Underground wealth of the Altai Territory presentation. Minerals of the Altai Territory: names, photos. Raw materials for non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy
The territory of the Altai Territory in its geological past more than once turned out to be the bottom of the sea, and this could not pass without a trace for the bowels of this land. Geologists are still evaluating the complexity of the deep structure of the earth's crust. According to one version, the name Altai comes from the Mongolian word "alt" and literally means "place of gold." And this assumption is not so far from reality, the earth really impresses with its wealth of minerals.
Altai Krai is a large industrial region of Russia. It is spread in the southeast of Western Siberia and the length of its territory covers almost all natural zones, averaging 585 km from west to east, and 360 km from north to south.
Minerals of the Altai Territory
The diversity of the picturesque landscape can only guess about the significant resource potential of the region. The list of minerals in the Altai Territory is represented by deposits of iron, polymetal, brown coal, gypsum, natural soda, salt and precious metal. The mining of rare metals does not stop: molybdenum, bismuth, tungsten, lithium and others. Raw storages of building materials are very well represented: almost 20 deposits of building stones, a large number of storerooms of inert resources, gypsum, brick and expanded clay, material for the production of concrete and the composition of building solutions.
The Altai region is famous for its unique porphyry deposits, unsurpassed quality of granites, marbles and jaspers. Also, the fertile land has been appreciated more than once for its healing and healing waters and mud.
Of course, none of the riches of the earth can last forever. In order to instill a careful attitude to the natural resources of the earth, teachers of the region, within the framework of the Local History program, provide the necessary knowledge to elementary school students in grades 2-4 about the minerals of the Altai Territory.
A bit of history
The generosity of the bowels of the Altai land was famous even before the region became part of the Russian state. But for a long time, knowledge about the region itself remained scarce, often mythical. At the beginning of the 17th century, pioneers came here mainly for table salt mined in local lakes.
The active development of minerals in the Altai Territory began with a military confrontation between Russia and Sweden at the beginning of the 18th century. In this regard, the constant supply of copper from the Scandinavian state was terminated. While searching for much-needed resources for a military campaign, the Kostylevs, a Russian miner, discovered copper ore at Zmeina Gora near Kolyvan. The Ural breeder A. Demidov took advantage of this discovery and in 1729 the Kolyvano-Voskresensky plant was put into operation. A little later, silver was discovered here. By the end of the 18th century, eight mining and metallurgical plants were already operating in the region. And along with this, deposits of ornamental stones were also discovered: Beloretskoye, Korgonskoye, Goltsovskoye and Revnevskoye.
The past century was marked by significant geological achievements: 13 deposits of polymetallic ores, two deposits of iron and one unique deposit of aluminum-iron-titanium-vanadium ore (Kharlovskoye) were discovered and thoroughly explored. Thus, a significant resource base of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy was prepared for industrial development, which was concentrated mainly in Rudny Altai.
Polymetallic ores
Most of the mining in the Altai Territory falls on polymetallic ores. A total of 10 deposits were discovered, which are compactly located to each other in the southwestern part of the region. Currently, deposits of such fields as Rubtsovskoye, Zarechenskoye, Korbalikhinskoye, Yubileynoye, Stepnoye, Srednee, Zakharovskoye, Mayskoye, Talovskoye and Lazurskoye are considered to be actively developed. Their combined reserves amount to almost 61 million tons of ore and contain 1600 thousand tons of lead, 800 thousand tons of copper, about 4806 thousand tons of zinc, 3543 tons of silver and 40 tons of gold.
The specificity of the Altai deposits lies in the difficulty of selecting an appropriate ore beneficiation technology. Experts noted that the complex ores of some deposits, for example, Rubtsovskoe, are difficult to enrich, which is explained by the general intergrowth of copper, zinc and lead sulfides between themselves and with the host rock. Often they lie in difficult geological conditions. But according to intelligence data, metals in such a combination are not found anywhere else in Russia.
