Inflammation of the benthic gland in women. Inflammation of the Bartholin's gland - causes and treatment. How to treat Bartholin's gland? Sitz baths with herbal extracts

Bartholinitis is an acute infectious inflammatory disease of the large Bartholin gland with subsequent involvement of nearby tissues with the formation of a capsule filled with pus.

The disease affects one of the glands, bilateral inflammation is rare.

Let's figure out what kind of disease it is, how to get rid of bartholinitis, how to treat inflammation of the Bartholin gland from medicines at home, and whether it is possible to do without surgery.

general information

Bartholin's glands are located in the thickness of the labia majora and produce a mucous, protein-rich secret. The secret of the Bartholin glands maintains a constant moisture in the vagina.

With sexual arousal, secretion is activated, a large amount of mucus facilitates the penetration of the male genital organ into the vagina.

The secret of the Bartholin gland plays an important role during childbirth: it helps to stretch the vagina and serves as a natural lubricant for the birth canal.

With insufficient secretion, the vagina dries up, this is manifested by itching and burning in the perineum, sexual intercourse becomes unpleasant and painful.

After menopause, the activity of the Bartholin glands decreases against the background of a natural decrease in estrogen levels.

Bartholinite code according to ICD-10 - N75.

Causes

What causes bartholinitis? The disease develops when pathogens enter the gland. Most often, the inflammatory process is caused by gonococci, sometimes -.

Against the background of weakened immunity, the disease can develop due to damage to the organ by representatives of the so-called pyogenic microflora ( coli, streptococci and staphylococci). There are cases of viral and fungal infections.

The presence of a potential pathogen in the body does not mean inevitable inflammation, pathology can develop in the presence of additional provoking factors:

• immunodeficiency states;
• microtrauma in the genital area;
• careless attitude to intimate hygiene;
• promiscuity;
• the presence of chronic inflammatory processes;
• inflammatory processes in the vagina or urethra;
• the second phase of the menstrual cycle and menstruation;
• intrauterine manipulations in violation of asepsis requirements;
• tight underwear.

Inflammation of the Bartholin glands - bartholinitis in women; its causes, symptoms and treatment are discussed in this video:

Forms and signs of the disease

According to the features of the course of bartholinitis may be acute or chronic.

In an acute inflammatory process, the disease proceeds with the formation of a false or true abscess. The chronic process is prone to frequent relapses.

With a false abscess pus accumulates inside the gland, with true bartholinitis, tissues adjacent to the organ are involved in the purulent inflammatory process.

The chronic form of the pathology develops in the absence or insufficiency of treatment of an acute process or relief of the condition after spontaneous opening of the abscess. Over time, a Bartholin gland cyst forms..

Bartholin gland cyst:

Acute canaliculitis

At the first stage of the disease, the inflammatory process affects the duct of the gland, canaliculitis develops. Over the focus of inflammation, swelling and redness of the skin is formed.

Often, women take the first manifestations of bartholinitis for a kind of white eel and squeeze it out. A few drops of pus are released from the duct of the affected gland.

Over time, the pus thickens, clogs the duct and accumulates in the gland itself, a false abscess forms. The affected gland greatly increases in size, the labia protrudes towards the vestibule and blocks the entrance to the vagina.

Above the compacted focus of inflammation, redness, swelling are visible, the skin above it is easily displaced. Symptoms of intoxication are mild, perhaps a slight increase in temperature.

Inflamed gland causes pain to a woman when walking and during intercourse, a burning sensation is felt in the perineum. At rest, the pain subsides.

true abscess

The penetration of pathogens into the glandular tissue leads to its melting. Subcutaneous tissue is involved in the inflammatory process.

The labia is very swollen, soreness and redness extend to both sides. Directly above the lesion, local increase in temperature, the skin does not move.

The pain is constant, very strong, throbbing. The patient is unable to walk due to pain. The general body temperature is increased, chills, weakness and other manifestations of intoxication are possible.

Attempts to squeeze out the abscess can lead to sepsis, with a true abscess of any localization, qualified medical care is needed.

Chronic course of the disease

With insufficient or no treatment(what happens after a spontaneous opening of an abscess), the disease becomes chronic.

Inflammatory symptoms subside the affected gland thickens, the pain sensations subside. The disease gets worse from time to time.

Long-term chronic inflammation a cyst forms inside the affected gland- a painless tumor-like neoplasm filled with fluid.

Sex, pregnancy and childbirth with inflammation

Inflammatory processes in the Bartholin gland do not affect the ability to conceive and do not always affect the course of pregnancy.

In the acute stage of the disease intimate contacts are very difficult or impossible at all, since any touch on the affected labia causes excruciating pain.

Chronic bartholinitis causes less anxiety and is not considered by patients as a serious hindrance to sexual activity. Discomfort during intercourse is perceived as tolerable.

If acute bartholinitis develops in pregnant women, it requires immediate treatment, as there is a threat of infection of the fetus.

Identified cysts of the Bartholin glands during pregnancy are not subject to treatment., surgery is delayed until the baby is born.

Which doctor to contact

The symptoms of many women's diseases are very similar. Any discomfort in the genital area, especially persistent - reason to be vigilant and consult a gynecologist.

Self-treatment for purulent inflammation in the intimate area is unacceptable. Bartholinitis does not go away spontaneously, on the contrary, purulent inflammation progresses rapidly.

Many patients ignore the pain until it becomes unbearable and almost never call an ambulance.

Possible complications and consequences

Why is bartholinitis dangerous? Without timely treatment, suppuration in the vestibule of the vagina can lead to the spread of infection to other organs of the reproductive system.

There is a risk of spontaneous opening of the abscess inside, followed by the spread of purulent inflammation to other tissues and organs, up to sepsis.

When the abscess opens, relief comes out, but the disease without treatment becomes chronic, sometimes a fistula forms at the site of the breakthrough of the abscess.

Acute bartholinitis may pose a risk to the fetus during pregnancy. Probable intrauterine infection before the 22nd week of pregnancy can provoke a miscarriage.

