Composition according to the proverb “The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it. Essays on proverbs Composition on a proverb Away is good, but home is better

The Russian language is very rich in proverbs and sayings. One of them sounds like this: “The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it.” This phrase has a very correct meaning, and everyone should remember it. The meaning of the proverb can be expressed in a few words: never return what was said. Before you say something, you need to think carefully.

It often happens that during a big quarrel people say ugly, angry words. When they reconcile, they regret it, but it's too late. And a person will remember for a long time not only a quarrel, but also those bad expressions that were said. Without thinking, you can accidentally blurt out someone's secret. One friend entrusted some secret, asked never to tell anyone. And when talking with another friend, you can accidentally blurt out too much. Then you repent very much and ask for forgiveness, but nothing can be fixed. Everyone will now know the secret, and it will be very unpleasant for a friend. You need to watch your language even when you are joking. You can accidentally say such a barb that a person will be very offended. After all, everyone has some feelings in their souls, and stupid witticism will hurt them. The person will be very worried and upset. That's how good friends fight. You can't talk nonsense in the company of people either. Acquaintances may misunderstand and stop communicating. And tell others your wrong opinion.

This proverb reminds me very much of another well-known proverb: "Speech is silver, silence is gold." When you say something, it can be good and interesting. But if you can keep silent about something that is not worth saying at this moment, then it will be much better. Sometimes they say, “I take back my words,” but in fact, nothing can be taken back. You should always remember this and never say words that can offend others or make them think badly of you.

• It was a foggy autumn morning. I walked through the forest deep in thought. I walked slowly, slowly, and the wind fluttered my scarf and leaves hanging from high branches. They swayed in the wind and seemed to be talking peacefully about something. What were those leaves whispering about? Perhaps they whispered about the past summer and the hot rays of the sun, without which now they have become so yellow and dry. Perhaps they were trying to call for cool streams that could give them drink and bring them back to life. Perhaps they were whispering about me. But only a whisper […]
• Lake Baikal is known all over the world. It is known for being the largest and deepest lake in the world. The water in the lake is drinkable, so it is very valuable. Water in Baikal is not only drinking, but also medicinal. It is saturated with minerals and oxygen, so its use has a positive effect on human health. Baikal is located in a deep depression and is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges. The area near the lake is very beautiful and has rich flora and fauna. Also, many species of fish live in the lake – almost 50 […]
• I live in a green and beautiful country. It's called Belarus. Her unusual name speaks of the purity of these places and unusual landscapes. They exude peace, spaciousness and kindness. And from this I want to do something, enjoy life and admire nature. There are a lot of rivers and lakes in my country. They gently splash in the summer. In the spring, their sonorous murmur is heard. In winter, the mirror surface attracts ice skating enthusiasts. Yellow leaves glide across the water in autumn. They talk about the imminent cooling and the upcoming hibernation. […]
• Autumn beauty in a bright dress. In summer, rowan is invisible. It merges with other trees. But in autumn, when the trees are dressed in yellow outfits, it can be seen from afar. Bright red berries attract the attention of people and birds. People admire the tree. Birds feast on his gifts. Even in winter, when snow is whitening everywhere, mountain ash pleases with its juicy tassels. Her images can be found on many New Year's cards. Artists love mountain ash because it makes winter more fun and colorful. They love wood and poets. Her […]
• There are many wonderful professions, and each of them is undoubtedly necessary for our world. Someone builds buildings, someone extracts useful resources for the country, someone helps people dress stylishly. Any profession, like any person, is completely different, but all of them must certainly eat. That is why such a profession as a cook appeared. At first glance, it may seem that the kitchen is an uncomplicated area. What's so difficult about cooking? But in fact, the art of cooking is one of […]
• Since childhood, my parents have told me that our country is the largest and strongest in the world. At school, in the classroom, the teacher and I read a lot of poems dedicated to Russia. And I believe that every Russian should be proud of his Motherland. We are proud of our grandparents. They fought against the Nazis so that today we could live in a quiet and peaceful world, so that we, their children and grandchildren, would not be affected by the arrow of war. My Motherland has not lost a single war, and if things were bad, Russia would still […]
• The Great Patriotic War ended a long time ago. It was ruthless and the bloodiest war of the twentieth century. But even now there are those who remember that war among us, these are veterans. There are very few of them left. At a time when they were young, a little bit older than us, they defended their homeland from a cruel enemy in the Soviet army. I am interested in the stories of veteran Leonid Ivanovich Kulikov about military service and the Great Patriotic War. Now Leonid Ivanovich is a retired colonel, his entire tunic is in awards: […]
• What is the world? To live in the world is the most important thing that can be on Earth. No war will make people happy, and even by increasing their own territories, at the cost of war, they do not become richer morally. After all, no war is complete without death. And those families where they lose their sons, husbands and fathers, even if they know that they are heroes, will still never enjoy victory, having received the loss of a loved one. Only peace can achieve happiness. Only through peaceful negotiations should the rulers of different countries communicate with the people and […]
• Since childhood, we go to school and study different subjects. Some believe that this is an unnecessary business and only takes away free time that can be spent on computer games and something else. I think differently. There is a Russian proverb: "Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness." This means that for those who learn a lot of new things and strive for this, a bright road to the future opens up ahead. And those who are lazy and do not study at school will remain all their lives in the darkness of stupidity and ignorance. People who aspire to […]
• My grandmother's name is Irina Aleksandrovna. She lives in the Crimea, in the village of Koreiz. Every summer my parents and I go to visit her. I really like living with my grandmother, walking along the narrow streets and green alleys of Miskhor and Koreiz, sunbathing on the beach and swimming in the Black Sea. Now my grandmother is retired, and earlier she worked as a nurse in a sanatorium for children. Sometimes she took me to work with her. When grandmother put on a white coat, she became strict and a little alien. I helped her take the temperature of the children - carry […]
• Our speech consists of many words, thanks to which any thought can be conveyed. For ease of use, all words are divided into groups (parts of speech). Each of them has its own name. Noun. This is a very important part of speech. It means: an object, a phenomenon, a substance, a property, an action and a process, a name and a name. For example, rain is a natural phenomenon, a pen is an object, running is an action, Natalya is a female name, sugar is a substance, and temperature is a property. Many other examples could be given. Names […]
• Our whole life is governed by certain sets of rules, the absence of which can provoke anarchy. Just imagine if the rules of the road, the constitution and the criminal code, the rules of conduct in public places are canceled, chaos will begin. The same applies to speech etiquette. Today, many people do not attach much importance to the culture of speech, for example, in social networks you can increasingly meet young people who write illiterately, on the street - illiterate and rudely communicating. I think this is a problem […]
• Since ancient times, language has helped people understand each other. A person has repeatedly thought about why he is needed, who invented him and when? And why is it different from the language of animals and other peoples. Unlike the signal cry of animals, with the help of language, a person can convey a whole range of emotions, his mood, information. Depending on the nationality, each person has his own language. We live in Russia, so our native language is Russian. Russian is spoken by our parents, friends, as well as great writers […]
• Language ... How much meaning carries one word of five letters. With the help of language, a person from early childhood gets the opportunity to know the world, convey emotions, communicate his needs, and communicate. A language arose in the distant prehistoric period, when our ancestors needed, during joint work, to convey their thoughts, feelings, desires to their relatives. With its help, we can now study any objects, phenomena, the world around us, and over time improve our knowledge. We've got […]
• It was a beautiful day - June 22, 1941. People were going about their usual business when the terrible news sounded - the war began. On this day, fascist Germany, which had conquered Europe up to this point, attacked Russia as well. No one doubted that our Motherland would be able to defeat the enemy. Thanks to patriotism and heroism, our people were able to survive this terrible time. In the period from 41 to 45 years of the last century, the country lost millions of people. They fell victim to relentless battles for territory and power. Neither […]
• Today, the Internet is in almost every home. On the Internet you can find a lot of very useful information for study or for something else. Many people watch movies and play games on the Internet. Also, on the Internet you can find a job or even new friends. The Internet helps to keep in touch with relatives and friends who live far away. Thanks to the Internet, you can contact them at any moment. Mom often cooks delicious dishes that she found on the Internet. Also, the Internet will help those who like to read, but […]
• Friendship is a mutual, vivid feeling, in no way inferior to love. Friendship is not only necessary, it is simply necessary to be friends. After all, not a single person in the world can live all his life alone, a person, both for personal growth and for spiritual, simply needs communication. Without friendship, we begin to withdraw into ourselves, suffer from misunderstanding and understatement. For me, a close friend is equated to a brother, sister. Such relationships are not afraid of any problems, life's hardships. Everyone has their own understanding of […]
• Native and the best in the world, my Russia. This summer, my parents and sister and I went on vacation to the sea in the city of Sochi. There were several other families where we lived. A young couple (they recently got married) came from Tatarstan, they said that they met when they worked on the construction of sports facilities for the Universiade. In the room next to us lived a family with four small children from Kuzbass, their father is a miner, extracts coal (he called it "black gold"). Another family came from the Voronezh region, […]
• The Poetry Boom of the Sixties of the 20th Century The sixties of the 20th century were the time of the rise of Russian poetry. Finally, a thaw came, many prohibitions were lifted, and the authors were able to express their opinions openly, without fear of reprisals and expulsions. Collections of poems began to appear so often that, perhaps, there was never such a "publishing boom" in the field of poetry, either before or after. "Business cards" of this time - B. Akhmadulina, E. Yevtushenko, R. Rozhdestvensky, N. Rubtsov, and, of course, the bard-rebel […]
• My home is my castle. It's true! It does not have thick walls and towers. But my small and friendly family lives in it. My house is a simple apartment with windows. From the fact that my mother always jokes, and my father plays along with her, the walls of our apartment are always filled with light and warmth. I have an older sister. We don't always get along, but I still miss my sister's laugh. After school, I want to run home on the steps of the entrance. I know I'll open the door and smell Mom and Dad's shoe polish. I will step over […]

HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY ON A PROVERB?

