Melee weapons and multi-tools of ichthyanders - let's talk about domestic versions of diver's knives. Universal diving knife nvu navy of the ussr Sling cutter of the airborne troops of Russia

A regular diving knife with a ring is fixed in the sheath with the help of a threaded connection and was widely used in the armies of various states, including Germany, Italy and the USA. Such a fixation of the blade was also used in the USSR in the standard diving knife of the Navy, shown in the photo. The blade of this knife is of a classic shape, made of corrosion-resistant steel, the handle is made of processed wood.
The ring on the handle serves to attach the cord to avoid accidental loss of the knife. Despite the outward elegance, the knife is quite heavy, its weight with the scabbard reaches one kilogram, and the dimensions of the handle allow you to confidently use it with your hand, dressed in a turtleneck glove.

The fastening of the scabbard on the belt is rigid due to the metal bracket, into which the diving belt is threaded. This is necessary in order to be able to use one hand, without holding the scabbard, to make 3-4 half-turns of the handle, freeing the regular diving knife with a ring, fixed at the mouth of the scabbard.

Photo of a regular diving knife with a ring:

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The performance characteristics (TTX) and the purpose of a standard diving non-magnetic knife:

Regular non-magnetic diving knife, USSR Navy. There were two of them - a diving knife (drawing 1U-170) and a diver-athlete knife (drawing H14M-00-000), also known as a universal diving knife (NVU), which, in accordance with the requirements for magnetic visibility when working with high-sensitivity magnetometric fuses should not have magnetic elements of equipment.

Dimensions - 320/195/37/6.5.
Weight - 492/1438.
The handle is rubber.
Blade - beryllium bronze, single-sided sharpening.
The knife was in the supply of sappers-submariners, who should not have magnetic items of equipment.

Photo regular diving non-magnetic knife:

Universal diving knife (NVU) - was a regular knife of light divers of the USSR Navy and is still used by maritime reconnaissance and anti-PDSS units (submarine sabotage forces and means) as cold weapons and for outdoor work.
The NVU blade is equipped with a serrator for sawing cables, ropes and steel nets. The sheath is plastic, with the possibility of a two-point attachment to the shin or forearm. In the scabbard, the NVU is attached with the help of a rubber pad on the handle. This method of fastening reduces the time of removing the knife, but also practically eliminates the possibility of losing it.
The universal diving knife (NVU) has negative buoyancy, in other words, it sinks. But, having sunk and having reached the bottom, it becomes in a vertical position on the ground with the handle up, which makes it easier to search for it under water in case of loss. There is an anti-magnetic modification of the NVU-AM knife, on which there is no seperator.

Components of a universal diving knife (NVU):

1. Blade (with serrated). stainless steel.
2. brass bolster.
3. plastic handle.
4. Nut-head for fixing the blade in the handle (brass).
5. Plastic sheath.
6. Waist belt.
7. Strap fixation.
8. Spare rubber retainer.
9. Safety lace.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the knife diving universal (NVU):

Total length - 320mm

blade length - 170mm.

Photo of a universal diving knife (NVU):

There is an opinion among collectors that the term "Russian combat knife" has no right to exist. It turns out that there was a shoe-knife, there was a baguette, there was a bayonet, but there was no Russian combat knife. Although both the "Word of Igor's Campaign" and the chronicles tell us the opposite - the Russian tradition of knife fighting is much more powerful than similar traditions of any other state. It was the knife, and later the bayonet attack, that the Russians simply terrified the enemy. By the way, an interesting historical fact - in the armies of Western Europe, the bayonet was the "weapon of last chance."

The concept of a "bayonet attack" practically did not exist there, and the deadly attachment to the barrel of a musket served only for defense. The Russian deadly offensive bayonet attack has become a legend. The great Russian commander Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov generally introduced it into a cult, pushing the importance of bullet shooting from a firearm into the background. His winged saying “A bullet is a fool, a bayonet is a good fellow” is known to every Russian who is interested in the history of his Motherland. However, the most famous was and remains the bayonet to the rifle of the remarkable Russian designer and organizer of the gun production, Sergei Ivanovich Mosin.

Bayonet to the rifle S.I. Mosin model 1891/1930

Created on the basis of the bayonet for the Berdan rifle of the 1870 model, the square bayonet entered service with the Russian army along with the Mosin rifle in 1891.

It was a terrible melee weapon. A half-meter four-sided needle blade inflicted deep penetrating wounds, accompanied by severe damage to internal organs. In addition, a small inlet did not allow to assess on the spot the depth of penetration of the bayonet into the body and the severity of the injury, which could result in internal bleeding and infections, leading to peritonitis and, as a result, to death.

Practically unchanged, the bayonet for the Mosin rifle lasted half a century, having survived its peak in the revolution and the Civil War. In the Great Patriotic War, he became the cause of the death of a considerable number of the Nazis and a symbol of the people's liberation war against the Nazi invaders, which is reflected in many posters of that time.

Scout knife and its derivatives

Army knife (NA-40)

Just before the Great Patriotic War, the weapon of Russian soldiers was born, no less legendary than the bayonet for the Mosin rifle - the famous NA-40 (“army knife”), or HP-40 (“scout knife”), adopted for service in 1940 , immediately after the Soviet-Finnish war. The second more popular, but historically less true name is due to the fact that reconnaissance companies and submachine gunners were armed with this knife. The narrow - up to 22 mm - blade of the NA-40 made it possible to stick it between the ribs of the enemy with the least resistance and at the same time lighten the weight of the knife itself. The wooden handle and scabbard served the same purpose and at the same time reduced the cost of production.

Army knife of the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps

An interesting historical fact: in 1943, the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps was formed, fully equipped at the expense of extra labor and voluntary donations from the workers of the Urals. It was a gift to the front from people who were already working at the limit of human strength, an example of mass labor heroism of workers.

