A story about the fruit of a plant. Cherry ordinary. There are interesting facts about these fruits

Since childhood, we know the taste of cherry jam. And we like it! After all, the cherry itself is juicy, tasty, and the jam from it is excellent. Cherry enjoys well-deserved popularity among gardeners in our country. It is grown both in the south and in the central regions of Russia, in the Urals and in Siberia. And everywhere she gives people fragrant, fabulous fruits of a cherry color familiar to everyone. Paying tribute to the merits of this wonderful plant, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov wrote his famous play The Cherry Orchard.

In Europe, cherry trees first appeared in Italy, where they were brought from Anatolia in 680. Then the cherry spread throughout the territories of Gaul and Germany. The first mention of cherry cultivation in Russia dates back to the 12th century.

Cherry is a woody plant from the Rosaceae family. There are more than one and a half hundred types of cherries in the wild, but only a few of them are used in horticulture. These are ordinary cherries, steppe cherries, felt cherries and some other varieties.

Cherry does not grow very high, its branches are scattered in different directions and tilted down. Cherry leaves are smooth, shiny, dark green above and light green below. The cherry fruit grows on a long stem. At first it has a green color, and then, depending on the variety, it turns red, pink or yellow. The taste of a mature fruit is, also depending on the variety, sweet or sour.

Useful properties of cherries

Cherry fruits are rich in biologically active substances. They act as anti-radiation, tonic and antihypertensive agents. Cherry fruits also contain glucose and fructose. There are many useful substances in cherry fruits - carotene, vitamin C, folic acid and others, and it also contains iron and coumarins.

Cherry is a valuable and healthy horticultural crop.

And now we will tell you a fairy tale about cherries.

... Once upon a time there was a cherry. Slim, beautiful. Suddenly an evil man saw her and decided to break the cherry. She begged and prayed for him not to engage in evil deeds, but he would not listen... One bone fell into the ground, a good leaf covered it from the wind. The bone warmed up, smiled, and decided to give an escape. The sprouted shoot hid for a long time in a warm hole, and in the spring he took it and looked out. The sun threw him a ray, and he got stronger. And he began to grow, looking back at other plants. They grow, and he grows, they bend down from the rain, and he too. And so it grew. And it looks like a real cherry. After some time, small berries appeared on the cherry. And the children, seeing a new cherry tree, began to guard it. They liked to do good deeds, not evil ones.

On our planet there is a huge number of all kinds of plants, seeing which one can only be surprised at how nature could come up with something like this. An incredible number of species and subspecies of plants, many of which amaze with their qualities - from survival and adaptability, to colors and sizes. In this ranking of the most unusual plants, we will show the full scope of natural creativity.

14

Romanesco is one of the cultivars of cabbage, belonging to the same varietal group as cauliflower. According to some reports, it is a hybrid of cauliflower and broccoli. This type of cabbage has long been grown in the vicinity of Rome. According to some reports, it was first mentioned in historical documents in Italy in the sixteenth century. The vegetable appeared on international markets in the 90s of the XX century. Compared to cauliflower and broccoli, Romanesco is more delicate in texture and has a milder creamy nutty flavor without a bitter note.

13

Euphorbia obesum is a perennial succulent plant in the Euphorbiaceae family that resembles a stone or a green-brown soccer ball in appearance, without spines or leaves, but sometimes forms "branches" or suckers in strange-looking sets of spheres. It can grow up to 20-30 cm in height and up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Euphorbia obese is a bisexual plant, it has male flowers on one plant, and female flowers on the other. For fruit set, cross-pollination is necessary, which is usually performed.

The fruit looks like a slightly triangular three-nut, up to 7 mm in diameter, containing one seed in each nest. When ripe, it explodes and scatters small, round, speckled-gray seeds 2 mm in diameter, the pedicels fall off after scattering the seeds. They grow at an altitude of 300-900 meters above sea level in a small area of ​​​​Kendreu, in the Great Karoo, in rocky and hilly terrain in full sun or partial shade. The plants are very well hidden among the rocks, their colors blending in with the environment so well that sometimes they are hard to spot.

