Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language what is swimming in gold, what does it mean and how is it spelled correctly. Phraseological units with the letter K. The meaning of phraseological units with the letter K. Phraseological dictionary Phraseologism Seditious thought

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Phraseological units starting with the letter K. The meaning of phraseological units starting with the letter K. Phraseological dictionary

1. Phraseologism You can’t drive up to him even on a goat

Phraseologism“You can’t drive up to him even on a goat”. This rather rare phrase, meaning "he is completely impregnable", probably arose in the language of the old Russian "amusing people" - all sorts of jesters, buffoons and buffoons.

They amused their high patrons, using both harps and bells for their fun, dressing up in goat and bear skins, in the plumage of a crane. The "repertoire" of these "spies" included riding goats and pigs.

Obviously, buffoons sometimes met with such a bad mood of a high-ranking person that "even a goat did not act on him." That's where this saying came from. Phraseologism “You can’t drive up to him even on a goat” is a catch phrase.

2. Phraseologism To cap analysis

Phraseologism"To the hat analysis" use in the meaning - to be late, to appear when everything is already over. The saying arose in those times when in Russia people, coming to church in warm clothes and knowing that it was impossible to go inside in a hat, folded their three-pieces and caps at the very entrance. At the end of the church service, leaving, everyone took them apart. “To the hat analysis” came only those who were clearly in no hurry to go to church. Phraseologism "To the cap analysis" is a catch phrase.

3. Phraseologism Chaos in the head

Phraseologism"Mess in the head". Today, the word mess means a monstrous mess, disorder, and in general ... a mess. But one and a half hundred years ago, this word meant something edible. On the Volga, millet kulesh with finely chopped fish was called a mess, the Tula people used this word to call a cabbage villager with crushed breadcrumbs, near Orenburg a mess was a potato stewed with onions and finely chopped meat. In general, kavardak is a Turkic word that has the same root as the word fat tail and means minced lamb.

The Turks call this dish kavurdak or kavurma, and there it is not far from the Palestinian shawarma, which is enjoyed by the inhabitants of Moscow, or to the Lebanese shawarma, which is preferred in St. Petersburg. You look in what form the same word comes into the Russian language, and indeed a mess begins in your head.

And yet, how did minced lamb turn into a symbol of disorder? The fact is that Russian messes are crumbly from all sorts of leftovers, and such a dish is rarely dietary. In the dictionary of the Pskov dialect, it is noted that the word mess in the Pskov region is called indigestion, which is accompanied by diarrhea and grumbling in the stomach. It is assumed that it was from this meaning that first a mess in the head occurred, and then just a mess, as a lack of order. Phraseologism "Mess in the head" is a catch phrase.

4. Phraseologism Personnel decide everything

Phraseologism "Cadres decide everything." The meaning of phraseology - in any business - the most important thing is what kind of people are doing this business.

The emergence of phraseology - the words of I. V. Stalin (1879-1953), uttered on May 4, 1935 in the Kremlin Palace in front of graduates of military academies.

5. Phraseologism Each barrel has a plug

Phraseologism " Each barrel plug » use in the meaning - a person who gives advice to everyone, regardless of whether these advice is needed. Phraseologism "Each barrel plug" is a catch phrase.

6. Phraseologism To each his own

Phraseologism"To each his own". The meaning of phraseology is that each person has his own interests and hobbies, his own worldview, each has his own destiny and his own life path.

The emergence of phraseology - from the works of the Roman writer and orator Mark Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC). In the original: "Justice is recognized by the fact that it awards to each his own."

Subsequently, the legal meaning of the phrase was gradually lost. It is also found in the Roman writer Pliny the Elder (23-79).

During World War II, the phrase gained notoriety. The Nazis made the inscription "Jedem das Seine" ("To each his own") on the gates of the Buchenwald death camp. The phrase made sense - if you are an Aryan, then you deserve world domination, if you are not an Aryan - you deserve death. Of course, neither Cicero nor Pliny had anything like this in mind and had nothing close to it ... Phraseologism in Latin: “Suum cuique”.

7. Phraseologism Everyone is the blacksmith of his own destiny

Phraseologism "Everyone is the blacksmith of his own destiny." The meaning of a phraseological unit is that a person himself determines by his actions and behavior how his whole life will develop in the future.

The emergence of phraseology - according to the Roman historian Sallust (86-35 BC), these words belong to the Roman consul and poet Appius Claudius (c. 340 - 273 BC).

8. Phraseologism Everyone dies alone

Phraseologism "Everyone dies alone" is used in several senses: 1) To emphasize the spiritual isolation of each person; 2) The fact that the most important decisions in life a person makes himself.

The emergence of phraseology is the title of a book by the German writer Hans Fallada (1893-1947).

9. Phraseologism Casanova

Phraseologism "Casanova". A common noun for a great lover of love affairs, a good lover. An analogue of "Don Juan" and "Lovelace".

Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (1725-1798) is a famous adventurer of Venetian origin, famous for his love affairs, which he himself told about in his memoirs. It is noteworthy that during his lifetime Casanova did not have the reputation of a legendary lover, it developed after his death, when his memoirs “The Story of My Life” were published. Although the list of women in these memoirs is not so large (for 39 years - 122 women), the literary skill with which Casanova described his love adventures brought him fame as a legendary lover.

10. Phraseologism Kazan orphan

Phraseologism"Kazan orphan". In October 1552, the army of Ivan the Terrible took the capital of the Tatar Khanate of Kazan, the city of Kazan. A huge territory came under the authority of Moscow. To keep its population in obedience, it was necessary to find different ways. Therefore, the Russian authorities tried to win over, of course, not the Tatar "muzhiks", ordinary people, but first of all the Tatar nobility, princes - murzas. The princes, for the most part, were quite willing to meet the new government, trying to maintain their position and wealth.

Many of them converted to Christianity, received gifts from the tsar and traveled to Moscow to join the royal retinue there. Our people began to mockingly call these princes and princes "Kazan orphans" - at the court they became shy, tried to get as many awards and "salaries" as possible.

"Kazan orphan" - a person pretending to be unhappy in order to arouse the sympathy of compassionate people; in this sense, we still use the old nickname as a saying. Phraseologism "Kazan orphan" is a catch phrase.

11. Phraseologism State pie

Phraseologism "Treasury pie" about state property, which is mercilessly stolen by officials and other persons who have seized power.

The emergence of phraseology - from the works of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826-1889). So the writer called the property that embezzlers encroach on. As you can see, the meaning of the phrase has not changed over time.

12. Phraseologism Egyptian executions

Phraseologism"Egyptian plagues". The bible says: the pharaoh of Egypt for a long time refused to release the people who lived in Egypt in the position of slaves. According to legend, the angry god then sent successively ten severe punishments to the Nile country, in Old Slavonic - “executions”. These were: the transformation of the water of the Nile into blood, the invasion of the country of toads and other reptiles, the abundance of midges, the arrival of especially evil "dog" flies, the loss of livestock, a terrible epidemic that covered the entire population with boils, hail, interrupted by fiery showers, an invasion of the all-destroying locust, many days darkness, the death of the first-born, not only in human families, but also among livestock. Frightened by disasters, the pharaoh allowed the enslaved to leave Egypt.

"Egyptian execution" is now called any severe disaster, torment. Phraseologism "Egyptian executions" is a catch phrase.

13. Phraseologism Like a bath sheet

Phraseologism"Like a bath leaf" use in the meaning - to bother, to be intrusive. Phraseologism "Like a bath leaf" is a catch phrase.

14. Phraseologism Like a squirrel in a wheel

Phraseologism"Like a squirrel in a wheel" use in the meaning - actively, frantically perform work. Phraseologism "Like a squirrel in a wheel" is a catch phrase.

15. Phraseologism How to bake pancakes

Phraseologism"How to bake pancakes" use in the meaning - does something quickly and in large quantities. Pancakes are a national Russian dish that had a ritual meaning: they were obligatory at weddings and commemorations. The method of making pancakes is quick and easy. The pancake is baked for only 2-3 minutes; to cook even a large number of pancakes, you need a relatively short time. This observation formed the basis of the turnover. Phraseologism "How pancakes bake" is a catch phrase.

16. Phraseologism How God puts on the soul

Phraseologism"How God puts on the soul" used in the meaning - anyhow. Phraseologism "As God puts on the soul" is a catch phrase.

17. Phraseologism No matter how something happens

Phraseologism "No matter what happens" used as a playful comment about the behavior of an overly cautious person who is unwilling to take even the smallest risk.

The emergence of a phraseological unit is first encountered by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in "Modern Idyll", the words of officials.

The phrase gained popularity thanks to A.P. Chekhov (1826-1889), and his story "The Man in the Case".

18. Phraseologism How to sink into the water

Phraseologism"How to dive into the water" use in the meaning - to disappear without a trace. Phraseologism "How to sink into the water" is a catch phrase.

19. Phraseologism

Phraseologism "As you remember, you shudder" used as a commentary on one's own unpleasant memories, which one does not even want to remember.

The emergence of phraseology - from the scene "Eleven Unknown".

20. Phraseologism Like a bolt from the blue

Phraseologism"Like a bolt from the blue" used in the sense - unexpectedly. Phraseologism "Like a bolt from the blue" is a catch phrase.

21. Phraseologism Like two fingers on asphalt

Phraseologism"Like two fingers on asphalt" use in the meaning - elementary, simple. Phraseologism "Like two fingers on asphalt" is a catch phrase.

22. Phraseologism Like two drops of water

Phraseologism"The same" used in the meaning - similar, indistinguishable. Phraseologism "Like two drops of water" is a catch phrase.

23. Phraseologism How great that we all gathered here today

Phraseologism "How great that we are all gathered here today" used to express joy at meeting friends or acquaintances with whom we have not seen for a long time.

The emergence of phraseology - from the song of the same name (1979) by O. G. Mityaeva:

“You gently embrace the bend of the yellow guitar,
A string with a fragment of echo will pierce the tight heights.
The dome of the sky will sway, large and starry.
It's great that we're all here today."

24. Phraseologism Like a zyuzya drunk

Phraseologism "Like a zyuzya drunk" is used in relation to a dead drunk person. The emergence of phraseology - from the novel by A.S. Pushkin (1799-1837) "Eugene Onegin" (1823-1831).

