Light black holes. The danger of black holes. A huge black hole is at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

The other day, Stephen Hawking stirred up the scientific community by declaring that black holes do not exist. Rather, they are not at all what was previously thought.

According to the researcher (who is described in the work “Information Preservation and Weather Predictions for Black Holes”), what we call black holes can exist without the so-called “event horizon”, beyond which nothing can escape. Hawking believes that black holes hold light and information only for a while, and then "spit" back into space, however, in a fairly distorted form.

Bye science community digests new theory, we decided to remind our reader of what have been considered "black hole facts" until now. So, until now it was believed that:

Black holes got their name because they suck in light that touches its boundaries and does not reflect it.

Formed at the moment when a sufficiently compressed mass of matter deforms space and time, a black hole has a certain surface, called the "event horizon", which marks the point of no return.

Clocks run slower close to sea level than at space station, and even slower near black holes. It has something to do with gravity.

The nearest black hole is about 1600 light-years away.

Our galaxy is littered with black holes, but the closest one theoretically capable of destroying our humble planet is far beyond our own. solar system.

A huge black hole is at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

It is located at a distance of 30 thousand light years from Earth, and its size is more than 30 million times the size of our Sun.

Black holes eventually evaporate

It is believed that nothing can escape from a black hole. The only exception to this rule is radiation. According to some scientists, as black holes emit radiation, they lose mass. As a result of this process, the black hole may disappear altogether.

Black holes are shaped like spheres, not funnels.

In most textbooks, you will see black holes that look like funnels. This is because they are illustrated from a gravity well perspective. In fact, they are more like a sphere.

Near a black hole everything is distorted

Black holes have the ability to warp space, and because they spin, the distortion gets worse as they spin.

A black hole can kill in a terrible way

While it seems obvious that a black hole is incompatible with life, most people think that they would just be crushed there. Not necessary. You would most likely be stretched to death, because the part of your body that first reached the "event horizon" would be significantly affected. great influence gravity.

Black holes are not always black

Although they are known for their blackness, as we said earlier, they actually radiate electromagnetic waves.

Black holes can not only destroy

Of course, in most cases it is. However, there are numerous theories, studies and suggestions that black holes can indeed be adapted for energy and space travel.

The discovery of black holes does not belong to Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein only revived the theory of black holes in 1916. Long before that, in 1783, a scientist named John Mitchell first developed this theory. This came after he wondered if gravity could become so strong that even light particles could not escape it.

Black holes are buzzing

Although the vacuum in space doesn't really transmit sound waves, if you listen with special instruments, you can hear the sounds of atmospheric interference. When a black hole pulls something in, its event horizon accelerates the particles, up to the speed of light, and they produce a hum.

Black holes can generate the elements necessary for the origin of life

Researchers believe that black holes create elements as they decay into subatomic particles. These particles are capable of creating elements heavier than helium, such as iron and carbon, as well as many others needed to form life.

Black holes not only "swallow", but also "spit out"

Black holes are notorious for sucking up anything near their event horizon. After something falls into a black hole, it is compressed with such monstrous force that the individual components are compressed and eventually disintegrate into subatomic particles. Some scientists suggest that this matter is then ejected from what is called a "white hole".

Any matter can become a black hole

From a technical point of view, not only stars can become black holes. If your car keys were shrunk to an infinitesimal point while retaining their mass, their density would reach astronomical levels, and their gravity would increase to an incredible extent.

The laws of physics fail at the center of a black hole

According to theories, the matter inside a black hole is compressed to an infinite density, and space and time cease to exist. When this happens, the laws of physics break down, simply because the human mind is unable to imagine an object that has zero volume and infinite density.

Black holes determine the number of stars

According to some scientists, the number of stars in the universe is limited by the number of black holes. This is due to how they affect gas clouds and the formation of elements in those parts of the universe where new stars are born.

There is no cosmic phenomenon more mesmerizing in its beauty than black holes. As you know, the object got its name due to the fact that it is able to absorb light, but cannot reflect it. Due to the huge attraction, black holes suck in everything that is near them - planets, stars, space debris. However, this is not all that one should know about black holes, since there are many amazing facts about them.

Black holes have no point of no return

For a long time it was believed that everything that falls into the region of a black hole remains in it, but the result of recent research has been that after a while the black hole “spits out” all the contents into space, but in a different form than the original one. The event horizon, which was considered the point of no return for space objects, turned out to be only their temporary shelter, but this process is very slow.