12

Tacca is a plant of the Tacca family, growing in a wide variety of environmental conditions and numbering 10 species. They settle in open and heavily shaded areas, in savannas, in thickets of bushes and in rain forests. Young parts of plants, as a rule, are pubescent with tiny hairs that disappear as they grow older. Plant sizes are usually small, from 40 to 100 centimeters, but some species sometimes reach a height of 3 meters. Although takka is becoming more and more widespread as a houseplant, it should be borne in mind that it is not easy to successfully keep takka in rooms due to the special demands of the plant on the conditions of detention. The Tacca family is represented by one genus Tacca, numbering about 10 plant species.

- Takka pinnatifida grows in tropical Asia, Australia, and in the tropics of Africa. Leaves up to 40-60 cm wide, from 70 cm long to 3 meters long. A flower with two bedspreads, large, reaching 20 cm wide, the color covered is light green.

- Tacca Chantrier grows in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Evergreen tropical herbaceous plant, reaching 90-120 cm in height. The flowers are framed with maroon, almost black, bracts, similar to the wingspan of a bat or butterfly with long, threadlike tendrils.

- Whole-leaved takka grows in India. The leaves are wide, glossy, up to 35 cm wide, up to 70 cm long. A flower with two bedspreads, large, reaching 20 cm wide, the color is white, purple strokes are scattered over the white tone. The flowers are black, purple or dark purple, located under the bedspreads.

11

Venus flytrap is a species of carnivorous plants from the monotypic genus Dionea of ​​the Rosyankovye family. It is a small herbaceous plant with a rosette of 4-7 leaves that grow from a short underground stem. Leaves are three to seven centimeters in size, depending on the time of year, long trap leaves usually form after flowering. Feeds on insects and spiders. It grows in a humid temperate climate on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It is a species cultivated in ornamental horticulture. Can be grown as a houseplant. Grows in soils with a lack of nitrogen, such as swamps. Lack of nitrogen is the reason for the appearance of traps: insects serve as a source of nitrogen necessary for protein synthesis. The Venus flytrap belongs to a small group of plants capable of fast movements.

After the prey is trapped and the edges of the sheets close, forming a "stomach" in which the digestion process takes place. Digestion is catalyzed by enzymes that are secreted by glands in the lobes. Digestion takes approximately 10 days, after which only an empty chitinous shell remains of the prey. After that, the trap opens and is ready to capture new prey. During the life of the trap, an average of three insects fall into it.

10

The dragon tree is a plant of the genus Dracaena that grows in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and on the islands of Southeast Asia. Grown as an ornamental plant. An old Indian legend tells that a long time ago in the Arabian Sea on the island of Socotra, there lived a bloodthirsty dragon who attacked elephants and drank their blood. But one day, one old and strong elephant fell on the dragon and crushed it. Their blood mixed and wetted the ground around. At this place, trees have grown, called dracaena, which means “female dragon”. The indigenous population of the Canary Islands considered the tree sacred, and its resin was used for medicinal purposes. The resin was found in prehistoric burial caves and was used for embalming at that time.

On its thick branches grow bunches of very sharp leaves. Thick branched trunk up to 20 meters high, diameter at the base up to 4 m, has a secondary growth in thickness. Each branch of branching ends with a dense bunch of densely arranged grayish-green, leathery, linear-xiphoid leaves 45-60 centimeters long and 2-4 centimeters wide in the middle of the plate, somewhat tapering towards the base and pointed towards the apex, with prominent veins. The flowers are large, bisexual, with a corolla-shaped dividing perianth, in bunches of 4-8 pieces. Some trees live up to 7-9 thousand years.