Iron ores
The Beloretskoye and Inskoye deposits represent the raw material base of iron ores in the Altai Territory. Minerals of the Beloretsk storeroom are somewhat more modest, although they have a high presence of silica, the iron content in ores is 33.6%. Insk deposits are richer, have some sulfur and phosphorus, iron content is 45%. The total ore reserve of the two deposits is 490 million tons.
Small deposits of magnetite ores are known: Rubizhnoye, Chesnokovskoye, Kuznetsovskoye. And in the western part of the region there is the Kulunda iron ore area. The iron content in them is from 23% to 37%. These deposits are not being exploited.
Munai brown coal deposit
Until recently, the largest lignite deposit in the Soltonsky district occupied an increasingly confident position along with other minerals that are mined in the Altai Territory. Its resources were estimated at almost 250 million tons. The deposits are located in the center of the Shaburovskaya coal-bearing area and are represented by an oval schizometric band. The main industrial coal reserves are concentrated in horizontally occurring seams - Rogozinsky and Goncharovsky.
The quality of Munaisky coal is not inferior to coals from the Kansk-Achinsk basin of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its main buyers were the Biysk, Smolensk, Solton, Zonal, Togul, Soviet and Tselinny regions. Demands for Solton coal continued to grow, and a real consumption market began to emerge. Based on this, it would seem that the Munai coal mine has great prospects, but reality has shown otherwise.
The coal deposit was discovered in the 80s of the XIX century, but remained without due attention. Only a century later, Novosibugol began to develop the deposit, after which it repeatedly changed its owners. Unfortunately, today the situation has not changed much. In 2016, the Munaisky section was mothballed.
Tungsten
For a long time, metals have been in the service of mankind, helping to create and improve technology. An important place among them is occupied by tungsten, the metal at the fiery frontiers. Among all the minerals that are mined in the Altai Territory, the fate of tungsten is somewhat in limbo. Its production was practically stopped, given that Russia previously occupied one of the key positions in the world market.
There are 20 tungsten deposits in the region. The Kolyvansky and Talitsko-Belokurikha regions are especially noted. In the Kolyvansky district there are Plitninskoye, Ryabinovskoye, Novokolyvanskoye, Kolyvanskoye, Beloretskoye and Kremlevskoye deposits. Within the Talitsko-Belokurikha region - Dmitrievskoye, Osinovskoye, Nikolskoye, Ivankinskoye, Batunovskoye and other deposits.
Tungsten deposits are mainly classified as quartz-vein type. The leading minerals are molybdenite, wolframite and scheelite. The Batunovskoye, Mulchikhinskoye and Beloretskoye deposits are of economic interest.
Gold deposits
The rich geological history determined the formation of the complex structure of the earth's crust and the relief of the Altai Territory. The minerals that abound in the bowels of the earth never cease to amaze with their diversity. The region continues to confidently occupy positions in the extraction of precious and non-ferrous metals.
At present, the Novofirsovskoye ore field in the Kurinsky district and the Murzinskoye deposit (Demidovsky mine) are the most developed. Placer gold deposits are concentrated in 14 knots of the North Altai and Salair gold-bearing regions. Significant concentrations of gold are found in complex polymetallic deposits (Zarechenskoye and Zmeinogorskoye). The development of the Korbalikhinskoye deposit continues, whose reserves are estimated at 26 million tons of ore. And in the near future it is planned to carry out exploration work at the following sites: Kayanchinskaya (Altai region), Loktevskaya (Kurinsky region) and Kumirskaya (Charysh region).
Stones of Altai
Nature continues to generously share the reserves of unique facing and ornamental stones in the Altai region. Approximately 300 deposits have been discovered, but only a few have been explored. Due to their high quality, the stones brought world fame to the Beloretsky quartzite deposit, the Revnevsky deposits of green-striped jaspers, the Goltsovsky deposit of spotted jaspers and the Korgonsky deposit of porphyries and jaspers.
