Write your own conclusion to this chapter. Conclusions to the abstract: how to formulate and write them correctly

The correct use of this skill is a very important factor for making effective daily decisions. Here are some tips on how to learn to draw conclusions in everyday life.

Steps

Be open-minded. Errare humanum est- humans tend to make mistakes. We are all short-sighted, and very often we see only one side of the issue, so we are not able to see the whole picture. You see some part, we know separate part and thus we often build erroneous conclusions, conclusions and judgments from a single point of view. Narrow-mindedness is a serious shortcoming in inference that you should avoid.

Try (test) everything and hold on to the good. Get rid of all the prejudices in your head. Do not think that there is no truth except for the science you are studying. If you judge someone's opinion before you study it in detail, you will not learn anything, but will only close your eyes.

• Try to find out the truth in things you don't know. The bigger the challenge, the more you learn by creating new connections between neurons in your head and improving your ability to draw conclusions.
• Expand your reading circle and be interested in a variety of topics.

1. Seek the truth and prove its persuasiveness. Never imagine that you know absolutely everything about a subject and there is nothing more to prove.

   • Human creatures dug with great difficulty, looking for gold and hidden treasures. They had to wade through the earth and mud to find the real pure metal. But all the work was not in vain, gold in spite of everything is gold, and will enrich the person who will make efforts to search for it. remember, that truth is more precious than gold.

2. Separate real truth from imaginary. When looking for gold, for example, you will have to go through sand, rocks, and slag. The external luster may be similar to gold. The ability to separate the truth comes with constant and frequent practice in seeking the truth without prejudice or arrogance.

   Find out the truth about a different point of view and don't get too offended. Some people cling so tightly to their beliefs that they don't even want to think if others question their beliefs, which are considered infallible and sacred. No person is perfect. To think someone is perfect is to refuse to draw conclusions. Thus, welcome criticism as it is a way to test your beliefs, ideas, and views.

   • Be humble. Immediately unconditionally and completely get rid of the errors and prejudices that you managed to find. Remember that this applies to all matters of your life, even those related to political and religious beliefs.
   • Of course, being humble doesn't mean you'll be a doormat, use the criticism of others to build your strengths rather than drowning in your weaknesses. And learn to recognize criticism in someone's opinion and unconstructive corrections - don't let someone try to devalue you.

3. Learn from others. Confucius once said: "Among any people walking nearby, I will find a teacher for myself." Choose good qualities people and educate them in yourself, identify the bad ones and change them. You can always learn something from others, be it your parents, brothers, sisters, friends, neighbors, ministers, etc. If you see another person doing something good, learn to do the same by following his or her example. If you see a person doing something bad, learn from that experience too: learn how to do it right and don't repeat the same mistake (remember that you can't change the other person, but you can be a great role model).

   Forget enthusiasm. Enthusiasm is the biggest mistake that can obscure the facts and interfere (pervert) our conclusions so much that you cannot use your sanity or listen to other people's conclusions. To correctly draw conclusions, you must remain open-minded and calm.

   Find out all the facts. Look for best books industry, search the internet for the most reliable sources and learn from someone more knowledgeable in the field.

   • Take an online course from a university in a subject you used to find too difficult, like physics, astronomy, or math. Challenge yourself and develop your ability to draw conclusions.

4. Learn and apply logic in your conclusions.

   - Deductive reasoning is the ability to draw conclusions from the general to the particular. In deductive reasoning, if you follow a logical sequence, then the argument will be true, as well as the conclusion, if all the points were also true. For example, if "all men are mortal" is the main clause, then "Socrates is a man" is an additional premise, then the true conclusion would be: "Socrates is mortal", which must be true if the previous clauses were true. The deductive method is compared with the inductive one.

   - Inductive reasoning- this is the ability to come to a conclusion from the particular to the general, and is most often used in the derivation of theories. In the inductive method, particular facts do not necessarily entail a general conclusion. For example, if you put your hand into a bag of stones of an unknown color and all the stones that you take out white color, you can assume that all the stones in the bag are white. This may or may not be true. Your theory will be disproved if the next stone is not white. How more facts you collect, the larger the size of the stones, the closer the conclusions will be to the truth, which can be called conjecture. Your conclusion that the stones in the bag are white will be more true if you draw a thousand stones, and not ten. The collection of such data is statistical inference or probability.