Earth is threatened by a black hole

The solar system is just a part of an infinite galaxy, in which there is a huge number of black holes. It turns out that the Earth is also threatened by two of them, but fortunately, they are located at a great distance - about 1600 light years. They were discovered in a galaxy that was formed as a result of the merger of two galaxies.


Scientists saw black holes only due to the fact that they were close to the solar system with the help of an X-ray telescope, which is able to capture X-rays emitted by these space objects. Black holes, since they are next to each other and practically merge into one, were called by one name - Chandra in honor of the moon god from Hindu mythology. Scientists are confident that Chandra will soon become one due to the huge force of gravity.

Black holes may disappear over time

Sooner or later, all the contents of the black hole escapes and only radiation remains. Losing mass, black holes become smaller over time, and then completely disappear. The death of a space object is very slow and therefore it is unlikely that any of the scientists will be able to see how the black hole decreases, and then disappears. Stephen Hawking argued that a hole in space is a highly compressed planet, and over time it evaporates, starting at the edges of the distortion.

Black holes don't have to look black

Scientists argue that since a space object absorbs light particles into itself without reflecting them, a black hole has no color, only its surface gives out - the event horizon. With its gravitational field, it obscures all space behind it, including planets and stars. But at the same time, due to the absorption of planets and stars on the surface of a black hole in a spiral due to the huge speed of movement of objects and friction between them, a glow appears, which can be brighter than the stars. This is a collection of gases, stardust and other matter that is sucked in by a black hole. Also, sometimes a black hole can emit electromagnetic waves and therefore can be visible.

Black holes are not created from nowhere, their basis is an extinguished star.

Stars glow in space thanks to their supply of fusion fuel. When it ends, the star begins to cool, gradually turning from a white dwarf to a black one. Inside the cooled star, pressure begins to decrease. Under the influence of gravitational force, the cosmic body begins to shrink. The consequence of this process is that the star explodes, as it were, all its particles fly apart in space, but at the same time, gravitational forces continue to act, attracting neighboring space objects, which are then absorbed by it, increasing the power of the black hole and its size.

Supermassive black hole

A black hole, tens of thousands of times larger than the Sun, is located in the very center of the Milky Way. Scientists called it Sagittarius and it is located at a distance from the Earth 26,000 light years. This region of the galaxy is extremely active and absorbs everything that is near it with great speed. Also often she "spits out" extinguished stars.


Surprising is the fact that the average density of a black hole, even considering its huge size, can even be equal to the density of air. With an increase in the radius of the black hole, that is, the number of objects captured by it, the density of the black hole becomes smaller and this is explained by simple laws of physics. Thus, the largest bodies in space may actually be as light as air.

Black hole could create new universes

No matter how strange it may sound, especially against the background of the fact that black holes actually absorb and accordingly destroy everything around, scientists are seriously thinking that these space objects can initiate the emergence of a new Universe. So, as you know, black holes not only absorb matter, but can also release it in certain periods. Any particle that came out of a black hole can explode and this will become a new Big Bang, and according to his theory, our Universe appeared that way, therefore it is possible that the solar system that exists today and in which the Earth revolves, inhabited by a huge number of people, was once born from a massive black hole.

Time passes very slowly near a black hole.

When an object comes close to a black hole, no matter what its mass, its movement starts to slow down, and this is because in the black hole itself, time slows down and everything happens very slowly. This is due to the enormous gravitational force that a black hole has. At the same time, what happens in the black hole itself happens quickly enough, because if the observer looked at the black hole from the side, it would seem to him that all the processes taking place in it proceed slowly, but if he got into its funnel, the gravitational forces would instantly tore it apart.

Black holes have always been one of the most interesting objects of observation for scientists. Being the largest objects in the Universe, they are at the same time inaccessible and completely inaccessible to humanity. It will be a long time before we learn about the processes that occur near the "point of no return". What is a black hole in terms of science?

Let's talk about those facts that nevertheless became known to researchers as a result of lengthy work..

1. Black holes are not actually black.

Since black holes radiate electromagnetic waves, they may not look black, but rather quite colorful. And it looks very impressive.

2. Black holes don't suck in matter.

Among mere mortals, there is a stereotype that a black hole is a huge vacuum cleaner that pulls the surrounding space into itself. Let's not be dummies and try to figure out what it really is.