Facing stones began to develop relatively recently. The white marbles of the Pushtulimsk deposit managed to gain fame far beyond the borders of the Altai Territory. The marble of the Tavdinsky, Belovsky, Ust-Munsky and Dukovsky deposits is slightly less famous.
Minerals in the Altai Territory list and got the best answer
Answer from Mikhail Makarovsky[guru]
The bowels of the Altai Territory are rich in minerals. Rich deposits of polymetallic ores are located in Ore Altai (Zmeinogorsky, Zolotushinsky, Rubtsovsky ore regions). Ores contain copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold. Tungsten-molybdenum deposits are found in crystalline rocks. Sometimes - in limestone, cut by quartz veins with a variety of components, consisting of tungsten, zinc, copper and rare metals.
Salair is rich in bauxite deposits (Berdskoye, Mayskoye, Obukhovskoye and other deposits). At the junction of the Salair and the Altai Mountains, magnesium ores occur. Various types of sand are widespread in the Altai Territory. Quartz sands are used for the production of silicate bricks, glass is made from pure quartz sands. Building sand deposits are located near Barnaul, Stone-on-Ob. In the valleys of the Biya and Katun rivers, as well as in the upper reaches of the Alei, there are large reserves of sand and gravel mixtures. The reserves of the most important building material - limestone - are practically inexhaustible in the region, and such valuable decorative building material as marble is mined at the Pushtulim deposit, and Korgon marble is mined in the Charysh valley. Due to the high decorative and technical qualities of ornamental stones, the Beloretskoye quartzite deposit, the Revnevskoye and Goltsovskoye deposits of green and banded jaspers were world famous.
Gneiss and gypsum are used as building materials. The main deposit of gypsum is near Lake Dzhira in the Kulunda steppe. In the Kulunda lowland, there are more salt lakes than fresh water (this is one of the largest salt-bearing regions of the country). The brine of the local lakes contains magnesium chloride, bromine salts, sodium sulfate, soda, table salt. In terms of reserves of mirabilite (sodium sulfate), the Altai Territory ranks first in the Russian Federation, and in terms of natural soda reserves, it ranks first in the world. There are therapeutic muds in the lakes Kuchuksky and Big Yarovoye. In the foothills of Altai, radioactive sources were found, on the basis of which the resort operates (the world-famous Belokurikha radon waters). In Altai, there are many ornamental stones found only here, known since Demidov's times. In the village Kolyvan is a grinding factory. Vases and bowls made here adorn the halls of various museums in our country and abroad. And the largest thing made here - the Colossal bowl, which weighs 11 tons, is in the Hermitage of St. Petersburg. More often it is called "The Queen of Vases", and it was made for 15 years. It is no coincidence that the image of this vase is placed on the coat of arms of the Altai Territory.