With the development of the disease in the third trimester of pregnancy increased risk of preterm birth. During childbirth, an infectious agent can enter the eyes or lungs of a child, and the umbilical wound is also at risk of infection.

The chronic, asymptomatic form of the disease is also far from harmless. Any chronic inflammatory process is a time bomb. Under certain circumstances, it can lead to complications from any physiological system.

Diagnostics

An experienced gynecologist recognizes patients with acute bartholinitis by a specific gentle gait.

On examination, it is revealed redness, swelling of the skin over the affected gland and an ovoid painful formation in the vestibule of the vagina.

The cyst of the Bartholin gland is painless on palpation, the affected organ is somewhat enlarged and compacted.

To confirm the diagnosis, laboratory research:

• smear on microflora;
• bacterial culture to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics;
• bacteriological examination of pus secreted from the affected gland;
• PCR to determine the nature of the pathogen.

Conducted, blood tests, HIV, syphilis.

How to treat at home and in the hospital

Is it possible to cure bartholinitis without surgery forever? Depending on the stage at which the pathology is detected, Treatment can be conservative or surgical.

Conservative therapy

The earlier the pathology is detected, the faster, easier and more effective the treatment. If the patient has bartholinitis at the initial stage, hospitalization is not necessary, treatment can be done at home by following doctor's orders.

How to cure bartholinitis forever? To relieve pain it is recommended to apply an ice pack to the affected area however, some gynecologists object to this practice.

With bartholinitis a course of antibiotic treatment is prescribed for 7-10 days, additionally - preparations of the imidazole group. Well helps with inflammation Metronidazole.

Local treatment is carried out, Vishnevsky ointment, Levomekol or Ichthyol ointment is applied to the site of the lesion.

These drugs improve blood microcirculation: the abscess either resolves or matures.

Folk remedies

Operations

In practice, the treatment of patients with early stages of bartholinitis is relatively rare.

The imaginary frivolity of the reason for treatment, false shame, attempts at self-treatment turn into a waste of time. They come to the reception when the pain becomes unbearable - in the stage of abscess formation.

False and true abscesses are subject to surgical treatment. How is the operation to remove bartholinitis? The lesion is opened, the cavity is cleaned of pus with disinfectants, then a drain is installed to drain the pus.

On day 5-6, the drainage is removed. The abscess cavity is washed daily, tampons with Levomekol or Vishnevsky ointment are injected into it. In parallel, a course of antibiotic treatment is prescribed.

Bartholin's cyst treatment

When a disease is detected in the cyst stage, two treatment options are possible: marsupialization of the cyst or extirpation of the affected gland.

Marsupialization refers to the opening of the cyst and the surgical formation of a new excretory duct. After opening the bartholinitis, the surgeon sews the edges of the capsule to the skin, fixes the drainage in the hole.

The formation of a new duct occurs within 2 months after the operation. Such operations are carried out without exacerbation.

Indication for extirpation (removal) of the affected organ is an exacerbation of the inflammatory process.

In the treatment of any form of the disease, multivitamins are prescribed, after elimination of acute symptoms - a course of physiotherapy.

Forecast

With timely treatment to the doctor, the disease is completely cured. Sometimes you may need the help of other specialized specialists (immunologist).

Prevention

Among the key measures for the prevention of purulent processes in the genital organs are regular visits to the gynecologist for the timely detection and treatment of diseases that increase the risk of developing bartholinitis.

At the slightest suspicion of a disease of the reproductive system, you should consult a doctor.

The risk of infection is markedly reduced with hygiene, the use of barrier contraceptives and a monogamous lifestyle.

An important condition for maintaining women's and general health is strengthening immunity.

To do this, you need to adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle: normalize sleep, work and rest, organize proper nutrition, ideally, completely abandon bad habits, change physical activity.

Bartholinitis - a potentially dangerous disease, but curable. The main thing is to be responsible, attentive to your health.

Bartholinitis is understood as a purulent inflammation of the Bartholin (large) gland of the vestibule of the vagina.

Its causative agent is most often staphylococcus aureus, gonococcus, or other organisms: Trichomonas vaginalis, Escherichia coli, or a mixed infection.

With bartholinitis, foreign organisms affect the tissue of the Bartholin gland and its duct.

The main function of this organ is the production of a secret, which consists mainly of mucus. It constantly moisturizes the woman's vagina, preventing its dryness. The work of the Bartholin gland depends on hormonal fluctuations in the body of a woman.

There are more mucous secretions in the premenstrual period, in the normal period of the cycle they are somewhat less, during menopause, and also after operations related to the removal of the uterine appendages and this organ, the production of mucus practically stops, as a result, the vaginal mucosa may become dry and appear on it. small cracks that are accompanied by itching.

Causes of bartholinitis and options for the development of this disease

This disease can be caused by many factors. Among them, it is worth highlighting violations of the immune system, non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, various disorders that pass from the reproductive system of one person to another. Among the infectious agents of the disease, it is worth highlighting gonococci, staphylococci, Trichomonas vaginalis, Escherichia coli.

Bartholinitis most often spreads unilaterally, inflammation of the gland is observed. Due to this process, the duct channel is closed, which does not allow the purulent secret to come out. The latter accumulates as a result, which leads to an increase in the channel and the development of a false abscess. A woman will experience specific pain, in the future, the Bartholin gland increases in size.

Sometimes the inflammatory process affects only the organ itself, which will result in the development of a real abscess and lead to the decomposition of the purulent nature of the gland itself. It happens that this formation is opened on its own, a yellowish-green liquid is released, and in the future the woman's well-being improves.

Inflammation can pass on its own, without the appearance of purulent discharge, then a dense formation develops, and the gland somewhat increases in size. After a certain period of time, inflammation can flare up again with renewed vigor and begin to spread. At the first stage, this disease does not cause almost any discomfort, there is only a small seal, which is localized at the entrance to the vagina.

Also in this area, a tingling, burning, or mild pain sensation may periodically occur. With further spread and development, pain in the perineum will increase significantly, especially during physical activity. A woman will experience an increase in temperature to thirty-eight degrees and above. There is a specific sensation of cold.

