Waste management of production and consumption. Utilization of tree bark of wood processing enterprises Calculation and layout of equipment at sawmills and woodworking enterprises studies. allowance

20.06.2020

When the trees grew, the hero of Kalevala turned the "groves into ashes." Then he sowed bread, and in the fall, from the land fertilized in this way, he also collected a good harvest. The forest-field or slash-and-burn cropping system was widespread wherever a lot of forest grew. Here, in the northern provinces of Russia, it was practiced until the 1920s. The lands here are illuminated, poor in humus, and there was no fertilizer.

Nowadays, soil fertility is increased by more effective and less dangerous methods for tree plantations. Mineral and organic fertilizers are applied, land reclamation is carried out and they are carefully cultivated. But this does not mean at all that wood ash has lost its significance for the fields ...

In the state farms of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, more than 50 million hectares of land are characterized by high acidity and therefore require significant doses of fertilizers that have the ability to neutralize the soil. And the chemical industry still does not supply them there in the required quantity.

The deficit could be filled from local resources. One source of such fertilizers is tree bark and other wood waste. When the tree bark is burned, a valuable lime-phosphorus-potassium complex is formed, which includes the substances necessary for the plant. Such ash is especially useful for acidic soils.

About 400 million cubic meters of wood are harvested and removed from the forest every year, and together with it at least 40 million tons of bark. If it is tightly laid in a ribbon one meter wide and one meter high, then the ribbon will encircle the globe along the equator.

Modern industry is able to use the entire mass of harvested wood, with the exception of the bark. But the share of bark in spruce logs accounts for 11% by volume, in pine and larch logs - 15%. Now the bark is removed not only from pulpwood, but also from logs going for sawing, since technological chips from unpeeled logs are unsuitable for pulping. Tree bark in pulp and paper mills and sawmills is considered a necessary evil and a great burden.

Grape

In gardens and home gardens, you can choose a warmer place for planting grapes, for example, on the sunny side of the house, garden pavilion, veranda. It is recommended to plant grapes along the border of the site. The vines formed in one line will not take up much space and at the same time will be well lit from all sides. Near buildings, grapes should be placed so that water flowing from the roofs does not fall on it. On level ground, it is necessary to make ridges with good drainage due to drainage furrows. Some gardeners, following the experience of their colleagues in the western regions of the country, dig deep planting holes and fill them with organic fertilizers and fertilized soil. Pits dug in waterproof clay are a kind of closed vessel that fills with water during the monsoon rains. In fertile land, the root system of grapes develops well at first, but as soon as waterlogging begins, it suffocates. Deep pits can play a positive role in soils where good natural drainage is provided, the subsoil is permeable, or reclamation artificial drainage is possible. planting grapes

You can quickly restore an obsolete grape bush by layering (“katavlak”). To this end, healthy vines of a neighboring bush are placed in grooves dug to the place where the dead bush used to grow, and sprinkled with earth. The top is brought to the surface, from which a new bush then grows. Lignified vines are laid on layering in spring, and green ones in July. They are not separated from the mother bush for two to three years. A frozen or very old bush can be restored by short pruning to healthy above-ground parts or pruning to the “black head” of an underground stem. In the latter case, the underground trunk is freed from the ground and completely cut down. Not far from the surface, new shoots grow from dormant buds, due to which a new bush is formed. Grape bushes that have been neglected and severely damaged by frost are restored due to stronger fatty shoots formed in the lower part of the old wood and the removal of weakened sleeves. But before removing the sleeve, they form a replacement for it. Grape care

A gardener starting to grow grapes needs to study well the structure of the vine and the biology of this most interesting plant. Grapes belong to liana (climbing) plants, it needs support. But it can creep along the ground and take root, as is observed in Amur grapes in a wild state. The roots and the aerial part of the stem grow rapidly, branch strongly and reach large sizes. Under natural conditions, without human intervention, a branched grape bush grows with many vines of various orders, which comes into fruiting late and yields irregularly. In culture, the grapes are formed, give the bushes a form that is convenient for care, providing a high yield of high-quality clusters. Planting lemongrass

Chinese lemongrass, or schizandra, has several names - lemon tree, red grape, gomisha (Japanese), cochinta, kojianta (Nanai), kolchita (Ulchi), usimtya (Udege), uchampu (Oroch). In terms of structure, systemic relationship, center of origin and distribution, Schisandra chinensis has nothing to do with the real citrus plant lemon, but all its organs (roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, berries) exude the aroma of lemon, hence the name Schisandra. Lemongrass clinging or wrapping around a support, along with Amur grapes, three types of actinidia, is an original plant of the Far Eastern taiga. Its fruits, like real lemons, are too acidic for fresh consumption, but they have medicinal properties, a pleasant aroma, and this attracted a lot of attention to him. The taste of Schisandra chinensis berries improves somewhat after frost. Local hunters who consume such fruits claim that they relieve fatigue, invigorate the body and improve eyesight. In the consolidated Chinese pharmacopoeia, compiled back in 1596, it says: "Chinese lemongrass fruit has five tastes, classified in the first category of medicinal substances. The pulp of lemongrass is sour and sweet, the seeds are bitter-astringent, and in general the taste of the fruit is salty. Thus, It contains all five tastes. Grow lemongrass

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Adsorption. Practical guidelines for the implementation of a laboratory workshop Methodological instructions

Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology

The guidelines outline the foundations of the theory of adsorption necessary for mastering experimental methods for studying adsorption equilibria in heterogeneous systems with different interfacial surfaces. Methods for studying adsorption processes and experimental measurement of surface tensions of liquids are considered. Descriptions of the main laboratory work performed by students of chemical engineering specialties and areas of training in the study of the courses Colloid Chemistry and Surface Phenomena and Disperse Systems are given. Recommendations are given on the methods of statistical processing of the obtained experimental data. The guidelines are designed to prepare for laboratory workshops in the disciplines Colloid Chemistry and Surface Phenomena and Disperse Systems of students of technological specialties of chemical-technological and chemical faculties of polytechnic universities, as well as students of the direction of Chemistry.

<...>Waste solutions of surfactants are poured into a special container with the inscription "WASTE surfactant".<...>Waste solutions of surfactants are poured into a special container with the inscription "WASTE surfactant".<...>Waste solutions are poured into a special container with the inscription "surfactant waste".<...>Used surfactant solutions are poured into a special container with the inscription "surfactant waste".

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INFLUENCE OF LIME AND THE LEVEL OF FERTILIZATION OF ACID SOIL ON THE HARVEST OF CLOVER KRA AND ITS QUALITY ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

LVIV AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE

The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of liming on a red clover culture with organic, organo-mineral and mineral fertilizers of acidic soil and the effect of these fertilizers without lime on the clover yield, its quality and soil properties.

In the system of measures for the fastest creation of a solid fodder base for animal husbandry, it is planned<...>After the second clover mowing, soil samples with clover roots were taken with a Shain drill (0.02 m2) to a depth<...>76.8 I 2L \ 7.98 c( 5.52 (( 49c 27.3 28.4 32.7 20.4 27.2 37.4 41.2 *)<...>Limestone flour and lime waste from the Rozdol Mining and Chemical Plant were equally effective.<...>the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers with lime had a very positive effect on the accumulation of bark in the soil.