“From the Kalmyk horse, falling down,
Like a drunk zyuzya, and the French
Got captured…”

Zyuzya is the designation of a pig adopted in the Pskov region. Apparently, from here came the persistent association with the pig of everyone who likes to unnecessarily take on his chest: “get drunk like a pig”, “grunt”, “buzz” and so on.

25. Phraseologism Like from a bucket

Phraseologism"Like a bucket" used in the sense - in large quantities. About the rain (it pours like a bucket) - heavy rain. Phraseologism "Like a bucket" is a catch phrase.

26. Phraseologism Like chickens in cabbage soup (get in)

Phraseologism"Like chickens in cabbage soup". Here is a common saying that we often repeat without thinking about its meaning and origin. True, many people understand that “kur” in old Russian is “rooster”. But is cabbage soup cooked from roosters?

Some interpreters of this proverb, believing that cabbage soup is cooked only from beef, lamb and pork, suggested replacing the words “in cabbage soup” with the words “to pluck”. “Got plucked” means he was stabbed and eaten.

It is unlikely, however, that this is the correct interpretation. Firstly, kitchen experts certify that the national Russian soup - "shchi" can be cooked on any broth, including chicken. This was often done in those cases when the need to prepare a treat arose suddenly, and there was no meat in the village economy in stock.

27. Phraseologism How Mamai passed

Phraseologism"How Mamai passed" use in the meaning - complete disorder, devastation, defeat.

An expression from ancient Russian history. It is associated with the name of the Tatar Khan Mamai, who ruled the Golden Horde from the 60s. XIV century and made devastating raids on Russia until 1380, when his troops were defeated by Dmitry Donskoy's squad during the Battle of Kulikovo. Mamai fled to the Crimea, where he died. Mamai's invasion of Russia is described in ancient Russian chronicles, as well as in the ancient Russian story "Zadonshchina" and "The Legend of the Mamai Battle". Phraseologism "How Mamai passed" is a catch phrase.

28. Phraseologism Like a dead poultice

Phraseologism"Like a dead poultice" use in the meaning - useless, in vain. Phraseologism "Like a dead poultice" is a catch phrase.

29. Phraseologism How young we were

Phraseologism "How young we were" expresses nostalgic memories of the past youth, of the events of youth. The emergence of phraseology - from the song of the composer A. Pakhmutova, the words of the poet N. N. Dobronravov:

"Nothing on earth passes without a trace,
And the youth that is gone is still immortal.
How young we were,
How sincerely loved
How you believed in yourself!

30. Phraseologism As if nothing had happened

Phraseologism"As if nothing had happened" used to mean that nothing happened. Phraseologism "As if nothing had happened" is a catch phrase.

31. Phraseologism Whatever one may say

Phraseologism"Anyway" use in the meaning - in any case, under any circumstances.

32. Phraseologism Like peas against a wall

Phraseologism"Like peas on the wall" use in the meaning - nothing affects anyone; it is useless to speak, advise, etc. to anyone. V. I. Dal in the "Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" gives the following definition of this turnover: "does not cling." Among the people you can hear: He is told that to sculpt peas into the wall or how to squash peas against the wall. Phraseologism "Like peas against a wall" is a catch phrase.

33. Phraseologism Like a cucumber

Phraseologism"Like a pickle" use in the meaning - a fresh, well-rested, sober person. Phraseologism "Like a cucumber" is a catch phrase.

34. Phraseologism How to drink to give

Phraseologism"How to drink to give" used in the sense - necessarily, without fail. The expression is based on the tradition of giving travelers a drink. Giving water is a simple and easy thing, so the turnover was used in the meaning of "quickly, easily." At the beginning of the 19th century a form appears how to drink will be given; the modern form took shape by the middle of the 19th century. The emergence of a phraseological unit - originally used in relation to poisons - "as they give you drink, so he will die right there." Found in the novel by I. Lazhechnikov (1792-1869) "Basurman" (1838). Phraseologism "How to drink to give" is a catch phrase.

35. Phraseologism Like clockwork

Phraseologism"Like butter" use in the meaning - easily, smoothly. Phraseologism "Like clockwork" is a catch phrase.

36. Phraseologism Like bees to honey

Phraseologism"Like bees to honey" used in the sense - about something that attracts attention. Phraseologism "Like bees to honey" is a catch phrase.

37. Phraseologism Like water off a duck's back

Phraseologism"Like water off a duck's back". Before you is not a simple saying, but part of an ancient incantation formula. It used to be that a healer, pouring “slanderous water” over sick children, and caring parents, bathing them in a bath, mysteriously said: “Water off the goose, and thinness (that is, illness) from our Kolenka (or Petenka).” And they believed that all sorts of misfortunes would run away from their son or daughter as quickly and without a trace as water runs off the goose plumage.

It is from the goose? No, not necessarily: from the feathers of any water bird. Indeed, in such birds, the plumage is covered with a special fatty lubricant, which is secreted by a gland on the back at the root of their tail. Water does not wet them, rolling on fat ...

But to say: “Like water from a chicken” is impossible. Have you seen a wet chicken? Pitiful sight! No wonder they say about confused, frightened people: "wet chicken."

Like water off a duck's back - absolutely indifferent, nothing at all; something decisively does not affect anyone. Due to the fatty lubrication of plumage, water rolls off the goose easily. Such an observation was transferred to healers' formulas, proverbs, sayings. Phraseologism "Like water off a duck's back" is a catch phrase.

38. Phraseologism As from a goat's milk

Phraseologism"Like a goat's milk". At first glance, this proverb is similar to the previous one.

In fact, they have nothing in common either in form or in meaning.

There are two “uses” from a sheep: milk, from which cheese is made - feta cheese, and wool. From a ram - one: wool (meat does not count). But, while the goat also has benefits - milk, the goat does not give milk or wool. Can you compare him to a sheep?

Initially, our saying was longer, more precise and sounded like this: “Benefits like a goat: no wool, no milk.” Over time, it has shrunk. And so it was possible to understand that it was about something or someone completely unnecessary and useless.

I must say that sometimes they say, and even shorter - they don’t mention a goat, but simply annoy: “What good is you: no wool, no milk!” And everything is clear too. Phraseologism "Like a goat's milk" is a catch phrase.

39. Phraseologism How I broke off the chain

Phraseologism"How I got off the chain" use in the meaning - began to behave violently, unreasonably. Phraseologism "How I got off the chain" is a catch phrase.

40. Phraseologism Like a herring (herring) in a barrel

Phraseologism"Like a herring in a barrel" used in the sense of tightness. Phraseologism "Like a herring in a barrel" is a catch phrase.

41. Phraseologism How to fall through the ground

Phraseologism"How to fall through the ground" used in the meaning - disappeared without a trace. Phraseologism "How to fall through the ground" is a catch phrase.

42. Phraseologism Like snow on the head

Phraseologism"Like snow on your head" used in the meaning - unexpectedly, suddenly. Phraseologism "Like snow on the head" is a catch phrase.

43. Phraseologism Like a glass

Phraseologism"Like glass" use in the meaning - sober, clean. Phraseologism "Like a glass" is a catch phrase.

44. Phraseologism Like cheese in butter

Phraseologism"Like Cheese in Butter" use in the meaning - to live in abundance. Phraseologism "Like cheese in butter" is a catch phrase.

45. Phraseologism Like Christ in the bosom

Phraseologism"Like Christ in the bosom" use in the meaning - to live carefree, in complete safety. Turnover of common Slavic origin. The image is based on the idea of ​​the bosom as a safe shelter, a safe place. Phraseologism "Like Christ in the bosom" is a catch phrase.

46. ​​Phraseologism Like mad

Phraseologism"Like mad" use in the meaning - a lot and run fast. Phraseologism "Like mad" is a catch phrase.

47. Phraseologism What kind of fly bit

Phraseologism"What a fly bitten" use about someone who is not in the spirit, angry, angry; about the strange behavior of someone. The expression is tracing paper from the French "quelle mouche vous pique?". It goes back to superstitious ideas (common among the Slavs) that the devil could turn into flies, horseflies, beetles and other insects. Penetrating into the mouth, nose, ear or biting a person, he made him demon-possessed, forcing him to lose his temper, get nervous, get angry. Phraseologism "What a fly bit" is a catch phrase.

48. Phraseologism What a muck this is your jellied fish!

Phraseologism "What a muck this is your jellied fish!" used as a playful condemnation of something that we do not like, and not necessarily edible.

The emergence of phraseology - from the film "The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath!" (1975), directed by E. A. Ryazanov. Hippolytus' words.

49. Phraseologism What a block, what a seasoned human being!

Phraseologism "What a lump, what a seasoned human being!"- about an extraordinary person.

The emergence of phraseology - the words of V. I. Lenin (1870-1924) about the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910).

50. Phraseologism How you were, remained so

Phraseologism "What you were, remained so" is used in the literal sense of the word in relation to people who do not change at all over time (outwardly, in character, in actions).

The emergence of a phraseological unit - from a song for the film "Kuban Cossacks" (1950), composer I. Dunayevsky, words by M. V. Isakovsky:

"What you were, remained so,
Steppe eagle, dashing Cossack ...
Why, why did you meet again
Why did you disturb my peace?

51. Phraseologism You can’t lure Kalach

Phraseologism“You can’t lure with a roll” use in the meaning - no persuasion, no means, no promises to force someone to enter or drive somewhere. Russians have long eaten mainly rye bread. It belonged not only to poor, but also to rich families. Our ancestors even preferred it to wheat and considered it more nutritious. The word bread originally meant actually "rye bread". Wheat flour was used for prosphora, and in everyday life - for kalachi, which in general were a delicacy for the common people on holidays. Only wheat bread was eaten in the lower reaches of the Volga and on the Caspian Sea, because wheat was the dominant cereal here, and rye bread was a rarity. The need of grainless provinces attracted people to these places, and here, due to the sparsely populated region, working hands were very much needed for mowing and reaping the boundless grain fields. You can’t lure the expression with a kalach, therefore, you won’t attract the rarest piece to yourself who has experienced a bitter share and severe need in foreign lands. Phraseologism “You can’t lure with a kalach” is a catch phrase.

52. Phraseologism Caliph for an hour

Phraseologism"King for a day" matters: 1) about a person who has received power by accident, for a short time; 2) about a person who accidentally and briefly became someone who took up a business that is not characteristic of him (usually prestigious). The expression goes back to the Arabic fairy tale "A dream, or Caliph for an hour" from the collection "A Thousand and One Nights".