Answer from Kindergarten №27[newbie]
Altai Territory: location features On the border with Kazakhstan in South-Western Siberia, this unusually beautiful region is located - Altai. This region has a surprisingly diverse terrain: the world's largest plain is replaced by the Altai Mountains. Because of such relief features, the area is rich in minerals. Still, most of the Altai Territory is a plain, gradually rising. It is bordered on one side by the Altai Mountains, and on the other by the Salair Ridge. It is easy to confuse it with ordinary hills, but this is not so: the ridge is a low mountain three hundred kilometers long. The Altai Territory is also unique in that many natural zones pass along its length: taiga and mountains, forest-steppe and steppe. As for water resources, there are several large rivers. Moreover, the largest of them, the Ob, occupies 70 percent of the entire territory. The territory is also rich in lakes: there are 11 thousand only of those whose area is more than 1 kilometer. Mining methods Minerals are mined in the Altai Territory (we will present a photo of them in the article) in three main ways. First, the so-called open. In this case, a quarry with a depth of no more than 500 meters is built directly in the deposit zone and the extracted minerals are loaded onto specialized equipment. Secondly, mines are being built. This method is good when deposits are deep enough. In this case, first, the so-called mine shaft, resembling a giant well, is dug into the depths of the rock, and then the infrastructure is built on. Another method, innovative, uses a high pressure jet. It is fed into the well, which is made in the fossil rock, crushes it. Next, pieces of rock are lifted up. By the way, this is the most inefficient method, but it is under development. Iron ore The most famous minerals of the Altai Territory, of course, are ores. There are 16 largest deposits in total. It should be noted that they are located in the southwestern part, have a very developed infrastructure. According to estimates, there are 70 and 490 tons of polymineral and iron ores in the depths of Altai, respectively. Iron ore is mined in the Kulunda steppe. It is mainly used in ferrous metallurgy. Moreover, three types of it are industrially produced: separated (that is, crumbly), sinter ore (in the form of pieces) and pellets (liquid mass containing iron). There is such a thing as rich iron ore - this is one in which more than 57% of the iron content. It is from it that iron is smelted, and then steel. If the iron content in the ore is low, it is enriched by industrial methods. But ore is used and not only for these purposes, it is also included in ocher - a special dye of natural origin. Copper ore The mineral map of the Altai Territory is also rich in copper ores. Their deposits are located mainly in the west of the Silair Ridge. These ores have been mined here since the 16th century, when in 1719 the discovered deposits began to be developed under the supervision of A. N. Demidov. At the same time, the first factories appeared in these places. However, even 2.5 thousand years ago, ancient people mined copper here. What is copper ore? This is such a special composition of minerals, in which the content of the copper component makes it possible to process it during the industrial process. This requires a minimum of 0.5% copper concentration in the rock. Most often, such ore is a combination of copper and nickel. Depending on the enrichment of the ore with copper, there are: chalcocite, bornite and copper pyrites. Ores are listed in descending order of useful metal content. Copper is widely used in various fields. For a long time, people have noticed its ability to conduct heat well, resistance to corrosion, as well as excellent electrical conductivity. Another obvious plus is that copper melts at relatively low temperatures.
Answer from Bogdan Ignatov[newbie]
Answer from Nikita Chizhikov[newbie]
The bowels of Altai are very rich in minerals. For example, the Zmeinogorskoye and Zolotushinskoye deposits, which have ores of complex composition and contain copper, lead, zinc, silver, and gold. Tungsten-molybdenum deposits are found in crystalline rocks. Sometimes they are located in limestones cut by quartz veins with various components consisting of tungsten, zinc, copper and rare metals.
There are several iron ore deposits in Altai. In the Kulunda steppe, iron ores are located near Lake Kuchuk, st. Kulund and s. Keys. Kulunda ores contain up to 20% iron. Iron ore deposits have been found in the Sailyugem and Chuisky ranges, in the middle reaches of the Charysh and Biya.
Bauxite and copper ore deposits have been discovered along the western slopes of the Salair Ridge. Bauxites, by the way, may well be of industrial importance for Altai. In the north-east of the region, in the foothills of Salair, there are several small deposits of bauxite lying almost on the surface. At the junction of the Altai Mountains and Salair, magnesium ores fly in. There are therapeutic muds in the lakes Kuchuksky and Big Yarovoye. In the foothills of Altai, radioactive sources were found, the Belokurikha radon waters, on the basis of which the resort operates, are especially widely known.
In the Kulunda lowland at a depth of 1200-1400 m there are fresh and mineral underground waters. Fresh waters are suitable for domestic and technical purposes, which is important for the arid Kulunda.
In Kuchuksky, Kulundknsky, Marmyshansky there is mirabilite - sodium sulfate). The brine of Kuchuksky and Bolshoi Yarovoye lakes contains magnesium chloride, bromine salts. In terms of mirabilite reserves, the region ranks first in Russia. Mirabilite is contained in the brine of Kuchuk Lake and occurs in it in a layer up to three meters thick.