Each word of the topic (title of the essay) should be clear to the students. When the idea of ​​the topic is expressed by a proverb, it is necessary to interpret the allegories and comparisons that hide the idea of ​​the topic. For example, in the proverb:“The root of the doctrine is bitter, but its fruits are sweet” the “root” means the beginning of learning, when the student learns only the elements, dry trifles, the technique of science, which in themselves do not represent anything interesting and lively, but are necessary for future success; "bitter" - unpleasant, difficult, difficult; "fruits" - the consequences of teaching, knowledge, all-round development; "sweet" - elevate a person, morally provide him with an honorable position in society, even affect the improvement of material well-being. The meaning of the proverb: no matter how difficult the teaching, but the benefits of a good education are incalculable.

“A pitcher will get into the habit of walking on water, and there he will lay down his head.” The meaning of the proverb is hidden in its allegorical form: a “jug” means a person; the expression: "gets into the habit of walking on water" - means an acquired habit; “There he lays down his head” - indicates that the proverb implies a bad habit and claims that bad habits do not lead to good. The meaning of the proverb: who had the imprudence to acquire bad habits, he will inevitably become their victim.

"Patience and a little effort"

1] Explanation of the main concepts of the proposal.

"Patience" - resigned transfer of misfortunes, failures.

Here the word signifies diligence;

"work" - hard work;

“grind” denotes the activity of a millstone, which turns hard and large grain into the smallest and softest flour; in the proverb "grind" is a metaphor.

The result of the explanation: constant, patient labor, guided by love for the intended goal, little by little overcomes all obstacles, processing them for its own purposes, like a millstone grinding dry and hard grains into flour. The power of patient labor is irresistible.

2] Topic analysis.

There are people who think that they cannot achieve anything - either due to lack of ability, or lack of funds, or because others block their way everywhere, circumstances interfere. But the proverb says that patient work overcomes everything!

Hence there are two points of view. Some rely in everything on happiness, nature, circumstances, they are waiting for help from outside, while others think that it is in themselves, the search for means and the ability to overcome difficulties depend on them. But there are also people who speak contemptuously about tedious work, considering it prosaic, boring, painful, humiliating. The proverb looks at labor differently: patience and labor make a person the master of his fate, give him freedom, exalt him in his own eyes and in the opinion of others, lead him to happiness, give him the strength to overcome what seems insurmountable.

Sometimes the meaning of the topic, if it is expressed by a historical proverb or someone's saying, is clarified with the help of history or the circumstances that accompanied this saying. For example, the proverb “Moscow does not believe in tears” can be correctly understood only through the historical circumstances that gave rise to it.

Learning to write miniature essays

Preparatory exercises

Do not force children to copy the entire exercise in a notebook. I strongly recommend that you write down only the answers to the questions and tasks given in the exercises in your creativity notebook. When performing preparatory exercises, it is good to use the technique of working in pairs. Children discuss tasks with a neighbor on the desk, write them down. Group work is also good. You can include an element of competition. Which group will complete the task faster and more correctly? Children are very fond of pair and group activities.

We talk about a given topic

Describe the weather in autumn.

With what moment of the day can autumn be compared?

With what age can autumn be compared?

What lines of poetry can you remember in autumn when you look at the sky? To the sun? At the thought of birds? Looking at the leaves? To the forest?

What epithets do you remember from poems or stories about autumn?

What colors prevail in autumn in nature?

What pictures can be drawn in autumn?

What sayings and riddles about autumn do you know?

In the paintings of which artists you can see autumn landscapes?

What is the weather like in autumn?

What other autumn changes have you observed?

An exercise. Discuss these questions with your partner.

Describe the state of nature in winter.

Remember fairy tales about winter.

What verses can be remembered at the sight of trees showered with snow? At the sight of frozen rivers, icicles? Snow or snowflakes?

What epithets about winter from poems do you remember?

What weather prevails in winter?

What colors prevail in winter?

What pictures can be drawn in winter?

What is the happiest moment in winter?

What stories can you write about winter?

What time of the day can winter be compared to? At what age?

What sayings and proverbs do you know about winter? What riddles?

Pictures of which artists with winter landscapes do you know?

What is the state of fields, trees, ponds, animals, birds, insects in winter?

An exercise. Discuss these questions with your partner.

Name the state of nature in spring.

What is spring called in fairy tales?

What do people call spring?

What spring holidays do you know?

Which one do you consider to be the real holiday of spring?

How do people celebrate spring?

What signs of spring do you know?

What verses do you remember when you look at the melting snow? At the sight of the first flower? blossoming greenery? sun? herbs? birds?

Which verses speak of changes in the house in the spring?

What poems do you know about May flowers?

Which bird is the singer of May?

What moment of the day can you compare spring to? At what age?

What pictures can be seen in spring?

Pictures of which artists with spring landscapes do you know?

What is the weather like in spring?

What is the mood of people?

What sayings and riddles do you know about spring?

What is the most beautiful moment of spring?

What other changes have you noticed in nature
in the spring?

An exercise. Discuss these questions with your partner.

1 . Name the state of nature in summer.

2. What do people call summer?

Z. In which fairy tales does the action take place in the summer?

4. What verses do you remember in the summer when you see a strawberry clearing? Riverside on a hot day? A shady corner in the park? When is the warm summer rain?

5. What epithets from poems and stories about summer do you remember? What moment of the day is summer compared to? What age is associated with summer?

What colors can be found in nature in summer?

What kind of pictures do you want to draw in the summer?

What artists who captured summer on their canvases do you know?

What proverbs and sayings about summer do you know?

What signs of summer can you name?

What is the weather like most in summer? What mood does it evoke in people?

What is your favorite moment in summer?

What changes in nature can be observed from the beginning to the end of summer?

An exercise. On each of these topics, compose three mini-texts expressing different moods:

mundane

sad

joyful
Sample. I am sitting at home.

All these days I sit at home and read a book.

Unfortunately, I must forfeit my usual walks in the woods and sit at home these days. I hurt my leg.

Finally, I was freed from all the many cases! Now I can safely sit at home.

Topics for mini-texts

He left.

Tomorrow is the first day of vacation.

I'm going to the cottage.

It's raining.

The sun bakes.

We have guests.

They gave me a controlled helicopter.

My bithsday is coming soon.

An exercise. Discuss the meaning of these proverbs with your partner.

Summer is in store, and winter is picked up.

In autumn - jelly and pancakes, and in spring - sit and look.

Take care of your nose in a big frost.

Everyone is young in the winter cold.

Summer day - feeds the year.

Do not pray for a long summer, pray for a warm one.

There is a lot of snow - and a lot of bread.

Spring time - ate, and from the yard.

Spring is red during the day.

Spring is red, summer is miserable.

Red spring, but hungry.

Spring is red with flowers, autumn is sheaves.

Fear the wolf in winter, and flies in summer.

Rainy summer is worse than autumn.

Summer has passed, but the sun has not burned.

Are you reading carefully?

An exercise. Read the poem out loud.

I love the forest path

I don’t know where, wander;

double deep gauge

you go - and there is no end of the road ...

Green forest is all around;

autumn maples are already blushing,

and the spruce forest is green and shady; about

aspen yellow sounds the alarm;

a leaf fell off a birch,

and, like a carpet, covered the road ...

You walk as if on water,

the foot makes noise ... and the ear listens

the slightest rustle in the thicket, there,

where the lush fern slumbers,

and a row of red fly agarics,

that fabulous dwarfs are sleeping ...

Already the sun's ray falls obliquely ...

The river peeped in the distance...

On a shaking mill wheels

They are already making noise...

Here comes the road

a heavy cart will flash

suddenly in the sun, then it will go into the shade,

And shouting helps the nag

an old man, and a child in a cart,

and the granddaughter comforts the grandfather with fear;

and, fluffy tail down,

Bug bustles around barking,

and loudly in the dusk of the forest, a cheerful barking goes around.

A. Maykov

Title the poem.

What season is described in the poem? Discuss with your desk mate what kind of month this could be.

Write out all the signs of a given time of year from the poem and add from yourself those that are not mentioned here.

Orally draw the picture depicted in the poem.

What moment of this picture do you consider the most beautiful?

Write a story based on this poem. "Grandfather and Granddaughter Journey"

7. Explain the meaning of the words and replace them with synonyms. Walk, rut, sound the alarm, heeds, the fern is dozing, fabulous dwarfs.

An exercise. Read the text expressively.

The spring sun shines brightly. Quiet around. Only the birds are flooded, chirping in the bushes. The hare plucked up courage and brought her rabbits to the clearing to jump, pinch the fresh grass. It’s good for the hares, the sun warms them, they nibble grass, gnaw on young tree shoots, feast on clover, play among themselves, and their mother, a gray hare, sits quietly, looks around and listens to see if any trouble threatens them. And her ears are large and sensitive, they hear the slightest rustle.

Other animals and birds call their cubs to them with a light cry or grunt, and a timid hare does not even dare to utter a word; she has a special conversation with the children: the mother will move her long ears a little, and the children already understand her. So she became alert, she heard some kind of noise - is the fox sneaking up on them? She rose restlessly on her hind legs, stretched out her head and wiggled her ears. The children also became worried, quickly moved their ears, - jump! - and the whole family was already rushing without looking back into the forest. The mother ran ahead, and a bright white spot on the skin under her short tail indicated to the children where to run.

In one minute they were already in the most remote thicket of their native forest, and the whole family was lying in a hole under a thick hazel tree, pressed tightly to the ground.

Thus they lay until night. At night, when everything was quiet around and the moon rose, the hare took her children out of the lair and led them to the garden to profit from cabbage and carrots.

Every day the rabbits became smarter. They soon learned all the hare science, learned to recognize food, learned the way to the garden and the grain field, learned to find secluded corners and hide in them so that not a single animal could find them, learned to cunningly obfuscate their tracks. Then the hare left them: now they will live without a mother.

Title the text.

Draw orally the pictures depicted in the text.

What part of the text do you find the most exciting? Beautiful? Joyful?

Write a story based on this text on behalf of a mother hare or on behalf of a hare.

