of protection of covered mobile objects from radio-controlled mines. The ability to install aerosol curtains allows you to hide equipment from high-precision weapons with video and laser guidance systems.
Currently, these complexes on a unified wheeled chassis K1Sh1 (BTR-80 base) are mass-produced and supplied to various units of the Armed Forces.
"Borisoglebsk-2"
Complex "Borisoglebsk-2". Photo: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
This electronic countermeasures complex (REW), also developed by the OPK, forms the technical basis of the electronic warfare units of tactical formations.
Designed for radio reconnaissance and jamming of HF, VHF ground and air radio communication lines, subscriber terminals of cellular and trunk communication in tactical and operational-tactical control levels.
The complex is based on three types of jamming stations and a command post located on MT-LBu armored personnel carriers, a traditional tracked base for ground-based electronic warfare systems. Each complex includes up to nine units of mobile equipment.
The complex implemented fundamentally new technical solutions for the construction of radio intelligence and automated control systems. In particular, broadband energetically and structurally secretive signals are used, which provide noise-proof and high-speed data transmission.
The range of scouted and suppressed frequencies has been more than doubled compared to previously supplied jamming stations, and the frequency detection rate has been increased by more than 100 times.
Marine electronic warfare systems
These complexes are designed to protect ships of various classes from reconnaissance and fire damage. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that for each ship, depending on its type, displacement, as well as the tasks it solves, there is a special set of electronic warfare equipment.
The composition of ship complexes includes:
Radio and electronic intelligence stations,
active and passive means of electronic warfare,
automata that provide ship camouflage in various physical fields,
devices for shooting false targets, etc.
All these systems are integrated with the ship's fire and information assets to increase the survivability and combat effectiveness of the ship.
TK-25E and MP-405E
They are the main ship-based electronic warfare systems. They provide protection against the use of radio-controlled air and ship-based weapons by creating active and passive interference.
TK-25E ensures the creation of impulse misinformation and imitation interference using digital copies of signals for ships of all main classes. The complex is capable of simultaneously analyzing up to 256 targets and providing effective protection for the ship.
MP-405E- for equipping ships of small displacement.
It is able to prevent detection, analyze, and classify the types of emitting electronic means and their carriers according to the degree of danger, as well as provide electronic suppression of all modern and promising means of reconnaissance and destruction of the enemy.
Russian electronic warfare equipment surpasses Western counterparts
Photo: Donat Sorokin/TASS
Russian electronic warfare equipment is superior to Western counterparts in a number of characteristics, including range.
The main advantages of domestic electronic warfare equipment over foreign counterparts include its greater range, which is achieved through the use of more powerful transmitters and more efficient antenna systems.
Russian electronic warfare equipment has advantages in terms of the number of targets that are affected, the possibility of its more effective combat use due to the implementation of a flexible control structure, both for electronic warfare systems and for individual models of equipment that operate autonomously and as part of conjugated pairs.
The material was prepared on the basis of open sources of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation,
Rostec State Corporation, Radioelectronic Technologies Concern and TASS.
Overall rating of the material: 5
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