So they say about people who came to power by chance and for a short time, and then forced to say goodbye to it. "You are here - the caliph for an hour, and I am a zemstvo man!" - the leader of the nobility, a local native, says dismissively to one appointed from above official - the governor, in one of the stories of the writer N. Leskov. By this he wanted to say: you will be removed from here, but I will stay.

The meaning is clear, but what is the origin? It is borrowed from the Arabian tales "A Thousand and One Nights". The famous hero of Eastern legends, the caliph (king) of Baghdad, Garun al-Rashid, condescended to the desire of one of his subjects - although for a short time to become caliph (compare "Sword of Damocles"). This man was put to sleep, transferred to the palace, and when he woke up, they began to give him royal honors. However, this comedy did not last long: soon the newly-appeared caliph was put to sleep again and returned to his hut. This fabulous story gave rise to our ironic saying in the future. Phraseologism "Caliph for an hour" is a catch phrase.

53. Phraseologism Stone heart

Phraseologism "Stone heart"- about a cruel person, completely devoid of a sense of pity and compassion. The emergence of phraseology - from the Bible. The Old Testament says: “I will put a new spirit in them, and I will take away the stony heart out of their flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh.”

54. Phraseologism Stumbling block

Phraseologism"Stumbling Stone". It is not easy for city dwellers to guess what these two words might mean; villagers will understand easier. Walking in the dark (and even in the light) along deaf roads and paths, a person, no, no, yes, stumbles upon stones protruding from the ground. It is easy to trip over them, and even break your leg badly.

The same was experienced by people on the flinty paths of Ancient Judea. It is not surprising that in one of the biblical texts, God himself and his strict laws are called the “stumbling block” for sinners. It is more surprising that even now we continue to call all sorts of obstacles that way, especially those that you stumble upon constantly, every time you reach them. Phraseologism "The stumbling block" is a catch phrase.

55. Phraseologism Don't leave a stone unturned

Phraseologism"Leave no stone unturned" use in the meaning - to destroy, to destroy to the ground, without a trace. Gospel expression. According to legend, Christ once foretold the destruction of Jerusalem, gesturing around its magnificent buildings and saying: “Do you see these great buildings? All this will be destroyed so that there will be no stone left unturned.” Phraseologism "Leave no stone unturned" is a catch phrase.

56. Phraseologism Kamo are you coming?

Phraseologism"Where are you coming?". In what direction are you moving, developing? An expression from the Church Slavonic text of the Bible, where the phrase literally means "Where are you going?".

57. Phraseologism Gimp pull

Phraseologism"Gimp pull". With the constant phraseological fusions that we are concerned with, a curious thing sometimes happens; two expressions that originally meant completely different things, born on different occasions and under different conditions, subsequently begin to mean the same thing. You have already seen examples of this: the combination of the words “And there are spots in the sun” was probably born in the West, among medieval scientists, and the saying “And there is a hole in the old woman” arose in Russia, in the midst of the Russian common people. And both mean about the same thing: there is nothing that would be, as they say, without a hitch, without a hitch.

So here, too, “gimp” is a French word: it means a thin thread, gold or silver, used in gold embroidery for embroidering patterns.

Making a gimp was a painstaking and difficult task.

“Pull the gimp” has received a figurative meaning - wasting time in vain, stretching out work, doing something tedious, protracted. But after all, if you remember, the words “pull the bagpipe” have about the same meaning, although the bagpipe is not a golden thread at all, but a musical instrument.

Two expressions that are not at all similar in their literal senses, in a figurative sense, have acquired almost the same meaning. Phraseologism "Gimp pull" is a catch phrase.

58. Phraseologism Sink into eternity

Phraseologism"Sink into eternity" use in the meaning - to pass, go into the past (about time). Phraseologism "Sink into eternity" is a catch phrase.

59. Phraseologism Sink into oblivion

Phraseologism"Sink into oblivion" matters: 1) disappear without a trace and forever, go into oblivion (about a person); 2) to be forever forgotten, consigned to oblivion (about events, facts, memories). The expression goes back to Greek mythology, where Lethe is the river of oblivion in the underworld kingdom of Hades, the kingdom of the dead.

60. Phraseologism Carthage must be destroyed

Phraseologism"Carthage must be destroyed". During the Punic Wars - a life-and-death struggle between Carthage and Rome - the stern Roman senator Cato the Elder became famous for his stubborn habit. Whatever he talked about at meetings of the Senate - about elections to a commission or about the prices of vegetables in the Roman market - he always ended his speech with the same phrase: “And besides, I think that Carthage must be destroyed !" The old politician more than once visited the lair of the African lion - Hannibal, in Carthage itself, and each time returned so shocked by his wealth and power that he considered the very existence of this state (not without reason) to be a mortal threat to his homeland.

At first they laughed at the wise old man, and then everything happened as he wanted: as a result of a terrible bloody struggle, Rome won, Carthage was wiped off the face of the earth, and the very place where he stood was plowed up by Roman plows. But two millennia have passed, and we still remember and repeat the annoying words of the stubborn old man; we repeat in two cases: when we want to show that someone has been possessed by an obsessive idea, a mania, a thought from which it is impossible to confuse him, and when we need to point out a real, constant and formidable danger, until the elimination of which normal life is unthinkable. “Tseterum tsenzeo,” we say then, like Cato. “Kartaginem delendam essay!”

For the events of this time, see also the articles "Hannibal's Oath" and "Hannibal at the Gates".

61. Phraseologism Castor and Pollux

It is clear that the names of Castor and Pollux - the Dioscuri brothers, as they were otherwise called - became the embodiment of true friendship, the common name of two inseparable friends.

62. Phraseologism Roll like cheese in butter

Phraseologism"Ride like cheese in butter" use in the meaning - to live in full contentment, prosperity. The word cheese in this expression means the word "cottage cheese". The popular comparison with cheese rolling in butter reflects the types of milk processing. Cheese, cottage cheese and cow's butter are peasant symbols of life's well-being. Phraseologism "Ride like cheese in butter" is a catch phrase.

63. Phraseologism Roll down an inclined plane

Phraseologism"Go downhill" use in the meaning - gradually become worse and worse. Phraseologism "Roll on an inclined plane" is a catch phrase.

64. Phraseologism Download rights

Phraseologism"Download rights" use in the meaning - to make claims, referring to something not particularly important. Phraseologism "Download rights" is a catch phrase.

65. Phraseologism Porridge in the head

Phraseologism"Mess in my head" use in the meaning - confusion, confusion in thinking. Phraseologism "Porridge in the head" is a catch phrase.

66. Phraseologism Kasha-malash

Phraseologism"Porridge-malash". In general, this is not a very approved children's game: the baby stirs thick road dirt with a stick, spatula, or even directly with his hands and says: “Porridge, malash, delicious porridge!” One can argue whether the memory of Malany's wedding is preserved in this sentence or whether the child simply claims that even the Mirgorod puddle will be small for his porridge, but in any case, one thing is clear: adults call porridge-malash a monstrous mess, a mixture and squabbles all at once.

67. Phraseologism You can’t cook Kasha

Phraseologism"You can't cook porridge" use in the meaning - you will not agree, you will not do any business with anyone. The expression is associated with the ancient ritual and ceremonial purpose of porridge and the process of its preparation. The joint preparation of ritual food testified to the desire to participate in the affairs of the entire community, to invest their share in the common "cauldron" (cf. classmate). A person who did not want to participate in the general ritual action was considered a stranger and unreliable. Hence - the condemnation, preserved in the form and content of the phraseological unit. Phraseologism "You can't cook porridge" is a catch phrase.

68. Phraseologism Chestnuts from the fire to carry

Phraseologism"To carry chestnuts from the fire". Actually, this is a French saying, transferred to us in the XVIII-XIX centuries. It could not have arisen in Russia: until that time, Russian people did not know chestnuts and did not eat them.

The French great fabulist La Fontaine has the fable "The Monkey and the Cat". The cunning monkey, noticing delicious chestnuts baking in the hearth and not wanting to burn their paws, adapted the cat for this purpose:

Baska takes out chestnuts,
The monkey picks them up...

To drag chestnuts out of the fire means: to do hard work for someone, to take risks for another without compensation. Phraseologism "Drag chestnuts from the fire" is a catch phrase.

69. Phraseologism Squaring the circle

Phraseologism"Squaring the circle". So often they call any unsolvable task, everything completely unattainable, impossible.

The ancient mathematicians set themselves the task of constructing a square, equal in area to one or another circle, with the help of compasses and a ruler alone - those tools that geometers have always used. No matter how many people fought over its solution for whole millennia, nothing came of it. And only in our time, scientists have accurately proved that this problem is generally unsolvable.

70. Phraseologism Quasimodo

Phraseologism "Quasimodo"- about a person with an ugly appearance; hunchbacked man. The emergence of phraseology - from the novel by Victor Hugo (1802-1885) "Notre Dame Cathedral" (1831). The hero of Quasimodo's novel is a hunchbacked, ugly bell ringer, hopelessly in love with the beautiful Esmeralda.

71. Phraseologism Kvass patriotism

Phraseologism"Kvass patriotism". A true patriot is proud of the great deeds of his people, always and in everything strives to ensure for him an equal place with all the peoples of the world; he does not forget about his national merits and tries to correct his shortcomings.

But there are people who consider themselves patriots precisely because they indiscriminately praise everything “their own” and condemn everything “alien”. They do not see the real, big affairs of the motherland; they are attracted by all sorts of trifles, various trifling customs, sometimes even absurd ones: the cut of clothes, the habit of famous foods ... The preservation of all this seems to them the main patriotic deed: if you are Russian, love Russian cabbage soup and porridge, drink Russian kvass, wear a Russian beard, and the rest - not important!

72. Phraseologism Caesar's - to Caesar

Phraseologism"Caesarean to Caesar". The word "caesar" (caesar) in Rome meant the lord, the monarch. From him came such words as the Russian "Caesar" and "Tsar" and the German "Kaiser" - emperor.

The expression originated from a church legend. Jesus' opponents from the sect of the Pharisees asked him a tricky question in public: should taxes be paid to Caesar, that is, the Roman emperor, whose colony was Judea? The calculation was simple: he would say - no need, we will declare him a rebel against Rome; will answer - it is necessary, we will shout that he is against the Jewish people.