Explain the meaning of the words and replace them with antonyms. They fill up, utter a word, pricked up their ears, without looking back, profit, secluded.

An exercise. Read the text expressively.

On hot days I liked to climb into the woods. It was nice, cool, quiet there! Here is a white birch shaking with its thin branches, here are dark fir trees huddled together. Here is a beautiful, straight pine trunk, and there the aspens are trembling with their leaves. I lie quietly, watching and listening. Some kind of bug crawls in the grass, an ant drags a straw and can’t get over the spine with it. So he ran, fussed and went to call for help from a comrade. Together, they easily carried the straw.

Here I hear over my head: knock-knock. I raise my head and see: a motley, rather large bird is running high up the trunk of a tree, knocking with its nose and catching worms and bugs. But not far away, a cuckoo cuckooed. I've been trying to figure it out for a long time, but I just can't. She is already a very cautious bird, deftly knows how to hide in the branches of a tree and never lets her close.

A cone fell on me from a tree. I raised my head, peered and examined the fluffy tail and pointed muzzle of the squirrel. The squirrel noticed me, looked at me carefully, quickly hid behind a tree trunk, then climbed onto a branch and suddenly jumped to another tree, and from it to a third one and instantly disappeared from my eyes.

Somewhere far away, the cries of the guys were heard: “Ho-ho-ho! catch the slanting one! ”, And suddenly a hare jumped out of the forest at me from a run. He stopped in fright, sat down on his hind legs, quickly twitched his ears and rushed to the side.

Oh, how good, how fun it is in the forest - you can see enough of something there!

Title the text.

What season is described in the text? Discuss with your desk mate what kind of month this could be.

Write out all the signs of a given time from the text and add from yourself those that are not mentioned here.

Orally draw a picture depicted in the text.

What moment of the picture do you think is the most beautiful?

Based on this text, write a story on behalf of forest dwellers - squirrels or a hare.

Replace the underlined words in the phrases with synonyms.

AThot days,white Birch,straight trunk,tremble leaves,fluffy tail,pointy muzzle,got over on a branchother wood,rushed to the side.

Working with words and phrases

An exercise. Compare the lexical meanings of the words in the pair. Make up phrases with each of the verbs.
Fly - Fly. Take away - Take away.

Take off - Take off. Draw - Draw.

An exercise. Compare the lexical meanings of the words in the pair. Make up phrases with each of the verbs. Grab - Grab. Run - Run. Write - Write. Sit - Sit.

An exercise. Assign to each noun 3 verbs that denote the sounds made.

The wind howls,…,…, leaves…,…,…, river…,…,…, bell…,…,…, gate…,…,…, forest…,…,…, clock…,…,…, stream …,…,….

We work with offers

An exercise. Choose the right words, put them in the correct form and put them into sentences.

A farmer... a verdant field with a glance. Baby... ball in the water, [drop, throw]

Through ... we entered the courtyard. In the church, the royal ... are decorated with fine carvings, [gates, gates]

Thief... into the house. Cat... up a tree, [climb, climb]

It is necessary ... doors and ... chest, [open, open]

The field was cut deep .... We stood at a steep .... [ravine, cliff]

An exercise. Choose the right words, put them in the right form and put them into sentences.

The dressmaker had to... everything she sewed. Mom... the wrong part of the sweater, [unravel, rip]

In November, frost hit, and all the rivers ... . Travelers ... with the dawn and moved on, [get up, become]

The car had to... a heavy trailer. He was so tired that he had to... by the arms, [carry, lead]

Rye ... in April, potatoes ... a little later, [plant, sow]

Frost beat the apple trees.... the sunflower is always facing the sun, [color, flower]

They dug up apple trees for planting .... Water flowed from the river to the garden .... Deep surrounded the castle .... [ditch, ditch, pit]

An exercise.

The sculptor worked on... marble. A lovely vase fell and broke into small pieces.... The sea washed ashore... a lost ship. Grandmother cut her finger ... glass and tied it clean ....

Reference words: fragment, fragment, piece, flap, shards.

An exercise. Replace the dots with the appropriate words.

For the summer, the troops left the barracks for .... The travelers decided to make for the night .... The army was approaching the enemy .... Gypsy ... spread along the road.

Reference words: camp, camp, halt, camp.

An exercise. Replace the dots with the appropriate words.

In the camp, soldiers live in .... For the prince, in the shade of trees, they broke ... . I could see on the field ..., a watchman lived in it.

Reference words: tent, hut, tent.

An exercise.

Scientists have found a rocky city in the mountains.

In that battle, he was wounded by a hostile bullet.

We sunbathed on the sandy beach.

A new deep well was dug in the village.

Mom cooked an idle dinner.

A well-fed wolf will not kill game.

It was a very successful trip - we managed to return before dark.

An exercise. Find and fix the mistake. Think of a sentence in which the corrected word will be used correctly.

Russula is an edible mushroom.

The city authorities provided the victims with free food and temporary housing.

This animal has short legs and a long tail.

Seryozha was appointed head of the floor.

The ancient book contains a hidden meaning.

This road is very cautious - it runs along the very edge of the gorge.

Mom asked Katya to put on a hat.

An exercise. Find and fix the mistake. Think of a sentence in which the corrected word will be used correctly.

Our neighbor is a malicious and impolite person.

These are simple and easy to understand words.

He had marshy boots.

To make the house warmer, grandfather put bifurcated frames.

There is a thrifty exit in the eastern part of the building.

He made an unfortunate reply in writing.

In a foreign land, he learned a new profession.

An exercise *. With each of the words in brackets, think of your own sentence according to the model and write it down. Think about the meaning of the sentences and words written in brackets, then you can correctly complete this task.

All the cars started up. Unauthorized persons are not allowed to enter this park. (In move. Enter.]

Nothing like this is visible from the distance. From a distance I thought it was a bear. (From afar. From a distance.]

Finally, a ship appeared from the horizon. A fly settled on the end of the pencil. (Finally. Finally.]

One guest was followed by another. I kicked right into his footprint. (Following Next]

Victor came to the resort with the whole family. Grandfather decided to leave the village altogether. (Quite quite.]

We work with texts, develop speech

1. The children went to the forest. Frightened. They ran into the woods. Lost. Evening has come. The forester found frightened children.

2. The boy was given a puppy. The puppy grew up and became very attached to the boy. One day the boy was playing by the river, fell into the water and began to drown. The dog pulled him out of the water.

An exercise. Share these short stories and title them.

My comrades and I glued together a beautiful, large kite. The whole company went to let the kite into the field. They ran with the kite to the forest. The snake caught on a tree.

I went to school yesterday. There was ice and a blizzard. I fell on the street and hurt myself badly.

An exercise. Share these short stories and title them.

Yesterday our class went on an excursion to the museum. We learned a lot. We were brought home in the evening.

The pet store bought me a hamster. I fed him and protected him from the cat.

An exercise. Share these short stories and title them.

Mom set the table. I helped her. We sat down to dinner as a family. On New Year's Eve, I found a bundle under the tree. It was an interesting game. In the evening, my parents and brother and I played it.

We write essays-miniatures according to plans

Developing a child's written language is not an easy task. Do not be surprised if, even after a detailed discussion of the plan, the student writes only one sentence in his essay. In no case do not scold the baby.

If the work of writing mini-essays is carried out systematically 2-3 times a week, then in a couple of weeks even the most intractable will write down.

It is very important not to pay attention to the abundance of spelling errors. Do not correct them with a red pen. You can sometimes underline some of them in the discussion with a pencil. An elementary school student is still too young to describe the feelings that overwhelmed him beautifully and to follow his literacy.

As little as possible, ask to write essays at home. Parents will still write. In the best case, the child will write, and the parents will criticize, give advice, etc. All this does not allow true creativity to develop.

Plans for compositions-miniatures

An exercise. Beginning of the school year. (The topic can be developed in the form of a letter to a friend.)

Memories of past holidays and interesting events during them.

School fees.

Impressions on the way to school.

School, general impression.

First impressions of meeting with classmates.

The first days of class life.

A look at the upcoming school year.

An exercise. river in summer

General view of the river. Features of the flow.

Color, temperature and condition of water.

What do the coasts look like?

Fish and birds that inhabit the water and shores.

Man, his structures, activities and sensations on the river.

The benefits and harms of the river in summer for the environment
childbirth and man.

An exercise Musical instruments

The age of human use of musical instruments as a result of human need for music.

Primitive tools of savages, their device, material; quality and richness of sounds.

Further improvement of instruments among civilized peoples: string instruments, wind instruments and others.

Musical instruments in our time: their types, device and scope.

Playing one or another instrument, the preparation and skill necessary for it.

Importance of music in human life.

An exercise. Autumn migration of birds and their spring return

1. Reasons for birds to leave their homeland:

a] the need to shelter from the cold;

b] inability to get food.

2. Preparing birds for flight to warmer climes:

a) grouping in flocks;

b] choice of leaders.

3. Flight of birds to warmer climes:

a] the sequence in which different kinds of birds fly off;

b] how flocks of various birds are arranged in flight;

c] where birds flying to the south rest.

4. Our birds in warm regions:

a) lead a nomadic lifestyle;

b) live alone; songs are not sung; do not make nests; children are not taken out.

5. Return flight of birds:

a] the sequence of returns of various species of migratory birds;

b] the joyful mood of returning birds (singing, nesting, incubation of eggs).

6. Conclusion:

a] what impression does the annual departure and arrival of birds make on you?

b] the difficulties and dangers of the autumn flight,

An exercise. School and life (similarity)

1. School prepares people for life:

a] gives the knowledge necessary in life;

b] teaches to think, which means - - to consciously relate to life;

c] disciplines the mind and will.

2. Life is a continuation of school:

a] expands people's knowledge with new necessary information [examples];

b] disciplines the mind and will of people even more [why?];

c] turns school rules in relation to himself and others into the laws of human relations, binding on everyone.

3. Conclusion. School provides good preparation for adult life.

An exercise. Ice drift on the river

Gradually the flood water comes.