It was the Soviet-Finnish war that was an experience that showed the shortcomings of the reconnaissance and sabotage activities of Soviet specialists behind enemy lines, including the lack of a multifunctional universal combat knife in their arsenal. With the help of which it is possible to silently remove the enemy sentry, and equip a temporary parking lot or caches in the forest, and make snowshoes, and quickly figure out a drag for a wounded comrade from improvised material. Therefore, on the basis of a uniform bayonet-knife of the 1919 model and a Finnish scout knife, the legendary NA-40 was made.

However, I do not think that it was the Soviet-Finnish war that opened the eyes of Russian gunsmiths to the advantages of the combat knives of a recent enemy. "Finca" gained fame in Russia and enjoyed well-deserved popularity even before the revolution. And although since the 30s the Finnish knife has been legally banned in the USSR, in the same years it becomes a special means of the NKVD in a slightly modified form.

The so-called “Finnish NKVD”, or “Norwegian-type knife”, was produced at the Trud plant (before the revolution, the factory of the industrialist Kondratov) in the village of Vacha, Nizhny Novgorod Region, in the 40s. Although in reality this particular knife has nothing to do with Finland - the model is copied from a Swedish hunting knife made by the famous master Pontus Holmberg from Eskilstuna.

Hunting knife of Pontus Holmberg from Eskilstuna

The same knife, the ancestor of the famous “Finnish NKVD”, or “Norwegian-type knife”, which is talked about so much and which few people even saw in the photograph. Swedish hunting knife made by Pontus Holmberg from Eskilstuna.

Finca NKVD, modern version

Nowadays, the "NKVD Finca" is made from modern materials, its design has been significantly altered. The guard became almost straight, the pommel of the handle was “rounded”. The handle itself can be made entirely of wood or coated with type-setting leather.

In 1943, the guard, handle and scabbard of the NA-40 underwent major changes and Soviet intelligence officers adopted an even more successful design - the HP-43 knife with a straight guard, leather sheath and a strong plastic handle topped with a metal pommel - if anything, and hammer a wedge , and caress the enemy on the head. The knife was named "Cherry". The design turned out to be so successful that it is still in service with a number of Russian special forces.

Special Scout Knife (NRS)

In the 60s, the NRS (special reconnaissance knife) was created in the USSR, designed to defeat the enemy in battle both with a blade and with the help of a firing mechanism located in the handle and representing a short barrel and a trigger mechanism. The NRS fired a silent SP-3 cartridge with a 7.62 mm caliber bullet of the 1943 model.

Special scout knife - 2 (НРС-2)

In 1986, the NRS was upgraded to the NRS-2. The blade of the knife became spear-shaped, the saw on the butt was almost halved, the SP-3 cartridge was replaced with the also silent SP-4 with an unusual cylindrical bullet, despite the “stump-shaped” shape that pierces a standard helmet at a distance of twenty meters. The cocking of the hammer occurs with the help of a special lever located on the handle, the descent - with another lever located on its end part. Reloading occurs by removing the barrel, which takes an average of 1-2 minutes. Currently, the NRS-2 is in service with the reconnaissance units of the Airborne Forces and the Marine Corps, as well as special forces of the internal affairs bodies and parts of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

bayonet knives

However, the most famous Russian combat knife for every citizen of our country is the bayonet-knife for the Kalashnikov assault rifle. The first model of the AK Kalashnikov assault rifle, adopted by the Soviet army in 1949, did not have a bayonet at all. Only in 1953, along with the so-called lightweight AK assault rifle, was the “6X2 product bayonet-knife” adopted, which had the same blade as the bayonet for the SVT-40 self-loading rifle and differed only in the locking mechanism. According to experts, “the bayonet-knife product“ 6X2 ”was an extremely successful design.

Experimental knife R.M. Todorov sample 1956

The prototype of the bayonet-knife for AKM was the regular knife of the reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Navy, designed by Lieutenant Colonel R.M. Todorov sample 1956. Judging by the suspension of Todorov's knife, he simply hung on his belt like an ordinary HP.

Todorov's experimental knife came to the attention of the employees of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, who were engaged in the creation of a promising bayonet-knife, and was redone for AKM with a change in a number of nodes, retaining the shape of the blade practically unchanged. And since that time it has been copied in one form or another by the designers of almost all countries of the world that manufacture weapons.

Bayonet-knife for AKM model 1959

In 1959, during the modernization of the AK-47 assault rifle to AKM, the bayonet-knife “6X2 product” was replaced with a lighter and more versatile one, created on the basis of an experimental knife designed by Lieutenant Colonel R.M. Todorov, which was mentioned above. But the new bayonet-knife, the “6X3 product”, was soon again upgraded to the AK-74 assault rifle, which replaced the AKM.

Bayonet-knife for AKM and AK74 model 1978

This bayonet-knife became a kind of hallmark of the Soviet Union, together with the AK-74 assault rifle. There is an opinion that the Kalashnikov assault rifle is the most famous and popular weapon of the last century, adopted in fifty-five countries of the world. On the flag and coat of arms of the Republic of Mozambique there is an image of a Kalashnikov assault rifle with an attached bayonet, which symbolizes the struggle for the country's independence. Also, a Kalashnikov assault rifle can be seen on the emblems of the Democratic Republic of East Timor and the Republic of Zimbabwe.

To be honest, this is a completely different bayonet-knife, little like its predecessor. Perhaps the only resemblance is in the shape of the scabbard and the presence of a characteristic hole on the blade. The shape of the blade and handle has changed, the material from which the handle and scabbard are made, as well as the form of fastening - now the Russian bayonet-knife is placed in a horizontal plane to the right of the new Nikonov AN-94 assault rifle, adopted by the Russian army.

The engineers of the Izhevsk plant, who created the last sample of a regular bayonet-knife, believe that this method of fastening will help to avoid the blade getting stuck between the enemy's ribs. And, perhaps, there is a certain reason for this, because such a position of the blade is typical for many schools of knife fighting. Although the previous one, in general, has not been canceled, the knife flies into the enemy’s stomach and in the vertical plane without hitting it.