However, Jesus, knowing his enemies, was found. Glancing at the Roman coin with which taxes were paid, he, in turn, asked the Pharisees:

Whose image is on the coin?
- Caesarean, - they answered.
- So, give Caesar's - to Caesar, and God's - to God, - Jesus reasoned.
The Pharisees fell silent and walked away.

Now we repeat the first half of this phrase when we wish to say: give someone his due, give him what he deserves. Phraseologism "Caesar's - to Caesar" is a catch phrase.

73. Phraseologism Caesarean section

Phraseologism"Cesarean section". Translation of the Latin sectio caesarea, from sectio - "section" and caedo - "cut". “Caesareus means precisely “Caesar” - that is, Caesar. There is a legend that Caesar - the one that Gaius Julius - was born precisely because of this operation. And the operation was known for a long time - even Hippocrates owned this technology. However, it was very risky, it was rarely possible to save the life of both the mother and the fetus, so each such case was included in the annals of medicine. And then there's this famous character! Living legend! Why didn’t they tell about him after deification! And the unusual birth was well mounted with this legend. Phraseologism "Caesarean section" is a catch phrase.

74. Phraseologism Rush from one extreme to another

Phraseologism"From one extreme to another". used in relation to an inconsistent, rushing about person. Phraseologism "To rush from one extreme to another" is a catch phrase.

75. Phraseologism Clashing cymbal

Phraseologism"Clashing cymbal". The cymbal (or "cymbal") is a very ancient musical instrument, consisting of hollow copper hemispheres that were struck against each other, like our timpani. In ancient times, cymbals were used in worship; they made a loud ringing sound.

There is a place in the Bible that reads like this: “If I speak in human and angelic languages, but do not have love, then I am a ringing brass and a rattling cymbal” - that is: “There is no price for my speeches - they are just empty noise.”

These biblical words were remembered by people: they characterize windbags well. The expression is applied to loud rhetoricians, to speakers who have no essential content behind loud words.

76. Phraseologism Kisey young lady

Phraseologism"Kisey young lady". use in the meaning - a pampered, not adapted to life person. The turnover goes back to N.G. Pomyalovsky’s story “Petty Bourgeois Happiness” (1860), the heroine of which wore a muslin dress. The expression became famous after Pisarev's article "The novel of a muslin girl" (1865). Phraseologism "Kiseynaya young lady" is a catch phrase.

77. Phraseologism Chinese letter

Phraseologism"Chinese letter" used in the meaning - something incomprehensible, difficult to understand. Phraseologism "Chinese letter" is a catch phrase.

78. Phraseologism Chinese draw

Phraseologism "Chinese draw" is used in relation to complex, deadlocked situations that are resolved by uncomplicated volitional decisions.

The emergence of a phraseological unit is a chess term. When a chess game, obviously for one of the players, approaches a logical loss, this player, not wanting to recognize expressions, simply turns the chessboard over without bringing it to a deplorable ending. Of course, this is not a professional level, but sometimes it occurs among amateurs. Judging by the name, for the first time such tactics of the game were invented by the Chinese "grandmasters".

79. Phraseologism Chinese wall

Phraseologism"Chinese Wall". On the borders of the old Chinese empire, a colossal stone wall, preserved in some places to this day, rises. There was a time when it reached ten meters in height and seven meters in thickness. The wall stretched, protecting China from nomadic raids, for six thousand kilometers. Chinese historians claimed that two million workers under the supervision of three hundred thousand overseers built the Great Wall. The wall was and remains an amazing architectural monument, although it has long lost its military significance.

The unparalleled structure has long amazed the minds of neighboring peoples. Everywhere they began to use the expressions: "Chinese wall", "fence off with a Chinese wall" - to denote an insurmountable barrier, the desire to live apart, avoiding communication with the rest of the world. Phraseologism "Chinese Wall" is a catch phrase.

80. Phraseologism Chinese ceremonies

Phraseologism"Chinese Ceremonies". Old China was a state with a huge bureaucracy, with many swaggering nobles - mandarins - and with a magnificent and ceremonial court of the emperor - Bogdykhan. The Bogdykhan's court was famous throughout the world for its indescribably complex rules of conduct - etiquette. There were so many of them that a whole science of court ceremonies appeared; each new bogdykhan started additional prescriptions, bows and other customs.

Gradually, the words "Chinese ceremonies" became the designation of generally tedious and unnecessary conventions, an expression of politeness, brought to nonsense. Phraseologism "Chinese ceremonies" is a catch phrase.

81. Phraseologism Intestine is thin

Phraseologism"Intestine Tonka" use in the meaning - someone has little strength, ability to do something. The expression is actually Russian: from the notion that when lifting weights, you can tear your guts. Phraseologism "Gut is thin" is a catch phrase.

82. Phraseologism Kishmya is teeming

Phraseologism"Kishmya is teeming" use in the meaning - about a continuous mass, a multitude of randomly moving animals, insects, fish or people. The expression is formed according to the tautological model - the reduplication of the verb, which is characteristic of folk Russian speech. Compare: standing upright, running away, shouting screaming. Phraseologism "Kishmya is teeming" is a catch phrase.

83. Phraseologism A storehouse of knowledge

Phraseologism"A well of knowledge" used in the sense - a very smart person. Phraseologism "A storehouse of knowledge" is a catch phrase.

84. Phraseologism Put your teeth on the shelf

Phraseologism"Put your teeth on the shelf" use in the meaning - to experience need, to limit oneself in the most necessary; starve; due to the lack of material resources, to switch to a half-starved existence. There are two versions of the origin of the turnover. According to one of them, the expression does not mean someone's own or false teeth, which are put on the shelf as unnecessary. Teeth, teeth have many tools: saw, rake, pitchfork. There is work - a piece of bread is provided, no - put your teeth (i.e., tools) on the shelf and starve. Such "teeth" - the teeth were put on the shelf in the spring, when the hungry pre-sowing period began. However, according to another version, the expression still refers to human teeth. The image of teeth removed and put on a shelf is a vivid symbol of hunger. Phraseologism "Put your teeth on the shelf" is a catch phrase.

85. Phraseologism Brand with one brand

Phraseologism"To brand with one brand" use in the meaning - to put in one row. Phraseologism "Brand with one brand" is a catch phrase.

86. Phraseologism Klin with a wedge to knock out

Phraseologism"Wedge with a wedge to knock out" use in the meaning - to destroy the results of any actions or any state by the same means by which they were caused. The proverb is associated with chopping firewood, in which logs are split by driving a wedge into a slot made with an ax. If the wedge gets stuck in the wood without splitting it, then it can be knocked out (and at the same time split the log) only with a second, thicker wedge. This everyday observation, like the proverb born on its basis, goes back to ancient times. Phraseologism "Kick out with a wedge" is a catch phrase.

87. Phraseologism Strawberry

Phraseologism "Strawberry". A playful symbol of everything related to erotica.

The emergence of phraseology - from the poem by N. V. Gogol (1809-1852) "Dead Souls" (1842). Nozdrev's story about his friend Kuvshinnikov:

“One was so dressed up, ruffles on her, and ruffles, and the devil knows what was not ... I only think to myself: “Damn it!” And Kuvshinnikov, that is, this is such a beast, sat down next to her and in French allowed her such compliments ... Believe me, he didn’t miss ordinary women. This he calls: to use about strawberries.

88. Phraseologism Hippocratic Oath

Phraseologism"The Hippocratic Oath" for beginner doctors: a solemn oath of allegiance to medical duty. The text of the oath: “I swear by Apollo the doctor, Asclepius, Hygieia and Panacea and all the gods and goddesses, taking them as witnesses, to fulfill honestly, according to my strength and my understanding, the following oath and written obligation: to consider the one who taught me the art of medicine on a par with my parents, share with him your wealth and, if necessary, help him in his needs; consider his offspring as his brothers, and this is an art, if they want to study it, to teach them free of charge and without any contract; instructions, oral lessons and everything else in the teaching to communicate to their sons, the sons of their teacher and students bound by an obligation and an oath according to the law of medicine, but to no one else. I will direct the regimen of the sick to their advantage, according to my ability and my understanding, refraining from causing any harm and injustice. I will not give to anyone the lethal agent asked of me, nor show the way for such a design; likewise, I will not hand any woman an abortion pessary. Purely and undefiled shall I conduct my life and my art. In no case will I make sections in those suffering from stone disease, leaving it to people involved in this matter. Whatever house I enter, I will enter there for the benefit of the sick, being far from everything intentional, unrighteous and pernicious, especially from love affairs with women and men, free and slaves. That during treatment - and also without treatment - I neither saw nor heard about human life from what should not be disclosed, I will keep silent about that, considering such things a secret. To me, who inviolably fulfills the oath, may happiness be given in life and in art, and glory among all people for all eternity; but to the one who transgresses and gives a false oath, let it be the opposite of this.

89. Phraseologism A book with seven seals

Phraseologism"Sealed book" use in the meaning - about something absolutely incomprehensible, inaccessible to understanding, hidden from the uninitiated. An expression from the Bible, from the Revelation of St. John the Theologian: “And I saw in the right hand of the One sitting on the throne a book written inside and outside, sealed with seven seals. And no one could open it ”(Apocalypse, 5, 1-3 and in other places). Phraseologism "The book with seven seals" is a catch phrase.

90. Phraseologism Knut and gingerbread

Phraseologism"Carrot and stick" use in the meaning - a method of rewards and punishments. Phraseologism "Carrot and stick" is a catch phrase.

91. Phraseologism When a roasted rooster (in one place) pecks

Phraseologism"When a fried rooster (in one place) pecks" matters: 1. When a complex problem arises. 2. Never. Phraseologism "When a roasted rooster (in one place) pecks" is a catch phrase.

92. Phraseologism When how

Phraseologism"It depends" use in the meaning - in different situations in different ways.

93. Phraseologism

Phraseologism"When it will lock / press" used in the meaning - when a complex problem arises. Phraseologism "When it will lock / press" is a catch phrase.

94. Phraseologism When cancer on the mountain whistles

Phraseologism"When cancer on the mountain whistles" used to mean never. Phraseologism "When the cancer whistles on the mountain" is a catch phrase.

