Plants and animals of the Setun River. Natural Park “Valley of the Setun River. On the territorial scheme for the conservation and development of the specially protected natural area "Natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River"

23.09.2019

Setun - the largest right tributary of the Moscow River. Despite the proximity of residential and industrial areas, its meandering channel within the city (17 km long) has preserved its natural surroundings and natural shores. This distinguishes the Setun from other Moscow rivers and makes it a "green corridor" that stretches from the Sparrow Hills to the Vakovsky forest park near Moscow.

Story

About the ancient population Setun Valley testify to the Bronze Age Davydkovo burial ground (2 thousand years BC) and the Vyatichi Matveevskoe settlement with a barrow cemetery (XI-XIII centuries). Once upon a time, the word "sedun" ("sagging" place) called a hollow overgrown with swampy forest between the Tatar and Teplostan uplands, where the rivers Ramenka, Filka and Setun itself flow.
Three old manor complexes have been preserved on the territory of the reserve. Troitse-Golenishchevo(known since the XIV century) belonged to the boyars Golenishchev, and then to the Metropolitan of Moscow Daniel. The village received its second name with the construction of a church in 1644. Life-Giving Trinity. Spasskoe-on-Setun previously it was the village of Manukhin and belonged to the boyars Larion Sumin, Pushkin and Artamon Matveev. And in 1676, under Matveev, the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands was erected here. Up the river - Troekurovo. In the XVI - XVII centuries the village was called Khoroshevo and belonged to Ivan the Terrible and the Godunovs. Under the new owners, the Troekurovs, in 1706 the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built here (now restored and operating), and then a park with ponds was laid out under the Saltykovs.
AT late XIX century on a new railway Moscow summer residents began to come to the banks of the Setun. Appeared and industrial enterprises. After the revolution, party leaders settled in holiday villages; dachas of M.I. Kalinin and I.V. Stalin. Today in these places there are state dachas, the Volynskoye congress park and the Golden Keys residential complex.
In 1960, Moscow swallowed up the village of Fili and the city of Kuntsevo, and the surrounding area Setun began to build up. In 1998, the natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River" was created, large-scale work began on cleaning up the territory and decommissioning industrial facilities.

Nature of the Setun river valley

AT Setun Valley there are springs and ponds (Troekurovsky, Mosfilmovsky and on the golf course); within the city, the Troekurovsky stream and the rivers Navershka, Ramenka and boiled water enclosed in a pipe flow into it.
Birch, linden, oak grow in places on the slopes of the valley, spruce and pine in the Volyn forest, and many “patriarch trees” have been preserved in the Troekurovsky park. There are small lowland swamps in the reserve. Gray alders and willows grow along the banks of the river: there are even two-century-old trees in the Matveevsky forest. Open spaces are occupied by upland meadows, where there are many beautiful flowering plants and interesting insects. In place of gardens and wastelands, ruderal communities (“weeds”) appear, which are gradually replaced by meadow herbs, ash-leaved maple, aspen and birch.
In parks it is forbidden to destroy nests, catch insects, kill animals. Yes, and how else?
Out of 25 "Red Book" species of flora in wet areas in the reserve grow iris iris, burr, swimsuit, mountaineer serpentine, in the meadows - Fisher's carnation, ranunculus anemone, spring rank, green strawberry, thyme, bluebells, navel, licorice astragalus, forest canopy - lily of the valley, corydalis, liverwort, orchids digitorhika and cache, ferns ostrich and telipteris. In total, about 400 plant species have been noted here.
Weasel, black polecat and ermine live in the meadows of the reserve, which mainly hunt voles. Most of the local birds are quail, corncrake, field lark, yellow wagtail, shrike, meadow coin, northern chatterbox- prefer open spaces, but with the presence of shelters in tall grass or shrubs. In May, nightingale trills, gentle songs of robins, bluethroats, coot redstarts are heard in coastal thickets, but warblers and warblers are most frequent here. various kinds.
Near-water birds live here: mallard, moorhen, sandpipers. Muskrats and water shrews, amphibians - newts and frogs penetrate into the riverbed, pike, chub, perch and other fish enter and even occasionally spawn. However, the waters of Setun are still polluted by industrial, domestic and agricultural effluents, and it is necessary to constantly fight for the purity of this picturesque river.
locals and public organizations actively help the management of the reserve clean up valley of the Setun River from years of garbage heaps and restore its natural beauty.