9

The genus Gidnora includes 5 species growing in the tropical regions of Africa, Arabia and Madagascar, it is not very common, so just walking in the desert, you will not find it. This plant is more like a mushroom until its unusual flower opens. In fact, the flower is named after the hydnor mushroom, which means mushroom in Greek. Hydnoraceae flowers are rather large, solitary, almost sessile, bisexual, petalless. And what we usually see on the surface of the soil is what we call a flower.

These features of color and structure, as well as the putrid smell of flowers, serve to attract beetles that feed on carrion. Beetles, climbing into the flowers, crawl into them, especially in their lower part, where the reproductive organs are located, contributing to their pollination. Often, female beetles not only find food in flowers, but also lay eggs there.

The inhabitants of Africa - willingly use the fruits of hydnora for food, like some animals. In Madagascar, the hydnora fruit is considered one of the best local fruits. Thus, the peddlers of hydnora seeds are the most and humans. In Madagascar, the flowers and roots of Hydnora are used by locals to treat heart disease.

8

Baobab is a species of trees from the genus Adansonia of the Malvaceae family, characteristic of the dry savannahs of tropical Africa. The lifespan of baobabs is controversial - they do not have growth rings, which can be used to reliably calculate age. Radiocarbon dating has shown more than 5,500 years for a tree 4.5 meters in diameter, although baobabs are more conservatively estimated to live for about 1,000 years.

In winter and during the dry period, the tree begins to consume moisture reserves, decreasing in volume, sheds foliage. Baobab blossoms from October to December. Baobab flowers are large - up to 20 cm in diameter, white with five petals and purple stamens, on hanging pedicels. They open in the late afternoon and live only one night, attracting the scent of bats that pollinate them. In the morning, the flowers wither, acquiring an unpleasant putrefactive odor, and fall off.

Next, oblong edible fruits develop, which resemble cucumbers or melons, covered with a thick, hairy peel. Inside the fruits are filled with sour mealy pulp with black seeds. The baobab dies in a peculiar way: it seems to crumble and gradually settle, leaving behind only a pile of fiber. However, baobabs are extremely tenacious. They quickly restore the stripped bark; continue to bloom and bear fruit. A cut down or fallen tree is able to take on new roots.

7

Victoria amazonica is a large herbaceous tropical plant of the Water Lily family, the largest water lily in the world and one of the most popular greenhouse plants in the world. Victoria amazonica was named after Queen Victoria of England. Victoria Amazonian is common in the Amazon in Brazil and Bolivia, it is also found in the rivers of Guyana that flow into the Caribbean Sea.

Huge water lily leaves reach 2.5 meters and, with a uniformly distributed load, can withstand weight up to 50 kilograms. The tuberous rhizome is usually deeply recessed into the muddy bottom. The upper surface is green with a waxy layer that repels excess water and also has small holes to remove water. The lower part is purplish red with a mesh of ribs studded with spikes to protect against herbivorous fish, air bubbles accumulate between the ribs to help the leaf float. In one season, each tuber can produce up to 50 leaves, which, growing, cover a large surface of the reservoir, blocking sunlight and thereby limiting the growth of other plants.

Victoria Amazonian flowers are under water and bloom only once a year for 2-3 days. Flowers bloom only at night, and with the onset of dawn they fall under water. During flowering, flowers placed above the water, in the open state, have a diameter of 20-30 centimeters. On the first day, the color of the petals is white, on the second they are pinkish, on the third they turn purple or dark crimson. In the wild, the plant can live up to 5 years.

6

Sequoia is a monotypic genus of woody plants of the Cypress family. It grows on the Pacific coast of North America. Individual specimens of sequoia reach a height of more than 110 meters - these are the tallest trees on Earth. The maximum age is more than three and a half thousand years. This tree is better known as the "mahogany", while plants of the related species sequoiadendron are known as "giant sequoias".

Their diameter at the level of the human chest is about 10 meters. The largest tree in the world "General Sherman". Its height is 83.8 meters. In 2002, the volume of wood was 1487 m³. It is believed that he is 2300-2700 years old. The tallest tree in the world is Hyperion, its height is 115 meters.