95. Phraseologism Scapegoat

Phraseologism"Scapegoat". The ancient Jews had a peculiar religious custom, which was called "azazel", or "let goat". Once a year, on the appointed day, the people gathered; one goat was sacrificed to God, and the other was solemnly driven away (“released”) into the desert, after “laying hands on it,” that is, touching it in turn. It was believed that the sins of the whole people would be transferred to the exiled goat and he would take them away with him. The reflection of this custom in the languages ​​of different peoples is the combination of the words "scapegoat". So they call in a figurative sense a person who takes the rap for other people's misdeeds, forced to pay for the sins of others. Phraseologism "Scapegoat" is a catch phrase.

96. Phraseologism Molotov Cocktail

Phraseologism"Molotov cocktail". So in Finland they called Molotov cocktails used in the fight against Soviet tanks in the winter of 1939-1940. A mixture of kerosene, tar and gasoline was poured into vodka bottles at distilleries; The name of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR V. M. Molotov was for the Finns a synonym for Soviet aggression. In April 1940, the expression "Molotov's basket" (Molotov Bread-basket), that is, a container with incendiary bombs, appeared in the English press; and no later than the autumn of 1940 - the expression Molotov cocktail.

97. Phraseologism Wheel of Fortune

Phraseologism Wheel of Fortune(book) - blind fate, vicissitudes, the inconstancy of human happiness. In Roman mythology, the goddess of blind chance, happiness and misfortune, Fortuna, was depicted with a blindfold, standing on a ball or wheel and holding a steering wheel in one hand and a cornucopia in the other. The steering wheel indicated that Fortune controls the fate of a person, the cornucopia - well-being, the abundance that it can give, and the ball or wheel emphasized its constant variability.

Phraseologism "Wheel of Fortune" - about the variability of luck.

Fortuna is the name of the goddess of fate and good luck among the ancient Romans. Usually depicted standing on a wheel or a ball, which had wings on the sides. Such its foot symbolized changeability and unreliability.

98. Phraseologism Bells to pour

Phraseologism"Bells to pour". "To pour bells" means: to lie, to tell fables. Why? The casting of church bells was a complex matter: it required considerable skill, ingenious devices, and rules. A little something was wrong, failure was inevitable: expensive metal disappeared or the bell turned out with an incorrect, rattling ring. The people involved in this business themselves considered it to be something close to witchcraft, invented all sorts of strange customs and signs, without which nothing would be possible.

It was then that the superstitious custom was born: during the casting of the bell, to spread the most ridiculous rumors among the people, and soon the very words “cast bells”, “fill in” began to mean: to invent God knows what. It was believed that the more incredible the rumor could be spread, the more people would believe it, the louder, more beautiful in tone the new bell would come out.

99. Phraseologism Kolomna Verst

Phraseologism"Kolomenskaya verst". "Kolomenskaya verst" - this is the name of long and thin people. The history of this phrase takes us into the distant past of the Russian people - in pre-Petrine times, when in the 17th century, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, on the "pillar" road (that is, the road with milestones) between Moscow and the royal summer residence in the village of Kolomenskoye, distances were measured and “versts” (that is, milestones) were installed at a height that had not yet been seen in Russia.

These pillars must have made a great impression, if for three centuries we have used the combination of words associated with them.

100. Phraseologism Colossus on feet of clay

Phraseologism"Colossus with feet of clay" use in the meaning - something majestic, powerful in appearance, but weak, easily destroyed in essence. The expression goes back to the biblical story of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, who had an ominous dream. He saw a huge idol with a head of gold, chest and arms of silver, belly and thighs of copper, knees of iron, and feet of clay. A stone that fell from the mountain hit the colossus on clay feet, and he turned to dust. The king gathered priests and soothsayers, and one of them interpreted this dream as a fatal omen of the coming destruction and death of the Babylonian kingdom under the blows of the Persians. Phraseologism "Colossus with feet of clay" is a catch phrase.

101. Phraseologism Columbus egg (Columbus egg)

Phraseologism"Columbus egg" use in the meaning - a witty solution to a difficult problem, an unexpectedly simple and bold way out of a predicament. The expression originated from a Spanish folk anecdote. The sages tried in vain to place the egg upright, upright, upright on the table. But only the simpleton Juanelo guessed to hit the end of the egg on the table - the shell cracked, and the egg was set. This is where the expression Huevo de Juanelo "Egg of Huanelo" came from. This expression was sometimes translated into Russian as Vanyusha's egg (in Spanish - Juanelo, and in Russian - Vanya, Vanyusha). Bezoni in his History of the New World (1565) relates this anecdote to Christopher Columbus. In response to the ironic remark that the discovery of America was not very difficult, Columbus suggested that the interlocutor put an egg. When he failed, Columbus himself put the egg, saying that it was not difficult.

102. Phraseologism I will command the parade

Phraseologism "I will command the parade." Joking words of a person who has decided to take responsibility or leadership.

The emergence of phraseology - from the novel by Ilya Ilf (1897-1937) and Evgeny Petrov (1903-1942) "The Golden Calf" (1931). The words of Ostap Bender: “Do not fuss,” Ostap remarked, opening the folder, “I will command the parade. At one time you were informed of this by telegraph. So, the parade has come, and, as you can see, I am in command of it.

103. Phraseologism Mosquito will not undermine the nose

Phraseologism"The mosquito will not undermine the nose" used in the sense - there is nothing to complain about. About something well-made, which is difficult to find fault with, they say: “a mosquito will not undermine your nose.” And what about the mosquito, exactly? And all the more incomprehensible why he needed to sharpen his nose. We understand.
Some believe that the expression is used in cases where the work is done well and smoothly, without a hitch on which a mosquito could sharpen its nose. This is not a completely correct explanation. The fact is that in the old days the verb “to undermine” had not only the usual current interpretation (“slightly sharpen”), but also served as a synonym for the words “push”, “shove”. And what could be thinner than a needle? Mosquito proboscis nose. Thus, another proverb was born. Under a good matchmaker, a mosquito will not undermine the nose (V. Dahl). And from it, as well as from many other Russian proverbs, a part came off, becoming an independent saying - the mosquito will not undermine the nose.

Phraseologism "The mosquito will not undermine the nose" is a catch phrase.

104. Phraseologism Inferiority complex

Phraseologism "Inferiority complex"- about people who extremely exaggerate their own shortcomings and are extremely insecure. Recently, it began to be used not only for people, but also for public associations, states.

The emergence of phraseologism - a medical term, became widely known after the publication of the book "On the inferiority of organs" (1907) by the Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler (1870-1937), a student of Z. Freud.

105. Phraseologism Lump of nerves

Phraseologism"Bundle of nerves" used in the sense - a nervous person. Phraseologism "Lump of nerves" is a catch phrase.

106. Phraseologism Kondrashka had enough

Phraseologism"Kondrashka Enough" use in the meaning - someone died suddenly, died (about an apoplexy, paralysis). There are several versions of the origin of the turnover: 1) the phraseological unit goes back to the name of Kondraty Bulavin, the leader of the popular uprising on the Don in 1707; 2) Kondrashka in expression - a euphemistic name for death, serious illness, paralysis, characteristic of popular superstition.

107. Phraseologism Horses do not change at the crossing

Phraseologism“They don’t change horses at the crossing” use in the meaning - at a decisive moment for the business, they do not change either plans or people. Phraseologism “They don’t change horses at the crossing” is a catch phrase.

108. Phraseologism Consuls, be vigilant!(caveant consuls!)

Phraseologism"Consuls, be vigilant!". When the position of the Roman Republic became for some reason alarming, the senate, a meeting of the nobility, transferred dictatorial power to the highest dignitaries of the state - the consuls. At the same time, in a solemn atmosphere, the formula was pronounced: “Kaveant consules, ne quid rei publice detrimenti capiat!” - that is: "Let the consuls keep a vigilant watch that no damage be done to the republic!"

The first words of this formula broke away from her and acquired the meaning: “we will increase our vigilance”, “beware”, “be on the lookout”.

109. Phraseologism The concert is over

Phraseologism"The concert is over" used in the sense - about the end of an action. Phraseologism "The concert is over" is a catch phrase.

110. Phraseologism The horse did not roll

Phraseologism"The horse did not roll" used in the sense - the work has not been started. Phraseologism "The horse did not roll" is a catch phrase.

111. Phraseologism Smoke the sky

Phraseologism "Smoke the sky" use in the meaning - to live without a goal, to exist. Phraseologism "Smoke the sky" is a catch phrase.

112. Phraseologism Corridors of power

Phraseologism "Corridors of power"- about the higher political spheres where the most important political decisions are made.

The emergence of phraseology is the title of a novel by the English writer, scientist Charles Percy Snow (1905-1980).

113. Phraseologism Feed breakfast

Phraseologism"Feed breakfast" use in the sense - repeatedly promise to do something the next day or in the near future and not fulfill the promises. Phraseologism "Feed breakfast" is a catch phrase.

114. Phraseologism In short

Phraseologism"Shortly speaking" used before presenting the essence of the matter. Phraseologism "In short" is a catch phrase.

115. Phraseologism Make a show of yourself

Phraseologism"Make yourself out" use in the meaning - to pretend to be. Phraseologism "Make a show of yourself" is a catch phrase.

116. Phraseologism Oblique fathom in the shoulders

Phraseologism"Slanting fathom in the shoulders". In ancient times, man was looking for measures of length on his own body.

An inch is the joint of the finger, a cubit is the length of the ulna; English "foot" means "foot" *: our "span" or "quarter" is equal to the distance between the ends of the spaced thumb and forefinger ...

The Russian "sazhen" has the same origin - the distance between the ends of the fingers of the widely spaced hands of an adult man. "Oblique fathom" - the longest: from the sole of the foot to the end of the fingers of the opposite hand extended upwards. That is why to say about a person “he has a slanting fathom in his shoulders” is the same as calling him a hero, a giant.

As a curiosity, the royal foot used by the English is the length of King John's foot. An English yard (91.4 centimeters) is nothing more than a length equal to the distance from the tip of the nose to the end of the middle finger of the outstretched hand of another English king, Henry I.

117. Phraseologism Mow from the army

Phraseologism"Mow down from the army" use in the meaning - to evade military service. Phraseologism "Mow from the army" is a catch phrase.

118. Phraseologism Don't collect your bones

Phraseologism"You can't collect your bones". Strange words: who and when can collect their own bones?