According to the clinical course, bartholinitis is divided into:

• spicy;
• chronic;
• true abscess;
• false abscess(primary - with purulent canaliculitis, secondary - with suppuration of a previously formed cyst).

Symptoms of the onset of the disease and further development

The disease begins with inflammation of the duct of the Bartholin gland (canaliculitis), which is accompanied by hyperemia (redness) of the excretory duct, located directly near the vestibule into the vagina on the labia minora.

In addition, there are minor discharges of a mucopurulent nature. The skin of the labia minora, located near the opening of the excretory duct, softens slightly.

In this case, an enlarged excretory duct of the gland can be palpated (palpated). As a rule, the defeat of the Bartholin gland is unilateral, all local symptoms are determined only on the side of the lesion.

After some time, the secret of the Bartholin gland becomes thick, and the excretory duct is clogged - bartholinitis occurs (the inflammatory process spreads directly to the tissue of the gland). The disease begins with the stage of infiltration (swelling), but at this stage it may end - the inflammation subsides spontaneously, while the infiltrate resolves and self-healing occurs.

If this does not happen, there is a blockage of the excretory duct of this gland, which leads to the formation of an abscess or cyst, inside which the contents of a purulent nature are located. On palpation, the gland becomes painful, there is a feeling of discomfort when walking or having sexual intercourse.

When the inflammatory process spreads to the gland tissue or the surrounding tissue, a true (primary) abscess develops. A false abscess is formed for the second time - with suppuration of a pre-existing cyst. An abscess is an inflammation of the tissues of a purulent nature, which is associated with the formation of a characteristic cavity filled with pus and limited by a special shell - an abscess capsule.

Primary signs of bartholinitis: the appearance of swelling may be accompanied by a tingling sensation in this area, minor pain during intercourse, a burning sensation. Suppuration of the gland leads to its increase in size (it can reach a diameter of up to five centimeters or more).

Acute form of bartholinitis

Acute bartholinitis is characterized by an acute onset: an increase in body temperature to 40 0 ​​C, general weakness is observed, local reddening, sharp pain and swelling in the projection of the middle part of the labia only from the affected gland. The enlarged gland in relation to the surface of the labia minora protrudes inward.

As a result of the development of edema, the genital slit acquires a specific sickle shape, the bulge of which is directed towards the healthy Bartholin's gland. A characteristic symptom of "fluctuation" appears: when probing, the presence of pus inside the gland is felt - the contents of a liquid nature.

In severe cases, this disease can cause enlargement of the lymph nodes (groin). In most cases, a spontaneous opening of the abscess occurs, followed by the outflow of pus, after which the patient's condition improves dramatically: the body temperature decreases, the soreness of the coat disappears.

In some cases, the acute form of bartholinitis can become chronic. This disease is characterized by frequent periods of exacerbations, which alternate with remissions.

Exacerbations can be caused by hypothermia, menstruation, the presence of other diseases of an infectious nature.

During the period of remission, the disease does not cause any negative symptoms, however, when exacerbations are observed, a woman may be disturbed by minor pain in the area of ​​the affected gland, discomfort during intercourse, discomfort during walking, the appearance of pain during palpation of an elastic formation located in the area of ​​​​one of small labia.

The general condition, at the same time, remains satisfactory, the body temperature remains within the normal range and only in some cases may increase slightly.

Diagnostic procedures for disease detection

Among the diagnostic measures carried out for this disease, it is worth noting:

1. careful history taking, detailing all complaints of the patient;
2. a comprehensive study of an objective nature, colposcopy, gynecological examination, examination using mirrors;
3. bacterioscopic examination of discharge from the urethra under a microscope. Also, the study of secretions from the cervical canal and vagina is carried out: identification of the pathogen by examining smears, pre-treated and then stained according to special methods;
4. cultural method- cultivation of a certain pathogen on a special nutrient medium;
5. polymerase chain reaction- a molecular biological method for detecting pathogens of bartholinitis.

What is dangerous bartholinitis during pregnancy

The development of inflammation during pregnancy is dangerous not only by the appearance of the above symptoms, but also by the fact that the causative agents of this disease can harm the fetus. Despite the fact that there are specific mechanisms in the mother's body that protect the child from such influences, sometimes they may not work.

It is quite difficult to determine the specific harm from such pathogens, but it all depends directly on the type of infectious agent. For example, gonococci or Trichomonas can cause deviations in the functioning of the organs and systems of the fetus, in the future there is a possibility of the formation of malformations.

Another important factor is the period of pregnancy during which the disease developed. The most dangerous is infection from the fifth day to the thirteenth week. At this time, such pathogens can lead to the death of the fetus. Therefore, if signs of bartholinitis appear during pregnancy, you should immediately seek help from a doctor.

Treatment of inflammation of the Bartholin's gland

Severe cases of the disease require the placement of patients in a gynecological hospital. In this case, sulfa drugs, antibiotics and painkillers are prescribed.

The duration of the course of treatment is from one week to ten days. The resulting abscess is opened. After the end of treatment, the patient must follow the rules of prevention, which consist in maintaining personal hygiene and avoiding hypothermia.

In addition to all this, it is necessary to treat acute and chronic diseases in the area that can provoke the development of bartholinitis.

In the presence of chronic forms in remission, baths with potassium permanganate or chamomile infusion can be used. Physiotherapy with the use of ultrasound or magnetotherapy at high frequencies is also carried out. If a cyst is present, it must be removed immediately.

Bartholinitis is an infectious disease in which the gland near the entrance to the vagina becomes inflamed. The causative agent of the disease is Escherichia coli, streptococci, staphylococci and other types of infections.

Bartholinitis can occur at any age, but is most commonly seen in women of childbearing age. At the first signs of the disease, it is recommended to visit a gynecologist. After a thorough diagnosis, antibiotic treatment is prescribed.

It is effective to use not only pharmaceutical preparations in treatment, but also effective home recipes.

Bartholinitis occurs as a result of inflammation of a large gland located in front of the vagina. The Bartholin gland produces a lubricant that provides moisture to the mucous membranes of the external organs. The disease can occur only after puberty. In children, this gland is underdeveloped.