5

Nepenthes is the only genus of plants of the monotypic Nepentaceae family, which includes about 120 species. Most species grow in tropical Asia, especially on the island of Kalimantan. Named after the herb of oblivion from ancient Greek mythology - nepenfa. Species of the genus are mostly shrub or semi-shrub lianas growing in humid habitats. Their long thin herbaceous or slightly lignified stems climb the trunks and large branches of neighboring trees to tens of meters in height, carrying their narrow terminal racemose or paniculate inflorescences to sunlight.

In different types of Nepenthes, jugs differ in size, shape and color. Their length varies from 2.5 to 30 centimeters, and in some species it can reach up to 50 cm. Most often, the jugs are painted in bright colors: red, matte white with a spotted pattern, or light green with spots. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, actinomorphic and petalless, with four imbricate sepals. The fruit is in the form of a leathery box, divided by internal partitions into separate chambers, in each of which seeds with a fleshy endosperm and a straight cylindrical small embryo are attached to the column.

It is curious that large nepenthes, in addition to eating insects, also use the droppings of tupaya animals, which climb onto the plant like on a toilet bowl to feast on sweet nectar. In this way, the plant forms a symbiotic relationship with the animal, using its droppings as fertilizer.

4

This fungus, belonging to Agaricus mushrooms, looks like chewed chewing gum, oozing blood and smelling of strawberries. However, you should not eat it, because it is one of the most poisonous mushrooms on earth, and even just licking it can be guaranteed to get serious poisoning. The mushroom gained fame in 1812, and then it was recognized as inedible. The surface of the fruit bodies is white, velvety, with small depressions, becoming beige or brown with age. On the surface of young specimens, drops of a poisonous blood-red liquid protrude through the pores. The word “tooth” in the title is not just that. The fungus has sharp formations along the edges that appear with age.

In addition to its external qualities, this mushroom has good antibacterial properties and contains chemicals that thin the blood. It is possible that soon this mushroom will become a replacement for penicillin. The main feature of this fungus is that it can feed on both soil juices and insects, which are attracted by the red liquid of the fungus. The diameter of the cap of a bloody tooth is 5-10 centimeters, the length of the stem is 2-3 centimeters. The bloody tooth grows in the coniferous forests of Australia, Europe and North America.

3

The top three among the most unusual plants in the world is closed by a large tropical plant of the genus Amorphophallus of the aroid family, discovered in 1878 in Sumatra. One of the most famous species of the genus, it has one of the largest inflorescences in the world. The aerial part of this plant is a short and thick stem, at the base there is a single large leaf, above - smaller ones. Leaf length up to 3 meters, and up to 1 meter in diameter. Petiole length 2-5 meters, thickness 10 cm. Matte green, with white transverse stripes. The underground part of the plant is a giant tuber weighing up to 50 kilograms.

The aroma of the flower resembles a mixture of rotten eggs and rotten fish, and in appearance the flower resembles a decomposing piece of meat. It is this smell that attracts pollinating insects to the plant in the wild. Flowering continues for two weeks. Interestingly, the cob is heated up to 40 ° C. The tuber during this time is greatly depleted due to the overexpenditure of nutrients. Therefore, he needs another rest period of up to 4 weeks in order to accumulate strength for leaf development. If there are few nutrients, then the tuber “sleeps” after flowering until next spring. The life expectancy of this plant is 40 years, but during this time it blooms only three or four times.

2

Velvichia is amazing - a relic tree - is one species, one genus, one family, one order of the Velvichievs. Velvichia grows in southern Angola and Namibia. The plant is rarely found further than a hundred kilometers from the coast, this approximately corresponds to the limit reached by fogs, which are the main source of moisture for Welwitschia. Its appearance cannot be called grass, bush or tree. The scientific world learned about Velvichia in the 19th century.