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EFFICIENCY OF NEW PREPARATIVE FORMS OF SULFUR AGAINST SPIDER MITE ON COTTON ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Purpose and objectives of research. The main goal of the work is to find low-toxic for warm-blooded animals, the environment, as well as beneficial insects, but highly effective against spider mites, means and methods flooded with cotton.

b Waste of its production was used. -: SPV-1 / differs in that as surfactants are used here<...>"Waste is a complex of fat plants.<...>biologically active substances in the composition of preparations (water-soluble polymers / sulfanate, detergents, waste

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ELEMENTS OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY ON THE LEAFABILITY AND CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF POTATOES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE OF RUSSIA ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND THE ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV

Purpose and objectives of the study: The purpose of this work is to study the influence of some elements of growing technology on the keeping quality and consumer properties of potatoes in the conditions of the central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. In connection with the goal, it was planned to solve the following tasks: - to study the physiological, biochemical and morphological features of potato minitubers grown in hydroponics and their seed properties; - to study the influence of the reproduction of planting material on the keeping quality and consumer properties of potatoes; - to study the influence of biological means of protecting potatoes on disease resistance, keeping quality and consumer properties of tubers;

.), international seminar "Agricultural waste" (UNESCO, WEL, FAO. 1993); conferences<...>21 13 0.86 0.52 0.36 0.60 .0.30<...>Loss reduction occurs mainly due to the reduction of absolute rot and technical waste

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STUDYING THE CONDITIONS FOR THE EFFICIENT USE OF OPEN ASH FOR FERTILIZER ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV

1. Study of the action of open-hearth slag depending on the background 2. Comparative study of different doses of open-hearth lime slag

"Waste of the metallurgical industry; - open-hearth slags - are huge and so far insufficiently used<...>years of slag again attracted attention and sat down e-." "-..; scientists and practitioners, the study of waste .me<...>data (Table 5): """"-". _"-"..": " "." "* "" . .If "-compare the content of PrO3 in clover crops, cor<...>This allows us to recommend waste from the metallurgical industry - open-hearth slag as a fertilizer.

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Ecological problems of the Kemerovo region: information edition. Issue. one

This publication contains bibliographic information about publications on the state of the environment in the Kemerovo region. To disclose the content, each bibliographic entry is supplemented with a detailed annotation or abstract, or digest.

More than 40% by weight of industrial waste of chemical enterprises is hazardous waste, in<...>hazardous waste.<...>The waste contains zinc, lead, mercury and arsenic. Hazardous waste is washed away by flood waters.<...>waste .<...>waste .

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No. 9 [Construction of oil and gas wells onshore and offshore, 2019]

The latest advances in technology, technology for drilling oil and gas wells, as well as materials for the preparation and purification of drilling fluids.

. – Dr. tech. Sciences, Corresponding Member. RANS, Moscow, Trifanov G.D. – Dr. tech. Sciences, Associate Professor, Mr.<...>., corresponding member . RANS, Ukhta, Khuzina L.B. – Dr. tech. Sciences, Associate Professor, Mr.<...>Sverkunov2, 3 (1Institute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2Irkutsk National<...>Siraev; Patent holder FGBUN Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS. - No. 2015143851/03; dec. 10.2015; publ<...>Akchurin3 (chief engineer), Sergey Alexandrovich Sverkunov2, 3 e-mail: [email protected] aInstitute of the Earth's Crust

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#5 [Earth and Universe, 2018]

Articles are published on topical problems of astronomy, astronautics, ecology, geophysics and geodesy. Particular attention is paid to articles promoting the most important scientific achievements, containing the results of experiments in space exploration, showing the ideological significance of the sciences of the Earth and the Universe and their connection with other areas of knowledge, exposing the anti-scientific essence of all kinds of sensational hypotheses and theories in the field of astronomy, astronautics and geophysics. . Published materials provide methodological assistance to teachers and lecturers, promote the wide participation of amateurs of astronomy, astronautics and geophysics in observations and space exploration

Autonomous folding-thrust formation in the earth's crust 55 SOBISEVICH A.L., SOBISEVICH L.E.<...>The continental crust is composed of light matter: mainly granite.<...>The pressure in the lower part of the crust reaches about 10 kbar, and the temperature is 700-800º C.<...>Earth sciences Autonomous folding and thrust formation in the earth's crust V.I.<...>minerals, construction of large hydraulic structures; industrial waste disposal process

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No. 7 [Ecological Bulletin of Russia, 2011]

and veterinary waste.<...>hazardous waste (class "B"), 65 thousand tons (1.8%) - toxicologically hazardous waste (class "G") and 1.5<...>, biological waste, waste of pharmacology and medicines); handling problem not resolved<...>Public-private partnership in the field of waste management In order to increase the amount of waste<...>", - "Technogenic waste.

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An analytical review of the literature on the preparation and study of the properties of organic and organomineral fertilizers based on tree bark waste was carried out. Biotechnological methods for processing the bark under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as well as methods for obtaining fertilizers from the original and extracted bark, are considered. The methods for obtaining and properties of fertilizers based on birch bark - biocomposite organomineral fertilizers of prolonged action are described. Promising directions of research work in the field of obtaining fertilizers from tree bark are determined

Therefore, it is most rational to use bark waste for the production of organic and organomineral<...>Biotechnological methods of processing Biotechnological methods of conversion of waste wood bark into<...>Obtaining organomineral fertilizers from tree bark and waste from various industries Wood waste<...>This makes it possible to consider this approach to the processing of birch bark waste as more promising in terms of<...>Compositions for obtaining granular fertilizers, in addition to bark waste, may contain a variety of

The processes of sorption of copper, zinc and lead ions from aqueous solutions by sorbents from birch bark bast were studied. It has been established that the obtained sorbents absorb metal ions in a wide range of concentrations. The pH values of the solutions at which the greatest sorption of the studied metal ions is achieved are determined. It has been shown that the use of bast sorbents is the most effective for removing metal ions from dilute water effluents.

A special group is biomass processing waste.<...>An analysis of the structure of the raw material base of vegetable waste in Russia shows that the most<...> <...> <...>The bark was crushed on a disintegrator brand "8255 Nossen" (Germany).

Based on the analysis of scientific and technical literature over the past 5–10 years, the main areas of research in the development of new methods for obtaining porous materials from lignin and tree bark have been identified: obtaining nanoporous carbon materials, enterosorbents, and oil collectors. To obtain nanoporous carbon materials from plant materials, two groups of methods are used: two-stage carbonization - physical activation - and one-stage chemical activation. It is advisable to use two-stage methods to obtain carbon sorbents from tree bark. To obtain nanoporous carbon materials from lignin, it is preferable to use chemical activation with sodium or potassium hydroxides. The reduction in the reserves of hydrolysis lignin due to the closure of hydrolysis plants in Russia makes it urgent to search for alternative sources of raw materials for the production of enterosorbents. Bark is an accessible and cheap resource for these purposes. In particular, enterosorbents obtained from birch bark are not inferior, and in some respects exceed the quality of industrial enterosorbent "Polifepan" from hydrolytic lignin.

<...> <...>The competitiveness of technologies for processing bark waste into activated carbons can be improved by applying new<...>The resulting larch bark waste has a wide polydisperse composition.<...>They make it possible to obtain an enterosorbent based on large-tonnage wood waste - birch bark, exported

Chemical products from tree bark monograph

Sib. feder. university

New ways of intensifying the processes of isolating valuable extractive substances from various types of bark are considered using the examples of deciduous and coniferous trees growing in Siberia. The results of the original works of the authors of the monograph and the literature data of recent years are used. Data are presented on the chemical composition of products, on promising processes for the complex processing of tree bark into valuable chemicals and sorption materials, and on the use of products of processing of tree bark. Considerable attention is paid to the problem of isolating biologically active substances from various types of bark, as well as current areas of work on obtaining tannins, food dyes, antioxidants, vitamin concentrate from the bark, isolating the triterpenoid betulin and synthesizing a number of valuable biologically active drugs based on it.