The main symptoms of the disease include:

• purulent discharge in the area of ​​​​the external genital organs;
• fever and chills;
• swelling in the region of the labia majora;
• increased size or asymmetry of the outer labia;
• pain, burning and discomfort during mechanical action, sexual intercourse or walking.

Depending on the flow, bartholinite is divided into forms:

1. The acute form of the disease occurs at elevated body temperature and is characterized by severe symptoms;
2. Chronic bartholinitis is characterized by spontaneous improvements and deterioration. In this case, there is a blockage of the duct of the gland and its compaction. Therefore, a cyst forms in the gland, which can cause discomfort when walking or having sexual intercourse.

The main causes of the disease include:

• diseases of the genitourinary system;
• hypothermia;
• sexually transmitted diseases;
• bacterial vaginosis;
• wearing tight and synthetic underwear;
• decreased immunity;
• violation of personal hygiene standards.

The gynecologist is engaged in the treatment and diagnosis of the disease, which should be visited at the first signs of the disease.

Diagnosis of bartholinitis consists of several stages:

1. Description of symptoms, anamnesis of the disease, as well as all transferred gynecological diseases;
2. Gynecological examination;
3. Laboratory examination of a gynecological smear for the detection of pathogens;
4. Laboratory blood test for sexually transmitted diseases;
5. Complete blood count to detect signs of an inflammatory process.

First aid folk remedies

In the treatment of bartholinitis, antibacterial drugs are used that fight the cause of the disease. First aid at the first signs of bartholinitis can be provided at home. Home remedies are especially effective in the early stages of the disease.

Popular Topical Recipes

The most effective treatment for bartholinitis is to use external agents - baths, ointments, lotions and compresses. They can be prepared from various natural ingredients.

The use of external folk remedies in treatment is most effective when combined with antibacterial drugs.

Yarrow, nettle and blackberry leaves

To prepare lotions for the genitals, you need to take a tablespoon of nettle, yarrow and blackberry leaves and pour 700 ml of boiling water. After 90 minutes, the broth must be filtered. Ready infusion use for lotions on the genitals in the morning and before bedtime. For the procedure, the broth must be warm. It is recommended to prepare a fresh decoction daily.

St. John's wort treatment

One of the most effective means to combat bartholinitis is the use of a decoction and ointment based on St. John's wort. To prepare a decoction, you need to pour a tablespoon of dry St. John's wort with 0.5 liters of water and boil for 20 minutes.

To make an ointment, you need 50 ml of goose or rabbit fat, 5 ml of beeswax and a tablespoon of crushed St. John's wort flowers. Mix the components and heat until the fat is completely dissolved. Ready ointment should be stored in a cool place.

Treatment of bartholinitis with St. John's wort occurs in two stages: first, the external genital organs should be rinsed with a decoction of St. John's wort, and then an ointment should be applied to the inflamed area based on it.

Bath based on oak bark, chamomile and eucalyptus

An important step in the treatment of bartholinitis is the daily use of baths based on medicinal herbs. To prepare an anti-inflammatory and wound healing bath, you will need to take a tablespoon of eucalyptus, chamomile and oak bark and pour a liter of water. Boil for 10 minutes.

The broth should be cooled to a warm state, and then make baths for the inflamed area. The exposure time is 15-20 minutes.

Onion compress

Onions must be baked together with the husks in the oven. Then grind it and wrap it in a bandage. Apply to the area of ​​​​the entrance to the vagina for 4-5 hours or all night.

Elena Malysheva will tell you more about inflammation of the Bartholin glands.

cabbage compress

An effective folk remedy is the treatment of cabbage leaves. It is necessary to take a thick sheet and pour boiling water over it. Apply it to the inflamed area overnight. It is most effective to combine such treatment with the use of antibiotic therapy.

Folk remedies for oral administration

Natural recipes for oral administration are aimed at increasing the protective functions of the body, combating the cause of inflammation and reducing the symptoms of the disease.

Honey, nuts, garlic and dill seeds

An effective folk remedy at the first signs of the disease is a mixture of 1 kg of honey, 0.3 kg of walnuts, 0.1 kg of garlic and 50 g of dill seeds. Grind the ingredients in a blender. Take 30 ml of the finished product four times a day. Use the remedy until the symptoms of the disease have passed.

Honey, red wine and aloe juice

Prepare juice using 200 g of fresh leaves. Add 400 ml of dry red wine and 300 ml of liquid honey to the juice. This mixture must be heated in a water bath for 60 minutes. Take 50 ml in the morning and evening.

Nettle, knotweed and horsetail

It is necessary to take a tablespoon of each component and pour a liter of water. Boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Ready decoction should be taken after meals, 100 ml three times a day.

Antibacterial infusion

To prepare an antibacterial infusion for the treatment of bartholinitis, you will need agrimony, immortelle, young pine tops, smoke grass and Icelandic moss. Take herbs in equal proportions. To prepare the infusion, you need to pour a collection spoon of 400 ml of boiling water. Insist and take 100 ml in the morning on an empty stomach, as well as at bedtime.

Restorative infusion

The main cause of exacerbation of chronic bartholinitis is a decrease in the protective functions of the body. Therefore, for treatment, it is recommended to take a tonic infusion. To prepare it, you need to pour a glass of dry echinacea with a liter of vodka, and leave for 10 days. Then take a teaspoon three times a day. This remedy is recommended to be taken for at least a month, even if the symptoms of the disease disappear earlier.

traditional medicine

Bartholinitis is a dangerous disease, so its treatment should be under the supervision of a specialist. Treatment of bartholinitis depends on its form, as well as the general condition of the patient.

In the acute form of the disease, it is recommended:

1. The use of drugs with antiseptic action and lotions with antiseptics;
2. Taking antimicrobial drugs, which are prescribed after determining the causative agent of the infection;
3. Physiotherapy. Microwaves and UHF are most often prescribed. It is recommended only at normal body temperature, as well as during the period of inflammation subsidence;
4. Taking painkillers;
5. Surgical treatment and washing with antiseptic solutions.