Various types of sand are widespread in the Altai Territory. Quartz sands are used for the production of silicate bricks, glass is obtained from pure quartz sands. Building sand deposits are located near Barnaul, Stone-on-Ob. Sand and gravel mixtures are located in the valley of the Biya, Katun, in the upper reaches of the Alei.
In the south of Gorny Altai, about two km from the Tashanta-Novosibirsk highway, near the small village (there are ten houses in total) Chitan-Uzun, there is the Taldy-Yargunskoye brown-coal deposit. It can serve as a base for supplying the entire remote area.
We have a lot of iron ore. In particular, there are two very important deposits in the region - Beloretskoye (named after the Belaya River) and Inskoye (along the Inya River, near the village of Tegerek) deposits. In the territory of the Republic of Altai adjacent to our border, there is a third large deposit - Kholzunskoye. It is the largest of the three. But the richest is Inskoye, where the iron content in the ore is up to 45 percent. Such ore is now a rarity in the world, because all the rich ores have long been worked out, now the poorer ones are most often mined. On the basis of the Beloretskoye and Inskoye deposits, it was planned a long time ago to create one Beloretsko-Inskoy mining and processing plant.
We should also say about the Altai stones. The Kolyvan stone-cutting plant was recently completely closed. But it was the pride of not only Altai, but all of Russia. There are Remnev jaspers, other jaspers. There is the world's only deposit of pinkish quartzites-belorechites mined on the Belaya River. Pushtulim marble deposit. Oroktoy marble deposit in Gorny Altai. Marble is a valuable decorative building material. Along the Chui valley, ridges stretch for tens of kilometers, the main rock of which is white, purple and gray marble. In the Oroktoyskoye deposit (middle course of the Katun), marble of several colors and shades: pale yellow and snow-white marbles are replaced by pink and golden ones.
Jasper, quartzite, porphyry and other ornamental stones, multicolored and high quality, are located in Kolyvansk
The subsoil of Altai is rich in minerals.
Known Zmeinogorskoe and Zolotushinskoe deposits polymetals, which have ores of complex composition and contain copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold. Tungsten-molybdenum deposits are in crystalline rocks. Sometimes they are located in limestones cut by quartz veins with various components consisting of tungsten, zinc, copper and rare metals.
Mercury deposits dated to the faults of the Alpine era of mountain building. The main deposits of cinnabar (mercury ore) are located in the valley of the river. Chui - Aktash and Chagan-Uzun. In the northern part of the Cherginsky Range, the Sarasinsky mercury zone was discovered.
There are several deposits in Altai iron ores. The main ones are located in the area of the Kholzunsky ridge - Inskoye and Beloretskoye with reserves of approximately 500 million tons magnetite ore with an iron content of 30 to 50%. In the Kulunda steppe, iron ores are located near Lake Kuchuk, st. Kulund and s. Keys. Kulunda ores contain up to 20% iron. Iron ore deposits have been found in the Sailyugem and Chuisky ranges, in the middle reaches of the Charysh and Biya.
Deposits discovered along the western slopes of the Salair Ridge bauxite and copper ore. At the junction of the Altai Mountains and Salair, ores fly in magnesium.
In the lakes Kuchuksky and Bolshoy Yarovoye there are healing mud. Radioactive sources have been found in the foothills of Altai, the Belokurikha springs are especially well known. radon water, on the basis of which the resort operates.
In the Kulunda lowland at a depth of 1200-1400 m there are fresh and mineral underground waters. Fresh waters are suitable for domestic and technical purposes, which is important for the arid Kulunda.
There are more saline lakes in the Kulunda lowland than fresh ones, some of them are located on the Priobsky plateau. In Kuchuksky, Kulundknsky, Marmyshansky there are mirabilite- sodium sulfate). The brine of Kuchuksky and Big Yarovoe lakes contains magnesium chloride, bromine salts. Reserves of table salt in Kuchukskoye Lake are 56.8 million tons; in Burlinsky - 30 million tons . In Mikhailovsky, Tanatar 1, in Petukhovsky lakes contains soda, salt, mirabilite. The total reserves of natural soda in the region - more than 6 million tons , which is approximately 96% of Russia's reserves (first place in the world). In terms of mirabilite reserves, the region ranks first in Russia. Mirabilite is contained in the brine of Kuchuk Lake and occurs in it in a layer up to three meters thick.