When processing aspen wood, bark waste reaches 15%.<...>The resulting larch bark waste has a wide polydisperse composition.<...>Optimization of waste disposal methods for extraction processing of birch bark Waste of birch bark and bast<...>choice of method of energy use of bark waste , are the moisture and ash content.<...>Optimization of wood bark processing processes 205 10,000 tons of bark waste per year, the most economically

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Processing of aspen bark to obtain biologically active substances and feed products

The latest developments in the field of obtaining biologically active substances (BAS) from aspen bark are presented, the process of their isolation is optimized, and the optimal regime for the release of BAS is obtained. Efficient methods of processing with the production of fodder products and organomineral fertilizers are proposed, which will help eliminate the problem of the danger of environmental pollution due to anaerobic decomposition of the bark and the possibility of a fire. The data presented in the monograph can be used to develop a technology for the production of food additives and the production of biologically active substances from aspen bark. The material presented in the monograph can be used by graduate students, researchers in conducting research work, as well as in the educational process by bachelors, masters and graduate students of direction 241 000.62 "Energy and resource-saving processes in chemical technology, petrochemistry and biotechnology", training profile " Environmental Protection and Rational Use of Natural Resources”.

Such waste includes tree bark.<...>as a raw material or as a material in large quantities and discarding the bark as a waste product.<...>In terms of chemical composition and other properties, debarking waste practically does not differ from tree bark.<...>Type of waste Hazard class Amount of waste Normative payment for disposal of 1 ton of waste, rub.<...>The content of extractive substances in the bark of aspen and birch in the waste of pulp and paper industry./A.P. Mashkova, A.P.

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METHODS OF RATIONAL USE OF CUTTING FUND IN FIR STANDS OF EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

KAZAKH STATE AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE

When performing the dissertation work, the issues of determining the productivity of the crown mass (branches and needles) and the accumulation of bark in fir forest stands were considered, their raw material properties and methods of industrial use were clarified.

Use not only stem wood, but also the so-called waste - bark, twigs, small branches,<...>Issues of using logging waste and bark.<...>USE OF HARVESTING WASTE Based on the raw material properties of the fir foot, bark and<...>Economic indicators for the processing of logging waste, preparations and fir bark.<...>Recycling of logging residues and measles: quite expedient 1! cost-effective.

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INFL UENCE OF ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS BASED ON THE BIRCH BARK AND INNER BIRCH BARK ON THE SOIL PROPERTIES [Electronic resource] / Veprikova [and others] // Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Chemistry. Journal of Siberian Federal University/ Chemistry .- 2016 .- №3 .- P. 6-14 .- Access mode: https://site/efd/576574

The properties of organomineral fertilizers obtained by urea deposit on the porous supports from birch bark and inner birch bark were investigated. It was determined that addition of the obtained organomineral fertilizers to soil increase humic acids and soluble microelements contend in its

One of the most effective ways to dispose of birch bark waste can be their use as<...>the method of preparing a complex organomineral fertilizer is the mixing of any organic waste<...>: sawdust, chopped straw, peat, husks, shredded tree bark, waste paper with formalin, urea<...>It is known to use fresh pine and larch bark as a fertilizer, as well as bark accumulated<...>The aim of the work was to study the properties of organomineral biocomposite fertilizers based on bark waste

No. 2 [Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Chemistry. Journal of Siberian Federal University/ Chemistry, 2015]

It is important to note in this regard the large-tonnage bark wastes, which are mainly disposed of in dumps or<...>Thus, the planned volume of birch bark waste at the Yenisei plywood factory is 25-30 thousand m3 per year<...>wood: sawdust, bark, logging waste and technical lignins.<...>Of particular interest are the available and cheap resources of plant waste, in particular tree bark.<...>The resulting larch bark waste has a wide polydisperse composition.

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Study of KCl Leaching by water from Biocomposite Fertilizers Based on the Birch Bark [Electronic resource] / Veprikova [et al.] // Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Chemistry. Journal of Siberian Federal University/ Chemistry .- 2015 .- №1 .- S. 25-34 .- Access mode: https://site/efd/456597

It was suggested to use impregnation of porous supports from birch bark and inner birch bark by water solution of KCl for obtaining of the potassium fertilizers applied with time of action. Instance of the supports nature, quantity of supported KCl and temperature of the biocomposite drying on the KCl leaching by water in static and dynamic conditions was studied. It was shown, that the potassium biocomposite fertilizers are characterized by a long-time leaching of KCl by water (no less 55 days) that provides their long time action.

In the process of harvesting and obtaining wood, large-tonnage wastes of birch bark accumulate.<...>Birch bark is a valuable raw material, the complex chemical processing of which makes it possible to obtain<...>Wood waste is an affordable, reproducible raw material for the production of porous composite carriers.<...>The birch bark content in the birch bark sample was (45 ± 1) wt %. %.<...>Obtaining enterosorben-12. of birch bark waste // Chemistry of vegetable raw materials. 2005. No. 1.

#5 [Chemistry for Sustainable Development, 2019]

The journal publishes original scientific reports and reviews on the chemistry of processes that are the basis of fundamentally new technologies created in the interests of sustainable development, or improvement of existing ones, conservation of the natural environment, saving resources, energy saving.

Birch bark waste generated during wood processing is mainly incinerated or disposed of in dumps.<...>birch bark.<...>birch bark (Betula pendula Roth.), size class 0–200 mm.<...>REFERENCES 1 Integrated sustainable waste management .<...>About 10 thousand hectares of land suitable for agriculture are annually alienated for waste.

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M.: PROMEDIA

The work is devoted to obtaining tannic extracts of larch bark with desired properties.

<...> <...> <...>Siberian State Technological University, work is underway to isolate tannins from waste<...>Condensation of conifer bark polyphenols on cellulose-based porous membranes.

Calculation and layout of equipment at sawmills and woodworking enterprises studies. allowance

Compiled in accordance with the state educational standard of higher professional education in the direction of training 250400.62 "Technology of logging and woodworking industries", the curriculum and work program for the discipline "Technology of logging and woodworking industries". General information about the technological processes at sawmills based on various head equipment is given with a description of the auxiliary equipment used. A technique for performing technological calculation of sawmill flows based on the main types of head log sawing equipment is described.

Processing of low-quality wood and waste also includes: processing of tree greens and bark<...>In chips from logging waste (branches and tops), the bark content is allowed up to 20%, rot up to 5% and<...>In industry, the most common use of waste and bark as fuel.<...>Technological scheme of the workshop for processing wood waste and bark into fuel briquettes: 1 belt<...>conveyor; 2 waste shredder; 3 belt conveyor; 4 bunker stock of raw materials crushed bark; 5 shutter

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Taxation of the forest (workshop) studies. allowance

The description of technical means and methods of taxation of various forest objects is given. Examples of valuation of felled and growing trees, measurement and accounting of timber, determination of forest stand taxation indicators according to enumerative and measuring valuation, forest sorting, structure of forest stands, the course of growth of plantations and logging fund inventory are considered.

Volumes of business assortments are calculated without bark, and firewood in bark.<...>The volume of waste (the bark of the business part and the tip) is:<...>The diameter in the bark is measured first on all sections, all subsequent ones without bark.<...>and without bark, and for other age periods only without bark.<...>Firewood and waste are also obtained from business trunks.

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Peculiarities of chemical degradation of soils in the landscapes of the south of the Far East. Monograph

GOU VPO VSUES

The characteristics of the components, the classification of landscapes in the south of the Far East, and the features of the soil cover are shown. It is noted that all types of degradation: biological, chemical, physical and mechanical cause a violation of the soil-ecological functions of the soil cover, and lead to an ecological imbalance, both in the state of landscapes and in the entire biosphere. Attention is focused on the chemical degradation of soils, the features of its manifestation, the factors of occurrence. The issues of monitoring the land fund were also considered. A list of legislative and regulatory documents in the field of soil protection is given.