In the south-west of Moscow, on the left and right banks of the Setun River, there is the largest reserve in the city. It is called the natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River" and its territory covers an area of almost 700 hectares.

The nature of the reserve

The slopes of the river are quite gentle, lindens, birches, oaks and pines grow on them, forming virgin forest areas, in places replaced by thickets of gray alders and willows, turning into small swamps. The vegetation of the natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River" is about four hundred species of plants, and about 10% of them are very rare for the capital and the Moscow region. In the spring months, in forest thickets, in glades and meadows, flowers listed in the Red Book are full of fragrance and fragrant: lilies of the valley, primroses, bluebells, orchids and many others.

Floating on a boat on the river, you can meet aquatic animals, like muskrats. Stoats, black polecats and weasels live on the shore. Among the huge number of animals living in the natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River", more than forty species are recorded in documents as rare for Moscow. Amphibians are found here, a huge number of species of birds, the most numerous of which are warblers and warblers. On the territory of the reserve, you can hear the magical trills of the nightingale, the soothing songs of the dawn, here you can spy on the sandpiper, mallard, moorhen and others. waterfowl. Rarely found winged inhabitants living in the Sentun River valley include the lark, the wagtail and the grosbeak.

Attractions of the reserve

In times before Tatar-Mongol invasion, on the site of the reserve there was a village, from which a barrow was preserved - an ancient cemetery. And while working in a quarry on the left bank of the river, the Davydkovsky burial ground was found. In 1812, in these places, Napoleon, going to Moscow, met with Murat, who led the vanguard, who reported to the emperor that the path to the Russian capital was free.

Country estates and churches standing on the territory of the reserve belong to the architectural monuments of the 17th-19th centuries, there are four of them, all of them are very beautiful. And for those who want to relax in nature, several picnic areas, children's and sports grounds, bicycle trails are equipped. In winter, this is a great place to go skiing or tobogganing down the hills.

The civilized part of the park is entirely equipped for possible visits by people with disabilities. Everything here is very reminiscent of European parks and even surpasses them in terms of lighting - the lanterns here use wind and solar energy, there are video cameras with an emergency call button on the paths.

"Valley of the Setun River" is a nature reserve divided into two parts, one of them is untouched by civilization, and the second is completely ennobled. This makes it possible to relax here for people with a variety of views on what kind of vacation is better. Everyone will find here a corner to their liking.

Video:

nature reserve"Valley of the Setun River" (696.05 hectares) is the largest "Green Island" located within the city. Compared to many other natural and natural-historical parks and reserves in Moscow, which have a compact territory, the Setun River Valley nature reserve stretches along the riverbed and is “clamped” on both sides by residential and industrial buildings.

Surprisingly diverse plant and animal world natural reserve, located almost in the heart of the metropolis. Birch, oak, linden and even pine forest areas growing on the steep and gentle slopes of the river valley are replaced by riverine complexes consisting of willow and gray alder forests; coastal meadows and shrubs surrounding the outlets of spring waters alternate with lowland marshes. The modern flora of the reserve includes 384 species of vascular plants, 47 of which are rare for Moscow. AT forest areas and on the meadows you can see blooming May lily of the valley, small burr, spring primrose, bluebells, orchids and other plants listed in the Red Book of the city. Weasel and ermine are found in the floodplain of Setun. In the reservoirs you can see the water shrew and the muskrat. 41 species of vertebrates living in the reserve are rare for Moscow. In total, 5 species of amphibians, 69 species of birds and 18 species of mammals have been recorded in the river valley. 62 species of birds nest on the territory of the reserve.