Construction material is available in almost all regions of the region. Stocks clay for the production of bricks are unlimited. In the middle course of the Biya there is the Azhinsky deposit of multi-colored coloring clays - red, blue, yellow, gray and other colors. Mineral paints are made from them. Cement refractory clays are located on the western slopes of Salair. Large Vrublevo-Agafonovskoye deposit in the area of the station. Golukha has reserves of up to 35 million tons limestone and 11 million tons clay.
Various types of sand are widespread in the Altai Territory. quartz sands are used for the production of silicate bricks, glass is obtained from pure quartz sands. Place of Birth building sands located near Barnaul, Kamen-on-Obi. Sand and gravel mixtures are located in the Biya valley, Katun, in upper reaches of the Alei.
Limestones- the most important building material. Their reserves in the region are practically inexhaustible. Large deposits of limestone for firing are Tugainskoye (Gorno-Altaysk) and Manzherokskoye.
Marble- a valuable decorative building material. Along the Chui valley, ridges stretch for tens of kilometers, the main rock of which is white, purple and gray marble. In the Oroktoyskoye deposit (middle course of the Katun), marble of several colors and shades: pale yellow and snow-white marbles are replaced by pink and golden ones. The Taganskaya station of the Moscow Metro is lined with Oroktoy marble, and the columns of the Park of Culture and Leisure station are lined with Pashtulim marble. The Pushtulim deposit is located on Salair. Korgon marble is known according to Charysh.
Jasper, quartzite, porphyry and other ornamental stones, multicolored and of high quality, are found in the Kolyvansky, Tigiretsky, Korgonsky and other ranges of the northwestern Altai. Often there are opals, chalcedony, rock crystal. In Gorny Altai there are griffon shales, on Salair - graphite.
gneisses and gypsum used as building materials. The main deposit of gypsum near Lake Dzhira in the Kulunda steppe.
Significant reserves granite, which is used in the construction of solid structures; it is well polished and therefore used for cladding buildings and monuments.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
SUMMER COMPETITION OF PHOTOMATERIALS "MY LAND: MAN AND NATURE" Nomination: "Natural wealth of my land"
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Altai Krai is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, on the border of continental Asia, 3419 km from Moscow. The territory of the region is 168 thousand square meters. km, in terms of area it ranks 24th in the Russian Federation and 10th in the Siberian Federal District. In the north, the region borders on the Novosibirsk region, in the east - on the Kemerovo region, the southeastern border passes with the Republic of Altai, in the southwest and west - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan with a length of 843.6 km. Mineral resources The region has deposits of brown coal, iron, polymetallic and nickel-cobalt ores, bauxite, native and alluvial gold, mineral salts (sodium and magnesium sulfate, common salt, natural soda), cement raw materials, gypsum, facing and colored stones, therapeutic mud, mineral and drinking underground waters. The most significant types of minerals for the region's economy at present are polymetallic ores, gold and sodium sulfate.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Characteristics of resources Polymetallic ores are the main value of the subsoil of the Altai Territory. In the southwestern part of the region (the Russian part of Rudny Altai) 16 deposits have been explored. The balance reserves of all deposits amount to 70 million tons of ore. The reserves of ten fields are most in demand: Korbalikhinsky, Rubtsovsky, Zarechensky, Sredny, Talovsky, Stepnoy, Zakharovsky, Yubileiny, Lazursky and Maisky. The total reserves of these deposits amount to 60.7 million tons of ore containing 799 thousand tons of copper, 1602 thousand tons of lead, 4806 thousand tons of zinc, 40 tons of gold, 3543 tons of silver. Museum of Zmeinogorsk