The fine earth of the weathering crust is dominated by dust and silt fractions.<...>Shavings Bark Debarking waste Bark on wood In the cutting area Tree greens Fig. 44.<...>bark, gypsum binder or cement.<...>Raw materials are used both in bark and without bark, in air-dry (up to 25% humidity), semi-dry (humidity<...>stem wood; - bark.

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The development of the bioenergy industry in Russia is a popular topic. No wonder: for our country, with its forest resources and vast agricultural lands, it is logical to be at the forefront of alternative energy

not only highly profitable, but also allows enterprises to solve the problem of industrial waste disposal<...>Our information Fuel granules (pellets) - biofuel obtained from peat, wood waste and waste<...>The raw materials for the production of pellets can be peat, pulp (poor quality) wood and wood waste<...>: bark, sawdust, wood chips and other logging waste, as well as agricultural waste: corn waste<...>, straw, cereal production waste, sunflower husks, chicken manure, etc.

From September 1 to 4, 2008, the 12th international exhibition of machinery, equipment, accessories, tools and devices for the forestry, pulp and paper, woodworking and furniture industries took place in Moscow in pavilions and outdoor areas of the Expocentre

timber processing products, furniture production, forest restoration and protection, use of secondary waste<...>and landfills of household waste are overflowing.<...>All known types of wood waste can be used as fuel (bark with any impurities<...>and trimmings, trimmings, chips and sawdust, screenings and dust, as well as fast-growing raw materials - bushes and trees, waste<...>production - sugar cane pulp, rice husks, pods, plum stones, biological waste

No. 2 [News of higher educational institutions. Forest Journal, 2008]

ARKHANGELSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

The journal is a complex printed organ of higher educational institutions of the forestry profile. It publishes scientific articles on all branches of forestry, reports on the implementation of completed research into production, on best practices in forestry and the forest industry.

Microphotographs of cross sections of Siberian larch bark (a) and a briquette of dry debarking waste (b) Copyright<...>The use of tree bark in the national economy [Text] / D.G.<...>The maximum amount of undesirable impurities was noted in the bark. 5.<...>(The only exception, apparently, can be considered only the disposal of certain types of solid waste (bark, wood<...>-kor. RIA, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation.

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No. 4 [Forest messenger. Forestry Bulletin, 2010]

Previous name: Bulletin of the Moscow State Forest University - Forest Bulletin (until 2016) / The journal is a leading scientific and informational journal in the field of forestry, ecology, logging, woodworking, chemical technology and wood processing, the economics of the forestry complex. The journal publishes: articles by scientists of higher education, scientific research institutes, foreign experts, heads of enterprises and engineers; texts of scientists' reports at symposiums, conferences and meetings; annotations and reviews of new books; journalistic and historical literary materials. Editor-in-Chief - Oblivin Alexander Nikolaevich, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of Higher Education, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, President of the Moscow State Forest University, Professor of the Department of Processes and Devices for Woodworking Production at Moscow State Forest University

m3 7740.1 lye thousand tons 4170.0 Annual resource: firewood, logging waste thousand m3 3091.7 bark thousand<...>wood chips Bark Sawdust and processing residues Resource Use Fig� 2� Comparison of resources and actual<...>diameters of timber in the bark, without bark, healthy part and rot, m; a1, a2, a3, a4 are constants of the initial<...>larch bark particles are almost four times larger than pine bark particles� Although the strength<...>for larch bark compression is slightly less than that of pine bark� The greatest strength reaches the value

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Synthesis of 2, 4-diamino-6-trinitromethyl-1, 3, 5-triazines by substitution of the trinitromethyl group with heterocyclic and aromatic amines [Electronic resource] / Bakharev, Gidaspov, Peresedova // Izvestia of higher educational institutions. Chemistry and chemical technology.- 2007 .- No. 1 .- P. 85-87 .- Access mode: https://site/efd/265642

M.: PROMEDIA

The substitution of the trinitromethyl group has been studied.

Ryazanova EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ULTRAFILTRATION OF LARCH BARK EXTRACTS (Siberian<...>University) The effect of concentration on the process of ultrafiltration of alcohol-alkaline extracts of the bark<...>As a result of its processing, a large amount of bark remains, which is a waste.<...>The larch bark makes up 20 - 29% of the tree trunk.<...>The content of tannins in larch bark can reach up to 20%, which makes it a potential raw material for

No. 2 [Bulletin of the Perm University. Geology, 2019]

The topics of the articles in the series "Geology" of the journal "Bulletin of the Perm University" reflect the scientific direction of the Geological Faculty "Development of the theory and methodology of forecasting and integrated development of geological resources." Issues of geology, prospecting and exploration of combustible, solid minerals, hydrogeology, karstology, engineering geology, geoecology, geophysical methods of subsurface exploration are outlined.

Archean-Paleoproterozoic history of metamorphism of the rocks of the Ural segment of the earth's crust // Tr.<...>Key words: waste, recycling, soda, slag, bark, salt waste, Perm region.<...>water extract of waste (Table 3).<...>Pulp and paper mill waste in Krasnokamsk.<...>Currently, the area of the bark dump is about 22 hectares, the total volume of bark and wood chips waste is about

Preview: Bulletin of the Perm University. Geology №2 2019.pdf (0.9 Mb)

Technology of sawmilling and woodworking industries studies. allowance

The technological process and equipment of sawmill production, the issues of preparation of raw materials, drying and storage of sawn timber, methods of cutting logs and the theoretical basis for calculating the settings for cutting sawn raw materials are considered. The tasks for the course work are given.

There should be no waste as a waste part of raw materials.<...>The bottom of the pool is periodically cleaned of silt, debris and bark.<...>The value of waste is increased if it does not have bark.<...>During the debarking process, sand and various inclusions that enter the bark during harvesting are removed along with the bark.<...>(bark, sawdust, slabs, slats, scraps).

Preview: Technology of sawmilling and woodworking industries tutorial.pdf (0.7 Mb)

The use of forest fodder resources in animal husbandry scientific. analyte review

M.: FGBNU "Rosinformagrotech"

The review considers the possibilities of using forest resources in fodder production, characterizes their various groups in terms of nutritional value, and shows the main directions of processing into fodder products using modern technologies and equipment. Recommendations are given on the formation of optimal diets, feed mixtures using forest feed, doses of feeding them to various animals. The economic efficiency of their use in animal husbandry is shown.

bark.<...>Branch bark generally has a higher digestibility than stem bark.<...>Leaves, bark Bird cherry leaves, bark, flowers, fruits Wild pistachio (turpentine tree) Bark<...>A limited part of sawmill solid waste is used (about 42%), a small amount of waste<...>trees, greenery waste.

Preview: The use of forest fodder resources in animal husbandry. Scientific analytical review. 2011.pdf (0.6 Mb)

The recommendations provide explanations on the technique and technology of allotment and valuation of logging sites in various plantations of the Arkhangelsk region. The taxation standards, the method of processing allotment materials using a computer and remote processing according to the programs of the Arkhangelsk branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Roslesinforg" are given.

<...> <...> <...> <...>

Preview: Recommendations for the allotment and valuation of cutting areas in plantations of the Arkhangelsk region.pdf (1.2 Mb)

USE OF WASTE OF PROCESSING GREEN MASS OF GERANIA AS FEED ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

M.: ALL-UNION ORDER OF LENIN AND THE ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES NAMED AFTER V.I. LENIN

The main purpose and objectives of the research: - to find out the chemical composition and nutritional value of waste from the processing of geranium green mass; - to develop an effective technology for their harvesting and feeding;

Feed meal was given to animals mixed with feed.<...>Cows were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.<...>The live weight of cows practically did not change.<...>Thus, the use of feed flour from geranium processing waste as feed for dairy cows<...>The use of flour from geranium processing waste as feed for pigs and cows and its impact on

Preview: USE OF WASTE PROCESSING GREEN MASS OF GERANIA AS FEED.pdf (0.0 Mb)

Recommendations for the allotment and valuation of cutting areas in plantations of the Arkhangelsk region

Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov

The recommendations provide explanations on the technique and technology of allotment and valuation of logging sites in various plantations of the Arkhangelsk region. The taxation standards, the method of processing materials of allotment using a computer and remote processing according to the programs of the Arkhangelsk branch of FSUE "Roslesinforg" are given.