Sling cutters

It is impossible not to recall such an interesting weapon as a regular sling cutter of the Airborne Forces of the USSR. Despite the purely practical purpose of this knife - to cut tangled parachute lines if the main canopy does not open when landing on a tree or on water, it is still a military weapon. Moreover, the weapon is quite serious, given the ability of a double-sided saw to inflict lacerations. If, on the basis of the principle that “in the Airborne Forces, any object is a weapon”, in addition to sharpen the blunt leaf-shaped part of the blade to the proper sharpness, the sling cutter will become a completely full-fledged hand-to-hand combat weapon.

Sling cutter of the Airborne Forces of Russia

The modern Russian sling cutter is an automatic knife with a frontal ejection of the blade, which has a double-sided sharpening in the absence of a piercing point.

diving knives

Regular diving non-magnetic knife

Now a few words about Russian diving knives. To date, only professional divers and, perhaps, collectors can meet classic diving knives, which are characterized by large sizes and have a developed handle with large stops that allow you to securely hold the knife both in your bare hand and in a diving glove. The materials of such knives are made from special non-magnetic alloys, mainly titanium. The blade is extremely durable and can have several types of sharpening, as well as special tools and screwdrivers. On the butt there is often a metal pommel, which can be used as a hammer.

Regular diving knife with a ring

The method of fastening a knife in a sheath using a threaded connection was widely used in the armies of various states, including Germany, Italy and the United States. This blade fixation was also used in the USSR in the standard diving knife of the Navy. The blade of this knife is classically shaped, made of stainless steel, the handle is made of treated wood.

The ring on the handle is used to attach the cord to prevent accidental loss of the knife. Despite the external elegance, the knife is quite heavy, its weight together with the scabbard reaches one kilogram, and the dimensions of the handle allow you to confidently use it with a hand dressed in a diving glove. The fastening of the scabbard on the belt is rigid due to the metal bracket into which the diving belt is threaded. This is necessary in order to be able to make 3–4 half-turns of the handle with one hand, without holding the sheath, releasing the knife fixed at the mouth of the sheath with a threaded connection.

The combat knife was a regular knife for light divers of the USSR Navy and is still used by naval reconnaissance and anti-PDSS units (underwater sabotage forces and means) as cold weapons and for work under water or on land.

The NVU blade is equipped with a serrator for sawing cables, ropes and steel nets. The sheath is made of plastic, with the possibility of a two-point attachment to the shin or forearm. In the scabbard, the NVU is attached with a rubber pad on the handle. This method of fastening reduces the time of removing the knife, but also virtually eliminates the possibility of losing it. NVU has negative buoyancy, in simple terms, it sinks. But, having sunk and reached the bottom, it becomes vertical on the ground with the handle up, which greatly facilitates its search under water in case of loss. There is an anti-magnetic modification of the NVU-AM knife, on which there is no serrated sharpening.

Utility/combat knives

Sea Devil

The knife was named "Sea Devil" with the light hand of combat swimmers who take part in the testing of new types of edged weapons. The creator of the knife is Igor Skrylev, the author of many developments in the field of creating combat knives, adopted by special units of the Russian army and navy. "Sea Devil" is a wide-profile knife that can be successfully used by both combat swimmers and special forces of other branches of the armed forces to solve a wide range of tasks.

Experimental model of a universal knife created for the marines. The design of universal knives has always attracted designers who create the latest models of edged weapons, but solving a wide range of tasks with a single tool is almost impossible.

The Storm knife has a stainless steel blade and a shock-resistant, chemically inert handle, as a result of which it can be used for close combat by the Marine Corps units for which it was actually created. The knife is purely combat - due to the lack of a saw on the butt and a serrator on the blade, it can hardly be considered universal.

The knife was made by order of the Moscow SOBR by the AiR company from the city of Zlatoust. There are three versions - a combat knife, a premium combat knife and a civilian modification. The premium version differs in that it is made with gilding, but in terms of tactical and technical characteristics it does not differ from the combat one.

DV-1 and DV-2

Knives DV-1 and DV-2, differing only in the length of the blade, were created on special order and in cooperation with the fighters of the Far Eastern special forces. This is also evidenced by their names - DV means "Far Eastern". These are massive camping knives that can withstand heavy loads and be used for the toughest jobs.

The knife impresses with its large size. Its total length is 365 mm and the blade length is 235 mm. The blade is coated with a matte black finish to protect against corrosion and to eliminate unmasking glare. Descents from half a click, even with a solid thickness of 5.8 mm, provide a good cut. On the butt of the blade there is a section with a bevel, forming an unsharpened wedge, which is used for cutting bones. The recess in front of the guard (choil) allows you to intercept the knife, passing its guard between the index and middle fingers. Such a grip is used to facilitate the removal of a stuck knife, as well as for a number of jobs where such an arrangement of the brush on the knife provides better control.

DV-2 has a double-sided guard, which perfectly protects the hand. The handle, made of tightly fitting leather discs, has an oval cross section. The hilt ends with a massive pommel used for traumatic purposes. The top is put on a through shank and tightened on it with a flat nut. The sheath of the knife is of a classic design, made of two layers of thick leather, interconnected with rivets. The suspension is vertical, with a strap that securely fixes the handle.

Knives of the "Punisher" series were created specifically for the power units of the FSB of Russia by ZAO "Melita-K", which since 1994 has been producing high-quality knives, including a wide range of combat knives and daggers.