The ice rises and separates from the coast.

The ice breaks into smaller ice floes.

Ice movement:

a) the river overflows its banks;

b] noise and crackling from moving ice;

c] there is a flood from the flood of the river;

d) picture of ice drift (in detail).

The river returns to its banks.

Disasters from particularly severe river floods.

What impression does ice drift make?
An exercise. Friend is known in trouble

Who can be called a true friend?

How many such friends can be found among the acquaintances of each of the people?

Which of the people around can be safely called our true friend (“There is no sweeter friend, like a dear mother” - a proverb) and why?

Very few of the people around us only more or less come close to the concept of a "true friend" (and in exactly what sense).

How can you understand whether this person is your friend or not? From what is it visible? And can friends be expected to support in misfortune?

Friends should be chosen with great care, remembering that "all friends and buddies until a rainy day" and that "an old friend is better than two new ones."

Making plans for texts

In order for a child to study easily, well and with pleasure in secondary school in such subjects as literature, geography, history, botany, biology, astronomy, MHC, and other humanities, he must learn in primary school to correctly plan for texts. Such a plan will help to remember and retell the text of any complexity and length.

The scheme for drawing up a plan according to the text is as follows.

1. First, the text is divided into logical paragraphs.

2. Then the main idea of ​​each paragraph is highlighted and written down. In brackets in some paragraphs of the plan, you can write down key words - complex words for writing, numbers, dates, names, surnames.

After writing the plan, it is very important that 2-3 students retell the content of the story according to the points of the plan and the key words.

Texts

An exercise. Read the text.

Hunting for wild horses

I once hunted wild horses; I was riding, I see: in the distance a wild horse is grazing, and next to it is a foal. I drove them, and I keep the lasso at the ready. The horse saw me, neighed and rushed to run with her foal. Nearby were cliffs, stones and woods. The horse drove the foal into the gorge, and she herselfrushed straight at me, then rushed to the side; I follow her. I realized that she wanted to take me away from the foal. Suddenly I hear a foal neighing plaintively. The horse answered and turned to the call of the cub, forgetting about me. I looked up andhad seen over the cliff of a huge eagle, which descended lower and lower. I galloped to the gorge and see: the foal is lying, and the eagle is circling right above it. The mother horse next to the cub rears up, stomps its hooves, clicks its teeth, covered in soap, its eyes are red, wild. I'm sorry I got poor. I aimed and fired at the eagle. Hecried out and, flapping its wings with difficulty,to go down to the ground. I turned the horse, leaving both mother and cub alone.

Divide the text into paragraphs.

Plan the text.

Find synonyms for the underlined words.

Instead of the last paragraph, come up with your own ending.

What other animals protect their cubs and distract pursuers?

Why are hunters forbidden to hunt animals during the period when females are nursing their cubs?

An exercise. Read the text.

Forest and garden

The garden looks like a forest. The similarity lies in the fact that in the forest and in the garden - trees, bushes, grass. The forest usually grows without the participation of human labor, and the garden, on the contrary, is the work of human hands and is bred near the house. More often, people do not breed, but destroy forests, and often very imprudently, thinking little about the future. The forest is a vast expanse of the earth; and the garden usually occupies a very small piece of land. The forest is not fenced with anything, and the garden is surrounded by a fence. In the forests on the ground there are a lot of deadwood, windbreak, spruce needles and cones, in some places there is a clearing or a path, otherwise you won’t make your way among the trees. The garden is cleaner, more orderly, paths are laid, dry branches are picked up, trees are cleaned and watered in case of drought. There are very beautiful gardens: with ponds and bridges, with colorful flower beds, dense alleys of shady trees, beautiful gazebos, slides, lawns, fountains. Since people rarely climb far into the forest, there are many wild animals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles in it. We have wolves, foxes, hares, squirrels, snakes, many birds in our forest. There are no wild animals in the garden, fewer birds, and only frogs come across from amphibians.

Divide the text into paragraphs.

Plan the text.

Which sentence is the proverb suitable for: “We don’t store what we have, if we lose it, we cry.”

Instead of the first paragraph, write your own beginning of the text.

What is the name of the person who tends the garden? What is the name of the person who keeps order in the forest?

What is more like a park - a garden or a forest?

An exercise. Read the text.

Raspberry

The second place among our delicious wild berries, after strawberries, of course, rightfully belongs to sweet, juicy and fragrant raspberries. Although our forest raspberries are inferior to garden raspberries in terms of berry size and sweetness, they surpass them in their aroma. No matter how good garden raspberries are, they will never compare in flavor with forest raspberries: forest raspberry jam is much tastier than garden raspberry jam. Looking at the inconspicuous, yellowish-gray flowers of our raspberries, it is hard to imagine that bright purple berries will develop from them over time. Unfortunately, raspberries, which are attractive to people, seem to be just as attractive to small gourmets from the insect world. None of the forest berries is visited so much by various small climbing and flying rabble, of which the tree bugs are especially unpleasant guests of raspberries for us. However, among the large forest dwellers there is one big gourmet to raspberries - clubfoot Mikhail Ivanovich. In the villages you can hear many stories, often very curious, about meetings in the forest raspberries of village raspberry gatherers with a shaggy bear.

Divide the text into paragraphs.

Plan the text.

Find in the text words describing raspberries, pick up your epithets.

Why is wild raspberry jam tastier than garden raspberry jam?

What do you think, by what criteria does raspberry lag behind strawberries, why does it take second place among wild berries?

Make up a story about a meeting between berry pickers and the owner of the forest - a bear.

An exercise. Read the text.

bird's Nest

Outside the nest is either twisted from brushwood, branches, like those of eagles, crows, or from grass and reeds, like those of quails, coots. Inside the nest is covered with straw, wool, fluff, moss; and in thrushes it is smeared with earth. Birds build nests with their beaks. The female twists more often, and the malecollects, brings materials for the nest and entertains her with singing. The shape of the nest is usually more or less spherical, with a holeupstairs or on the side. The nests of those birds that build them on trees are the most skillfully built. There are birds that do not build nests, but lay their eggs simply in holes on the ground or indeepen leniya on the rocks. Cuckoos lay their eggs in nestsdifferent small birds that hatch young cuckoos.

Divide the text into paragraphs.

Plan the text.

Write an introduction to this text.

Choose antonyms for the underlined words.

Why do birds insulate their nests or other nesting sites?

Why do birds that build their nests in trees make their construction more carefully than birds that raise their chicks on the ground?

An exercise. Read the text.

Spring in Russia

Nowhere does spring have so much charm as in Russia. White clothes of winter, at lasttires the eyesight. The soul desires change. Under the sun's rays, snowdrifts quickly melt; streams noisily run from the hillocks. The ringing voice of the lark sounds fromtransparent height. Riverstearing the ice shackles on themselves, overflow their banks, and the smallest stream seems like a majestic river. meadowscovered with fresh grass and covered with colorful flowers. Birch groves are turning green. Behind them, dense forests are dressed in leaves. And the winds are everywherewear fragrance fragrant cherry.

Divide the text into paragraphs.

Plan the text.

Add the end of the text.

Choose an excerpt from a poem that could become an epigraph to this text.

Replace the underlined words and expressions with everyday vocabulary. Analyze how the text has changed. Why did the highlighted words make the text more poetic, sublime?

What colors does nature add to forest landscapes in spring?

An exercise. Read the text.

Summer evening

The sun was already going downfor the forest. It threw morewarm rays that cut throughfiery strip across the forest,brightly pouring goldtops pines. Thenrays extinguished one by one. LastRay stayed for a long time. He, like a thin needle, pierced into a thicket of branches, and then went out. Objects lost their shape: everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass. Singingbirds subsided; soon they were completely silent, except for one stubborn one, who, as if in defiance of everyone, in the midst of the general silence, chirped monotonously, but she, too, finally fell asleep. Everything was silent. Alonegrasshoppers the launches crackled louder.From the earth foggy haze rose and spreadacross the meadow and the river. The river also subsided; a little later, and suddenly someone splashed in her for the last time - and she became motionless. smelleddampness. It got darker and darker.In the sky shone brightly likealive eye, the first star.

Divide the text into paragraphs.

Plan the text.

What does the author compare the first asterisk to? Choose and write down your comparison.

Find and underline another comparison in the text.

To show readers the transition from evening to night, the author described the changes taking place in nature. Which of them did you feel the most - in the lighting, in the sounds, in the humidity or in the movement?

Read the text without the underlined words. Analyze how it has changed. Why did the author use such epithets? Think about what epithets you can add to the words in bold to make the text more expressive.

Learning to write an essay

This is a mysterious essay.

Essay (exagium- “weighing”) is an essay of small volume and free composition. An essay expresses the individual impressions and thoughts of the author on a particular occasion or subject.

The essay does not claim to be exhaustive information about the subject or event being described.

For example, if you want to write about the Sun, then you can write about what is close to you, worries you.

Describe the sunset, describe how you saw the sunrise. Try to convey your feelings. You can remember what was said about the sun in ancient myths. And if you want to write about the Sun as a star, about the solar system, about the place of the Sun in the Galaxy - write about it. Do you want to indicate the distance from the Sun to the Earth? Don't point. And if you want to write about how struck the magnitude of this distance - so in an essay you can safely indicate kilometers.

Who writes the essay?

The authors of the essay are people of various interests and professions: critics, historians, literary critics, art critics, writers, philosophers, scientists. After all, each person can express their thoughts and feelings on any topic.

What is the difference between an essay and a scientific article or a philosophical treatise?

In these works, people talk about what they consider to be true, and try to convince others of this, citing numerous proofs.

And the author of the essay simply expresses his personal opinion, not so much trying to convince the reader as encouraging him to independent reasoning.

How is an essay different from a story?

AT the story always has a plot, literary characters act there, some events take place.

In an essay, this is not necessary at all. Although you can also include a small fictitious story in the essay to illustrate your thoughts, but it will only be part of the whole work.

Where can you meet the essay genre?