For the treatment of the chronic form of the disease, it is recommended to use the following methods:

1. Physiotherapeutic procedures, including paraffin, ozocerite and infrared laser;
2. Baths based on natural herbs and anti-inflammatory drugs;
3. When a cyst is formed, surgical restoration of the function of the gland is recommended;
4. Treatment of concomitant diseases of the genitourinary system;
5. Reception of general strengthening and immunostimulating drugs.

Treatment of the disease should be carried out only after a thorough diagnosis, as well as under the supervision of an experienced specialist.

The essence of the disease according to the obstetrician-gynecologist is described in this video.

Prevention

Treatment of bartholinitis is a long and complex process. Therefore, follow the rules of disease prevention so that you never encounter it. For the prevention of the disease it is necessary:

• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• avoid casual sex and use barrier methods of contraception;
• avoid swimming in ponds of questionable purity;
• avoid hypothermia;
• wear loose underwear made from natural materials;
• visit the gynecologist twice a year.

Conclusion

Bartholinitis is an inflammation of a gland located in front of the vagina. When the first signs of the disease appear, you should consult a gynecologist. The initial stage of the disease is also effectively treated with the help of folk remedies, which are taken orally and used to treat the external genitalia. However, before using any folk recipe, a specialist consultation is required.

In contact with

The female reproductive system is very complex and is an interconnection of many organs and continuously occurring processes. One of the most unpleasant conditions for a woman can be inflammation of the large Bartholin gland - bartholinitis, which is part of the system of external genital organs.

What is bartholinitis bartholin glands

Bartholinitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the Bartholin glands.

The Bartholin gland (a large vestibular gland) secretes a thick, viscous secret that moisturizes the mucous membranes of the vagina and acts as a natural lubricant during sexual contact. The ducts through which the fluid flows are located inside the labia minora. Bartholin's glands are only about 2 cm in size.

Microorganisms enter the gland tissue from the urethra, genital tract, with blood or lymph flow. Inflammation leads to blockage and accumulation of fluid inside. Treatment of bartholinitis requires the mandatory intervention of specialists. But first of all, it is necessary to determine the cause of inflammation, otherwise, without proper treatment, suppuration will begin.

Common causes of bartholinitis

Inflammation of the Bartholin glands and their ducts is caused by:

• The defeat of streptococci, staphylococci and other pathogenic microbes - they can get into the genitals not only through sexual contact, but also when the infection spreads from other organs or if personal hygiene is not observed.
• Protozoal and fungal sexually transmitted infections - , , .
• Hypothermia, decreased immunity.
• Wearing synthetic underwear in hot weather.
• Microtrauma caused by sexual intercourse with insufficient hydration of the vagina.
• Traumatic medical procedures.

As a result of inflammation, the outflow of secretions becomes difficult. Its accumulation leads to the formation of a false abscess. If the disease is not treated, suppuration (a real abscess) will begin.

Symptoms of bartholinitis

There are several forms of the disease:

• acute , in which inflammation, swelling and redness are expressed at the location of the excretory duct of the gland. Inflammation is accompanied by fever and pain, aggravated by movement. When examining the labia, a bean-sized tumor (or smaller) is palpated. Without treatment, the inguinal lymph nodes may become inflamed - in this case, a new disease will join - lymphadenitis.
• Subacute , in this case, the symptoms are mild. A slight soreness is noted only during movement and sexual intercourse. The temperature is not elevated, there are no pronounced edema. This form of bartholinitis can become acute or go away on its own.
• Recurrent when the illness recurs. Hypothermia and wearing tight synthetic underwear contribute to the return of the disease.
• Chronic characterized by the constant presence of inflammation and edema. The temperature is kept within 37.1-37.5 degrees, acute pain is not observed. Chronic bartholinitis is very dangerous - it can lead to vaginal cysts.

Acute bartholinitis

The disease begins with the formation of a false abscess - swelling in the labia minora caused by accumulated fluid. A woman complains of pain in the groin and fever.

With the progression of the disease, a purulent (true) abscess occurs. A woman complains of severe pain in the labia, swelling and enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes. The temperature rises to 39-40 degrees. An abscess is felt inside the gland.

With self-opening of the abscess, the contents flow out and the woman's health temporarily improves, but then the hole closes and the inflammation resumes. Sometimes the abscess breaks not outside, but inside. This often occurs when a woman tries to squeeze out an abscess on her own. Extensive suppuration of surrounding tissues is formed, which can lead to sepsis (blood poisoning).

The disease is provoked:

• Failure to comply with hygiene rules.
  Wearing tight synthetic underwear in hot weather that disrupts the natural ventilation of the skin. Dense tissues cause stagnation in the gland and disrupt the outflow of lubricant.
• (gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis) and other genital infections.
• Diseases of the mucosa, accompanied by itching and scratching ( , ). Microbes from the vagina and urinary tract easily enter the gland through superficial lesions.
• Gynecological operations and performed in violation of sterility during the intervention or in the postoperative period.
• Hypothermia.
• Decreased immunity and beriberi. A weakened body resists infections worse and microbes begin to multiply intensively.
• Thrush, causing violations of the flora and dysbacteriosis of the vagina.
• Chronic infections in the body outside the genital tract. Microbes from there can enter the Bartholin gland with blood and lymph.
  

Chronic bartholinitis

The untreated acute form of the disease becomes chronic. There is a mild inflammation of the gland with constant exacerbations after menstruation, hypothermia, during the heat.

In the chronic course of the disease, there is constant swelling in the area of ​​the labia and the formation of a cyst filled with liquid contents. Education periodically erupts with the release of pus. A woman complains of dull pain in the labia, aggravated by sitting and walking. Sometimes there are discomfort during intercourse.

When pregnancy occurs, the symptoms of the disease increase, an exacerbation occurs.

Bartholinitis and pregnancy

Inflammation of the Bartholin's gland during pregnancy can be very dangerous.The disease leads to infection of the fetus during childbirth, caused by the ingress of pus into the eyes and skin of the baby.

If the process is acute, it must be treated under the close supervision of a doctor with the selection of antibiotics that do not affect the child's condition, or other measures. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of inflammation.

Should bartholinitis be treated?