In general, (without going into the complexity quantum physics and astronomical research) a black hole can be represented as a cosmic object with a greatly overestimated gravitational field. For example, if there were a black hole of the same size in place of the Sun, then ... nothing would happen, and our planet would continue to rotate in the same orbit. Black holes "absorb" only parts of the matter of stars in the form of a stellar wind inherent in any star.

3. Black holes can spawn new universes

Of course, this fact sounds like something out of science fiction, especially since there is no evidence for the existence of other universes. Nevertheless, such theories are being studied quite closely by scientists.

If to speak plain language, then if at least one physical constant in our world changed by a small amount, we would lose the possibility of existence. The singularity of black holes cancels the usual laws of physics and can (at least in theory) give rise to a new universe that differs in one way or another from ours.

4. Black holes evaporate over time

As mentioned earlier, black holes absorb stellar wind. In addition, they slowly but surely evaporate, that is, they give up their mass to the surrounding space, and then disappear altogether. This phenomenon was discovered in 1974 and named Hawking radiation, in honor of Stephen Hawking, who made this discovery to the world.

5. The answer to the question “what is a black hole” was predicted by Karl Schwarzschild

As you know, the author of the theory of relativity associated with - Albert Einstein. But the scientist did not pay due attention to the study of celestial bodies, although his theory could and moreover predicted the existence of black holes. Thus, Karl Schwarzschild became the first scientist to apply the general theory of relativity to justify the existence of a "point of no return".

Interestingly, this happened in 1915, just after Einstein published his general theory of relativity. It was then that the term "Schwarzschild radius" appeared - roughly speaking, this is the amount of force with which it is necessary to compress an object so that it turns into a black hole. However, this is not an easy task. Let's see why.

The fact is that in theory any body can become a black hole, but under the influence of a certain degree of compression on it. For example, a peanut fruit could become a black hole if it had the mass of the planet Earth ...

Fun fact: Black holes are one of a kind. space bodies having the ability to attract light by gravity.

6. Black holes warp space around them.

Imagine the entire space of the universe in the form of a vinyl record. If you put a hot object on it, it will change its shape. The same thing happens with black holes. Their ultimate mass attracts everything, including rays of light, due to which the space around them curves.

7. Black holes limit the number of stars in the universe

.... After all, if the stars are lit -

Does that mean anyone needs it?

V.V. Mayakovsky

Usually fully formed stars are a cloud of cooled gases. The radiation from black holes does not allow gas clouds to cool, and therefore prevents the formation of stars.

8. Black holes are the most advanced power plants.

Black holes produce more energy than the Sun and other stars. The reason for this is the matter around it. When matter crosses the event horizon high speed, it heats up in the orbit of a black hole to the limit high temperature. This phenomenon is called blackbody radiation.

Interesting fact: In the process of nuclear fusion, 0.7% of matter becomes energy. Near a black hole, 10% of matter turns into energy!

9. What happens if you fall into a black hole?

Black holes "stretch" the bodies that are next to them. As a result of this process, objects begin to resemble spaghetti (there is even a special term - "spaghetti" =).

Although this fact may seem comical, it has its own explanation. This happens thanks to physical principle attraction forces. Let's take the human body as an example. While on the ground, our legs are closer to the center of the Earth than our head, so they are attracted more strongly. On the surface of a black hole, the legs are attracted to the center of the black hole much faster, and therefore top part the body simply does not keep up with them. Conclusion: Spaghettification!

10. Theoretically, any object can become a black hole

And even the sun. The only thing that keeps the sun from turning into absolutely black body is the force of gravity. In the center of a black hole, it is many times stronger than in the center of the Sun. In this case, if our luminary were compressed to four kilometers in diameter, it could well become a black hole (due to the large mass).

But that's in theory. In practice, it is known that black holes appear only as a result of the collapse of super-large stars, exceeding the mass of the Sun by 25-30 times.

11. Black holes slow down time near them.

The main thesis of this fact is that as we approach the event horizon, time slows down. This phenomenon can be illustrated using the "twin paradox", which is often used to explain the provisions of the theory of relativity.

The main idea is that one of the twin brothers flies into space, while the other remains on Earth. Returning home, the twin finds that his brother has aged more than he, because when moving at a speed close to the speed of light, time begins to go slower.