Many newspaper essays on various topics have been written in the genre of essay, essays can be read in magazines, heard on the radio, TV, read in blogs of both famous writers and beginners who are just trying the pen.

What is great about an essay?

The great thing about an essay is that you write it for yourself. After all, an essay is necessarily a dialogue, first of all, with oneself. When you write an essay, you are simply expressing your thoughts and feelings. It is only important that a connection be maintained between them.

An essay should not turn into a bunch of unrelated passages and thoughts.

What can inspire you to write an essay?

Numerous varieties of the essay genre will allow you to turn to different areas of knowledge about the world.

What can inspire you to write an essay? Any situation that you want to think about yourself with yourself.

Have you got a new friend in your life? Write about him, at the same time talk about friendship in general. Tell us about other comrades, describe some interesting cases that illustrate your idea of ​​friendship.

Were you surprised by the number of math formulas when you looked into your older sister's textbook? Write about how complex the world is and how much you still have to learn. Fantasize about it.

Just today, did you notice that the first buds have blossomed? This is a good occasion to express what you know and think about spring, to talk about your spring feelings.

Why do planes fly? Express your thoughts on this matter, share your knowledge.

Have you bought a dog? Write about her, about your impressions, about how you are going to raise her.

What will replace TVs in the future? What scope for creative imagination!

Quarreled with a friend? Talk about it and at the same time write down your thoughts on how to maintain friendship and what can destroy it.

Tsar Peter the Great - good or bad? Give reasons for and against, give historical information known to you and draw a conclusion that seems correct to you. Moreover, the conclusion does not have to be final. You may decide that you still do not understand whether he was good or bad.

What is important to remember when writing an essay? When writing an essay, it is important to remember that you are not writing it only for yourself. Therefore, write clearly, trying to explain your thoughts as best as possible. Write coherently, without jumping from one to another, so that there is a logical connection between thoughts. Try to interest the reader, to wake his thought.

What does the essay genre include?

The genre of the essay is infinitely diverse. Essays can be written on eternal, global topics, and about what happened today at recess.

If you like, you can write an essay in the form of a scientific or newspaper article, diary, eyewitness account, confession, speech, satire, etc.

What is the most important thing for an essay writer?

And remember that for the author of an essay, the main thing is a personal comprehension of the world and attitude towards it. As ways of such comprehension, he gives vivid examples, selects analogies, uses metaphors, images, symbols, comparisons.

An essay is a free discussion on any topic. We can say that this is a stream of consciousness, a stream of thoughts, literary designed. In fact, there are no rules and restrictions here. All the famous essay writers wrote them like this - they sat down and wrote down everything that came to their mind.

How to write an essay?

First you need to sit down and think - what do I know about this topic? What did you read, what did you hear?

Recall all cases from life and from books that are suitable for this topic. If you wish, you can come up with your own cases - no one forbids.

Recall and briefly retell what famous people wrote on this topic?

And, most importantly, what do I think about it myself? Thoughts can be conflicting, both for and against.

Thinking about it, you need to start writing it all down. Not necessarily in the form of a coherent text, it is possible so far in the form of excerpts, outlines. As you formulate and write down thoughts, something else will begin to come to your head. This, of course, also needs to be recorded.

After everything that comes to mind is written down, you need to re-read it several times and build a coherent text from it. Despite the fact that the essay has a free internal structure, it should still have some kind of introduction and some kind of conclusion. The introduction should smoothly introduce the reader to the topic under discussion, and the conclusion should contain a certain conclusion, even if it is very approximate and conditional. Therefore, among all your sketches, you should select the one that is suitable for the introduction, and the one that
which is suitable for conclusion.

When writing an essay, try to stick to a certain style. If you are writing about something scientific, use scientific vocabulary, the style of a scientific article. If you talk about friendship, love, and other "higher matters," stick to the lofty style. If you are describing a funny incident, switch to a conversational style. But you can also allow a deliberate inconsistency in the style of the situation. For example, you write about an incident in the school cafeteria in the form of a scientific article or a speech by a famous politician. This will cause a comic effect.

How to write an essay on a literary text? One type of genre is an essay on a text. You read someone else's text, such as a story or an article, and then write an essay about what you read.

1. Find the problem raised by the author in the text.
It’s good if you find a sentence in the text where the author formulated it.

If not, then you'll have to do it yourself.

The problem is best formulated in the form of a question that you put to the read text. If the whole text is the answer to this question, then you have found the problem.

The problem (or, otherwise, the main question) is desirable to name already in the first paragraph of the essay.

For example: “In this passage, the author tells about the defenders of Stalingrad. How does an ordinary person become a hero? This is the main question raised by the author in this text. Or: “In this story, the author writes about his school friend. Why is one and the same person capable of both a wonderful deed and meanness? Here is the problem raised by the author in the text.

2. Determine the position of the author of the text in relation to this problem.

What does the author do - tells, regrets, argues, convinces, ironically, ridicules? Do you agree or disagree with the position of the author? Why?

3. Show with an example from literature or from personal life,Where did this problem occur and how was it resolved?

If you don't remember any similar example, then write your own.

Prove that this particular example convincingly expresses your agreement (disagreement) with the position of the author on this issue. You can think of or write a few examples.

Don't forget that all actions in the story are performed not by the author, but by a literary character, the hero of the story. Even if the narration is in the first person, it is not the author's speech, but the narrator's.The position of the author may not coincide with the position of the narrator, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted.

What is the difference between an essay and a school essay on a literary work?

The essay should be dominated by the analysis of a literary work. It is more like a scientific article.

In an essay, a literary work is just an occasion, a starting point for one's own reasoning. It should not be like a report, a retelling.

The main thing is to express your own thoughts on this issue, to give your own examples.

Approximate essay structure by text

Problem Statement source text - a few sentences.

A small commentary on the problem posed - a few suggestions on why this problem is important and interesting.

Description of the author's position in relation to the problem. In terms of volume, this part is equal to the previous two.

Own opinion student, his arguments, examples. The volume is about 2 times larger than the third part.

Conclusion, final judgment about the problem, text, author. The volume is approximately equal to the third part.

Essay Samples

Are there aliens?

I admire the starry sky. And sometimes I ask myself the question: “Does anyone live there?”. How interesting it would be to meet aliens!

What are they? Are they like us? Maybe they are shorter or taller. Or they have a different skin color. More or less fingers. Maybe aliens don't look like humans at all. And they resemble, for example, beetles or octopuses.

Where do aliens live? Previously, people hoped to find inhabitants on the moon. At the beginningXXcenturies, people still assumed to meet intelligent life on Mars or Venus. Now we already know for sure that the planets of the solar system are uninhabited. Intelligent life should be sought around other stars.

Modern technology does not allow people to make distant space travel. Even a human flight to Mars is still being planned. But suddenly the aliens overtook us in the development of technology? And then they will fly to us themselves.

Sasha Zhidov, 4 "A" class

Favorite book

I love the fairy tale "The Wizard of the Emerald City". It tells about the girl Ellie and her friends. They had many amazing and dangerous adventures in the Magic Land.

Thanks to strong friendship, they passed all the tests. Each of them had their wish fulfilled. The Scarecrow became wise. The Tin Woodman got a loving heart. The lion felt brave. And Ellie and Totoshka returned home.

This story teaches friendship. Among my friends there are guys who look like the heroes of this fairy tale. Anton looks like a Scarecrow. He is just as smart and thoughtful. Vital is the spitting image of the Tin Woodman. He is just as kind and generous. Artem is brave and strong like a lion. And Snezhana is as wonderful as Ellie. And she has a dog, Druzhok. He is very similar to Toto.

That's why I especially like this tale. When I read it, I think about my friends.

Nastya Shestakova 4 "A" class

Sample Essay Topics

Read a sample list of essay topics. Choose the one you like. But of course you can write an essay on your own topic.

1. How does email work?

2. It's unwise to do more than time allows.

Why do penguins have such an unusual black and white coloration?

What is the largest flower in the world?

What is the difference between land plants and algae?

6. I won't make unreasonable demands because...

7. There is no point in doing something that I can't actually do.

I will not give something that I really do not want to give.

Why are there different religions?

What is important in order to have self-esteem.

My favourite clothes...

I've been asking adults for so long to let me...

I can be the breeze because...

I don't want to follow the crowd.

I don't want to do nice things for unpleasant people.

My favorite singer or band...

I'm like a bird because...

My favorite characters...

I feel capable of...

When my request is denied, I...

What is paganism?

When I have to refuse someone's request, I...

Asking is...

How can a submarine submerge and float?

I turn into a tiger when...

Why do people speak different languages?

I'm like an ant when...

Who are the boyars?

Why do children need to play?

Where did the names of the constellations come from?

Are the continents moving?

Does Santa Claus exist?

How far does space extend?

When did you first start asking riddles and telling jokes?

What are notes?

I feel like I'm a piece of melting ice...

Who is Socrates?

Why is the solar system shaped like this?

How does the brain communicate its commands to the body?

I am a beautiful flower...

I would like to find a magic wand.

I feel like I'm a rock...

What is archeology?

Why are controls needed?

I'm sad when...

I protest against unfair treatment or criticism.

How does the brain store information?

How did duels originate?

I want to ask for help and emotional support.

How to treat the offender in the future? Forgiveness of offense.

What is a drug?

Have monarchs always ruled in Russia?

What is the UN?

54. What is mythology?

When did people start exercising?

I feel stupid when...

Piggy bank of my grievances.

I'm afraid when...

Oh, this, oral account ...

What is genealogy?

I get offended when...

My favourite hobby...

About my neighbors.

Excitement before the control.

My favorite sound...

I feel happiest when...

Why do joints crack?

I feel the worst when...

I can't understand why I...

What is biology?

My life would be happier if I...

The main thing I would like to change in myself is...

My favorite scent...

I do not want to put up with an unpleasant situation.

I will not sacrifice my inner world for anyone.

I don't want to keep a relationship that has become abusive.

How do muscles work?

The person I admire most in the world...

Watching the sunset...

The place where I love to be more than anything in the world...