Bartholinitis always occurs as a reaction to the presence of an infectious agent in the duct of the gland, which means that without treatment, one can expect not only powerful inflammation, which will last no one knows how long, but also the formation of an abscess.

Most often, patients who are faced with such a problem and having read advice from the Internet do not go to the doctor for a long time, waiting for the self-elimination of the disease. And after a while, the symptoms really become less pronounced and acute - this happens as a result of the fact that the abscess opens on its own, removing pus.

If you are ready to wait until the suppuration bursts, endure swelling and pain, then, of course, you can not go to the gynecologist. But keep in mind that the danger of such an outcome lies in the fact that the autopsy does not always occur outward - the infection can spread inward. And then you will also have to treat the consequences of bartholinitis.

Diagnosis of the disease

When bartholinitis is takenvaginal flora smear. If the abscess has broken through, its contents are also examined.In addition, it is necessary to pass tests for a wide group of infections. least , revealing 16 types of pathogens.

If surgery is needed, the doctor will prescribe , urinalysis and other studies.

Is it possible to cure inflammation of the Bartholin's gland on my own?

Bartholinitis can be caused by completely different pathogens, proceed with different strengths and in different forms. In addition, each patient may have associated problems that require additional treatment. For example, bartholinitis is often accompanied by reduced immunity, thrush, a gynecologist may detect during examination or other disease.

After making a final diagnosis, only a doctor can prescribe treatment that will be aimed at eliminating exactly those infections and problems that are found.

Treatment of bartholinitis

Antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of bartholinitis, but there are no universal tablets that immediately act against gonorrhea, chlamydia, streptococcus, staphylococcus, herpes, etc.! Each pathogen requires its own medicine, so “standard schemes from the Internet” do not work.

Therapeutic measures depend on the form of the disease:

• Acute bartholinitis. The doctor prescribes antibiotics, painkillers. The resulting abscess is opened and a duct is formed through which the purulent fluid will drain. This operation is called marsupialization.
• Subacute bartholinitistreated without the intervention of a surgeon, which is why it is so important to . The doctor will find out the cause of the disease and prescribe antimicrobial or antiprotozoal drugs, warm baths with herbs, physiotherapy, etc. supplement the treatment.
• Treatment of recurrent and chronic bartholinitis complex. Existing cysts and abscesses are removed. A woman is prescribed antibiotics, sulfonamides, drugs that increase immunity, vitamins. Ultrasound treatment and magnetotherapy are recommended. In severe cases and in the presence of frequent relapses, extirpation (removal) of the Bartholin gland is performed.

For resorption of swelling, warm sitz baths with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate, physiotherapy procedures are used. Painkillers and antipruritics, vitamins, immunity stimulants are prescribed.

Features of the treatment of bartholinitis

In the treatment regimen for bartholinitis, local therapy plays an important role - ice compresses, salt lotions, absorbable ointments and gels. These methods of treatment make it possible to maximally alleviate the condition of a sick woman and have a symptomatic effect, anesthetizing, relieving swelling and irritation. Related methods are also assigned individually.

If the patient's condition is accompanied by a very high body temperature, chills, severe pain, the gynecologist prescribes additional drugs that reduce temperature and pain, including injections.

Is surgery always needed?

Surgical treatment of this disease may be required for manifestations of an abscess (purulent process) of the Bartholin gland. In this case, the operation consists in opening the purulent focus, removing all the contents and placing a special drainage tube for 5-6 days. During this time, the remaining purulent particles are removed from the cavity of the gland.

At the same time, the operation does not cancel the classical therapeutic regimen described above - antibiotic therapy, local methods, strengthening immunity, which means that the pills will have to be taken this way and that.

You can refuse the operation, but this is not recommended, as the abscess will still open on its own. In this case, everything will be much more painful, the infection can get into the vagina and spread to the internal genital organs, and everything will heal for a very long time.

In severe cases, the gland has to be removed.

What to do with exacerbation of bartholinitis?

When the disease recurs, it is necessary to determine the cause of the relapse: perhaps the pathogen remained in the body. In this case, the treatment will be aimed at destroying the infection and strengthening the immune system.

As for the frequently recurring periods of exacerbation, surgical intervention may be necessary for effective treatment, and chronic bartholinitis requires an operation different from that performed in the acute form.

In the chronic form of bartholinitis, simply removing the contents of the abscess is ineffective, as the tissues quickly stick together, again blocking the duct of the gland. To solve this problem, surgeons have developed two methods for performing surgery for chronic bartholinitis:

• The first surgical technique was called marsupialization and is the formation of a new outlet channel of the gland, which does not stick together and removes the secret and contents of the vaginal vestibule without causing suppuration. It is possible to achieve the formation of such a channel through an incision in the suppurated cavity, followed by its washing and installation of a catheter, which is left for 4-5 weeks. During this time, a stable duct is formed to drain the glandular secretion, which reduces the risk of exacerbation by almost 90%.
• The second surgical technique is aimed at the complete removal of the Bartholin's gland. It only applies in case of multiple failed marsupialization attempts. Unfortunately, the absence of the Bartholin's gland leads to excessive dryness and irritability of the tissues and mucous membranes of the vagina, so patients have to use special moisturizers - they are prescribed by a doctor.

Prevention

To prevent bartholinitis you need:

• Regularly take tests for STDs and, if infections are detected, they should be treated immediately;
• Avoid wearing tight synthetic underwear, especially in hot weather;
• Avoid hypothermia of the lower half of the body;
• Do not use aggressive soaps and antibacterial agents (without a doctor's prescription). These funds violate the natural balance of microflora, contributing to the occurrence of dysbacteriosis (the development of pathogenic flora) and candidiasis - a fungal infection;
• Use pH-neutral intimate hygiene products.

Bartholinitis is easy to prevent, with the observance of preventive measures, the risk of the disease is greatly reduced.

Where to cure inflammation of the Bartholin glands in St. Petersburg

Every woman who is faced with such a serious condition should contact an experienced gynecologist in a timely manner. Such doctors work. Specialists use only proven effective methods of treatment, so you get rid of an unpleasant disease without complications. An appointment with a gynecologist costs 1000 rubles.