Among the magnificence of flora and fauna, valuable objects of history and culture are located on the territory of the reserve: archaeological sites, remains of ancient settlements and burials. These are the Matveevsky settlement, which existed in the pre-Mongolian period, with a preserved barrow cemetery, as well as the Davydkovsky burial ground, discovered during the development of a quarry on the left bank of the Setun.

Improvement and security

Not a single natural area in a city can exist independently, they all need care and protection. It is important to create and develop the recreational and environmental education infrastructure of the territories, harmoniously combining it with the corners of wildlife. It is necessary to find ways to show them to people, and at the same time minimize negative impact high recreational load. Much attention is currently being paid appearance territories, compliance with environmental legislation and the special protection regime.

The Directorate of the Department of Protected Areas for the Closed Joint-Stock Company is carrying out a set of measures to improve the territories. Improvement measures include laying out parks and alleys, arranging lawns and flower beds, paths, playgrounds, recreation areas, organizing ecological trails. The improvement department conducts daily control over all the territories of the JSC and monitors their condition.

Picnic spots and recreation areas in the Nature Reserve "Valley of the Setun River":

picnic area and sports ground (Kremenchugskaya st., 36)
picnic area "Matveevsky Forest" (St. Starovolynskaya, 10)
picnic area and playground (crossing Dorgobuzhskaya and Ryabinovaya streets);
playground (st. Pyreva, 16)

environmental education

To inform the population about the norms of behavior in protected areas, the department of science, monitoring, biodiversity and environmental education GPBU "Management of Protected Areas for ZAO" conducts active educational work with schoolchildren, pupils of kindergartens and visitors to the CSO and Central Children's Center of the Western administrative district. Specially for the guests of the parks in each territory there are information boards with the norms of behavior in the protected areas, they also indicate the phone numbers of services that any resident of the city can call in case of misconduct other visitors.

Gallery

Do you know that the natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River" is the largest in Moscow? It occupies 696 hectares and stretches (more precisely, meanders after the river) from the Third Ring to the Moscow Ring Road. We walked only a small part of it - along Mosfilmovskaya Street, where the territory has been ennobled and an excellent walking trail has been created. How convenient it is to walk further, I think, we will find out in the near future.
At the same time, we visited the Setun camp, which turned out to be a very curious place, and also finally found out the end of the story about.
Who is interested - welcome!

So, the beginning of the route Mosfilmovskaya street, the stop "Pudovkina Street" or "Foreign Trade Academy". Then you need to delve into the passages between the buildings of house 6 along Dovzhenko Street and look for the river, to which descents and ladders lead. End - Minsk street, stop "Stone dam". The length is about 4 km, the path winds one by one, then along the other bank, sometimes along both at once.
2. But before walking along the river, we cross it on the bridge ...

3. We leave the green zone for a short while, we pass quite a bit and see ...

Two armored personnel carriers mark the entrance to the Setunsky Stan stunt fortress, recently renamed the Master Panin Cinema Adventure Park. They started more than 20 years ago with a stunt school, where they took mostly difficult teenagers. Now it is a school of stuntmen, and large-scale shows, and museums, and I don’t know what else. At the same time, the territory makes a very strange impression - it is dusty, unkempt, full of garbage and rusting equipment and ... attractive. I tried to shoot more photogenic parts of it, a lot was left behind the scenes, and we probably didn’t see much.
3a. Boys - they are always and at any age boys ...

4. Before the "castle" there is a pickup truck on "foreign" wheels from a rocket carrier

7. There are vintage cars in the backyard behind the stage.

8. A lot of military equipment is scattered in the bushes

9. And the "under-tribune space" is decorated with original posters

The place intrigued me, and I found myself here again very soon. But more about that another time...

13. And we continue the walk

16. We are approaching "from the rear" to Dovzhenko Street, where in March there was a struggle against the closure of the only Pyaterochka chain store in the entire district. For a long time I tried to find on the net how that story ended, but to no avail. On the ground, everything immediately became clear.
June. Alas, the miracle did not happen :(