"Punishers" are produced in two versions - "VZMAX-1" and "Maestro". In addition, there are modifications that differ in the material of the handle (composite leather, rubber or kraton). "VZMAX-1" differs in the root part of the serrated sharpening, and "Maestro" - serrated sharpening on top, the type of scabbard and the type of blade finishing (anti-reflective, black or camouflage). The guard is double-sided. The wide blade is convenient for digging and allows, if necessary, to use the knife as an additional support on slopes with loose soil. The cutting part of the blade has a sickle-shaped cavity, which allows to increase the length of the cutting edge while maintaining linear dimensions. The knife is completed with a sheath made of high-quality leather or avisent, allowing you to mount it on the arm, leg, belt and elements of combat or camping equipment. Knife "VZMAX-1" officially adopted.

The knives "Vityaz NSN", "Vityaz NM", "Vityaz" were created by order of the President of the BKB Vityaz Hero of Russia S.I. Lysyuk for arming special forces. The main feature of the design is a large heavy blade with a narrow blade, which allows, upon impact, to maintain inertia of movement, reduce weight and increase penetrating ability, an anatomically comfortable guard that allows you to securely fix the knife in your hand.

Knife "Antiterror" was created for the power units of the FSB of Russia. The blade of the knife has a petal shape, which allows the maximum use of the working area of ​​the blade and increases its secant properties. The blade configuration has high penetrating abilities, the cutting part has a sickle-shaped cavity, which allows to increase the length of the cutting edge while maintaining linear dimensions. Reinforced the back of the blade. The standard ergonomic guard prevents the hand from slipping off at the moment of striking.

Combat knives of the Katran series differ in the type of blade and handle material. Knives of the "Katran" series, depending on the modification, are used as an underwater knife, a combat knife or a survival knife. The handle of the knife has a double-sided guard and a metal pommel. The handle material is type-setting leather, rubber or craton, depending on the modification.

- "Katran-1" - underwater combat knife. Blade with one and a half sharpening. On the butt, the sharpening is made in the form of a wave-shaped saw. In the root part there is a hook for cutting nets and serrated sharpening. Rubber handle. Plastic scabbard with leg straps. Coating of metal parts - black chrome.

- "Katran-1-S" - land version of this knife. It differs in blade material: steel 50X14 MF. Anti-reflective treatment of metal parts. The handle is type-setting from skin. Leather sheath with plastic insert.

- "Katran-2" - a hunting knife with one and a half sharpening. On the butt, the sharpening has an angle designed for cutting. Anti-reflective treatment. The handle is type-setting from skin. The scabbard is leather.

- "Katran-45" - combat knife. An exclusive model created by order of the 45th Airborne Regiment. It is distinguished by the presence of a metal saw blade on the butt, anti-reflective coating. The handle is type-setting from skin. Leather scabbard. There is an option with camouflage coated metal parts.

The combat dagger "Shaitan" was created in 2001 by order and together with employees of the power unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tatarstan (Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Tatarstan). The combat dagger "Shaitan" is produced in two modifications: the handle is type-setting leather and the skeletal type ("Shaitan-M"). The knife has a narrow leaf-shaped blade with double-sided sharpening. In the root part, the sharpening is made serrated. Designed to be used as a sling cutter, the serrator cuts 10-12mm climbing rope with ease. The shape of the blade is intended for inflicting deep cut wounds, as well as for the greatest exploitation of the working part of the blade. The guard and handle are symmetrical. Also, "Shaitan-M" can be used as a throwing knife that can withstand up to 3000 throws. Handle made of type-setting leather, subjected to special processing. All metal parts have anti-reflective treatment.

Knife "Akela" was created by order of SOBR as a "police" knife. A distinctive feature is its small size, which allows you to work in cramped urban conditions, crowded places, where it is impossible to use firearms. Knife dagger type, double-edged, the blade has an anti-reflective coating (black chrome). The handle is made of MBS rubber, fits comfortably in the hand. The pommel is metal, has a hole for a lanyard.

Knife "Smersh-5" - a classic combat knife. The ancestor of this knife was used during the Second World War (NR-43). The blade of the knife has a high penetrating power. Ergonomic guard prevents the hand from slipping during a strike. The upper butt part of the guard is designed for additional pressure when cutting hard objects.

Knife "Gyurza" consists of two modifications and has a narrow blade with one and a half sharpening. On the butt part of the sharpening is made with a serrator. Serreytor increases the combat capabilities of the knife, and is also used for cutting ropes and cables and, to a limited extent, as a substitute for a saw.

Combat knife "Cobra" was created by order of SOBR Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. This is a small dagger with a narrow blade and a double-sided, anatomically comfortable guard. "Cobra" is a serious weapon that allows you to solve combat missions in crowded places where firearms cannot be used. This dagger is designed not only for thrusting, the shape of its blade allows the use of cutting and chopping techniques, both with direct and reverse grip.

This large and powerful knife with a 180 mm blade was created by order of the FSB sapper units. "Vzryvotekhnik" was designed as a universal knife, designed to perform the functions of a military weapon, a survival knife and an engineering tool. Currently officially adopted. The blade is symmetrical, with differentiated sharpening - on one side of the blade is a regular sharpening, on the other a small serrated blade. The wooden handle has a steel pommel that can be used both in combat and as a hammer.

The combat knife, manufactured by AiR (Zlatoust), retains all the features of a classic dagger - a double-edged blade, symmetrical guard and hilt. This dagger is interesting in that it is, apparently, the only case in modern Russia of the revival of the tradition of departmental weapons, which, being a combat model, at the same time indicates belonging to a strictly defined state structure.

A small and only batch of this combat knife was made in 2008 by order of the Financial Monitoring Service especially for its employees. The dagger is made of stainless steel, the handle is type-setting leather, the guard and buttstock are aluminum.

The abbreviation "OTs" stands for "TsKIB Weapon". The OTs-04 knife was created at the Tula Central Design Research Bureau (TsKIB) in the late 80s and early 90s and was intended for special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The knife has a very massive design, butt thickness - 7 mm. The blade has a slight bevel in the front. There is a two-row saw on the butt of the blade, but due to the small height of the teeth, its efficiency is relatively low, especially when sawing raw wood. The handle is symmetrical, with a double-sided guard, made of plastic and has a large corrugation for a better hold.