It hurts in such an “interesting” place that it’s not only difficult to walk, but it’s also impossible to tell someone - it’s uncomfortable. General weakness, temperature goes off scale and there is only one thing left - to go "surrender" to the gynecologist.

Those who are familiar with the listed symptoms know very well that we are talking about the most unpleasant disease - bartholinitis. Fortunately, bartholinitis in women is not so common and is diagnosed mainly in childbearing age.

A bit of anatomy

The vestibule of the vagina is quite reliably protected by the labia minora, which are nothing more than skin folds, but so tender that they look like a mucous membrane. Outside, the labia minora cover the labia majora, which are connected from above and below by adhesions (anterior and posterior).

In large pubic lips there is adipose tissue and many sweat and sebaceous glands, the lips themselves are intensively covered with hair (secondary sexual characteristic). But, in addition to the above, Bartholin's glands are localized in the depths of the large shameful lips (they have a rounded shape and dimensions of no more than 1 cm).

The duct of the glands (they are also called the large glands of the vestibule of the vagina) is displayed at the entrance to the vagina, in the place where the hymen is located. Since there are 2 large and small pubic lips, respectively, there are also 2 large glands of the vestibule of the vagina.

The main task of the Bartholin glands is to produce a secret that keeps the vaginal mucosa moist and produces lubrication during moments of sexual arousal to facilitate the insertion of the penis.

Bartholinitis - what is it?

Bartholinitis is a disease of the reproductive sphere, which is characterized by an inflammatory process in the Bartholin gland due to the penetration of infectious agents into it. As a rule, only one side of the Bartholin gland is involved in the process. As a result of inflammation, the parenchyma of the gland and the surrounding tissue are melted, an inflammatory capsule with purulent contents is formed.

Why does bartholinitis occur?

The development of bartholinitis is due to infectious causes, that is, the direct entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the Bartholin gland.

• Often the causative agents of the disease are infections that are sexually transmitted. Most often it is gonococci and trichomonas, less often chlamydia.
• But often bartholinitis causes non-specific microorganisms from the category of pyogenic flora (streptococci, staphylococci and E. coli).
• The fungal nature of the inflammatory process (Candida mushrooms) is not excluded.

But when diagnosing a disease, not one, but several infectious agents are often isolated, that is, bartholinitis arose as a result of an attack by an association of microorganisms. However, not all women suffering from gonorrhea, or, for example, trichomoniasis, develop bartholinitis. This requires the influence of provoking factors:

• weakening of the body's defenses (treatment with antibiotics, hypothermia, chronic stress, beriberi);
• the presence of chronic foci of infection (chronic tonsillitis or caries can serve as a starting point in the development of the disease - pathogenic microorganisms reach the Bartholin gland by the hematogenous route);
• menstruation or the end of the second phase of the cycle;
• microtraumas in the vestibule of the vagina and / or labia (for example, during depilation);
• wearing narrow and tight underwear (compresses the excretory duct of the gland, due to which the secret is concentrated in the cavity of the gland and becomes infected);
• neglect of the rules of intimate hygiene;
• promiscuous sex (increases the risk of infection with sexual infections);
• gynecological intrauterine interventions or operations on the urinary tract in violation of the rules of asepsis;
• inflammation of the urethra or vagina (urethritis, vaginitis), when the infection easily penetrates into the excretory duct of the gland.

From personal experience: Due to the nature of my work, I often have to deal with this unpleasant sore. The diagnosis of "bartholinitis" can easily be made only by the way the woman entered the office. Legs "spread out", a duck's gait, a grimace of pain on his face. It is clear that it is very painful, not only to move, but even to lie down. Of course, all patients go straight to the gynecology to open the abscess. I would like to ask, and at the same time warn all women: “Why endure pain? What can you hope for?" Bartholinitis will not resolve itself, and when trying to self-medicate at home, it will only “ripen” faster and in any case you will have to go to the doctor. Therefore, at the slightest discomfort in such a tender intimate place, you should immediately run to the reception. And further. Not a single woman went to the ambulance with acute bartholinitis, because of the delicacy of the situation, although it is possible and necessary to call an ambulance, especially with severe symptoms of intoxication and the inability to move.

As already reported, tight underwear predisposes to the occurrence of the disease. Now there are more and more fans of thongs, especially among young women and young girls. Refuse such "beauty", because in addition to mechanical inconvenience, wearing thongs provokes the development of the disease.

• Firstly, they are too narrow and tighten the external genitalia.
• Secondly, they are sewn from synthetic materials that do not allow the skin to “breathe”.

Bartholinitis: classification

Depending on how the disease proceeds, acute and chronic bartholinitis is divided, which often recurs, so it is called recurrent. An acute process, in turn, can be in the form of a false and true abscess of the Bartholin gland. They say about a false abscess or canaliculitis when the external duct of the gland becomes inflamed, it becomes blocked, and the inflammatory exudate accumulates in the gland. With a true abscess, not only the gland itself, but also the tissues that surround it are involved in the inflammatory process.

Chronic bartholinitis develops as a result of an untreated acute process, after spontaneous opening of the abscess. Acute phenomena subside, but periodically the disease worsens. In the case of chronic bartholinitis, a cyst of the Bartholin gland is formed.

How is bartholinitis manifested?

With bartholinitis, the symptoms are so characteristic that it is difficult to confuse the disease with anything else.