However, as with many sayings, traces of old beliefs can be found here; once this expression had a literal meaning.

Here in Homer's Iliad, the river god Xanthus frightens the Greeks, promising to sink the hero Achilles in such a way, to cover him with sand, silt and stones so that "the Greeks will not collect his bones." And it was very necessary to collect the bones: after all, the ancients believed in the afterlife of a person and believed that in the other world he should have all the members of his body with him.

Otherwise, his "shadow" (soul) will restlessly circle over those places where his bones decay without burial. Even to their enemies, the ancients were afraid to refuse the funeral rite. The threat of Xanth was a terrible threat.

According to an ancient habit, even now, wanting to threaten a person with something terrible, we promise him such a death that he "will not collect his bones."

119. Phraseologism Cat in a bag

Phraseologism"Pig in a bag". “Buying a pig in a poke” means: buying something behind your back, without knowing anything about the merits or demerits of the purchase.

This proverb is the fruit of French wit. Probably, due to its figurativeness, even surprise, it took root in Russian, and in English (though the British replaced the cat with a piglet), and in German.

Interestingly, the Germans created several variants of this expression. So, about a person who handed some worthless thing to another, they say that he "sold a pig in a poke."

Another expression is widespread in German speech: “to let the cat out of the bag”, that is, to make something secret clear, the unknown known. Phraseologism "Pig in a poke" is a catch phrase.

120. Phraseologism Cat valyaka

Phraseologism"Valyaka cat" used in the meaning - lazy.

121. Phraseologism The cat cried

Phraseologism"The cat cried" used in the meaning - very little, a little. Phraseologism "The cat cried" is a catch phrase.

122. Phraseologism Schrödinger's cat

Phraseologism"Shroedinger `s cat" use in the meaning - the state of uncertainty of something (someone). In the year of about the 35th century of the 20th century, the Nobel laureate, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics, Erwin Schrödinger, came up with a model experiment, which now roams all textbooks of quantum physics and has the name "Schrödinger's Cat". The experiment is as follows. A closed box is taken, a live cat is placed in it, and so that he does not get bored, a flask with poisonous gas and a device are placed in the box with him, which breaks the flask if an act of decay occurs in the radioactive source, also in the box. A stopwatch is turned on, such a time interval is selected so that the probability of decay is 50%. This means that if you repeatedly conduct such a terrible experiment, then half of the cats will survive, and half will order to live long. If we conduct the experiment repeatedly and collect statistics, then apart from 50% of the death of cats, we will not learn anything new and there is nothing to argue about in this case. Schrödinger was interested in something else. If an experiment with a single cat is considered, then, according to the principles of quantum mechanics, it should be considered that before opening the box, nothing can be said about whether the cat is alive or dead, it is considered that the cat is in a third, special state: it is neither alive nor dead. In scientific terms, the state vector of a cat can collapse in two ways: towards life and towards death. We can say that there is nothing new in this, the box is closed, and ordinary everyday events occur with the cat, which we simply do not see. But no! It is, as it were, a mixture of two states, a situation that human logic, coming from Aristotle, cannot master. Aristotelian logic is two-valued: yes or no. Quantum mechanics introduced a third term to logic: maybe. This is so unusual that "Schrödinger's cat" has been on the pages of the scientific press for more than half a century.

123. Phraseologism Down the drain

Phraseologism"Down the tail" used in the meaning - wasted. Phraseologism "Down the tail" is a catch phrase.

124. Phraseologism Nightmare in reality

Phraseologism"Nightmare for real" use in the meaning - the embodiment of terrible fantasies. Phraseologism "Nightmare in reality" is a catch phrase.

125. Phraseologism Out of the corner of my eye

Phraseologism"Out of the Eye" used in the meaning - inattentively. Phraseologism "Out of the corner of the eye" is a catch phrase.

126. Phraseologism Cornerstone

Phraseologism"Foundation stone" matters: 1. Foundation, foundation of smth. 2. Basis, the main idea of ​​something. There are several versions of the origin of this turnover:

1. Expression from the Bible: “I lay in Zion a stone, a tested stone, a cornerstone, firmly established” (Isaiah 28, 16).

2. The expression came to the Russian language from Old Slavonic, the original meaning is “a stone lying at the base of some kind of slug. the buildings".

3. The expression was borrowed by the Old Slavonic language from ancient Greek, where it was a two-word term (from akron "top", "edge, end", "border" and horia "corner") and goes back to a building term.

Cornerstone The ancient architects who built from stone found it especially difficult to fit the corners of buildings. The stones laid here were called "cornerstones" and were adjusted especially carefully.

Little by little, the expression "cornerstone" people transferred to all the most important in any kind of work: "The periodic table is the cornerstone of chemistry", "Logic is the cornerstone of philosophy."

The gospel tells a parable. One stone during the construction seemed to the architects to be worthless. And when it was necessary to erect a corner, it was he who approached and became the head of the corner ”(that is,“ the cornerstone ”). "To put at the forefront" now means: "to recognize something as the most essential - the basis of the whole construction, to put it in the foundation." Phraseologism "Cornerstone" is a catch phrase.

127. Phraseologism The land of not frightened idiots

Phraseologism "Land of not frightened idiots." An ironic phrase about strange, narrow-minded people. The emergence of phraseologism - from the "Notebooks" of the Soviet writer Ilya Ilf (1897-1937): "The land of unafraid idiots. It's time to scare."

128. Phraseologism Seditious thought

Phraseologism"Seditious Thought" use in the meaning - intrigue, machinations. The word sedition is borrowed from Church Slavonic, the primary source, apparently, in the Germanic languages ​​karm ("complaint, lamentation"). Phraseologism "Seditious thought" is a catch phrase.

129. Phraseologism Let the Red Rooster go

Phraseologism"Let the red rooster go". The rooster among the Slavs was the embodiment of fire: the god of fire was often depicted in the form of a red, fiery rooster. It is difficult to say why this happened: perhaps for the reason that this bird greets the dawn, the sunrise with its singing; perhaps because among the oldest breeds of hens the roosters wear fiery red plumage. One way or another, there was a belief that during a thunderstorm, a red rooster, together with lightning, jumps off the cloud and this causes a fire ...

In Russian, “putting out a red rooster” has long meant: to set fire to, on purpose to set a fire in someone else’s house.

The red rooster roamed widely and freely around the landowners' estates during the days of riots and popular uprisings, accompanied Stepan Razin, and helped Emelyan Pugachev. In "wooden" Russia, he was one of the most powerful means in the struggle between the poor and the rich.

130. Phraseologism Red word

Phraseologism"Red word" use in the meaning - a witty, well-aimed expression; bright, expressive words. Phraseologism "Red word" is a catch phrase.

131. Phraseologism The red thread runs through

Phraseologism"Red thread passes". When any one thought or one mood permeates the entire speech of the speaker, or is felt in a literary work, or reappears again and again in a person’s activity, they say: “This always “passes through” with him. Why red and not white or blue? Where did this image come from?

It turns out that he entered the speech of several peoples from a very unexpected area - from the language of English sailors at the end of the 18th century. Since 1776, by order of the Admiralty, factories began to weave one thread - red - into all the ropes of the English navy in their entire length. They wove it in such a way that it was possible to pull out the thread only by destroying the rope itself. Thus, no matter how small a piece of the rope was cut, it was always possible to find out: it was naval. This is where the custom came from to talk about the red thread as the very essence, about a constant sign.

To pass like a red thread - about any clearly distinguished, dominant thought, idea in something. The expression goes back to Goethe's novel Wahlverwandtschaften (1809), Russian translation of Kindred Natures. In the novel, the heroine's sympathies, which run through her entire diary, are compared with a red thread that was woven into the ropes of the English fleet: "... a red thread of sympathy and affection stretches through the whole diary of Ottilie ..." (since 1776, all the ropes of the English navy were woven in factories one red thread in full length to protect the ropes from theft). Phraseologism "The red thread passes" is a catch phrase.

132. Phraseologism Red pencil

Phraseologism"Red pencil" use in the meaning - the reduction of funds for social needs.

133. Phraseologism Brevity is the sister of talent

Phraseologism "Brevity is the sister of talent" used as advice to express one's thoughts briefly, because this way the person is easier to understand.

The emergence of phraseology - from a letter (1889) A.P. Chekhov (1860-1904) to his brother Alexander:

“My advice: in a play, try to be original and as smart as possible, but don't be afraid to look stupid; freethinking is needed, but only that freethinker who is not afraid to write nonsense. Do not lick, do not grind, but be clumsy and impudent. Brevity is the soul of wit".

134. Phraseologism Die Hard

Phraseologism"Toughie". Everyone knows the proverb "A hard nut - you can't figure it out right away" and the saying "A nut is too tough." "Nutlet" is always something that is difficult to force, influence or understand.

These expressions, according to some researchers, arose in connection with the capture by Peter I of the Swedish fortress of Notebrga, in the past - the Russian city of Oreshka.

The history of the name of this city is interesting. In ancient times, the Finns called the settlement at the source of the Neva "Pyakhkinalinna", that is, the "Walnut Fortress": there were probably many thickets of hazelnuts around. Novgorodians, having established themselves at the southern exit from Ladoga, translated this Finnish word simply as “Nutlet”. The Swedes who then captured "Nutlet" replaced its name with their own: the fortress became "Noteborg", that is, again, "Nut Castle". Finally, Peter I, having returned her old possession to Russia, returned to him and his old name. However, he gave him a new understanding: "a fortress that will be a hard nut for the teeth of any opponent." After all, the capture of Nut was not easy for him himself. Not without reason, informing Moscow about the capture of Noteborg, Peter I wrote:

“It is true that this nut was very strong, but, thank God, it was happily gnawed ...”. Phraseologism "Die Hard" is a catch phrase.

135. Phraseologism Strong in hindsight

Phraseologism"Strong in hindsight" used in relation to a person who is not able to figure out, make the right decision on time. Turnover is actually Russian in origin. Considered as a result of the contamination of expressions with hindsight and thinking in hindsight. Phraseologism "Strong in hindsight" is a catch phrase.

136. Phraseologism Godfather

Phraseologism"Godfather" matters: 1. The first educator, mentor of someone in a particular business, profession. 2. Giving a name to something newly discovered, invented. 3. The leader of the mafia. Phraseologism "The Godfather" is a catch phrase.