Featured Literature

epics

"Svyatogor - the hero"

"The first fight of Ilya Muromets"

"Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber"

"Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmeyevich"

"Dobrynya and Alyosha"

"Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich"

"About Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych"

Russian folk tales

"Morozko"

"The Cockerel and the Beanstalk"

"Masha and the Bear"

"Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka"

Scientific and educational books about science and technology

V. Kurchevsky "A true story about pencils and paints"

L. Levinova “What is there, outside the window?”

G. Sapgir "The Adventures of Kubarik and Theme"

E. Levitan "Kids about the stars and planets"

A. Belyaev "How a man learned to fly"

E. Permyak "The Tale of Gas"

G. Panizovskaya "How fire married water"

A. Nekrasov "Harbors of the Air Ocean"

S. Kordyukova "Across the sea-ocean"

V. Meyerzon "Units needed by everyone"

G. Yudin "What the city stands on and what it is famous for"

N. Fedorov "The main wonder of the world"

M. Arlazarova "About our army"

I. Tokmakova "Big House of Humanity"

E. Mera "Maybe Zero is not to blame?"

E. Borisov "The Air We Breathe"

A. Zhitomirsky "The sun in the wires"

L. Shevrin "Mathematical ABC", "Journey through the country of Geometry"

S. Sakharnav "Icebreaker to the rescue"

nature books

I. Akimushkin "In the animal world"

V. Bianchi “Whose nose is better?”, “Whose legs are these?”, “Who sings with what?”

Yu. Dmitriev "Forest kids", "Path in the forest", "Forest riddles"

N. Pavlova "Mysteries of Flowers"

S. Sakharnov "On the seas around the Earth", "Colorful sea"

N. Sladkov "White Tigers", "Forest Secrets", "Knock-knock", "Whose footprints are these?"

G. Snegirev "Wonderful Boat", "Trace of a Deer", "Chembulak"

I. Sokolov-Mikitov "Year in the Forest", "Sounds of the Earth"

V. Durov "My Artists", "My Animals"

B. Zhitkov "About the monkey", "About the elephant", "Wolf", "Bear", "Jackdaw"

M. Prishvin "Chicken on poles", "Wrestler and crybaby", "Trees talking"

K. Paustovsky "The Disheveled Sparrow", "The Adventures of the Rhinoceros Beetle"

N. Osipov "In the water and near the water"

G. Skrebitsky "The Thief"

E. Seton-Thompson "Chink"

L. Tolstoy "Fire Dogs", "Bulka", "Milton and Bulka", "Elephant"

I. Turgenev "Mumu", "Sparrow"

E. Charushin "Volchishko", "Tyupa, Tomka and Magpie", "Tomka", "Tomka's dreams"

V. Chaplin "Winged Alarm Clock", "Kids", "Gift", "Thrown"

E. Shim “Who lost a hoof?”, “What is it that glows at night?”

G. Graubin "Why is the fall of leaves in autumn?"

historical works

S. Alekseev "The Terrible Horseman", "The Story of a Serf Boy", "Stories about Suvorov and Russian Soldiers"

G. Storm "The Feats of Svyatoslav", "On the Kulikovo Field"

V. Bogomolov "For the defense of Stalingrad"

A. Gaidar "Military secret", "School", "The fate of the drummer"

L. Kosmodemyanskaya "The Tale of Zoya and Shura"

E. Ilyin "The Fourth Height"

L. Panteleev "Clock", "Package", "Night", "On the skiff"

B. Rybakov "Dagger", "Bronze Bird"

S. Grigoriev "Suvorov"

N. Konchalovskaya "Our ancient capital"

O. Tikhomirov "Alexander Nevsky", "On the Kulikovo Field"

B. Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man"

V. Kataev "Son of the Regiment", "The lonely sail turns white"

Adventure, fantasy, author's fairy tales

Y. Olesha "Three fat men"

G.H. Andersen "The Ugly Duckling", "Thumbelina", "The Princess and the Pea", "Flint", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Snow Queen"

S. Aksakov "The Scarlet Flower"

A. Aleksin "In the Land of Eternal Vacation"

P. Bazhov "Silver Hoof"

K. Bulychev "Alice and the Three Captains", "Is that you, Alice?"

V. Gauf "Dwarf Nose", "Caliph Stork", "Little Muk"

L. Geraskina "In the Land of Unlearned Lessons"

L. Kassil "Konduit and Shvambrania"

R. Kipling "Mowgli", "Rikki-Tiki-Tavi"

V. Gubarev "The Kingdom of Crooked Mirrors"

Brothers Grimm "The Bremen Town Musicians", "The Pot of Porridge", "The Frog King"

Y. Druzhkov "The Adventures of Pencil and Samodelkin", "Magic School"

F. Salten "Bambi"

S. Mikhalkov "Feast of Disobedience", "Fantik", "Three Little Pigs"

A. Volkov "The Wizard of the Emerald City", "Seven Underground Kings"

A. Lindgren "The Kid and Carlson, who lives on the roof", "Pippi Longstocking"

E. Velistov "Electronics - a boy from a suitcase"

T. Janson "Moomin and the Comet", "Memoirs of Moomin's father"

D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe"

D. Carroll "Alice's Adventure in Wonderland", "Alice Through the Looking Glass"

A. Pushkin "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan ..."

Ch. Perrot "Puss in Boots", "Cinderella", "Bluebeard"

A. Pogorelsky "Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants"

E. Raspz "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"

L. Lagin "Old Man Hottabych"

S. Lagerlöf "Niels' wonderful journey with wild geese"

J. Larry "The Extraordinary Adventures of Karik and Vali"

V. Levshin "Master of Dispersed Sciences"

E. Alexandrova "Nulik the Sailor", "Captain Unity's Frigate"

A. Nekrasov "The Adventures of Captain Vrungel" A. Milne "Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all" L. Murr "The little raccoon and the one who sits in the pond" N. Nosov "Dunno on the Moon", "Bobik visiting Barbosa" D. Swift "Gulliver's Travels"

A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio" Y. Tomin "Walked through the city of a magician" P. Travers "Mary Poppins"

E. Uspensky "Holidays in Prostokvashino", "Crocodile Gena and his friends"

O. Wilde "Star Boy"

D. Harris "Tales of Uncle Remus", "What was it?"

E. Schwartz "Two Brothers", "The Tale of Lost Time"

S. Marshak "Twelve Months", "The Tale of the Silly Mouse"

Books about peers

V. Dragunsky "Deniska's stories"

L. Tolstoy "Filipok", "Bone"

A. Gaidar "Timur and his team"

L. Panteleev "Republic of SHKID", "Indian Chubaty"

G. Malo "Without a family"

M. Twain "The Prince and the Pauper", "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"

A. Westley "Dad, Mom, Eight Children and a Truck"

V. Medvedev "Barankin, be a man"

Y. Koval "Nedopesok", "The Adventures of Vasya Kurolesov"

V. Hugo "Gavroche", "Cosette"

K. Paustovsky "Warm Bread", "Steel Ring"

E. Permyak "The Hasty Knife", "How Misha Wanted to Outsmart Mom"

V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"

S. Pokrovsky "Mammoth hunters", "The village on the lake"

B. Zhitkov "Smoke", "Collapse", "How I Caught Little Men", "White House"

D. Grigorovich "Gutta-percha boy"

V. Korolenko "Children of the Underground", "Bought Boys"

A. Kuprin "White Poodle"

V. Kataev "Pipe and jug", "Flower-Semitsvetik"

N. Nosov "Patch", "Dreamers", "Lollipop", "Live Hat"

WORK-REASONING PLAN: 1) Formulation of the thesis related to the topic of the essay and the main idea

own statement

YOUR OWN STATEMENT CAN BE FORMULATED:

1) With the help of a sentence stating the relevance of the issue under discussion (In our time, the problem is especially acute ... Or: The problem ... is relevant today)

I think that… I often think about the question…..

2) With the help of proverbs and sayings (Everyone knows the saying “What is written with a pen, you cannot cut it out with an ax.” It has a deep meaning: you need to be demanding of writing.)

3) In the form of a small digression, which can lead to the problem of the text (Every person wants to be considered educated. One of the signs of a good education is the ability to write a letter correctly.)

2. THE MAIN PART OF THE WORK - REASONING

We present arguments, facts proving this thesis. -Since there are several arguments, we use special introductory words to frame the reasoning: firstly, secondly, etc. But if you are in doubt, if you support one or the other point of view to some extent, it is more appropriate to use other introductory words: on the one hand, on the other hand.
TO CONNECT THE THESIS AND EVIDENCE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE LANGUAGE MEANS: - Verbs of the 1st person plural (we will prove, find, confirm, give, define) - Unions and allied words (because, so that, therefore, therefore, as a result of which, if, in order to)

FOR THE CONNECTION OF THE THESIS AND EVIDENCE IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE SYNTAXIC STRUCTURES:

this is confirmed by the fact ...; this is due to…; this is due to…; the reason is as follows…; it follows from here ...; it follows that…; it follows from this that ...; this allows us to assume that ... 3. CONCLUSION OF THE WORK - REASONING THE CONNECTION OF EVIDENCE AND CONCLUSION CAN BE DESIGNED WITH THE HELP OF: )

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Subject: Essay on a proverb.

Purpose: to provide information about the proverb, to introduce V.I. Dahl, L.N. Tolstoy; to form the ability to compose narrative texts with elements of description according to a given proverb; develop observation, thinking, enrich vocabulary, develop oral and written speech, cultivate love for the oral folk art of the Russian people.

Equipment: worksheets, a projector, a laptop, an exhibition of books "Proverbs, sayings"

During the classes.

I. Org. moment

II. Speech workout.

Read the text: (1 slide)

The village was passing by a peasant,

Suddenly a gate barks from under the dog,

Grandma jumped out with a stick in her hand

And let's beat the horse on the man.

The horse ate lard, and the man oats,

The horse sat in the sleigh, and the man drove.

What did you read? (this is a flip)

Read with surprised intonation

With affirmative.

What genres of oral folk art do you know (proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, fairy tales, etc.)