   - Abductive reasoning- this is the ability to reach a conclusion or reason by choosing the best explanation, for example, in a medical diagnosis, which also applies to the inductive method, since the conclusions in the abductive argument are not drawn from unobserved facts. Abduction differs from other forms of inference in trying to choose the advantage of one hypothesis over another, trying to find an alternative incorrect explanation and choosing the one with a high probability. For example: "This patient is exhibiting (certain symptoms), they may be caused by various reasons, but (presumptive diagnosis) is preferred over others, because it is more likely ... "The concept of abduction was introduced into modern logic by the philosopher Charles Sanders Pierce Pierce says" I represent abduction when I express in a sentence everything that I see ... there is not one step forward can be done by simple observation if abduction is not used. The abductive method is also used for derivation explanations or effects. "The grass is wet, which means it must have been raining." Detectives as well as diagnostics are often associated with this ability to draw conclusions.

   - Analogous reasoning- this is the ability to compare, directly or indirectly drawing an analogy. This is a form of logical inference that draws conclusions from similarities in one aspect based on their similarities between questions in other aspects. The concept of analogy is attributed to Samuel Johnson: “Dictionaries are like clocks. Even the worst are better than none, and even the best cannot be expected to be absolutely accurate.”

Those who write any texts every day (articles, essays, term papers, etc.) come across various phrases and phrases that seem to be simple, but only at first glance. For example, the same "in conclusion" or "in conclusion". It seems that it is correctly spelled like this, and like that. But no. It's two different combinations, which have their own meanings and are used in different ways in the text.

Meaning of the word

As you know, the Russian language is rich in many interesting words, word combinations, phrases. Some words even sound similar to each other. They are sometimes very difficult to use in a letter. These include, for example, derivatives of prepositions and nouns:

• during the day - during the song;
• in the continuation of the conversation - in the continuation of the novel;
• due to deterioration of health - in the investigation of the case;
• at the end of the trip - two years in prison.

Those who constantly deal with writing texts can automatically distinguish when it is necessary to use “in conclusion” or “in conclusion”, depending on the context. But those who rarely write something may use the preposition and word form incorrectly. That is why it is important to learn to distinguish one from the other. After all, be that as it may, you still need to write correctly.

To begin with, to understand the spelling, you can look at how the endings of a given word are modified:

• Nominative case (answers the question who what?) - ending in "-s".
• Genitive case (answers the question who/what?) - ending in "-iya".
• Dative case (I give to whom; to what?) - ending in "-yu".
• Accusative case (I accuse who/what?) - ending in "-s".
• Instrumental case (I'm interested who/what?) - ending in "-em".
• Prepositional case (I will tell About who about what?) - ending in "-ii".

The word itself has several meanings. So, it could mean:

1. action (for example, the conclusion of a contract, marriage);
2. state (life imprisonment, imprisonment);
3. conclusion, result or consequence of something (expert opinion, conclusion of the work).

What is "in custody"?

This combination is not a part of speech. It's just a word form created from a noun and a preposition. Conclusion example:

• This man has been in prison for five years.
• In conclusion, you always want to be free.

To make it clearer, this word can be replaced by several synonyms. For example:

• captive;
• in captivity;
• locked up;
• under supervision (in custody).

That is, if we are talking, for example, about the end of writing a report, then it will be easy to decide whether to write “in conclusion” or “in conclusion”. After all, sitting in prison, it is hardly possible to write a report. The proposal will turn out to be very absurd and incomprehensible to the reader. But to write some kind of final thought, the ending to the report - this is quite possible.

What is "in closing"?

This combination is a preposition, which is often written separately, with a recognizable ending "-ie" and speaks of the completion of something. For example:

• At the end of the story, she bowed deeply and sat down in her place.
• There were fireworks at the end of the performance.
• At the end of the holiday, everyone received gifts.

If, after reading the examples, you still do not understand when “in conclusion” or “in conclusion” is used, then you can look at a few synonyms. For example:

• finally;
• in the end;
• at the end.

That is, if we are talking, for example, about a long stay in prison, then hardly anyone will write “in conclusion”. This would be a completely unreadable sentence. But if you write that someone was imprisoned long time, the sentence will make sense.

Exceptions to the rules

As already known, the preposition "in" together with a noun that ends in "-ie" in the accusative case and the ending of which coincides with the ending of the same noun in the nominative case, is written as follows - "in conclusion". But there are also exceptions to the rule. For example:

• He was interested in making a deal.(Many programs and online editors may flag this sentence as an error, but it is correct.)
• In the conclusion of the course work, the teacher found an error.(Another example where you might think the sentence is wrong.)

The fact is that in the first and second examples, what is written is not a stable combination that includes the ending “-s”, but a free combination in the prepositional case. Therefore, in addition to having knowledge of the rules, it is also necessary to pay attention to the context in which a particular word is used in order not to make a mistake.

Additional writing examples

To finally understand when and what kind of “conclusion” is used, you can read a few more simple and not very examples:

• At the end of the enthusiastic speech, the actor decided to thank his parents.
• The bandit had two hostages in custody.
• In conclusion, I would like to note that he was released on bail.
• He will be imprisoned, and it is unlikely that bail will be posted for him.
• Fireworks were fired at the end of the festival.
• They found several errors in the expert's report.
• At the conclusion of the transaction, all necessary changes were made.
• All parties were interested in concluding the deal.