137. Phraseologism Crusade

Phraseologism"Crusade". In the 11th-13th centuries, Western noble-knights went on a campaign to Palestine many times.

The reason for these campaigns, called "crusades", was the conquest of Jerusalem and other cities of Palestine, where, according to legend, the "sepulcher of the Lord" was located.

In fact, the knights went to Asia to enrich themselves. They wanted to pave anew the roads to rich India, intercepted by the Arabs; and they were inspired by European merchants and the Catholic clergy. They gathered motley, multinational knightly detachments, ferocious warriors and robbers with crosses sewn on cloaks. Phraseologism " Crusade" is a catch phrase.

138. Phraseologism Cry of the soul

Phraseologism"Cry from the heart" matters: 1. The expression of mental pain, something that has accumulated in the soul. 2. Strong, irresistible desire to do something, to accomplish.

Tracing paper from the French le cri du coeur. From the Jewish religion, according to which the soul, parting with the body, cries so loudly that the cry spreads throughout the earth. However, the human ear cannot hear it. Phraseologism "Was there a boy?" is a catch phrase.

139. Phraseologism Blood resentment

Phraseologism"Blood Resentment" use in the meaning - a very heavy, deeply affecting person resentment. The expression is actually Russian. Initially, “an insult washed off by blood,” that is, such an insult for which they killed or called to battle. Phraseologism "Blood resentment" is a catch phrase.

140. Phraseologism The blood in the veins freezes

Phraseologism"Blood runs cold" used in the meaning - very scary. Phraseologism "The blood in the veins runs cold" is a catch phrase.

141. Phraseologism Blood with milk

Phraseologism"Blood with milk" used in relation to a ruddy, healthy person. An expression from Russian folklore, where folk ideas about the beauty of color are combined: red like blood and white like milk. In Russia, a white face and a blush on the cheeks have long been considered a sign of beauty, which was evidence of good health. Phraseologism "Blood with milk" is a catch phrase.

142. Phraseologism Crocodile tears

Phraseologism"Crocodile Tears" use in the meaning - feigned tears, insincere regrets. The expression arose in Russian as a result of a literal translation of the complex German word Krokodilstranen. The first entry is in the “German-Latin and Russian Lexicon” by Weismann in 1731. The appearance of the corresponding formation in the German language is associated with the belief that when a crocodile devours a person, he cries (cf. in the Alphabet Book of the 18th century: Crocodile beast water .. Whenever imate a person to eat, then he cries and sobs, but the food does not stop).

The ancient Egyptians considered the Nile crocodiles to be the bearers of divine evil. They were fed, they were addressed with spells to pacify their anger. The bloodthirstiness and deceit of the crocodile gave rise to amazing fantasies. The ancient Greek scientist Elian, in his zoological treatise, wrote that a crocodile, having taken water in its mouth, pours it over steep paths along which people and animals descend to the river. As soon as the victim slips and falls, the crocodile jumps up to it and devours it.

Others said that the monster, having swallowed the body of a man, for some reason always irrigates his head with tears, and only then ends his terrible feast.

In one of the Russian “Azbukovnikov” - a kind of dictionary of the 17th century - this ancient belief was retold as follows: “The crocodile is a water beast ... When you eat a person, then he cries and sobs, but he does not stop eating, and tearing his head from the body, in vain (that is, looking at her), crying.

This "hypocrisy" of crocodiles in ancient times gave rise to an expression known to all peoples. Crocodile tears - fake tears, feigned regrets.

Well, all the same, does the story about tears have any basis?
Do crocodiles pour them, or are they just the fruit of the wild imagination of the ancients?
It is not so easy to answer this.

The author of the satire "Praise of Stupidity" Erasmus of Rotterdam (XVI century) believed that a crocodile at the sight of a person does not have tears, but saliva. Four centuries have passed, but until recently no one has learned anything reliable about crocodile tears. Their secret was solved quite recently by the Swedish scientists Fange and Schmidt-Nilson. It turned out that crocodiles are indeed whiny creatures. But this is caused by an excess of not feelings, but salts. The crocodile developed special glands to remove excess salts from the body; the excretory ducts of these glands are located at the very eyes of the crocodile. So it turns out: these glands began to work - and the crocodile “cried” with flammable salty tears.

So, crocodile tears are not tears of deceit and hypocrisy, yes, strictly speaking, they are not tears at all. But the expression associated with an ancient error lives in the language and will certainly remain in the speech of peoples for many centuries.

And why should the language refuse it? Whether crocodiles cry or not, there are quite a few people who love to shed streams of feigned tears for every reason, tears flowing from human eyes, but in essence the concept is “crocodile”. Phraseologism "Crocodile tears" is a catch phrase.

143. Phraseologism Mutual responsibility

Phraseologism"Circular responsibility". It usually happens like this: if I committed a misconduct, then I am also responsible for it - my friends or neighbors have nothing to do with it.

But in the old Russian village, the law of mutual responsibility was in effect: if one committed a misconduct, the “whole world”, that is, the peasant community, was responsible for it.

If one refused to participate with others in something illegal, according to the authorities, he still had to bear responsibility according to the rule: "one for all, all for one."

Now, of course, nothing like this exists in our country (only the Nazis introduced this barbaric law on the occupied land, shooting and burning entire villages when at least one fascist soldier was killed by someone), but the expression "mutual responsibility" still lives on. True, we use it in a different sense: they talk about it where lawbreakers, out of fear of their comrades, the law, the court, cover each other's crimes. Phraseologism "Mutual responsibility" is a catch phrase.

144. Phraseologism Grain of truth

Phraseologism"A Grain of Truth" use in the meaning - very little truth. Phraseologism "A grain of truth" is a catch phrase.

145. Phraseologism Winged words

Phraseologism"Winged words". Homer expression. He called all words "winged" because from the mouth of the speaker they seem to fly to the ear of the listener. Figurative expressions, quotations and idioms, which we now call winged words, were called so by the German scientist Georg Buchmann on the grounds that they were widely used, flying as if on wings from mouth to mouth.

146. Phraseologism Who would say

Phraseologism"Look who's Talking" use in a situation where the judge himself is in the same situation and acts contrary to his words. Phraseologism "Who would say" is a catch phrase.

147. Phraseologism Who was nothing, he will become everything

Phraseologism "Who was nothing, he will become everything." An ironic phrase about people who undeservedly occupy any high positions, with a hint that they will achieve something more outstanding in life.

The emergence of phraseology - from the poem by Eugene Pottier (1816-1887) "The Internationale" (1871). The words are a paraphrase of famous biblical lines, the words of Jesus Christ: "The first will be the last, and the last will be the first."

148. Phraseologism Who is in the forest, who is for firewood

Phraseologism"Who is in the forest, who is for firewood" use in the meaning - inconsistency in joint actions. The emergence of phraseology - from the fable of I.A. Krylov (1769-1844) "Musicians" (1808). Phraseologism "Who is in the forest, who is for firewood" is a catch phrase.

149. Phraseologism Who seeks - he will always find!

Phraseologism "Who seeks - he will always find!" used as an encouragement when the search for something is too long.

The emergence of phraseology - from the song "Merry Wind", composer I. Dunaevsky, lyrics by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach:

"Who is accustomed to fight for victory,
Together with us, let them sing:
"Who is cheerful - he laughs,
Who wants - he will achieve.
Who seeks will always find".

150. Phraseologism Who is not with us is against us

Phraseologism "Who is not with us is against us" used as a warning to those who take a neutral position.

The emergence of phraseology - from the Bible. The New Testament says, "Whoever is not with Me is against Me, and whoever does not gather with Me squanders."

151. Phraseologism Where the eyes look

Phraseologism"Where the eyes look" use in the meaning - in any direction, anywhere. Phraseologism "Where the eyes look" is a catch phrase.

152. Phraseologism Where a horse with a hoof, there is a crayfish with a claw

Phraseologism"Where a horse with a hoof, there is a cancer with a claw" use in relation to someone who is trying to catch up in some business with someone who is smarter (more important, stronger).

153. Phraseologism Where the curve will take you

Phraseologism"Where the curve will take you" use in the meaning - let it be as it will, as it will happen; let it be. The full form of the expression is where the crooked horse will take you, where the crooked means “lame”. Riding such a horse is a risky business: it may or may not take you to your destination. Phraseologism "Where the curve will take" is a catch phrase.

154. Phraseologism Where Makar did not drive calves

Phraseologism "Where Makar did not drive calves" used in the sense - very far. The name Makar in many proverbs is associated with a poor, unhappy person. Perhaps Makar is a poor, landless peasant, forced to graze other people's calves on the most abandoned and desolate pastures. The place where even Makar did not drive calves is even further away. Before the revolution, the expression was used jokingly about political exile. Phraseologism "Where Makar did not drive calves" is a catch phrase.

155. Phraseologism Kuzkin mother

Phraseologism"Kuzka's mother". Once, an unkind overseas guest heard in a conversation with a Russian the words "show Kuz'kin's mother." "What it is?" he turned to his translator. He puzzled for a long time and finally said: "Show Kuzma's mother." - "And who is Kuzma?" The translator spread his hands.

The difficulty experienced by the translator is quite understandable: after all, idioms are peculiar expressions, indecomposable and unchangeable, the meaning of which does not depend on the meaning of the words that make them up.

So it is in this case. “Kuzkina's mother” is not at all “Kuzma's mother”, but “showing Kuz'kina's mother” does not mean putting her on display or presenting her to guests.

What is the origin of this idiom? It must be admitted that our linguists have not yet made a serious attempt to explain it. Most often, this phraseological unit is associated with unhealthy relations between the owner and employees during mutual settlements and the grievances and threats that arise from this (see the expression "to beat" and "to bite").

Have you heard of the bread bug, which is called "kuzka" by the common people, and Anisoplia austriaca by scientists? This is a small dark green insect with red-brown elytra, rather harmless in appearance. So, at least, those who are not familiar with him think so. In fact, the kuzka, with its voracity, can easily compete with the locust and was therefore considered the most terrible scourge for the peasants.

It flew in clouds on cereals, sucked out young grains of rye, oats and wheat, and, having devastated one district, moved to the next. No matter how they fought with him - they frightened him away with a rope, collected them with his hands, destroyed his eggs and pupae - but all these measures did not bring a visible result. Now they are successfully fighting Kuzka with chemical means, and no one takes him seriously anymore. And earlier, notoriety made the pest bug even the hero of one not very pleasant saying.