Wood trunks are counted in the bark and their number is multiplied by the volume of the trunk in the bark.<...>The volume of business assortments in the appendix is given without bark, it is classified as waste.<...>The output of firewood from business trunks is given in the bark.<...>Option 3 in the forest taxation subarea trunks, m3 wood trunks, m3 waste commercial assortment firewood waste<...>Option 3 forest management sub-regions trunks, m3 wood trunks, m3 waste business assortment firewood waste

Preview: Recommendations for the allotment and valuation of cutting areas in plantations of the Arkhangelsk region.pdf (1.0 Mb)

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION AND PRACTICAL USE OF FODDER BY-PRODUCTS OF OIL AND FAT AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN FARM ANIMALS DIETS ABSTRACT DIS. ... DOCTOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

VOLGOGRAD SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF MEAT AND DAIRY CATTLE AND PROCESSING OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS

The purpose of the research is the scientific substantiation and practical use of by-products of the fat-and-oil and processing industry in the diets of farm animals. On the. Based on the obtained results and literature data, various aspects of the inclusion of these products in animal feeding are considered.

Mustard cake "Protein Sarepta-5" in feeding dairy cows "Protein Sarepta-5" was included in the diet of cows<...>dug; three groups of cows-analogues* were formed, 10 animals each.<...>Table 17 " " . "Rations of experimental cows . .<...>Yu 100 - . 2.0 0.58 114.8 114.4 22.3 No. 3 feed mixture for cows 70. 30 100 . 1.8 2.5 0.67 167.1 117.7<...>The use of granules from waste processing of buckwheat and sunflower seeds in feeding cows

Preview: SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION AND PRACTICAL USE OF FODDER BY-PRODUCTS OF THE OIL AND FAT AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN FARM ANIMALS DIET.pdf (0.0 Mb)

No. 4 [Ecological Bulletin of Russia, 2012]

The best modern available eco-technologies. Ecological norms and rules, laws, decrees, orders, methods, instructions, etc. Review of equipment novelties. Interviews with leading experts from various industries. Topical articles on eco-management, eco-audit (environmental payments), eco-monitoring, eco-insurance. Analytical information in the areas of petrochemical complexes, waste management, water supply, alternative energy, climate change. Information about the largest Russian and foreign exhibitions, conferences, seminars and other measures.

Three of the ten largest refineries in the world are in South Korea.<...>There are four LNG regasification plants in the Republic of Korea.<...>The coal reserves of the Republic of Korea are insignificant.<...>In Korea, LNG coming from about.<...>Household waste accounts for 97-98% of all PET waste.

Preview: Ecological Bulletin of Russia No. 4 2012.pdf (1.6 Mb)

No. 2 [Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Chemistry. Journal of Siberian Federal University/ Chemistry, 2014]

The series "Chemistry" is multidisciplinary in terms of published results of fundamental and applied research. However, preference is given to works devoted to the chemical aspects of environmental management. The high relevance of this topic is due to the presence in the Siberian region of huge resources of natural, mineral and organic raw materials. New technologies for the chemical processing of these resources into demanded products (noble and non-ferrous metals, motor fuels, cellulose, etc.) should not only be cost-effective, but also ensure minimal damage to the environment and human health.

Attracting new types of renewable raw materials, in particular pine bark waste, in order to obtain sorbents<...>Introduction<...>As a sulfite liquor, wastes from bisulfite pulping of the Yenisei Pulp and Paper Mill (Yenisei Pulp and Paper Mill) were used.<...>Obviously, this is due to the process of colmatation, which occurs during the treatment of waste with sulfite<...>When treating waste with water, such a clogging effect is not observed.

Preview: Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Ser. Chemistry №2 2014.pdf (0.5 Mb)

Introduction to the specialty "Chemical processing of wood" studies. allowance

The textbook for the elective course is a scientific material that reflects the technological processes of chemical processing of wood and their significance for practical human activities, the purpose of which is to train students in the field of technological processes for this processing.

Processing of bark, wood, tree greens and waste.<...>Sawmill waste.<...>Woodworking waste.<...>When using all wood waste: sawdust, shavings, stumps, bark and HPD waste (lye, lignin, etc.)<...>All wood waste resources are divided into: 1) Potential waste includes all waste and losses

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"QUALITY OF MILK AND BUTTER WHEN USING HYDROLYSIS SUGAR FROM WOOD WASTE AND "FOREST MIXED FEED" IN THE DIETS OF COWS"" ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW ORDER OF LENIN AND THE ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV

The following tasks were set: - to study the effect of hydrolytic sugar and "forest mixed fodder" on the digestibility and use of nutrients in the diet and biochemical parameters of blood; - to establish the effect of feed additives on milk productivity, composition, physico-chemical and technological properties of milk during its processing into butter; - to study the quality of fresh butter, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of milk fat; - to identify changes in the taste of butter, the physicochemical properties of milk fat and its fatty acid composition during the year-long storage of butter, at a temperature of minus 18 ° C; - to determine the economic efficiency of the use of feed hydrolytic sugar from wood and "forest compound feed".

HYDROLYSIS SUGAR FROM WOOD WASTE AND FOREST MIXED FEED* 06.02.04 - private animal husbandry; technology<...>However, the question of the quality of milk and butter is when using hydrolytic sugar from waste in the diets of cows<...>This contributed to less waste of fat in skimmed milk.<...>The output of adasla is determined by the amount of cream, the state of their fat phase and the waste of fat and buttermilk.<...>The milk fat of cows that received hydrolytic sugar from waste wood had a higher content

Preview: THE QUALITY OF MILK AND BUTTER WHEN USING HYDROLYSIS SUGAR FROM WOOD WASTE AND FOREST MIXED FEED IN THE DIETS OF COWS.pdf (0.0 Mb)

The faunistic composition of beetles (Coleoptera) of the Voronezh region was studied. 39 species new to the region from 12 families of beetles were identified.

Under bark. V. Very rare. False elephant family - Anthribidae. Araecerus coffeae (F.)<...>Under bark. X. Rare. Hylastes cunicularius Er. Novousmansky district. Forest. Under bark. V. Common.<...>Under bark. IV. Very rare. Scolytus rugulosus (Ratz.) Novousmansky district. Forest. Under bark. VII.<...>Under bark. V. Very rare. Zlatki family - Buprestidae. Agrilus delphinensis Ab.<...>Under bark. VII. Very rare. Microrhagus pygmaeus (F.) Novousmansky district. Forest. Under bark. VII.

Biotechnology in animal husbandry: guidelines for practical exercises

RIC SGSKhA

The guidelines cover questions on the study of biotechnology as a science and its areas of application, consider the latest methods of biotechnology - cellular and genetic engineering, describe environmentally friendly methods for obtaining and using biopreparations for agriculture; examples of biological methods of processing and disposal of waste are given.

intestines), plant waste, silage, rotten grain, sewage, fats, biowaste, food waste<...>If some waste can be simply stored in septic tanks, then for disposal (for example, at waste

ALL-UNION ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER SCIENTIFIC

Purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the research was to develop a technology for the preparation of high-grade silage from green pea waste and to study the effectiveness of its use in the diets of lactating cows. In research tasks. included: 1. To study the possibility and efficiency of preparing a full-fledged silage. 2. To study the chemical composition of the feedstock and the finished full-fledged silo. 3. Determine the loss of nutrients in the process of ensiling and storage. 4. To study the features of biochemical processes in a full-fledged silo. 5. Determine the digestibility of feed nutrients by the in vitro method and in direct experiments on animals, the balance and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. 6. Determine the productive effect on the economic efficiency of a full-fledged animal silage.