From afar, it seems that Velvichia has many long leaves, but in fact there are only two of them, and they grow throughout its plant life, adding 8-15 centimeters per year. In scientific works, a giant was described with a leaf length of more than 6 meters and a width of about 2. And its life expectancy is so long that it is hard to believe. Although Velvichia is considered a tree, it does not have annual rings, as on tree trunks. Scientists have determined the age of the largest Velvichii by radiocarbon dating - it turned out that some specimens are about 2000 years old!

Instead of a social plant life, Velvichia prefers a lonely existence, that is, it does not grow in a group. Velvichia flowers look like small cones, with only one seed in each female cone, and each seed is equipped with wide wings. As for pollination, the opinions of botanists differ here. Some believe that pollination is carried out by insects, while others are more inclined to the action of the wind. Velvichia is protected by the Namibian Conservation Act. The collection of its seeds is prohibited without special permission. The entire territory where Velvichia grows has been turned into a National Park.

1

Look at the pictures. Read the captions. Write a story about the fruit of a plant. Cherry fruit (drupe), Dandelion fruit (seed), tomato fruit (berry), pea fruit (bean), oak fruit (acorn).

Answers:

A lot of people make the mistake of calling a tomato a vegetable. Because it's a berry. The fruits of this plant appear in mid-August and until mid-September. The fruit of the tomato is used most often for food. Both raw and cooked. There is an interesting fact that in the 18th century tomatoes were considered poisonous. One guy decided to commit suicide and ate a tomato, hoping to die from the poison. But he didn't die. But he became the discoverer of Tomato.

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Question: Consider the fruits of different plants: apple, pear, tomato, hazel, sunflower, poppy. Let's compare their taste. We divide the fruits according to the criterion: juicy-dry. We give examples of other fruits with the same characteristics.

Answer: juicy fruits include: fruits of apple, pear, tomato. Dry fruits include sunflower, poppy, hazel.

Examples of juicy fruits: currants, watermelon, gooseberries, strawberries.

Examples of dry fruits: peas (bean fruit), acorn, caryopsis (in wheat).

Homework.

Question: Look at the pictures. Read the captions. Write a story about the fruit of a plant.

Answer: Tomato, also known as a tomato, has long been known as a garden plant, not a single festive table can do without it. It is used in salads, appetizers, and also eaten raw. The plant itself is called a tomato, and its fruits are called tomatoes. They can be red, yellow, green, pink and even burgundy.

Tomato came to us from South America. Wild and semi-wild species of this plant are still found on this mainland. The tomato was known to the Aztecs, its ancient name, tomato, has been preserved. In the XVI century. the tomato became famous in Europe. The first European countries where the tomato came were Portugal and Spain. Then this plant was appreciated in France and Italy. In the XVIII century. the tomato came to Russia, but initially it was grown as an ornamental plant, and its fruits were considered poisonous.

In Russia, the tomato ceased to be considered poisonous in the 18th century. The edible qualities of the tomato were discovered and described by the nobleman and scientist Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov, who, in addition to other sciences, also studied agronomy. However, there is still no clear answer to what a tomato is - a berry, a vegetable or a fruit. Botany calls a tomato a berry. At the end of the XVIII century. a US court ruled that a tomato is a fruit, but when transporting tomatoes, they were charged customs duties as for vegetables. In 2001, the European Union decided that a tomato is still a fruit.

Fresh tomatoes are extremely healthy. They contain many substances that are simply necessary for the human body. These substances include starch, vitamins B, C, fiber, sugars, nicotinic, folic and other organic acids, mineral components such as sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulfur, iodine, chlorine. For diseases of the digestive tract, cardiovascular system, anemia, gastritis, it is very useful to use fresh tomatoes and tomato juice. Tomatoes help with the weakening of memory and loss of strength. And there is no need to talk about the taste of this vegetable.

Plants are all around us. Small, big, tall, low, blooming, and weaving - they serve people from time immemorial. They decorate our planet, delight the eye, make our life brighter and more cheerful. Many of them have interesting properties, unusual qualities and appearance.