To promise someone to “let the kuzka in” meant to cause trouble, annoy, harm (compare the expression “put a pig”).

Well, if the Kuzka is dangerous, then the "Kuzka's mother" is even more dangerous. It is no coincidence that the derivative of the word "mother" - seasoned (enemy, criminal) means: cunning, experienced, notorious, full of strength.

This is how, perhaps, the expression "show Kuz'kin's mother" was born - a synonym for a strict warning, a threat. Perhaps readers know another, more convincing explanation of the phrase being analyzed? That would be great. Phraseologism "Kuzkina mother" is a catch phrase.

156. Phraseologism Bathe in money

Phraseologism"Swim in the money" used in the meaning - to be very rich. Phraseologism "Swimming in money" is a catch phrase.

157. Phraseologism Swim in gold

Phraseologism"Bathing in Gold" used in the meaning - to be very rich. Phraseologism "Bathing in gold" is a catch phrase.

158. Phraseologism Swim in luxury

Phraseologism"Swim in luxury" used in the meaning - to be very rich. Phraseologism "Swim in luxury" is a catch phrase.

159. Phraseologism Kuram laughing

Phraseologism"Chickens for laughter" use in the meaning - funny, no good. Phraseologism "Chickens laugh" is a catch phrase.

160. Phraseologism Smoke incense

Phraseologism"Smoking incense". This is the same as frankincense, a fragrant resin that is burned to obtain fragrant smoke in churches during worship. In ancient times, incense was “burned” not only in front of the altars of the gods, but also during solemn ceremonies at the court. These incense was usually accompanied by praise to the one in whose honor incense was burned, incense was smoked.

“Smoking incense” to this day (now only in a figurative sense) means: to give all kinds of honors, to sing praises, to exorbitantly and enthusiastically praise. For us, this expression is close to such as “sing hallelujah”, “sing akathist”.

161. Phraseologism Chicken paw

Phraseologism"Chicken Paw" use in the meaning - crooked, ugly handwriting. Phraseologism "Chicken paw" is a catch phrase.

162. Phraseologism Hen that lays golden eggs

Phraseologism "The goose that lays golden eggs" applied to something that has the property of bringing a stable income.

The primary source is the fable of the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop (VI century BC) “The goose that lays golden eggs”:

“One man especially honored Hermes, and Hermes gave him a goose that laid golden eggs for this. But he did not have the patience to get rich a little: he decided that the goose inside was all made of gold, and, without thinking twice, stabbed her to death. But even in his expectations he was deceived, and since then he has lost his eggs, because in the goose he found only giblets.

163. Phraseologism Kursk nightingale

Phraseologism"Kursk Nightingale". The nightingale is a favorite bird of the Russian people, a feathered master of the first rank. From time immemorial, there have been connoisseurs of nightingale singing among Russians: they not only subtly understood its “knees”, but strictly distinguished different nightingale “schools”. Nightingales from the central part of Russia, especially from the environs of Kursk, were considered the best craftsmen. Therefore, they were valued above others in the bird market, and the very combination of the words “Kursk nightingale” began to be applied in a commendable sense to excellent singers, and in a mocking sense to sweet-voiced and artsy talkers-talkers.

164. Phraseologism Cook's children

Phraseologism "Kukharkin's children"- about children from poor, low-income families. The emergence of a phraseological unit - "Circular about the cook's children" - the unofficial name of the circular "On the reduction of gymnasium education" (1887), developed by the Minister of Education Ivan Davydovich Delyanov (1818-1897) and subsequently approved by Emperor Alexander III (1845-1894). ).

This circular stipulated that only well-to-do children could be admitted to the gymnasium and progymnasium, and “the children of coachmen, footmen, cooks, laundresses, small shopkeepers and similar people, who, with the exception of perhaps gifted with extraordinary abilities, should not be taken out of an environment to which they belong”, that is, not to be allowed to study.

Bathe in gold Express. Be extremely wealthy; nothing to be denied. - And go, go to him ... Young, but a beggar. Beggar! You, my soul, got used to your life... But I don't hold you, not at all. With me, bathing in gold, you are unhappy, but with him - will you be happy?!(A. Prikhodko. Old husband).

Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .

See what "Bathing in gold" is in other dictionaries:

BATHING IN GOLD- who, what To have huge sums of money, to be fabulously rich. It is understood that the amount of money significantly exceeds the needs of their owner. It means that a person or group, including those united by a common ... ...

bathe- Bathe in gold (colloquial) transl. be extremely wealthy. All her life she dreamed of swimming in gold ... Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language

BATHE- BATHING, BATHING, BATHING, not true. (to go for a swim). Immerse yourself in water (bath, river, sea) for washing or for health or pleasure. He bathes daily. Bathing, he swam, dived, floundered, splashed. ❖… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

bathe- vb., nsv., use. comp. often Morphology: I bathe, you bathe, he/she/it bathes, we bathe, you bathe, they bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe, bathe; St. bathe…… Dictionary of Dmitriev

bathe- ayus, aeshsya; nsv. 1. (St. to bathe; colloquially to swim). Plunging into the water, washing, swimming, splashing. K. on the lake, in the river, in the sea. K. in the bath. K. until blue in the face (for a very long time, until the body becomes very cold). K. in gold (to be extremely ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

bathe- a / I am, a / eat; nsv. see also bathing, bathing 1) (sv. you / swim; colloquial, swim / be) Plunging into the water, wash, swim, splash. Bathe / swim on the lake, in the river, in the sea. Ku… Dictionary of many expressions

gold- a; cf. 1. Chemical element (Au), noble heavy soft malleable yellow metal (widely used in industry, medicine, jewelry, etc.). Get h. Store h. in ingots. Put on dental crowns made of gold. Change ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

gold- a; cf. see also gold, gold, gold 1) Chemical element (Au), noble heavy soft malleable metal of yellow color (widely used in industry, medicine, jewelry, etc.) Extract gold / lotto. Keep s… Dictionary of many expressions

bathe- ayus, aeshsya; nesov. (owl. to swim and dil. to swim1). Plunging into the water, washing, swimming, splashing. If only I knew how to swim, I would swim, gazing intently at the river, Lenka declared. M. Gorky, Grandfather Arkhip and Lenka. On the shore under ... ... Small Academic Dictionary

What is "BATHING IN GOLD"? What is the correct spelling of this word. Concept and interpretation.

BATHING IN GOLD who, what To have huge sums of money, to be fabulously rich. It is understood that the amount of money significantly exceeds the needs of their owner. This means that a person or group, including persons united by a common activity, a social team (X), an organization, an enterprise (Z) does not experience the slightest lack of financial resources, does not need money. speech standard. ? X Z is bathed in gold. Nominal part invariable. In the role of a tale The order of component words is not fixed. ? So, in order for your desires to coincide with your capabilities, you need to work a little for this. ... This is a whole life school. And in it, as in any school, there are successful and lagging behind. Not everyone can swim in gold, ... but you can strive for this. Fund "Financial well-being", 2002.? Gold nuggets began to appear on the streets of Moscow. Muscovites literally bathe in gold. Stop sitting at the computer - a shovel in your hands and out into the street. Don't forget to buy a ticket to Moscow if you're not there yet. Take part in this celebration of life. Forum "Latest News", 2002. April had everything: rich and noble parents, a huge house in a beautiful place, a millionaire grandmother, and an aristocratic groom just bathed in gold. www.sova.kg - Let's drink to the good news: Christopher has been appointed manager. - Congratulations. And this, by the way, promises not only honor and respect .... - Yes, he will just bathe in gold. x / f "Death under sail". They say that Russia is a country with raw materials, and if, they say, all our natural resources are sold at the root, at least ten generations will bathe in gold. Club of Regional Journalism, 2002. If you add up budget funds and grant investments, and then divide by the number of servicemen who benefited from all these programs, it turns out that each of the former soldiers should be "bathing in gold." Nega-network, 2002. ? - And you are still thinking whether you should marry Chris or not?! He is a millionaire, you go to the States, you will swim in gold. - I don't like him. And I don't want to go anywhere. S. Maksimova, Two. ? [Negoro:] Is it money? We will have a lot of money. We will bathe in gold. x / f "Captain" Pilgrim "". ? Ore gold is mined here, golden sand is washed, forests abound with soft "gold". But to say that the population of the territory is bathed in gold is impossible. www. figur. The Central Bank [Central Bank] is swimming in gold. The gold and foreign exchange reserves of the Bank of Russia again began to grow rapidly. As of the last reporting date, they amounted to 39.4 billion dollars - this is an absolute record. Pravda Severa, 2002. Most of these workshops literally bathe in gold, while industrial enterprises barely make ends meet. www. tbc-sputnik. ru. However, progress does not stand still, and someday the calculations of those who invested in the "new economy" must be justified. But only a few of the thousands of firms that bet on the Internet will survive. And those who survive will still bathe in gold. International Eurasian Institute for Economic and Political Studies, 2001. cultural commentary: The image of phraseology. goes back to the most ancient forms of understanding the world and through the gold component correlates with the natural-thing code of culture, i.e. with the totality of substances and objects that exist in nature, which, in addition to their natural properties, carry meanings that are functionally significant for culture. Since ancient times, gold has had an ambiguous symbolism (see commentary on THE GOLDEN AGE). In this case, the image of phraseology. reflects the most ancient mythological ideas, in which gold, due to its natural properties (durability, beauty), as well as its high cost, rarity, is interpreted as a symbol of wealth and abundance, which, in turn, are associated with ideas of share, fate, luck. cf. folklore fairy-tale texts, in which everything related to the “other world” can have a golden color (the Firebird with golden feathers sits in a golden cage; the horse has a golden bridle; the garden of Elena the Beautiful is surrounded by a golden fence, golden apples grow there and there are golden palaces) , since the "other world" is associated in ancient ideas with wealth, abundance, with the image of a happy sunny country. The verb to bathe, which belongs to the activity code of culture, reflects the stereotypical idea of ​​the complete immersion of the subject in a liquid substance, which significantly exceeds the immersed body in volume, and in combination with the gold component is included in a metaphor that creates an image of incalculable, incalculable wealth, the size of which far exceeds the needs its owner. phraseol. in general, reflects a stereotypical idea of ​​abundance and material security.