Technology and commodity science of products of low-waste processing of coniferous greenery monograph

Sib. feder. university

A theoretical substantiation of the use of timber processing waste as a raw material for obtaining valuable import-substituting products is given. The author's interpretation of the use value of products of resource-saving technologies and its environmental component is presented.

Allocate production waste and consumer waste.<...>Cutting waste consists of small non-utilizable (sawdust, bark, cones, etc.) and large residues.<...>Fir bark, like tree greens, is also a large-tonnage waste

At the same time, the consumption of fodder specially grown for this purpose is reduced to a minimum.<...>Based on the available information about the thermal properties of feed, we have determined: 1) the values of heat capacity<...>=^0.5 kcal/m hour deg (Table 1) optimal values of the heat transfer coefficient for the considered cores<...>With minor phase transformations, heating of feed in thin-layer surface apparatuses can be<...>The duration of heating of the crust in the layer depends on the intensity of heat transfer, vapor pressure, shape and

Preview: STUDY OF THE POTATO AND FOOD WASTE BOILING PROCESS.pdf (0.0 Mb)

No. 2 [Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Chemistry. Journal of Siberian Federal University/ Chemistry, 2012]

In the process of harvesting and obtaining wood, large-tonnage waste accumulates, several uterine passages depart in the transverse direction.<...>4-6 uterine passages, 10-15 long<...>The female gnaws out a platform (") under the bark of an irregular shape, from which a short one sometimes departs, no more than<...>From the breeding chamber, which is usually gnawed out in the thickness of the bark, several molasses depart star-shaped<...>From the breeding chamber, which is often placed in the thickness of the bark, 1-3 molasses depart in the longitudinal direction

Preview: Key to bark beetles.pdf (0.2 Mb)

The possibility of purification of model solutions from Fe3+ ions (1000 mg/l) with an extract from bark sawdust and bast leaves was studied. The efficiency of purification of model water from Fe3+ ions was determined, which was: when using an extract from sawdust of oak bark 51%, an extract from oak leaves - 54%. The morphological composition and kinetics of sediment sedimentation have been studied. It was determined that iron (III) ions with the compounds included in the extract form complex metallurgical compounds

Wood waste consists of bark (10%), wood chips and shavings (3%), sawdust (8%) and slab (45%), etc., 2019, no. 2, pp. 111–118. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.2.111

DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.2.111 Keywords: utilization of bark and wood waste, mechanical activation<...>for deeper processing of wood and reduction of accumulated bark and wood waste<...>Despite the variety of promising ways to dispose of these wastes, their main<...>It has been established that for the use of pine bark waste as backfill insulation, the optimal is<...>Analysis of the directions of debarking waste processing // Actual directions of scientific research of the XXI century

Technology of composite materials and products. Part 2. Technology for the manufacture of products from chopped wood: a tutorial

The training manual provides basic information about wood press masses and wood-adhesive compositions. Physical and mechanical properties, manufacturing methods, technological properties, technical characteristics, sawdust briquetting technology are considered. The textbook can be used when writing sections of thesis design.

bark briquetting Waste debarking after debarking machines is a product consisting of pieces<...>waste .<...>bark of smaller fractions is required.<...>Bark briquettes are pressed on sawdust or other wood waste briquetting presses.<...>Briquetting of bark and small wood waste [Text]; VNIPIElesgrom A.M. Solovov.

In agricultural and bark-woody biomass, the carbon content is 51–53%; in peat, it is about<...>In garden waste, paper, wood, textiles, as well as peat, agricultural and bark-woody biomass<...>Humidity of peat and bark-woody biomass is about 40%.<...>9.04 Brown coal Mugunsky B3 17.54 Brown coal Azeysky B3 17.33 Agricultural biomass 17.5 Bark wood<...>It should be noted that in terms of lower calorific value, solid fuel obtained from MSW is superior to bark-wood fuel.

Wood waste is generated in large volumes during logging and wood processing. They do not pose a threat to human health, but they are processed anyway. After all, sawdust, shavings, wood chips, etc. - this is a valuable raw material that is used to make new materials and not only. The scope of wood waste is described in the article.

Waste wood is waste obtained during the processes of harvesting, processing, processing wood and after the use of wood materials and products.

The main suppliers of wood waste are various branches of the forest industry and wood processing plants. Wood waste generated at such enterprises can be used in the manufacture of various kinds of products.

Wood waste also accumulates during the so-called sanitary felling (large branches, tops, low quality wood, etc.). They are also formed when caring for plants on the street in settlements, parks, recreation areas, etc.

Among other things, wood waste is generated in large quantities from the demolition and dismantling of buildings in cities, and similar garbage is also found in household waste.

All wood waste can be divided into types and types in accordance with slightly different classifications. There are two main types:

Waste obtained from the sawmilling process and after cutting down trees. This type includes branches and bark, needles of coniferous trees, etc. In this case, when harvesting timber for logs, there are practically no sawdust. The above-mentioned wastes obtained are poorly transported and therefore are first subjected to grinding.
Woodworking waste (obtained as a result of processing trees). This type of wood waste consists of slats, sawdust, wood dust, shavings, etc.

According to the nature of biomass, the following types of waste are distinguished:

branches and leaves of trees;
the remains of tree trunks;
bark waste;
rotten wood.

In addition, waste, depending on the shape and size, can be lumpy (cuts, lath, etc.) and soft (chips, sawdust). Also, sawdust, wood chips, shavings, wood waste, bark, etc., obtained from different sources, differ in such a feature as the density of wood waste.

The wastes under consideration, depending on their type, can belong either to IV (low-hazardous) or to V (almost non-hazardous) class. So, for example, sawdust of fiberboard and chipboard are classified as hazard class IV, and chips, sawdust, shavings from pure natural wood are classified as hazard class V (according to FKKO). At the same time, such garbage should not be contaminated with toxic substances. More detailed information on the issue of assigning waste to a particular hazard class, as well as the rules for handling them, can be found in Federal Law No. 89 dated 06/24/98, as well as in GOST 12.1.007 - 76.

What can be produced from waste wood

Wastes from sawmilling and wood processing in our country have been used for a long time for the manufacture of new products and materials. However, competition in this industry is still low. Therefore, the use of waste in the form of raw materials for production is a promising business idea.

What can be produced from waste wood? Consider the most popular destinations.

Briquettes

One of the most promising industries is the business of manufacturing fuel briquettes. This is due, first of all, to the fact that when burning these briquettes, almost the same amount of heat is released as when burning coal.

When burning coal, wood briquettes and ordinary firewood, 22 MJ/kg, 19 MJ/kg and 10 MJ/kg of heat are released, respectively.

In addition, as a result of the combustion process of the briquettes, a large amount of ash is not left and a relatively low amount of carbon dioxide is released.

The briquetting line consists of a crusher, a drying apparatus, a shock-mechanical press, a loading unit and a briquette cooling unit.

It is believed that the production of fuel briquettes is a business that pays off in a short time.