III. preparatory conversation.

Read the screen recording (slide 2)

The proverb is the wisdom of the people.

The proverb is not in vain.

How do you understand these expressions?

- What is a proverb?

— A message from a student.

A proverb is a short folk saying with instructive content. In proverbs, the wisdom of the people, that is, people noticed and composed proverbs. If someone says a proverb to you, then it is not for nothing that he pronounces it: he either praises or scolds you.

- That's right, guys, each proverb has its own hidden meaning, its own hidden truth of life. Each proverb needs to be understood and explained. The people began to compose proverbs a long time ago. They can be divided into groups: about work, about the homeland, about mother, about a person and his qualities, about friendship, about teaching, and others.

IV. Checking homework.

At home, you have prepared proverbs and drawings. Explain the meaning of your proverbs, and the guys will determine which group they belong to.

V. Physical education (slide 3)

VI. A story about the work of V.I. Dalia (slide 4)

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal - the great Russian writer was fond of collecting proverbs. For 53 years he collected proverbs. In 1861 he wrote the book Proverbs of the Russian People. Dahl also wrote many stories and compiled many fairy tales especially for children. (5 slide)

And he compiled an "Explanatory Dictionary"

VII. Determination of proverbs according to the picture.

A picture will appear on the screen, and you must name the proverb and explain it (slide 6,7,8)

"If you like to ride, love to carry sleds." (You have to pay for your pleasures)

“An apple does not fall far from an apple tree” (Children are like their parents. It is said with condemnation when children have the same shortcomings as their parents) “Kill it on your nose” (Remember for a lifetime)

VIII. Group work.

Do you remember that many Russian writers and teachers created literary works according to the proverb. You have on your desks the texts of E. Efimovsky "The Pit", R. Sefa "The Crow and the Fox", "Sled". You must read the text and learn the proverbs they are written on. (9,10,11 slides).

The villain dug a hole on the forest road,

So that a passerby falls down at night.

Here is the finished hole.

He got out.

A passer-by will get out too!

For two more days the robber sweated.

The earth flew out of the pit.

Tried to get out

But failed.

Then he chuckled.

Good! (Do not dig a hole for another - you yourself will fall into it).

Trouble can happen to those who wish or make it to others

The crow flew

Sat on a bush

Thinking that the bush

Safe and empty.

But in this bush

hid furtively

brave hunter

With a terrible slingshot.

He silently took aim

And from the bush

The crow took off

Already without a tail.

What happened to the crow?

Another conversation

But very skittish

Raven ever since.

(The frightened crow is afraid of the bush)

- It is said when someone shows excessive caution, anxiety, although there is no reason for this) Ivan sat in someone else's sleigh,

I just couldn't cope

The sleigh flew by itself -

Right left-

Down and sideways.

They flew over the stump,

Jumped up another time.

Our Ivan lies in bed

With a bandaged leg. (Do not get into your sleigh)

Don't take on jobs you can't handle.

IX. The story of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

- Guys, who is L.N. Tolstoy? (12 slide).

What works of Tolstoy have you read?

L.N. Tolstoy founded his own school in Yasnaya Polyana for peasant children. He taught them to read and write, including writing essays. About how the writer taught children this, and an article was written entitled “Who should learn to write from whom: peasant children from us or us from peasant children” One of Tolstoy’s memoirs from this article is devoted to how he taught his children to write an essay according to a proverb . Listen to an excerpt from this article:

For a long time now, reading a collection of Snegirev's proverbs has been one of my favorites - not classes, but pleasures. For each proverb, I see faces from the people and their collisions in the sense of the proverb. Among the unrealizable dreams, I always imagined a number of either stories or pictures written in proverbs. Once, last winter, after dinner I read a book by Snegirev and came to school with the book. There was a Russian language class.

“Come on, write someone on the proverb,” I said.

The best students - Fedka, Semka and others pricked up their ears.

- Who is the proverb, what is it? tell us? Questions poured in.

A proverb was opened: feeds with a spoon, pricks the eye with a stalk.

“Just imagine,” I said, “that a peasant took some beggar to his place, and then, for his kindness, began to reproach him, and it will end up that he “feeds him with a spoon, pricks his eye with a stalk.”

- How do you write it? said Fedka, and all the others, who had pricked up their ears, suddenly recoiled, convinced that this task was beyond their strength, and set to work on their previously started work.

“You write it yourself,” someone told me.

Everyone was busy with business; I took a pen and an inkwell and began to write.

- Well, - I said, - whoever writes better, - and I'm with you.

You see how Tolstoy introduced his children to an essay based on a proverb. L.N. himself admitted that children wrote much more interesting than any adult.

Guys, do you want to learn how to write an essay on a proverb?

X. Oral compilation of a story and an essay plan.

Read the proverb and explain its meaning (13 slide)

“What can be done today, do not put off until tomorrow” (children explain)

This proverb is said as advice to overcome laziness and get the job done now.

Quite right. It happens that something else depends on your business. Suddenly you promised something to someone, failed to fulfill and let the person down.

Who do you think likes to put off doing things later: I will do my homework later, wash the dishes later, go to the store later? (loafers and lazybones).

So, whose story are we going to write about, with whom could this story happen? (with a quitter)

Who is this boy or girl?

And so, the main character of the story is a lazy person. You can give your character a first and last name.

- What will your story be about? (about how one day it was necessary to do some business. The loafer put it off and how it ended).

When you start writing, describe who commissioned this case, on what day it happened. This will be the first part of your plan. What word should we start writing this part with? (once)

What shall we call this part?

What will we write about in the main part? (How the quitter behaved, came up with various reasons to postpone the case) Beginning of the form

What shall we call this part?

How do we finish the essay? (what did laziness lead to, what happened to the lazy person)

In this part of the essay, can you tell what was in the heart of the loafer when nothing could be done?

What shall we call this part?

You can write what this story teaches.

Plan. (14 slide)

1) Assigned work.

2) The case is adjourned.

3) Laziness won.

XI. Essay writing

Think about the story first to yourself, then sketch it out on drafts and start doing it. Do not forget, your story should be so vivid that the person who will read your essay will understand forever that you never need to postpone things until tomorrow (unless there is a hopeless situation). It is important that the main idea of ​​your story coincides with the meaning of the proverb.

XII. Reading of finished essays and assessment.

XIII.Reflection (15 slide)

XIV. Homework

Level 1 - It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.

Level 2 - Close together, but boring apart.

Explain the meaning of the proverb, give examples from life experience.

Level 3 - What you sow, you will reap.

Explain the meaning of the proverb

In the veracity of this statement, I was convinced even in childhood. Unfortunately, it often happens that as children we cannot understand where trouble lies in wait for us. It happened to me too, and I remember that day for many years to come.

Composition In a good conversation, everyone saves his mind (according to the proverb grade 4)

In a good conversation, everyone saves his mind - this is how the proverb says. But what kind of conversation is "good"? Probably not only one that gives rise to pleasant sensations and seems “good”.

Composition Did the job - walk boldly according to the proverb

People cannot be perceived in the way that their deeds are. Deeds have meaning and results that the people who made them can be proud of. If there is interaction with material and moral incentives

Essay on the proverb Cause - time, fun - hour Grade 4

Everyone dreams of a good rest after hard work. If hard work has borne fruit, and you can be proud of the result, then rest is even more pleasant. But, it doesn't need to be recycled. Need to dose correctly

Composition Clever speech is pleasant and listening

In our time, in the world of modern advanced technologies, people have become less and less time to read various literature. This was replaced by mass computerization, the time has come for digital technologies

Composition Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness Grade 5

Composition An apple does not fall far from an apple tree

Many have heard this proverb since childhood, but not many really reflect on the meaning of these words. Therefore, we will try to understand what values ​​are hidden here.

Composition Sow a habit, reap a character

Many people know the saying: Sow an act - you reap a habit, sow a habit - you reap a character, sow a character - you reap a destiny.

Folk wisdom often collects the wisest thoughts into short sayings that become sayings and proverbs. Thanks to this, representatives of the people can easily

People quite often promise each other, give "word of honor" that they will come, return or fulfill. More often than not, this is not done. It happened in childhood in a conversation with elders, they promise to fulfill your request or they themselves offer something

Composition according to the proverb Anger is your enemy for grade 7

I agree with this phrase, since anger makes us do things that we often have to regret later. I heard that many crimes are committed in anger

Composition according to the proverb Away is good, but home is better

Actually, I was convinced of the veracity of this phrase ... Many people told me, they say, it’s better at home. But I've always had a hard time believing. How can that be? You go to visit, they meet you there, tasty food, entertainment ...

Composition based on the proverb Idleness is the mother of all vices Grade 7

I cannot say with certainty that idleness is the mother of all vices. Of course, when a person has too much free time, when he is bored, he toils ... He does not know (lucky) what to do with himself. Walking from corner to corner, calling friends

Composition according to the proverb Without labor you can’t catch a fish from a pond Grade 7

Each person has his own goals that he wants to achieve. It should be understood that if you do not make any efforts, then it is very difficult to achieve the proper result. Man was created for work, for by diligence you progress

Composition according to the proverb Do not have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends

There are a lot of proverbs in Russian, and each has its own meaning. What is the meaning of the proverb: “Do not have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends”?

Composition Man is the blacksmith of his own happiness Grade 5 reasoning according to the proverb

When doing something, a person must understand that each subsequent step depends only on himself. The Roman consul Appius Claudius said: Every blacksmith of his own happiness

Composition according to the proverb It is useless to carry firewood to the forest Grade 7

If we disassemble the proverb according to its semantic components, then its essence will become clear. The first word used in the proverb is "useless". We can immediately see that we are talking about some action

Composition according to the proverb In joy, know the measure, in trouble do not lose faith

This proverb speaks of two aspects of human life - joy and sorrow, happiness and unhappiness. This is a very wise proverb, because it advises a person to keep measure in joy, and faith in trouble.