4 slide
Description of the slide:
5 slide
Description of the slide:
1. Magnesium salts are found in four deposits: lakes Kuchuk, Bolshoye Yarovoye and Maloe Yarovoye in the amount of 15776 thousand tons, as well as in the Malinovsky deposit of magnesium brines in the amount of 12600 m3 / day. The development of this type of raw material on the territory of the region is not currently carried out. 2. Five deposits - lakes Burlinskoye, Kuchuk, Bolshoye Yarovoye, Kochkovatoe and Raspberry - contain reserves of table salt in the amount of 69.7 million tons. The Burlinskoye deposit is being developed. 3. Reserves of natural soda in the amount of 2247 thousand tons are contained in two deposits: Mikhailovsky and Petukhovsky. Mining is carried out at the Mikhailovsky deposit. 4. Three deposits of cement raw materials have been explored within the Altai Territory - Vrublevo-Agafyevskoye, Neverovskoye and Samara with reserves of this type of mineral in the following quantities, million tons: clay rocks - 57.8; limestones - 166.7. The Vrublevo-Agafievsky deposit is being developed by OAO Cement, which produces a significant amount of cement products. 5. The Dzhirinskoye deposit stands out from the deposits of building materials, which contains gypsum reserves in the amount of 8.919 million tons. The deposit is in the stage of preparation for development. 6. Explored reserves of facing stones, concentrated in seven deposits (Elandinsky, Dukovsky, Pushtulimsky, Kamensky, Baikalsky, Beloretsky and Korgonsky) amount to 4008.7 thousand m3. The development of deposits is carried out at an insufficient pace due to low demand from consumers. 7. Colored stones are represented by two deposits of decorative jasper - Lugovsky and Revnevsky with total balance reserves of 62.8 thousand tons. The Revnevsky deposit is currently being prepared for industrial development. 8. Reserves of therapeutic mud in the amount of 10,629 thousand m3 are accounted for in five deposits - Chernokurinskoye, Mormyshanskoye Lake, Small Yarovoe Lake, Gorkoe-Peresheechnoye Lake (Western site) and the North-Eastern Estuary site (Lake M. Yarovoye). The Chernokuryinskoye deposits, Mormyshanskoye lake, Small Yarovoe lake, Gorkoe-Peresheechnoye lake (Western section) and the North-East estuary section (Lake M. Yarovoye) are being developed. 9. On the territory of the region there is the only Kuchukskoye sodium sulfate deposit being developed in the Russian Federation, the reserves of which amount to 179 million tons. In 2014, polymetallic ores, gold, silver, mineral salts, therapeutic mud, as well as non-metallic minerals: cement raw materials and facing stone.
6 slide
Very varied. This is explained by the favorable geographical position. Since ancient times, all kinds of ores, stones, construction and ornamental have been mined here. The region is also rich in deposits of limestone and sand. The mineral medicinal waters flowing in the bowels of the Altai land are also famous. Consider what minerals are mined in the Altai Territory, we will give examples of their use.
Altai Krai: location features
On the border with Kazakhstan, this unusually beautiful region is located - Altai. This region has an amazingly diverse terrain: the world's largest plain is replaced. Because of such relief features, the area is rich in minerals.
Still, most of the Altai Territory is a plain, gradually rising. It is bordered on one side by the Altai Mountains, and on the other by the Salair Ridge. It is easy to confuse it with ordinary hills, but this is not so: the ridge is a low mountain three hundred kilometers long.
The Altai Territory is also unique in that many natural zones pass along its length: taiga and mountains, forest-steppe and steppe.
As for water resources, there are several large rivers. Moreover, the largest of them, the Ob, occupies 70 percent of the entire territory. The territory is also rich in lakes: there are 11 thousand only those whose area is more than 1 kilometer.
Mining methods
Minerals are mined in the Altai Territory (we will present a photo of them in the article) in three main ways.