The following short video tells about the technological process of obtaining fuel briquettes, the equipment used for this

Pellets

Fuel pellets are used for heating not only private houses, but also industrial premises. The most popular material for the manufacture of pellets are sawdust. For this production, equipment will be required, including packing and packing units, coolers, press granulators, dryers, crushers. You can purchase devices from Europe, which are initially focused on the production of pellets from sawdust. Moreover, in this case, sawdust can be wet, because. installations carry out their simultaneous drying. Diesel fuel and gas are used for the operation of such devices.

In the business of producing fuel pellets, you can use straw, crop waste, but the quality of the product will be reduced. Pellets without impurities are used for heating private houses, with impurities - for industrial premises. Also, pellets with a high content of additional components are sold in the form of cat litter.

Fibreboards are widely used in construction, finishing works and in the manufacture of furniture. The process of production of fiberboard from waste consists of the following stages:

cleaning and crushing of raw materials;
steaming;
re-grinding;
drying;
molding;
pressing, grinding and decorative finishing.

To open a business, you can purchase both Russian and foreign equipment.

Fuel

To implement a business idea for the production of fuel, a pyrolysis plant is required. It consists of three main units: the unit where the wood is prepared, the pyrolysis boiler and the gas piston power plant. The production of such installations has been carried out in our country for about 80 years.

Other products

Note! For a successful business, you can use not only sawdust.

So, for example, the bark and needles of coniferous plants can be boiled in order to obtain a useful and valuable condensate. The presence in it of many biologically active substances, vitamins, organic acids, etc. causes its use in the production of cosmetics, medicines and animal feed. Also, the remaining needles themselves can be processed into feed additives in the form of flour, the value of which lies in its bactericidal properties.

Among other things, wood waste can be used in the fertilizer business. To this end, they resort to such a method of destruction of organic residues as composting. As a result of the decomposition of raw materials laid in compost trenches, a fertilizer similar to humus is obtained.

Wood waste power plants

Wood waste can be used as biofuel for mini-CHP. On the domestic market, you can find offers for the sale of autonomous, automated power plants operating on raw wood waste. Thus, one of the Ural companies develops projects and manufactures thermal power plants with highly reliable boilers, with efficient and high-quality combustion chambers, with hydraulic fuel supply for burning wood residues, as well as with steam turbines for the production of inexpensive heat and electricity. The cost of such installations from different manufacturers varies between 7 - 7.5 million rubles.

The use of wood biofuels in CHP plants for the purpose of generating their own energy is more economically feasible compared to the use of traditional fuels, because. burning cheap wood waste is much more profitable than fuel oil, coal, etc.

Briquetting sawdust at home

You can also make briquettes from woodworking waste at home. However, for this venture to be profitable, you will have to use fairly simple equipment made by yourself (unless, of course, the goal is to produce briquettes for sale).

In the manufacture of wood briquettes at home for their molding, they resort to using wallpaper or other (cheap) glue, clay, paper, corrugated cardboard.

At home (in the absence of special equipment), the following technology is observed to obtain fuel briquettes:

Sawdust is soaked in water and mixed with clay in a ratio of 1:10. Glue or wet cardboard can also be added (instead of clay).
The workpiece is transferred into the molds of a hand-made hand press and the mixture is pressed with it.
Next, the briquettes extracted from the molds are dried, placing them simply on the street.

The simplest model of the press for obtaining briquettes at home has a design with a screw manual drive. A container with numerous holes is filled with sawdust and placed on a fixed base, after which pressure is applied to the mixture by screw twisting. Such presses are simple in design, but ineffective. Therefore, craftsmen create other more complex installations. For example, a homemade press, in which a long lever is used to compress the mixture.

You can use wood waste not only in the manufacture of briquettes to keep the house warm. The production of products and materials based on this waste is a great idea for a business without fierce competition and which does not require the introduction of complex installations. Such a business will bring profit to its owner and save our ecology.

Extended list of biological waste:

1. Waste from cleaning vehicles and sites for unloading and storing wood raw materials

2. Waste bark

3. Bark with a touch of earth

4. Waste stripping equipment when steaming wood

5. Wood dust, from sanding natural clean wood

6. Trim plywood containing resin binders

7. Rejection of plywood blanks containing binder resins

8. Plywood sawdust containing binder resins

9. Chipboard and/or fiberboard sawdust

10. Miscellaneous wood sawdust (e.g. containing chipboard and/or fiberboard sawdust)

11. Chips of chipboard and/or fibreboard

12. Miscellaneous wood chips (e.g. containing chipboard and/or fiberboard chips)

13. Sawdust and shavings of dissimilar wood (e.g. containing sawdust and shavings of chipboard and/or fibreboard)

14. Trimmings, lumpy waste of chipboard and / or wood-fiber boards

15. Trim of dissimilar wood (e.g. containing chipboard and/or fibreboard trim)

16. Defective chipboard and/or fibreboard

17. Dust from the manufacture and processing of particle boards and/or fibreboards

18. Dust from dissimilar wood processing (e.g. containing particle board and/or fibreboard dust)

19. Sludge from the manufacture and processing of chipboard and / or fiberboard

20. Sludge from dissimilar wood processing (e.g. containing chipboard and/or fibreboard sludge)

21. Substandard wood fiber containing binder resins, in the manufacture of wood-fiber carpet in the production of wood-fiber boards

22. Pulp sorting waste

23. Waste wood pulp screening process in its production

24. Mineral waste from the pulp screening process in its production

25. Waste stripping equipment for pulp production

26. Waste of rough sorting of waste paper in the production of paper pulp

27. Waste of fine sorting of waste paper in the production of paper pulp

28. Drying and forming polyester mesh for paper machines that has lost its consumer properties

29. Lacquered paper waste from bookbinding and finishing activities

30. Waste plywood and products from it, uncontaminated

31. Waste wood fiber boards and products from them, uncontaminated

32. Waste wood products impregnated with oil

33. Waste wood products with impregnation and coatings, unsorted

34. Waste wood products contaminated with oil products (oil content less than 15%)

35. Waste wood products contaminated with thioglycolic acid

36. Wooden containers contaminated with plant protection products, hazard class 3

37. Wooden containers contaminated with phenol-formaldehyde resins

38. Waste wood products contaminated with inorganic substances of natural origin

39. Waste electrical insulating paper

40. Electrical insulating waste paper and cardboard with bakelite varnish

41. Waste paper with an adhesive layer

42. Waste packaging materials from paper and cardboard contaminated with alkali metal chlorides

43. Waste paper and cardboard packaging contaminated with alkali metal hydroxides

44. Waste of packaging materials from paper and cardboard, contaminated with perchlorates (content not more than 1%)

45. Waste packaging made of paper and cardboard contaminated with alkali metal iodides (content not more than 1%)

46. waste of packaging materials from paper and cardboard, contaminated with barium salts

47. Waste paper and cardboard packaging contaminated with aluminum salts

48. Waste packaging materials from paper and cardboard contaminated with non-metallic insoluble or slightly soluble mineral products

Russia has the most significant forest reserves, almost a quarter of the world's.

The forests of our country are a colossal resource base.

Wherein used less than half of all wood waste, and in Siberia, that is, in the most “forest” region of our country, no more than 35% of wood raw materials.

The rest is simply thrown away without any attempt at disposal.

Remain unrecycled:

tree greens;
bark;
sawdust;
shavings.

Thus, the figures indicate the presence of business development opportunities in this industry.

In the recent past, sawmill waste was simply destroyed. A business built on the basis of wood waste processing is:

promising;
does not require significant investments;
having an accessible organization of production.

Waste production in the woodworking and forestry industries are lumpy and soft waste:

woodworking;
plywood production;
furniture production;
sleepers;
sawmilling.

They also include:

branches;
branches;
tree greens;
tops;
roots;

The scope of wood waste is very extensive.