Image copyright Thinkstock

Perhaps you think that a person who has fallen into a black hole is waiting for instant death. In reality, his fate may turn out to be much more surprising, the correspondent says.

What will happen to you if you fall inside a black hole? Maybe you think that you will be crushed - or, conversely, torn to shreds? But in reality, everything is much stranger.

The moment you fall into the black hole, reality will split in two. In one reality, you will be instantly incinerated, in the other, you will dive deep into the black hole alive and unharmed.

Inside a black hole, the laws of physics familiar to us do not apply. According to Albert Einstein, gravity bends space. Thus, in the presence of an object of sufficient density, the space-time continuum around it can be deformed so much that a hole is formed in reality itself.

A massive star that has used up all its fuel can turn into exactly the type of superdense matter that is necessary for the emergence of such a curved section of the universe. A star collapsing under its own weight drags along the space-time continuum around it. The gravitational field becomes so strong that even light can no longer escape from it. As a result, the area in which the star was previously located becomes absolutely black - this is the black hole.

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption No one really knows what's going on inside a black hole.

The outer surface of a black hole is called the event horizon. This is a spherical boundary at which a balance is reached between the strength of the gravitational field and the efforts of light trying to escape the black hole. If you cross the event horizon, it will be impossible to escape.

The event horizon radiates energy. Due to quantum effects, streams of hot particles radiate into the Universe arise on it. This phenomenon is called Hawking radiation - in honor of the British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking who described it. Despite the fact that matter cannot escape the event horizon, the black hole, nevertheless, "evaporates" - over time, it will finally lose its mass and disappear.

As we move deeper into the black hole, space-time continues to curve and becomes infinitely curved at the center. This point is known as the gravitational singularity. Space and time cease to have any meaning in it, and all the laws of physics known to us, for the description of which these two concepts are necessary, no longer apply.

No one knows what exactly awaits a person who has fallen into the center of a black hole. Another universe? Oblivion? Back wall bookcase, like in the American sci-fi movie "Interstellar"? It's a riddle.

Let's reason - using your example - about what happens if you accidentally fall into a black hole. In this experiment, you will be accompanied by an external observer - let's call him Anna. So Anna, at a safe distance, watches in horror as you approach the edge of the black hole. From her point of view, events will develop in a very strange way.

As you get closer to the event horizon, Anna will see you stretch in length and narrow in width, as if she is looking at you through a giant magnifying glass. In addition, the closer you fly to the event horizon, the more Anna will feel that your speed is dropping.

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption At the center of a black hole, space is infinitely curved.

You won't be able to yell at Anna (since no sound is transmitted in vacuum), but you can try to signal her in Morse code using your iPhone's flashlight. However, your signals will reach it at increasing intervals, and the frequency of the light emitted by the flashlight will shift towards the red (long wavelength) part of the spectrum. Here's how it will look: "Order, in order, in order, in order...".

When you reach the event horizon, from Anna's point of view, you will freeze in place, as if someone paused the playback. You will remain motionless, stretched across the surface of the event horizon, and an ever-increasing heat will begin to take over you.

From Anna's point of view, you will be slowly killed by the stretching of space, the stoppage of time, and the heat of Hawking's radiation. Before you cross the event horizon and deep into the depths of the black hole, you will be left with ashes.

But do not rush to order a memorial service - let's forget about Anna for a while and look at this terrible scene from your point of view. And from your point of view, something even stranger will happen, that is, absolutely nothing special.

You fly straight to one of the most sinister points in the universe without experiencing the slightest jolt - not to mention the stretching of space, time dilation or the heat of radiation. This is because you are in free fall and therefore do not feel your own weight - this is what Einstein called the "best idea" of his life.

Indeed, the event horizon is not a brick wall in space, but a phenomenon conditioned by the point of view of the observer. An observer who remains outside the black hole cannot see through the event horizon, but that is his problem, not yours. From your point of view, there is no horizon.

If the dimensions of our black hole were smaller, you would really run into a problem - gravity would act on your body unevenly, and you would be pulled into pasta. But luckily for you, this black hole is large - millions of times more massive than the Sun, so the gravitational force is weak enough to be negligible.

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption You can't go back and get out of a black hole, just like none of us can travel back in time.

Inside a sufficiently large black hole, you can even live the rest of your life quite normally until you die in a gravitational singularity.

You may ask, how normal can a person's life be, against their will, being pulled into a hole in the space-time continuum with no chance of ever getting out?