Composition Proverb not without reason says reasoning

Proverbs concentrate folk wisdom - observations of life. they are short, to the point, memorable. And in this very proverb it is said just about the benefits of proverbs, that they are not said for nothing.

Composition according to the proverb Water does not flow under a lying stone

The Russian people use a huge number of proverbs and sayings in their speech. They contain the wisdom of the ages. For a long time people have noticed the peculiarities of human nature and expressed everything in one small phrase that has a deep meaning.

Composition according to the proverb Be not quick to promises, but quick to fulfill

How much wisdom is embedded in our proverbs and sayings. After all, they so imperceptibly teach us life, save us from unique mistakes.

Essay on the proverb Don't bite off more than you can swallow

Proverbs are invented for this, that in everyday life people face similar situations. Wise sayings are passed from mouth to mouth exactly as long as we live since the appearance of speech.

Composition Proverbs and sayings - grains of folk wisdom reasoning

How often we hear from others, and we ourselves often use in speech, a lot of sayings and proverbs. No wonder they are called grains of wisdom of the people. After all, it’s true: the statements are short - the grains are also small, and the fruit grows from the grain

Composition Bread is the head of everything (according to the proverb about Bread)

Bread is a symbol of prosperity and well-being; we see this product on our table every day. But few people thought about what a long and thorny path he goes through before getting into our house.

What is the meaning of the proverb: the work of the master is afraid? There is, for example, a case that you are interested in and want to see the result of the work. If the result turned out and the master himself liked it, this means that the case obeyed him.

Composition of a Friend for money you can’t buy reasoning according to a proverb

As they say, "Money can't buy a friend." Is this so?.. It is very difficult to find a true friend. Although, if you have a lot of money, you may be surrounded by people who will praise you and support you with a kind word. But is this friendship?

Composition according to the proverb The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you will not catch

The proverb “The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it” says that it is necessary to follow what is said out loud. You can say something thoughtlessly and offend a person.

Speech is what Nature gave to man, and what he was able to develop for his own good. A person should develop his vocabulary, enrich it by reading fiction

Write an essay on one of the proverbs of your choice

Many proverbs come into our lives from the lips of the older generation. They are rarely seen in modern literature. It's good that you can learn about proverbs from the school curriculum. After all, every child in our country attends school, which means that they will encounter them. Perhaps even listens and implements.

It is difficult to list the topics of all proverbs. Our ancestors were very fond of inventing them, based on life events that happened to them or directly before their eyes. The most popular are about work, nature, weather, kindness. But, the most important, of course, is about friendship: friends are known in trouble.

A separate case is bad news, troubles in the family or at work. Here some of the friends are lost. They have their own problems that urgently need to be addressed. It is very difficult to endure negative emotions alone, the help of a friend is simply necessary. There are, of course, strong-willed people and they endure everything on their own. But there comes a time when everyone needs someone to talk to. Real friends come to the rescue. They will leave all their unfinished business for later, come, help, advise the right decision at a difficult moment. Such a person can immediately be called a true friend.

An important role is indicated by your attitude to different situations in friendship. If you yourself have no time to choose a moment to support a friend, help in something, or even just have a good time, then you should not even rely on him when he can come in handy. Such friendship is of a consumer nature. Communication occurs only when something is needed by one from the other.

Being a good friend is easy and hard at the same time. The ease is that there is always a desire to help when asked. But when trouble exists, and no one calls for help, what to do. Tactfully keep silent and pretend that nothing is happening or take the initiative in your own hands and do something. Such situations show how a friend is known in trouble.

Bogatyreva Olga

How wise and instructive are folk sayings! It is difficult, and most often impossible, to say when each of them appeared, how many centuries ago. One thing is clear: created by the wisdom of the people, tested by life and experience for many decades and even centuries, they are one of the most powerful means of expressing the spiritual life of the Russian people, their thoughts, aspirations, and aspirations. Acquaintance with proverbs introduces a person to folk art, helps to get to know the people and their language more deeply, and learn a lot.

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Essay-reasoning on the topic "The word is not in vain spoken"

Persian poet and thinker of the 13th century. Saadi said:

Are you smart or stupid

Are you big or small

We don't know yet

You didn't say a word!

The word, speech is an indicator of the general culture of a person, his intellect, his speech culture.

Speech activity (communication, communicative act) has a social character, since it is a part of human social activity. Any social activity is impossible without communication. In addition, there are activities that are based on communication. This is the activity of teachers, teachers, lawyers, politicians, journalists, managers, and many service workers.

Communication is a process in which at least two people participate: the speaker (addressee) and the listener (addressee).

Communication for a person is his habitat. Without this process, as without air, a person cannot exist. Communication helps organize joint work, outline and discuss plans, and implement them. The ability to communicate with other people allowed a person to achieve a high civilization, break into space, sink to the bottom of the ocean, penetrate into the bowels of the earth. Without communication, it is impossible to form a person's personality, his upbringing, education, and development of intellect.

Talented teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky wrote: “The word is the subtlest touch to the heart; it can become a tender, fragrant flower, and living water, restoring faith in goodness, and a sharp knife that has picked at the delicate fabric of the soul, and red-hot iron, and clods of dirt ... A wise and kind word brings joy, stupid and evil, thoughtless and tactless - brings trouble, a word can kill - and revive, hurt - and heal, sow confusion and hopelessness - and spiritualize, dispel doubts - and plunge into despondency, create a smile - and cause tears, give rise to faith in a person - and instill mistrust, inspire to work - and lead to a stupor of the strength of the soul.

Of all the living creatures that live on Earth, only man is endowed with the gift of speech. But to be able to listen, as well as to be able to speak, is also an art that must be learned.

The purpose of the communicative speech act in the life of society (society), in human life; ethics of communication; the conditions for its effectiveness have long attracted the attention of the people, the creator and bearer of the national Russian language. The people expressed their judgment about all this in well-aimed, capacious, figurative proverbs and sayings. What do they draw our attention to, what do they teach?

Speech, conversation, any kind of communication has long been valued for its content, they must have an inner meaning. It is no coincidence that in the Old Russian language one of the meanings of the word meaning was "reason, reason, mind." In this sense, it remained known in the XIX century. Let us recall the lines from "Ruslan and Lyudmila" by A.S. Pushkin: “Ruslan languished silently, / And meaning and lost his memory. Thus, the content of speech depends on the degree of mental development of the speakers, on their intellect. This is confirmed by the proverb "The field is red with millet, and the conversation is with the mind."

Hence the warning that defines the attitude to the word, speech, language:When you speak - think, The word is not in vain spoken, You should not waste words in vain, You will keep the Horse on the reins, but you will not turn back the words from the tongue.And in these proverbs there is concern about the content side of speech: think about what you want to say; choose the words according to the meaning.

How much humor, irony contains a sayingFrom empty to empty pour!An empty case is like an empty conversation. Neither one is of any use.They said that they welded on, but look - there is nothing; In verbosity, not without idle talk; Much has been said, but little has been said.As you can see, proverbs condemn meaningless speeches, conversations that give nothing to either the mind or the heart.

In order for the speech to be meaningful, informative, enrich listeners, attract their attention, it is important, while working on its text, to comprehend: what provisions will be developed; what is new in solving the problem; what remains controversial and requires further reflection; to what extent the expressed thoughts are reasoned; what is the position of the author.

Proverbs emphasize what qualities the interlocutor should have in order for the conversation to bring satisfaction, not to be a burden:Be able to say in time, be silent in time,i.e. know the measure in the conversation, do not tire the interlocutor, give him the opportunity to speak out. It's very frustrating when they don't listen to you. But even worse, when one of the participants in the dialogue, without listening to his interlocutor, joins in the conversation and two voices begin to sound at the same time. Such communication is more like a bazaar than a conversation between people who respect each other. It is especially bad when this is observed at meetings, school debates, when discussing some issue in the class. The proverb warns:Sing well together, but speak apart.What do people appreciate in an interlocutor, what do they condemn? We find the answer in proverbs:He does not throw words into the wind; For a word, it will not climb into your pocket.Responsible attitude to what was said, the absence of idle talk, boasting, resourcefulness in conversation are the positive qualities of the speaker. Here comes the omniscience(he has an answer for every demand),inability and unwillingness to understand the interlocutor(speak different languages; their conversation is the conversation of the deaf);stubbornness in defending one's judgments (withyou won’t talk to him on an empty stomach; you have to talk to peas after eating);lack of logic in the conversation(I tell him about Thomas, and he tells me about Yerema);inconsistency of presentation, inconsistency of statement(started for health, and finished for peace);excessive talkativeness(you give him a word, and he gives you ten) -all these qualities are undesirable, not creating comfort in communication.

The Russian people have a negative attitude towards quarrels that often arise between speakers. The proverb warns:It is better to stumble with your foot than with your tongue.Therefore, you should be especially careful in choosing words, remember:The word is not an arrow, but it strikes more than an arrow; A wound from a knife heals; before a wound inflicted by a word, the doctor is powerless; From one word - yes, a quarrel for a century.Proverbs call to be merciful, to be able to empathize, to understand someone else's misfortune, someone else's grief, to be patient with others, not to forget:A quarrel does not lead to good; In quarrels and in nonsense there is no way; He scolded a lot, but did not achieve good.But if a quarrel could not be avoided, proverbs call for reconciliation:Every quarrel is red by the world; With whom I quarrel, with that I will make peace; By the way, swear, and not put up by the way; Make peace with people, but fight with sins.

No matter how interesting communication is, no matter how we forget about time, carried away by the conversation, it is important not to drag out the conversation, stop it in time. This is indicated by proverbs:No matter how much you interpret, you can’t reinterpret everything; No matter how much you talk, you can't be full of conversation.

How wise and instructive are folk sayings! It is difficult, and most often impossible, to say when each of them appeared, how many centuries ago. One thing is clear: created by the wisdom of the people, tested by life and experience for many decades and even centuries, they are one of the most powerful means of expressing the spiritual life of the Russian people, their thoughts, aspirations, and aspirations. Acquaintance with proverbs introduces a person to folk art, helps to get to know the people and their language more deeply, and learn a lot.