First, the so-called open. In this case, a quarry with a depth of no more than 500 meters is built directly in the deposit zone and the extracted minerals are loaded onto specialized equipment.
Secondly, mines are being built. This method is good when deposits are deep enough. In this case, first, the so-called mine shaft, resembling a giant well, is dug into the depths of the rock, and then the infrastructure is built on.
Another method, innovative, uses a high pressure jet. It is fed into the well, which is made in the fossil rock, crushes it. Next, pieces of rock are lifted up. By the way, this is the most inefficient method, but it is under development.
Iron ore
The most famous minerals of the Altai Territory, of course, are ores. There are 16 largest deposits in total. It should be noted that they are located in the southwestern part, have a very developed infrastructure. According to estimates, there are 70 and 490 tons of polymineral and iron ores in the depths of Altai, respectively.
Mined in the Kulunda steppe.
It is mainly used in ferrous metallurgy. Moreover, three types of it are industrially produced: separated (that is, crumbly), sinter ore (in the form of pieces) and pellets (liquid mass containing iron).
There is such a thing as rich iron ore - this is one in which more than 57% of the iron content. It is from it that iron is smelted, and then steel. If the iron content in the ore is low, it is enriched by industrial methods. But ore is used and not only for these purposes, it is also included in ocher - a special dye of natural origin.
Copper ore
The mineral map of the Altai Territory is also rich in copper ores.
Their deposits are located mainly in the west of the Silair Ridge. These ores have been mined here since the 16th century, when in 1719 the discovered deposits began to be developed under the supervision of A. N. Demidov. At the same time, the first factories appeared in these places. However, even 2.5 thousand years ago, ancient people mined copper here.
What is copper ore? This is such a special composition of minerals, in which the content of the copper component makes it possible to process it during the industrial process. This requires a minimum of 0.5% copper concentration in the rock. Most often, such ore is a combination of copper and nickel.
Depending on the enrichment of the ore with copper, they distinguish: chalcocite, bornite and Ores are listed in descending order of the useful metal content.
Copper is widely used in various fields. For a long time, people have noticed its ability to conduct heat well, resistance to corrosion, as well as excellent electrical conductivity. Another obvious plus is that copper melts at relatively low temperatures. All this made it possible to use this metal in many areas, from the metallurgical industry to domestic needs (for example, copper pipes are highly valued).
bauxites
Bauxites (aluminum ores) are also widespread. These minerals of the Altai Territory are also mined in the Salair area. Moreover, the mining process does not cause any particular difficulties, because these ores are very close to the surface.
Only those bauxites with an aluminum content of over 40 percent are used for industrial processing. The smelting of this valuable metal is the main reason for the extraction of bauxite, but they are also used to make paints, and the iron and steel industry uses bauxite to create special liquids, fluxes that remove oxidation on metals.
Sand and limestone
Listing the minerals of the Altai Territory, it is impossible not to mention such rocks as sand and limestone. These reserves in this area are truly inexhaustible.
The territories where the Biya and Katun flow are rich in sand. Silicate bricks are made from this material (if the sand contains quartz). If the rock is completely quartz, then glass.
As for limestone, it is widely used in construction, many sculptors also create their works from this rock.
A special agent for imparting viscosity - quicklime - is also produced from this fossil. Limestone is also used in the production of concrete, in road construction.
stones
The minerals of the Altai Territory are also stones. Moreover, both construction, such as gypsum (Lake Dzhira), and Altai marble. It is obtained in several colors: here you can find many shades from white to golden. The striped jasper mined here is known all over the world. The scale of the granite deposits is also impressive.
This stone is especially valued for its strength, therefore it is used for the production of cladding, as well as any structures where high strength is needed.
Quartzite from the Altai Territory has also always been in price: they have a special pinkish tint, for which they have earned popularity.
The name of the minerals of the Altai Territory can be listed for a very long time. Of course, the entire periodic table is not presented there, but the deposits are very, very impressive.