Iron sheath, riveted from two halves. In them, the blade is held by a spring-loaded plate, like AK bayonet knives. The sheath has a leather loop for the classic location of the knife on the belt. Also included are leather adjustable straps that allow you to position the knife on the body and equipment in several ways.

In the 1960s - 1970s, the ShAP-40, ShAP-62 and ShAP-77 series hose scuba diving units were developed to replace three-bolts at shallow and medium depths. They made it possible to make the diver's equipment set much lighter and included reserve compressed air cylinders for autonomous breathing in emergency mode, or, in the event of a short-term disconnection of the hose, for work in cramped conditions.
New conditions for the use of ventilated equipment also required changes in the design of the knife: in the late 70s, a new diver's knife NVU (NVU - universal diving knife) began to enter the armed forces. He became a standard knife for divers of the USSR Navy and combat swimmers of the underwater special forces.

This knife is widely used by both Russian divers and combat swimmers. It is considered as a tool for performing small jobs (cutting cables and nets), a means for removing obstacles that interfere with a diver under water, as well as a defense weapon against sea predators and enemy combat swimmers.
The NVU knife has a relatively narrow single-edged blade 164 mm long. The blade is given a spear-like shape, which ensures high efficiency of stabbing blows. The penetrating ability of the blade is increased due to additional sharpening in the front of the butt. The butt has a serrated sharpening for sawing ropes, cables and nets.

The blade is made of stainless steel. A non-magnetic version of the NVU-AM knife is also produced (NVU-AM - universal diving knife - anti-magnetic) with a blade made of a non-magnetic alloy.
To protect the hand during hard work, a small symmetrical crosspiece is provided.
The handle is mounted, made of plastic. It has a fusiform shape, for greater grip reliability, ring-shaped protrusions are made on its surface. Massive steel pommel allows you to use the knife as a hammer.

The NVU knife has negative buoyancy, in other words, it sinks. But, having drowned and reached the bottom, it becomes vertical on the ground with the handle up, which makes it easier to search for it under water in case of loss.
The sheath is plastic, with the possibility of a two-point attachment to the shin or forearm. In the scabbard, the NVU is attached with a rubber pad on the handle. This method of fastening reduces the time of removing the knife, but also virtually eliminates the possibility of losing it.

Components of a universal diving knife (NVU):
1. Blade (with serrated). stainless steel.
2. brass bolster.
3. plastic handle.
4. Nut-head for fixing the blade in the handle (brass).
5. Plastic sheath.
6. Waist belt.
7. Strap fixation.
8. Spare rubber retainer.
9. Safety lanyard

Technical characteristics of the NVU knife:
Knife length, mm: 320;
Blade length, mm: 164;
Blade thickness, mm: 5;

There is an opinion among collectors that the term "Russian combat knife" has no right to exist. It turns out that there was a shoe-knife, there was a baguette, there was a bayonet, but there was no Russian combat knife. Although both the "Word of Igor's Campaign" and the chronicles tell us the opposite - the Russian tradition of knife fighting is much more powerful than similar traditions of any other state. It was the knife, and later the bayonet attack, that the Russians simply terrified the enemy. By the way, an interesting historical fact - in the armies of Western Europe, the bayonet was the "weapon of last chance."

The concept of a "bayonet attack" practically did not exist there, and the deadly attachment to the barrel of a musket served only for defense. The Russian deadly offensive bayonet attack has become a legend. The great Russian commander Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov generally introduced it into a cult, pushing the importance of bullet shooting from a firearm into the background. His winged saying “A bullet is a fool, a bayonet is a good fellow” is known to every Russian who is interested in the history of his Motherland. However, the most famous was and remains the bayonet to the rifle of the remarkable Russian designer and organizer of the gun production, Sergei Ivanovich Mosin.

Bayonet to the rifle S.I. Mosin model 1891/1930

Created on the basis of the bayonet for the Berdan rifle of the 1870 model, the square bayonet entered service with the Russian army along with the Mosin rifle in 1891.

It was a terrible melee weapon. A half-meter four-sided needle blade inflicted deep penetrating wounds, accompanied by severe damage to internal organs. In addition, a small inlet did not allow to assess on the spot the depth of penetration of the bayonet into the body and the severity of the injury, which could result in internal bleeding and infections, leading to peritonitis and, as a result, to death.

Practically unchanged, the bayonet for the Mosin rifle lasted half a century, having survived its peak in the revolution and the Civil War. In the Great Patriotic War, he became the cause of the death of a considerable number of the Nazis and a symbol of the people's liberation war against the Nazi invaders, which is reflected in many posters of that time.

Scout knife and its derivatives

Army knife (NA-40)

Just before the Great Patriotic War, the weapon of Russian soldiers was born, no less legendary than the bayonet for the Mosin rifle - the famous NA-40 (“army knife”), or HP-40 (“scout knife”), adopted for service in 1940 , immediately after the Soviet-Finnish war. The second more popular, but historically less true name is due to the fact that reconnaissance companies and submachine gunners were armed with this knife. The narrow - up to 22 mm - blade of the NA-40 made it possible to stick it between the ribs of the enemy with the least resistance and at the same time lighten the weight of the knife itself. The wooden handle and scabbard served the same purpose and at the same time reduced the cost of production.

Army knife of the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps

An interesting historical fact: in 1943, the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps was formed, fully equipped at the expense of extra labor and voluntary donations from the workers of the Urals. It was a gift to the front from people who were already working at the limit of human strength, an example of mass labor heroism of workers.

It was the Soviet-Finnish war that was an experience that showed the shortcomings of the reconnaissance and sabotage activities of Soviet specialists behind enemy lines, including the lack of a multifunctional universal combat knife in their arsenal. With the help of which it is possible to silently remove the enemy sentry, and equip a temporary parking lot or caches in the forest, and make snowshoes, and quickly figure out a drag for a wounded comrade from improvised material. Therefore, on the basis of a uniform bayonet-knife of the 1919 model and a Finnish scout knife, the legendary NA-40 was made.