Canaliculitis

Inflammation of the Bartholin gland always begins with canaliculitis, that is, with suppuration of the excretory duct of the gland. There is reddening of the skin over the focus of inflammation and its swelling. At this stage, many patients take bartholinitis for a pimple and try to squeeze it out. At the same time, one or two drops of pus are released from the excretory duct of the gland, which are necessary for the tank. research. After some time, the duct becomes blocked (pus is such a substance that tends to thicken and form a crust), as a result of which pus accumulates inside the Bartholin gland, it stretches and the so-called “bump” is formed, located between the lower and middle third of the large pudendal lip. Hyperemia is noted on the tumor-like formation, and the skin is easily displaced. Since the false abscess forms a protrusion of the large pudendal lip, the entrance to the vagina is closed. Patients experience pain while walking, running or coition, burning in the perineum. The general condition suffers slightly, the temperature does not rise above subfebrile numbers.

true abscess

With the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms into the tissue of the gland, as well as into the tissue that surrounds it, a pyogenic (purulent) melting of the parenchyma of the gland occurs with the formation of a capsule in which pus is localized. Both the small and labia swell, and on the unaffected side too, they turn red and are sharply painful when walking, at rest and when touched. The pain is so intense that the patient cannot walk. There is a significant increase in body temperature (above 38.5 degrees), there are signs of intoxication (weakness, chills, dyspeptic disorders). The pain is constant and pulsating in nature. On examination, hyperemia of the labia and swelling are determined, the skin over the abscess is hot to the touch, does not move, and palpation reveals fluctuation (free movement of liquid contents in the focus of inflammation). In some cases, the inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged.

Chronic bartholinitis

If the acute process is not treated in a timely manner, it will turn into a chronic form. In this case, the disease often recurs, and relapses are characterized by minor inflammation and pain. On palpation, the gland is somewhat thickened and sensitive. Chronic bartholinitis causes discomfort during intimacy. The longer the disease exists, the greater the chance of the formation of a Bartholin gland cyst as a result of the accumulation of liquid contents in it.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease is quite simple. The diagnosis of bartholinitis can be made already at the first visit of the patient to the doctor. The clinical minimum of the examination includes: KLA, OAM, a smear for the vaginal microflora (see), blood from a vein for HIV infection and syphilis. A bacteriological culture of either a purulent discharge from the duct of the gland, or discharge from the vagina is prescribed without fail to determine the infectious agent and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Of the additional research methods, a PCR smear is prescribed to detect genital infections (chlamydia, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, human papillomavirus).

Bartholinitis: what to do?

If bartholinitis is detected, treatment should be started immediately. The earlier treatment is started, the better the prognosis of the disease. The easiest way to treat bartholinitis is in the stage of canaliculitis, the therapy of which can be carried out at home.

Antibiotics

For this purpose, antibiotics are prescribed for a duration of 7, maximum 10 days. Antibiotic treatment is prescribed together with drugs of the imidazole group, which are effective against anaerobes (metronidazole, tinidazole). In parallel, local therapy is also carried out. I consider the cold treatment offered by many sites to be inappropriate. Since the ice applied to the focus of inflammation will undoubtedly reduce pain due to the deterioration of the blood supply to the inflammatory site, but thereby also reduce the flow of antibiotics into the focus.

Local treatment with ointments

Local therapy includes applications with medicinal ointments:

• Vishnevsky ointment;
• ichthyol.

Ointments for bartholinitis have a warming property, that is, they improve microcirculation and lead to one of two options: either the focus of inflammation resolves, or it “reaches the condition”, that is, until maturation (appearance of fluctuation).

It is important to carry out applications with solutions

• Chlorhexidine;
• Hypertensive.

The solutions not only have antiseptic properties, but also, by improving blood circulation, draw fluid from the site of inflammation, thereby reducing edema (swelling).

Folk remedies

Also, in the local conservative treatment of bartholinitis, folk remedies can be used. From folk methods, warm sitz baths with decoctions of medicinal plants are prescribed:

• other.

You can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate or furacillin instead of herbal infusions.

Physiotherapy- after the acute phase subsides, therapy is continued by physiotherapeutic methods (UVI, UHF).

Surgical treatment

In the case of the formation of an abscess of the Bartholin gland, surgical intervention is inevitable. The operation is also performed for chronic bartholinitis (Bartholin gland cyst). If an abscess of the Bartholin gland has formed, it is urgently opened (the golden rule of surgeons: “where there is pus, open it”) under local or general anesthesia. The wound is intensively washed first with hydrogen peroxide, then with an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine or furacillin. A gauze turunda is inserted into the postoperative opening for a period of 5-6 days, that is, until the discharge from the wound becomes “clean” (without admixture of pus).

Dressings are carried out daily, with the treatment of the wound with antiseptics. In parallel, after the opening of bartholinitis, antibacterial drugs of various groups are prescribed:

• macrolides (azithromycin);
• cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefuroxime);
• fluoroquinolones (ciprolet);
• penicillins (amoxiclav).

Together with antibiotics, Trichopolum is prescribed for a period of 7 days.

In chronic bartholinitis and the formation of a cyst, it is removed in a planned manner in a “cold”, that is, without signs of inflammation, period. For this, 2 methods are used. Either the cyst is marsupalized, or the gland is removed (extirpated).

During marsupalization, the cyst is opened with a linear incision, and its edges are sutured to the wound edges of the skin, thus forming a false opening of the excretory duct. A catheter is inserted into the wound so that the contents of the cyst flow out, and by the end of the second month it narrows, and the tube is removed.

During extirpation, the inner surface of the small pudendal lip is opened, the gland is exfoliated in a sharp way (with a scalpel) and removed, the wound is sutured.

In the case of diagnosing acute bartholinitis (false or true abscess) during pregnancy, it is immediately opened. And when a Bartholin gland brush is found, its removal is postponed for the postpartum period. Acute bartholinitis during gestation is dangerous for spontaneous abortion, intrauterine infection of the fetus and premature birth.

Example from practice: I had a 30-year-old patient who, with enviable regularity, 2 times a year, came in with a relapse of the disease. Moreover, in quiet times, she did not have a cyst, any compaction of the Bartholin gland, but bartholinitis recurred stably, every 6 months. After the first opening of the abscess and successful antibacterial treatment, the recovered woman was discharged home. But she did it again six months later. After the second time the abscess was opened, the patient was sent to be examined for sexual infections after recovery. No infections were found. After the third admission to the gynecological department, this woman, that is, her recurrent bartholinitis, made me think. After another successful anti-inflammatory treatment, I referred her to an immunologist. The immunologist, after prescribing tests, revealed serious violations of the immune system and prescribed appropriate treatment. The therapy was beneficial for the patient and she did not apply again with relapses of the disease.