Sawdust can be used in hydrolysis production, for the manufacture of gypsum sheets, for heating.
From shavings it is possible to produce chipboard and cement chipboard, which are used in the construction of houses.
From wood waste paper is made; they are also used in agriculture.
Wood chips predominantly coniferous species is used for the production of building material that is unique in its characteristics.

Where to get wood waste inexpensively or for free

When using wood in any area, be it furniture production, construction, etc., wood waste can be between 35 and 50%.

Utilization of wood waste in cities is a serious problem. They are formed during the care of trees and during the sanitary felling of green spaces on the street, in parks, forest parks, squares. These wastes are low quality wood of medium size:

branches;
tops;
edging of deciduous and coniferous species.

A significant problem in terms of disposal is sawn timber waste during the repair of premises and buildings, wooden products that have already gone out of use, furniture, and containers. A huge amount of wood waste is generated during sawmilling.

Under the condition of self-delivery, almost all types of wood waste can be obtained absolutely free of charge.

Cost-Effective Options for Using Sawdust

There are many ways to make money on wood waste, in particular, on sawdust. We list the main options, and below we will consider some of them in more detail:

production of sawdust concrete. It is possible both at enterprises and privately;
on livestock farms, sawdust can be used as bedding for livestock;
in greenhouses, industrial greenhouses, sawdust can act as a constituent of the soil, plant nutrition;
sawdust on their own excellent fuel;
sawdust - compost in agriculture;
for private houses sawdust is used as insulation in attics and basements;
production of chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, furniture structures sawdust - the main raw material;
for sewage treatment plants in industry, sawdust can serve as waste water filters;
sawdust in half with peat - magnificent dry closet filler.

During the cooking of pine and cedar bark, woody greens, condensate accumulates at the bottom of the distillation vat, which is called VAT residue.

One of the inexpensive productions is its processing at coniferous extract.

Coniferous extract has a lot of biologically active substances that dissolve in water during prolonged cooking.

This condensate contains a large number of substances that have a beneficial effect on living organisms, including humans:

vitamins;
chlorophylls;
organic acids.

Concentration of condensate turns it into a coniferous extract, which has high consumer properties.

The extract can be successfully used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry in agriculture, as well as a preparation for taking therapeutic baths. Coniferous extract can also be used for the industrial production of antibiotics for animals.

Feed meal

After digestion of the extract, approximately 90% of the feedstock (pine and cedar bark, tree greens) remains in the form of waste solid waste. Business income can be increased with further processing of solid waste into feed meal.

Feed flour has bactericidal and anti-tuberculosis properties. It can be used as an alternative to roughage.

fertilizers

Fertilizer can be prepared from wood waste using a fairly simple composting process.

The main costs in the implementation of this project are the laying and equipment of trenches for the preparation of compost mass.

It would be advisable to use such compost to improve the fertility of highly mineralized and loamy soils.

Charcoal

Recycling wood waste is a promising area that has a lot of areas for implementation. Many technologies that are based on the processing of wood waste are successful in the market.

- one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly fuels, consisting of almost one hundred percent carbon. When burned, it does not poison the air with toxic fumes and is quite convenient for quick cooking. It can be used not only in the economy, but also in industrial production.

A number of chemical and metallurgical industries operate on its use, from small to large ones. In the construction industry, it is used as an insulating material. Just like other derivatives of wood waste, it is successfully used in agriculture as a feed additive for livestock and poultry.

The spent mass of wood waste can be used for further processing as fuel.

The use of modern and environmentally friendly fuels will help provide the population with inexpensive energy sources, while reducing the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Thus, the negative impact on the environment is reduced, and the sanitary condition of forests is improved.

In recent years, the EU countries have been undergoing a very active transition to organic fuel. The market is stimulated by government agencies, turning towards:

fuel pellets;
briquettes;
firewood.

Energy carriers from wood waste are currently purchased in significant quantities.

We buy equipment

Of course, processing requires:

equipment;
electricity;
room;
warehouses for storing raw materials and finished products.

Equipment for the production of briquettes and fuel pellets on the market is available in sufficient variety, both from foreign and domestic factories. With equal quality, Russian equipment costs several cheaper.

The equipment package includes:

chipper(machine for grinding raw materials), from 180 thousand rubles to 2.3 million rubles;
granulator. Cost from 50 thousand rubles. up to 2.1 million rubles The price for the OGM-1.5 granulator model is about 1 million rubles;
Dryer. The spread of prices ranges from 150 thousand rubles. up to 2.5 million rubles;
packing machine. Price - from 80 thousand rubles. up to 2 million rubles

In general, equipment for making, for example, pellets can be an industrial line or a mini-granulator.

Approximate cost:

an industrial line that produces 1 ton/hour costs about $132,000;
with a capacity of 2 tons / hour will cost 196 thousand dollars;
the price of the line for 4.5 tons / hour is about 408 thousand dollars.

The price for a finished line, providing a capacity of 300 kg of product per hour, is about 1 million rubles. In the same case, if there is a room (own suburban area) and raw materials (wood waste at the lowest price or free of charge for pickup), then the investment, taking into account organizational issues, will amount to a little more than 1 million rubles.

Implementation and expansion of production

The sale of manufactured products can be carried out through the following channels:

wholesale firms that export goods abroad;
you can open your own online store;
sale through own outlets in the construction and economic markets;
sales to organizations that sell in construction markets and supermarkets.

One of the best ways business expansion for the sale of products based on sawdust is cooperation with municipalities.

The fact is that oil-fired boilers are installed in many formations. Their efficiency is many times lower than the efficiency of pellet boilers. If we agree with the local authorities on the replacement of fuel oil with pellet boilers(at the expense of budgetary funds) and the supply of your products, then everyone benefits.

Local authorities receive significant savings during the heating season, and fuel producers receive a significant channel for selling their own products.

It is also worth paying attention to areas where there is no gasification.

In such areas, it is possible with considerable success for business to sell fuel briquettes.

But first it is necessary to explain the advantages of boilers operating on fuel briquettes.

Business expansion opportunities will thus be achieved by increasing the number of sales of manufactured products.

Difficulties

The difficulties that may arise in the implementation of this business are usually reduced to several points:

transportation of finished products over long distances is not always profitable;
when certifying, for example, fuel pellets, certain difficulties may arise. The second point is the composition of the fuel: it should not contain more than 30% bark;
for the full implementation of finished products, it will be necessary to independently search for consumers;
Control over workers in production is a must for any type of business.

On the other hand, the domestic market of our country needs more and more various wood processing products, and demonstrates full readiness for their use.

Where to start and the price of the issue

Production activities require the presence of an individual entrepreneur or LLC under the USN taxation system (6% or 15%, respectively). For the operation of the enterprise it is required:

2-3 handymen;
driver;
accountant;
sales manager.

A business based on the use of wood waste, if properly organized, can bring significant profit. At the same time, the level of investments can vary from the smallest to the largest. Which production to choose depends on the level of opportunities and claims.

Due to the huge amount of wood waste to be processed in our country and their affordability, it makes sense to start Earn Money in this industry.

Using such waste as raw materials, businesses will help solve a number of pressing environmental problems:

cleaning forest areas from wood waste, preventing their decay;
prevention of forest fires;
when used as a fuel, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
contributes to the conservation of forests.

findings

In Western Europe and many other countries in recent decades, they have turned their faces to ecological fuels, as well as to non-waste types of production in general.

With the active support of the state and subsidies from it in support of these types of businesses, we can soon expect more active development of commercial projects based on the processing of wood waste.

The trends that develop in the West are always or almost always the harbingers of commercial trends in our country, so it might be worth taking a closer look at them.

Given the ever-increasing global demand for environmentally friendly and cheap energy, people with a commercial streak should hurry to take this most profitable and promising business niche which is just starting to fill up.

This is how a wood chipper works:

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