However, I do not think that it was the Soviet-Finnish war that opened the eyes of Russian gunsmiths to the advantages of the combat knives of a recent enemy. "Finca" gained fame in Russia and enjoyed well-deserved popularity even before the revolution. And although since the 30s the Finnish knife has been legally banned in the USSR, in the same years it becomes a special means of the NKVD in a slightly modified form.

The so-called “Finnish NKVD”, or “Norwegian-type knife”, was produced at the Trud plant (before the revolution, the factory of the industrialist Kondratov) in the village of Vacha, Nizhny Novgorod Region, in the 40s. Although in reality this particular knife has nothing to do with Finland - the model is copied from a Swedish hunting knife made by the famous master Pontus Holmberg from Eskilstuna.

Hunting knife of Pontus Holmberg from Eskilstuna

The same knife, the ancestor of the famous “Finnish NKVD”, or “Norwegian-type knife”, which is talked about so much and which few people even saw in the photograph. Swedish hunting knife made by Pontus Holmberg from Eskilstuna.

Finca NKVD, modern version

Nowadays, the "NKVD Finca" is made from modern materials, its design has been significantly altered. The guard became almost straight, the pommel of the handle was “rounded”. The handle itself can be made entirely of wood or coated with type-setting leather.

In 1943, the guard, handle and scabbard of the NA-40 underwent major changes and Soviet intelligence officers adopted an even more successful design - the HP-43 knife with a straight guard, leather sheath and a strong plastic handle topped with a metal pommel - if anything, and hammer a wedge , and caress the enemy on the head. The knife was named "Cherry". The design turned out to be so successful that it is still in service with a number of Russian special forces.

Special Scout Knife (NRS)

In the 60s, the NRS (special reconnaissance knife) was created in the USSR, designed to defeat the enemy in battle both with a blade and with the help of a firing mechanism located in the handle and representing a short barrel and a trigger mechanism. The NRS fired a silent SP-3 cartridge with a 7.62 mm caliber bullet of the 1943 model.

Special scout knife - 2 (НРС-2)

In 1986, the NRS was upgraded to the NRS-2. The blade of the knife became spear-shaped, the saw on the butt was almost halved, the SP-3 cartridge was replaced with the also silent SP-4 with an unusual cylindrical bullet, despite the “stump-shaped” shape that pierces a standard helmet at a distance of twenty meters. The cocking of the hammer occurs with the help of a special lever located on the handle, the descent - with another lever located on its end part. Reloading occurs by removing the barrel, which takes an average of 1-2 minutes. Currently, the NRS-2 is in service with the reconnaissance units of the Airborne Forces and the Marine Corps, as well as special forces of the internal affairs bodies and parts of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

bayonet knives

However, the most famous Russian combat knife for every citizen of our country is the bayonet-knife for the Kalashnikov assault rifle. The first model of the AK Kalashnikov assault rifle, adopted by the Soviet army in 1949, did not have a bayonet at all. Only in 1953, along with the so-called lightweight AK assault rifle, was the “6X2 product bayonet-knife” adopted, which had the same blade as the bayonet for the SVT-40 self-loading rifle and differed only in the locking mechanism. According to experts, “the bayonet-knife product“ 6X2 ”was an extremely successful design.

Experimental knife R.M. Todorov sample 1956

The prototype of the bayonet-knife for AKM was the regular knife of the reconnaissance and sabotage units of the Navy, designed by Lieutenant Colonel R.M. Todorov sample 1956. Judging by the suspension of Todorov's knife, he simply hung on his belt like an ordinary HP.

Todorov's experimental knife came to the attention of the employees of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, who were engaged in the creation of a promising bayonet-knife, and was redone for AKM with a change in a number of nodes, retaining the shape of the blade practically unchanged. And since that time it has been copied in one form or another by the designers of almost all countries of the world that manufacture weapons.

Bayonet-knife for AKM model 1959

In 1959, during the modernization of the AK-47 assault rifle to AKM, the bayonet-knife “6X2 product” was replaced with a lighter and more versatile one, created on the basis of an experimental knife designed by Lieutenant Colonel R.M. Todorov, which was mentioned above. But the new bayonet-knife, the “6X3 product”, was soon again upgraded to the AK-74 assault rifle, which replaced the AKM.

Bayonet-knife for AKM and AK74 model 1978

This bayonet-knife became a kind of hallmark of the Soviet Union, together with the AK-74 assault rifle. There is an opinion that the Kalashnikov assault rifle is the most famous and popular weapon of the last century, adopted in fifty-five countries of the world. On the flag and coat of arms of the Republic of Mozambique there is an image of a Kalashnikov assault rifle with an attached bayonet, which symbolizes the struggle for the country's independence. Also, a Kalashnikov assault rifle can be seen on the emblems of the Democratic Republic of East Timor and the Republic of Zimbabwe.

To be honest, this is a completely different bayonet-knife, little like its predecessor. Perhaps the only resemblance is in the shape of the scabbard and the presence of a characteristic hole on the blade. The shape of the blade and handle has changed, the material from which the handle and scabbard are made, as well as the form of fastening - now the Russian bayonet-knife is placed in a horizontal plane to the right of the new Nikonov AN-94 assault rifle, adopted by the Russian army.

The engineers of the Izhevsk plant, who created the last sample of a regular bayonet-knife, believe that this method of fastening will help to avoid the blade getting stuck between the enemy's ribs. And, perhaps, there is a certain reason for this, because such a position of the blade is typical for many schools of knife fighting. Although the previous one, in general, has not been canceled, the knife flies into the enemy’s stomach and in the vertical plane without hitting it.