A lot of unusual things can be learned about many representatives of the flora. It is especially useful to tell something interesting about plants for children. Such knowledge develops in them a love for their native nature, arouses curiosity, a desire to learn something new.

Here, for example, a banana. Most of us believe that bananas grow on trees, on palm trees. However, any botanist will tell you that bananas are herbs, though reaching up to 10 meters in height. Its hardened stems are intertwined, taking on the appearance of a trunk
tree.

Scientists have found that some plants can even distinguish the mood, character of people, feel their intentions, they can even interact with other living beings. There are many more interesting facts about the ordinary, familiar to us representatives of the flora.

Let's talk about some interesting plants known to us and not so much. Learn about their unusual properties:

Mimosa bashful

This mimosa is a real touchy. When touched, it quickly folds the leaves, and then opens them again. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the flower gets used to regular exposure and stops responding to the stimulus. For example, if you constantly drip water on a mimosa, it will stop curdling after a short time. Moreover, this plant forever loses its reaction to drops of water, even if it is transplanted mimosa to another place.

bokila

It grows in the tropical rainforests of Chile. Its long stem stretches up the stems of other plants. The peculiarity of the goblet is that it imitates other people's leaves no worse than a professional parodist. It completely repeats the shape, size, color of the leaves of the plant on which it is woven. It also grows leaves exactly repeating the plants that are nearby. Thus, on its stem you can see leaves of different shapes, sizes and colors. Why she needs this ability, scientists have not yet figured out.

Rizantella Gardner

Very unusual, rare plant of the orchid family. The fact is that the entire life cycle of risantella spends underground. Even its maroon large flowers are underground and pollinated by termites as well as other underground insects.

cacti

Unlike the exotic representatives of the flora described above, cacti are known to everyone. Many of us grow them at home. There are real connoisseurs who collect these prickly lumps. Cacti are interesting in that they perfectly tolerate any heat. For example, 60 degrees is quite a comfortable temperature for them.

Once upon a time, the spines of large wild cacti were used for medicinal purposes. They managed to sew up wounds, and disinfected needles on hot coals. And some species are edible. Compotes, jams are cooked from them, eaten raw, having previously been cleaned of needles.

Apricot

Everyone's favorite, sweet apricot comes from China. The history of its cultivation has about six thousand years. Only three thousand years ago they learned about it in Europe. There, apricots have long been called Armenian apples or plums, although Armenia is not their homeland.

Delicious, ripe, they are very useful for children. They are rich in vitamins and other beneficial substances. For example, if you eat 200 g of apricots per day, you can fully provide the body with a daily dose of vitamin A.

The well-known orange dried apricot is nothing but a dried apricot. Apricots are used to make delicious jams, jams, they are used in the preparation of cakes, baking buns.

Apples

It would seem that there could be interesting things in familiar, familiar apples. However, these fruits contain a huge amount of nutrients that have the most positive effect on health. And apple peel contains a large amount of fiber necessary for normal digestion.

There are interesting facts about these fruits:

In America, in Manhattan, an apple tree grows, planted still planted in 1647. But until now, the long-lived tree is not going to die, and moreover, it bears fruit every year.
And one gardener from Switzerland, Markus Kobert, grew an unusual fruit. It looks like an apple, but inside it is a real tomato. The gardener named it "Red Love". And what to do with him now, probably, he himself does not know.

Or, here's another interesting fact: many of you have noticed that an apple seems to be heavy, but it does not sink in water. This comes from the fact that they are 20-25% air, it is he who keeps them on the water.

There are a lot of interesting and unexplored things on our planet. Nature has adorned the earth with various types of flora. It is very important for children, and for adults as well, to know what a beautiful, rich, but very fragile planet we live on. We all need to remember that we are responsible for this gift of nature. Therefore, stories about plants, interesting about plants for children - this is what can develop love for the world in our children. Only we can preserve and increase its wonderful, unique flora. Everything depends on us... Therefore, it is necessary to tell children about the world with kindness from birth.