But if you think about it, we all know this feeling - only in relation to time, and not to space. Time only goes forward and never back, and it really drags us along against our will, leaving us no chance to return to the past.

This is not just an analogy. Black holes bend the space-time continuum to such an extent that inside the event horizon, time and space are reversed. In a sense, it's not space that pulls you to the singularity, but time. You can't go back and get out of a black hole, just like none of us can travel into the past.

Perhaps now you are wondering what is wrong with Anna. You fly into the empty space of a black hole and you are all right, and she mourns your death, claiming that you were incinerated by Hawking radiation from the outside of the event horizon. Is she hallucinating?

In fact, Anna's statement is perfectly true. From her point of view, you are indeed fried on the event horizon. And it's not an illusion. Anna can even collect your ashes and send them to your family.

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption The event horizon is not a brick wall, it is permeable

The fact is that, according to the laws of quantum physics, from Anna's point of view, you cannot cross the event horizon and must remain on the outside of the black hole, since information is never irretrievably lost. Every bit of information that is responsible for your existence must remain on the outer surface of the event horizon - otherwise, from the point of view of Anna, the laws of physics will be violated.

On the other hand, the laws of physics also require that you fly through the event horizon alive and unharmed, without encountering hot particles or anything else on your way. unusual phenomena. Otherwise, the general theory of relativity will be violated.

So, the laws of physics want you to be both outside the black hole (as a pile of ash) and inside it (safe and sound) at the same time. And one more important point: according to general principles quantum mechanics, information cannot be cloned. You need to be in two places at the same time, but only in one instance.

Physicists call such a paradoxical phenomenon the term "disappearance of information in a black hole". Fortunately, in the 1990s scientists managed to resolve this paradox.

American physicist Leonard Susskind realized that there really is no paradox, since no one will see your cloning. Anna will watch one of your specimens, and you will watch the other. You and Anna will never meet again and you will not be able to compare observations. And there is no third observer who could watch you from both outside and inside the black hole at the same time. Thus, the laws of physics are not violated.

Unless you want to know which of your instances is real and which is not. Are you really alive or dead?

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Will the person fly through the event horizon unharmed, or crash into a wall of fire?

The thing is, there is no "reality". Reality depends on the observer. There is "really" from Anna's point of view and "really" from your point of view. That's all.

Almost all. In the summer of 2012, physicists Ahmed Almheiri, Donald Marolph, Joe Polchinski, and James Sulley, collectively known by the English acronym AMPS from the first letters of their surnames, proposed thought experiment, which threatened to overturn our understanding of black holes.

According to scientists, the resolution of the contradiction proposed by Süsskind is based on the fact that the disagreement in the assessment of what is happening between you and Anna is mediated by the event horizon. It doesn't matter if Anna actually saw one of your two specimens die in the fire of Hawking radiation, because the event horizon prevented her from seeing your second specimen flying deep into the black hole.

But what if Anna had a way to find out what was happening on the other side of the event horizon without crossing it?

General relativity tells us that this is impossible, but quantum mechanics blurs the hard rules a little. Anna could have peered beyond the event horizon with what Einstein called "spooky long-range action."

We are talking about quantum entanglement - a phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more particles separated by space, mysteriously become interdependent. These particles now form a single and indivisible whole, and the information necessary to describe this whole is contained not in this or that particle, but in the relationship between them.

The idea put forward by AMPS is as follows. Suppose Anna picks up a particle near the event horizon - let's call it particle A.

If her version of what happened to you is true, that is, you were killed by Hawking radiation from the outside of the black hole, then particle A must be interconnected with another particle - B, which must also be located on the outside of the event horizon.

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Black holes can attract matter from nearby stars

If your vision of events corresponds to reality, and you are alive and well with inside, then particle A must be interconnected with particle C, located somewhere inside the black hole.

The beauty of this theory is that each of the particles can only be interconnected with one other particle. This means that particle A is connected either to particle B or to particle C, but not to both at the same time.

So Anna takes her particle A and runs it through the entanglement decoding machine she has, which gives the answer whether this particle is associated with particle B or with particle C.

If the answer is C, your point of view has prevailed in violation of the laws of quantum mechanics. If particle A is connected to particle C, which is in the depths of a black hole, then the information describing their interdependence is forever lost to Anna, which contradicts the quantum law, according to which information is never lost.