Sling cutters

It is impossible not to recall such an interesting weapon as a regular sling cutter of the Airborne Forces of the USSR. Despite the purely practical purpose of this knife - to cut tangled parachute lines if the main canopy does not open when landing on a tree or on water, it is still a military weapon. Moreover, the weapon is quite serious, given the ability of a double-sided saw to inflict lacerations. If, on the basis of the principle that “in the Airborne Forces, any object is a weapon”, in addition to sharpen the blunt leaf-shaped part of the blade to the proper sharpness, the sling cutter will become a completely full-fledged hand-to-hand combat weapon.

Sling cutter of the Airborne Forces of Russia

The modern Russian sling cutter is an automatic knife with a frontal ejection of the blade, which has a double-sided sharpening in the absence of a piercing point.

diving knives

Regular diving non-magnetic knife

Now a few words about Russian diving knives. To date, only professional divers and, perhaps, collectors can meet classic diving knives, which are characterized by large sizes and have a developed handle with large stops that allow you to securely hold the knife both in your bare hand and in a diving glove. The materials of such knives are made from special non-magnetic alloys, mainly titanium. The blade is extremely durable and can have several types of sharpening, as well as special tools and screwdrivers. On the butt there is often a metal pommel, which can be used as a hammer.

Regular diving knife with a ring

The method of fastening a knife in a sheath using a threaded connection was widely used in the armies of various states, including Germany, Italy and the United States. This blade fixation was also used in the USSR in the standard diving knife of the Navy. The blade of this knife is classically shaped, made of stainless steel, the handle is made of treated wood.

The ring on the handle is used to attach the cord to prevent accidental loss of the knife. Despite the external elegance, the knife is quite heavy, its weight together with the scabbard reaches one kilogram, and the dimensions of the handle allow you to confidently use it with a hand dressed in a diving glove. The fastening of the scabbard on the belt is rigid due to the metal bracket into which the diving belt is threaded. This is necessary in order to be able to make 3–4 half-turns of the handle with one hand, without holding the sheath, releasing the knife fixed at the mouth of the sheath with a threaded connection.

The combat knife was a regular knife for light divers of the USSR Navy and is still used by naval reconnaissance and anti-PDSS units (underwater sabotage forces and means) as cold weapons and for work under water or on land.

The NVU blade is equipped with a serrator for sawing cables, ropes and steel nets. The sheath is made of plastic, with the possibility of a two-point attachment to the shin or forearm. In the scabbard, the NVU is attached with a rubber pad on the handle. This method of fastening reduces the time of removing the knife, but also virtually eliminates the possibility of losing it. NVU has negative buoyancy, in simple terms, it sinks. But, having sunk and reached the bottom, it becomes vertical on the ground with the handle up, which greatly facilitates its search under water in case of loss. There is an anti-magnetic modification of the NVU-AM knife, on which there is no serrated sharpening.

Utility/combat knives

Sea Devil

The knife was named "Sea Devil" with the light hand of combat swimmers who take part in the testing of new types of edged weapons. The creator of the knife is Igor Skrylev, the author of many developments in the field of creating combat knives, adopted by special units of the Russian army and navy. "Sea Devil" is a wide-profile knife that can be successfully used by both combat swimmers and special forces of other branches of the armed forces to solve a wide range of tasks.

Experimental model of a universal knife created for the marines. The design of universal knives has always attracted designers who create the latest models of edged weapons, but solving a wide range of tasks with a single tool is almost impossible.

The Storm knife has a stainless steel blade and a shock-resistant, chemically inert handle, as a result of which it can be used for close combat by the Marine Corps units for which it was actually created. The knife is purely combat - due to the lack of a saw on the butt and a serrator on the blade, it can hardly be considered universal.

The knife was made by order of the Moscow SOBR by the AiR company from the city of Zlatoust. There are three versions - a combat knife, a premium combat knife and a civilian modification. The premium version differs in that it is made with gilding, but in terms of tactical and technical characteristics it does not differ from the combat one.

DV-1 and DV-2

Knives DV-1 and DV-2, differing only in the length of the blade, were created on special order and in cooperation with the fighters of the Far Eastern special forces. This is also evidenced by their names - DV means "Far Eastern". These are massive camping knives that can withstand heavy loads and be used for the toughest jobs.

The knife impresses with its large size. Its total length is 365 mm and the blade length is 235 mm. The blade is coated with a matte black finish to protect against corrosion and to eliminate unmasking glare. Descents from half a click, even with a solid thickness of 5.8 mm, provide a good cut. On the butt of the blade there is a section with a bevel, forming an unsharpened wedge, which is used for cutting bones. The recess in front of the guard (choil) allows you to intercept the knife, passing its guard between the index and middle fingers. Such a grip is used to facilitate the removal of a stuck knife, as well as for a number of jobs where such an arrangement of the brush on the knife provides better control.

DV-2 has a double-sided guard, which perfectly protects the hand. The handle, made of tightly fitting leather discs, has an oval cross section. The hilt ends with a massive pommel used for traumatic purposes. The top is put on a through shank and tightened on it with a flat nut. The sheath of the knife is of a classic design, made of two layers of thick leather, interconnected with rivets. The suspension is vertical, with a strap that securely fixes the handle.

Knives of the "Punisher" series were created specifically for the power units of the FSB of Russia by ZAO "Melita-K", which since 1994 has been producing high-quality knives, including a wide range of combat knives and daggers.

"Punishers" are produced in two versions - "VZMAX-1" and "Maestro". In addition, there are modifications that differ in the material of the handle (composite leather, rubber or kraton). "VZMAX-1" differs in the root part of the serrated sharpening, and "Maestro" - serrated sharpening on top, the type of scabbard and the type of blade finishing (anti-reflective, black or camouflage). The guard is double-sided. The wide blade is convenient for digging and allows, if necessary, to use the knife as an additional support on slopes with loose soil. The cutting part of the blade has a sickle-shaped cavity, which allows to increase the length of the cutting edge while maintaining linear dimensions. The knife is completed with a sheath made of high-quality leather or avisent, allowing you to mount it on the arm, leg, belt and elements of combat or camping equipment. Knife "VZMAX-1" officially adopted.