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Abstract Introduction, which is about 10% of the total volume of work (usually 1-2 pages), is one of its most important parts. It is no secret that lecturers who are limited in time, as a rule, read only the introduction and conclusion in the abstracts. This is enough for them. An experienced teacher, after reading these sections, is quite capable of assessing the level of preparation of the author of the work as a whole. Therefore, both the introduction and conclusion of the abstract, should be written in an interesting and competent way, at a level that can satisfy the most demanding teacher.

It is not difficult to write a competent abstract introduction if you follow certain rules and recommendations.

1. In the first lines, it is necessary to show the relevance of the topic considered in the abstract, to show what problems humanity had in the past, which it has in the present due to the unresolved problems you describe.
2. Describe the degree of knowledge, i.e. add a few phrases about the history and study of the question, by whom and when the research was carried out, what results were achieved, who and what failures befell.
3. Describe the goal. The purpose of the abstract can be: describe, establish, consider, highlight, reveal, etc. As a rule, the goal is a paraphrased title of the topic of the essay.
4. After describing the goals, it is necessary to dwell on the specific tasks to be solved. The solution of each problem is subsequently described in each paragraph (chapter) of the abstract. How many points, so many tasks.
5. An integral part of the abstract is a description of its structure, i.e. in a direct or veiled form, you need to list the components of the work: introduction, paragraphs, conclusion and list of references.
6. The conclusion of the introduction should be an indication of the sources used, meaning not a complete list of literature, but a generalized enumeration: educational, methodological, scientific, periodical literature, materials obtained from the Internet and the media.

This list is not mandatory, but recommended, each of the items can be both expanded and compressed. Certain items can be completely abandoned.

Conclusion of the abstract, as well as the introduction, is about 10% of the total work. By the way the conclusion is written, we can conclude how meaningfully the author did the work, learned its content and essence. The conclusion is a logical continuation of the introduction. With a well-written introduction, it is not difficult to write a conclusion correctly.

The conclusion should provide clear and precise answers to the questions posed in the introduction. It is necessary to re-identify the goal of the abstract and briefly mention what tasks were solved to achieve the goal. (Were considered .... It was comprehended ... Were studied ... Were systematized, etc.)

Then you should dwell on the results obtained. (The results can: testify to ...; show that ...; etc.) The results should lead to certain conclusions, from which a conclusion should follow about the achievement of the goal of the abstract. At the very end, you should show your personal attitude to solving the problem, about your attitude to the results obtained.

Next, we should move on to perspectives, namely, to show the significance of the issue under consideration, to describe who and where is currently developing these problems, what importance governments attach to their solution, what and to what extent scientific forces are involved, the most striking results achieved in recent times. Describe the possible benefits to humanity if a successful result is achieved, possible breakthroughs in various fields of science and technology.

When writing the introduction and conclusion, it is very important to keep the same style as the abstract. The introduction and conclusion, written in a competent language, using special terms, leaves an excellent impression and shows high level preparation of the author of the work.

The conclusion contains the results of understanding the problem, the conclusions that the author of the abstract comes to, as well as an assessment of the significance of these conclusions for practice or for further study of the problem, because often the abstract develops into a term paper or a thesis. Conclusions should directly correspond to the tasks set. If there is no such correspondence, then it is necessary to return to the introduction and reformulate the tasks in order to achieve this correspondence. Sometimes you have to change the title of the abstract, but in this case it is necessary to coordinate its new title with the head.

Good afternoon, dear reader.

In this article, using examples, we will consider how to write conclusions to chapters, sections and paragraphs of an economist's WRC.

Every chapter in graduation qualifying work should end with

Each paragraph in each chapter should end with a conclusion.

Consequently, at the end of the last paragraph of each chapter there will be 2 conclusions - about this paragraph itself and about the chapter as a whole.

The volume of output for a paragraph is usually 1-2 paragraphs or a third of a page.

The volume of output per chapter is also 1-2 paragraphs or a third of a page.

If each output starts on a new line, less text will be required. In addition, you can number them - it will look better.

What to write in the paragraph output:

In this paragraph of the work, it was required to study [paragraph title]. During the study, we made following conclusions[a few of your thoughts].

On the one hand, the following picture is observed [a few of your thoughts], and on the other hand, we can note that [a few of your thoughts].

What to write in the chapter output:

This chapter covered [chapter title]. This study led to a number of conclusions.