If the answer is B, then, contrary to the principles of general relativity, Anna is right. If particle A is bound to particle B, you've really been incinerated by Hawking radiation. Instead of flying through the event horizon, as relativity requires, you crashed into a wall of fire.

So we're back to the question we started with - what happens to a person who gets inside a black hole? Will he fly through the event horizon unharmed thanks to the reality that miraculously depends on the observer, or crashes into a fiery wall ( blackholesfirewall, not to be confused with the computer termfirewall, "firewall", software that protects your computer on the network from unauthorized intrusion - Ed.)?

Nobody knows the answer to this question, one of the most controversial issues in theoretical physics.

For over 100 years, scientists have been trying to reconcile the principles of general relativity and quantum physics, in the hope that in the end one or the other will prevail. The resolution of the "wall of fire" paradox should answer the question of which of the principles prevailed and help physicists to create a comprehensive theory.

Image copyright Thinkstock Image caption Or maybe next time send Anna into a black hole?

The solution to the paradox of the disappearance of information may lie in Anna's deciphering machine. It is extremely difficult to determine with which other particle particle A is interconnected. Physicists Daniel Harlow of Princeton University in New Jersey and Patrick Hayden, now at Stanford University in California in California, wondered how long it would take.

In 2013, they calculated that even with the fastest computer, which is possible to create in accordance with physical laws, it would take Anna an extremely long time to decipher the relationship between particles - so long that by the time she gets the answer, the black hole will have long since evaporated.

If so, it is likely that Anna is simply not destined to ever know whose point of view is true. In this case, both stories will remain true at the same time, reality will depend on the observer, and none of the laws of physics will be violated.

In addition, the connection between highly complex calculations (which our observer, apparently, is not capable of) and the space-time continuum may prompt physicists to some new theoretical reflections.

Thus, black holes are not just dangerous objects on the way of interstellar expeditions, but also theoretical laboratories in which the slightest variations in physical laws grow to such a size that they can no longer be neglected.

If somewhere lurking true nature reality, it is best to look for it in black holes. But while we do not have a clear understanding of how safe the event horizon is for humans, it is safer to watch searches from the outside. In extreme cases, you can send Anna into the black hole next time - now it's her turn.

Everyone knows that in space there are stars, planets, asteroids and comets that can be observed with the naked eye or through a telescope. It is also known that there are special space objects - black holes.

A star can turn into a black hole by the end of its life. During this transformation, the star is compressed very strongly, while its mass is conserved. The star turns into a small but very heavy ball. If we assume that our planet Earth becomes a black hole, then its diameter in this state will be only 9 millimeters. But the Earth will not be able to turn into a black hole, because completely different reactions take place in the core of planets, not the same as in stars.

So strong compression and the densification of a star comes from the fact that, under the influence of thermonuclear reactions in the center of the star, its force of attraction greatly increases and begins to attract the surface of the star to its center. Gradually, the rate at which the star contracts increases and eventually begins to exceed the speed of light. When a star reaches this state, it ceases to glow, because the particles of light - quanta - cannot overcome the force of attraction. A star in this state ceases to emit light, it remains "inside" the gravitational radius - the boundary within which all objects are attracted to the surface of the star. Astronomers call this boundary the event horizon. And beyond this boundary, the force of attraction black hole decreases. Since light particles cannot overcome the gravitational boundary of a star, a black hole can only be detected using instruments, for example, if for some unknown reason a spaceship or another body - a comet or an asteroid - starts to change its trajectory, then most likely it came under the influence of the gravitational forces of a black hole . A controlled space object in such a situation must urgently turn on all the engines and leave the zone of dangerous attraction, and if there is not enough power, then it will inevitably be swallowed up by a black hole.

If the Sun could turn into a black hole, then the planets of the solar system would be inside the gravitational radius of the Sun and it would attract and absorb them. Luckily for us, this won't happen. only very large, massive stars can turn into a black hole. The sun is too small for that. In the process of evolution, the Sun will most likely become an extinct black dwarf. Other black holes that are already in space for our planet and terrestrial spaceships not dangerous - they are too far from us.

In the popular series "The Big Bang Theory", which you can watch, you will not learn the secrets of the creation of the Universe or the causes of black holes in space. The main characters are passionate about science and work in the department of physics at the university. They constantly get into various ridiculous situations that are fun to watch.