The knives "Vityaz NSN", "Vityaz NM", "Vityaz" were created by order of the President of the BKB Vityaz Hero of Russia S.I. Lysyuk for arming special forces. The main feature of the design is a large heavy blade with a narrow blade, which allows, upon impact, to maintain inertia of movement, reduce weight and increase penetrating ability, an anatomically comfortable guard that allows you to securely fix the knife in your hand.

Knife "Antiterror" was created for the power units of the FSB of Russia. The blade of the knife has a petal shape, which allows the maximum use of the working area of ​​the blade and increases its secant properties. The blade configuration has high penetrating abilities, the cutting part has a sickle-shaped cavity, which allows to increase the length of the cutting edge while maintaining linear dimensions. Reinforced the back of the blade. The standard ergonomic guard prevents the hand from slipping off at the moment of striking.

Combat knives of the Katran series differ in the type of blade and handle material. Knives of the "Katran" series, depending on the modification, are used as an underwater knife, a combat knife or a survival knife. The handle of the knife has a double-sided guard and a metal pommel. The handle material is type-setting leather, rubber or craton, depending on the modification.

- "Katran-1" - underwater combat knife. Blade with one and a half sharpening. On the butt, the sharpening is made in the form of a wave-shaped saw. In the root part there is a hook for cutting nets and serrated sharpening. Rubber handle. Plastic scabbard with leg straps. Coating of metal parts - black chrome.

- "Katran-1-S" - land version of this knife. It differs in blade material: steel 50X14 MF. Anti-reflective treatment of metal parts. The handle is type-setting from skin. Leather sheath with plastic insert.

- "Katran-2" - a hunting knife with one and a half sharpening. On the butt, the sharpening has an angle designed for cutting. Anti-reflective treatment. The handle is type-setting from skin. The scabbard is leather.

- "Katran-45" - combat knife. An exclusive model created by order of the 45th Airborne Regiment. It is distinguished by the presence of a metal saw blade on the butt, anti-reflective coating. The handle is type-setting from skin. Leather scabbard. There is an option with camouflage coated metal parts.

The combat dagger "Shaitan" was created in 2001 by order and together with employees of the power unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tatarstan (Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Tatarstan). The combat dagger "Shaitan" is produced in two modifications: the handle is type-setting leather and the skeletal type ("Shaitan-M"). The knife has a narrow leaf-shaped blade with double-sided sharpening. In the root part, the sharpening is made serrated. Designed to be used as a sling cutter, the serrator cuts 10-12mm climbing rope with ease. The shape of the blade is intended for inflicting deep cut wounds, as well as for the greatest exploitation of the working part of the blade. The guard and handle are symmetrical. Also, "Shaitan-M" can be used as a throwing knife that can withstand up to 3000 throws. Handle made of type-setting leather, subjected to special processing. All metal parts have anti-reflective treatment.

Knife "Akela" was created by order of SOBR as a "police" knife. A distinctive feature is its small size, which allows you to work in cramped urban conditions, crowded places, where it is impossible to use firearms. Knife dagger type, double-edged, the blade has an anti-reflective coating (black chrome). The handle is made of MBS rubber, fits comfortably in the hand. The pommel is metal, has a hole for a lanyard.

Knife "Smersh-5" - a classic combat knife. The ancestor of this knife was used during the Second World War (NR-43). The blade of the knife has a high penetrating power. Ergonomic guard prevents the hand from slipping during a strike. The upper butt part of the guard is designed for additional pressure when cutting hard objects.

Knife "Gyurza" consists of two modifications and has a narrow blade with one and a half sharpening. On the butt part of the sharpening is made with a serrator. Serreytor increases the combat capabilities of the knife, and is also used for cutting ropes and cables and, to a limited extent, as a substitute for a saw.

Combat knife "Cobra" was created by order of SOBR Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. This is a small dagger with a narrow blade and a double-sided, anatomically comfortable guard. "Cobra" is a serious weapon that allows you to solve combat missions in crowded places where firearms cannot be used. This dagger is designed not only for thrusting, the shape of its blade allows the use of cutting and chopping techniques, both with direct and reverse grip.

This large and powerful knife with a 180 mm blade was created by order of the FSB sapper units. "Vzryvotekhnik" was designed as a universal knife, designed to perform the functions of a military weapon, a survival knife and an engineering tool. Currently officially adopted. The blade is symmetrical, with differentiated sharpening - on one side of the blade is a regular sharpening, on the other a small serrated blade. The wooden handle has a steel pommel that can be used both in combat and as a hammer.

The combat knife, manufactured by AiR (Zlatoust), retains all the features of a classic dagger - a double-edged blade, symmetrical guard and hilt. This dagger is interesting in that it is, apparently, the only case in modern Russia of the revival of the tradition of departmental weapons, which, being a combat model, at the same time indicates belonging to a strictly defined state structure.

A small and only batch of this combat knife was made in 2008 by order of the Financial Monitoring Service especially for its employees. The dagger is made of stainless steel, the handle is type-setting leather, the guard and buttstock are aluminum.

The abbreviation "OTs" stands for "TsKIB Weapon". The OTs-04 knife was created at the Tula Central Design Research Bureau (TsKIB) in the late 80s and early 90s and was intended for special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The knife has a very massive design, butt thickness - 7 mm. The blade has a slight bevel in the front. There is a two-row saw on the butt of the blade, but due to the small height of the teeth, its efficiency is relatively low, especially when sawing raw wood. The handle is symmetrical, with a double-sided guard, made of plastic and has a large corrugation for a better hold.

Iron sheath, riveted from two halves. In them, the blade is held by a spring-loaded plate, like AK bayonet knives. The sheath has a leather loop for the classic location of the knife on the belt. Also included are leather adjustable straps that allow you to position the knife on the body and equipment in several ways.

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