[We take a couple of main thoughts from the conclusion on the first paragraph of the chapter and change it a little - we write here]

[We take a couple of main thoughts from the conclusion on the second paragraph of the chapter and change it a little - we write here]

[We take a couple of main thoughts from the conclusion on the third paragraph of the chapter and change it a little - we write here]

Thus, we can conclude that [chapter title] is a complex multifaceted concept, which, on the one hand, is characterized by [the main idea from the previous paragraph], and on the other hand, [the second main idea from the previous paragraph].

Chapters thesis differ in their nature. Therefore, their conclusions are also different.

1. Conclusions on the theoretical chapter () - are theorized. You can point to a couple of points of view of scientists, write that there are contradictions.

Usually they say that you need to write "your opinion". But on defense, it may turn out that one of the members of the commission does not like your “own opinion” very much. Therefore, you can write like this:

“There is an inconsistency of different points of view, which requires a prudent approach to the implementation of further research and taking into account the features of the [object] and [subject of research] in this work.”

Object and subject - take from the introduction ()

2. Conclusions on the analytical chapter () - contain conclusions from the analysis.

You can scroll through the second chapter and write one short sentence for each table or calculation. And complete the conclusion to the second chapter with a general conclusion about how things are changing.

You could write that the organization (or whatever you are researching) has a number of challenges that need to be addressed or reduced in the next chapter.

3. Conclusions on the project chapter () - contain information about how you propose to solve the problems of the organization or reduce them negative action ().

Here you write that certain problems were identified during the study, you propose measures, describe how to implement them, evaluate economic parameters, the implementation algorithm, as well as indicators of the effectiveness of the implementation of measures.

Actually, everything.

Thank you for your attention. Sincerely, Alexander Krylov,

Questions please ask in the comments below.

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Materials for final qualifying (diploma, bachelor's, master's), term papers and reports on practice in economics, financial management and analysis:

• Good day to you. In this article, we will consider what to write in the conclusion of an economic work - a diploma, a dissertation or a regular term paper. The total volume of the conclusion is about ...
• The second chapter of the WRC on economics is usually called as part of the title of the thesis, but with the addition of the words "analysis, assessment, diagnostics", etc. to the beginning of the title. For example,…

For those who are wondering: how to write a conclusion on the final essay?

The conclusion, like other compositional parts of the essay, can be both standard and original.

Conclusion TRADITIONAL

There are several standard ways to end an essay:

• Conclusion.

It is customary to conclude an essay with a conclusion from all of the above. This is probably the most common way to end an essay. However, at the same time it is the most difficult way, because. it is difficult, on the one hand, not to duplicate in the conclusion what has already been said, and, on the other hand, not to go away from the topic of the essay.

• Call.

This is another fairly common ending. Here it is advisable NOT to use 2nd person verbs such as “take care”, “respect”, “remember”. Why? Yes, everything is very simple: each essay has an addressee - the one who will read it and to whom the calls will be addressed. In our case, this is the teacher who will check the work. It turns out that we are calling on him to cherish, remember, and so on. To be honest, it's not very ethical. Therefore, it is better to use the word "let's": "let's protect nature", "let's remember veterans", etc.

• Expression of hope.

This is one of the most winning options for the final part, because. avoids duplication of thought, ethical and logical errors. Important: you need to express hope for something positive. To write: “I would like to hope that nature will avenge itself and all people will die,” it’s not worth it, you yourself understand.

Conclusion Options

• Conclusion

So, how are people alive? I think love. People live by love for their loved ones and friends, love for native land and nature. They are led through life by a dream, hope for the best, faith in their own strength. And good feelings help to go through life: sympathy, mercy, sensitivity, responsiveness. This is something without which our life is unthinkable.

• call

In conclusion, I would like to urge people not to forget that nature is our mother, which gives us everything we need for life. Without it, we would not be able to exist. And so it is our duty to repay her kindness for kindness. Let's take care of its preservation, take care of everything that surrounds us.

• Expression of hope

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that harmony and mutual understanding will reign in every family. I would like to believe that love, care, sensitivity will become the main thing in relations between generations.

Conclusion ORIGINAL

A quote that makes sense. You can stock up on quotes in advance on all thematic areas, it may happen that one will do. Important: the meaning of the quote must match main idea essays. You can't use a quote just because it contains keyword, (for example, in an essay about nature, a quote with the word "nature") and not take into account its general meaning.

• A sketch that takes you back to the intro

I look at the illuminated windows of houses and think about how good it would be if there was no loneliness behind them, if everyone who lives there was surrounded by care.

Going through old front-line letters, I dream that the world will never have more wars tearing families apart.

• Quote

Thus, friendship is of great importance in a person's life. No wonder Cicero said: “In the world there is nothing better and more pleasant than friendship; excluding friendship from life is like depriving the world of sunlight.

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